PLC and SCADA Based

Secured and
Sustainable Living

ABSTRACT:
In this paper, we propose a few automated
processes for a partial automation of the apartment
which canbe mostly used in residential areas and
industries. It is developed using PLC and SCADA. SCADA
stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
system. The main intent of the paper is to treat the waste
water which can be
In turn used for many other purposes and a fire alarm
system. The necessity of standalone autonomous smoke
detection Systems, which render the work for quick
detection, alarm notification and sometimes turning on
the extinguishers, is very necessary for a secured living.
In order to supervise the entire process manually SCADA
system is used. A smoke sensor is used in order to detect
any outbreak of fire. The status of each and every
process is monitored using SCADA system in the control
room.

KEY WORDS: PLC, SCADA, Data Acquisition system,

Smoke sensor, Water treatment.

I.INTRODUCTION
Automation is basically the delegation of human control
function to technical equipment. It uses controlled
systems such as computers, PLCs, Microcontrollers to
control machinery and processes to reduce the necessity
of human involvement and mental requirements.
Different types of controllers can be used to operate and
control the equipment such as machinery, processes in
factories, heat treating ovens and boilers, and other
applications with minimal or
reduced human intervention. Food/ Beverage, Chemical
industries, Power, Machine Manufacturing, etc are the few
examples where we see the mechanization today. Most of
the automation has been existing in industries from
decades.

But the shift for automation in home and apartments has

popped in very recently. One can employ this kind of a
system
which enables an individual to supervise devices such as
Lighting, Heating and ventilation, water pumping,
gardening
system, Overhead water flow control remotely or from
any centralized location. Automatic systems are being
preferred
over manual system because they reduce individuals
effort. Similarly talking about apartment automation, by
use of
PLCs everything seems to be more accurate, reliable and
more efficient than the existing controllers. RS VIEW32
SCADA software is a powerful SCADA for industrial
automation, process control and supervisory monitoring.
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION:
V.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
By using PLC and SCADA the cost effective automation
system for residences can be developed and it is very
user
friendly for the operator or control engineer to trouble
shoot the process if any errors occurs and can also be
kept track of what is happening in the process.

This kind of implementation has many advantages. Some

of them are:
Increased level of comfort and time saving.
Time and money saving during maintenance.
Effective monitoring of the processes.
Improved plant Reliability and life.
Flexibility on change of building use.
Remote monitoring of plants like water treatment
plant or electrical supply, etc.
 Ease of storing reports of the systems.
By using PLC and SCADA based automation in and
around residences or apartments, we can lead to a
better,
comfortable life by reducing costs and improve the
quality of life.
It helps in obtaining certifications like
LEED(Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design)
certification.
Helps in creating Smart cities, the future of the
globalised world.
Part of Green Buildings, which people prefer now to
reduce the carbon foot print.

Hardware Components:
1. Relays
What is a Relay?

Many of the high end industrial application devices have relays for their effective
working. Relays are simple electromechanical switch, it is operated both electrically and
mechanically. It includes an electromagnet and also set of contacts. The switching operation is
carried out with the help of the electromagnet. There are also other operating principles for its
working, but they differ according to their application. Most of the devices have the application
of relays.

Why is a relay is used?

The main application relay exist in places where only a low-power signal can be used to control
a circuit. It also found in tasks where only one signal can be used to control a lot of circuits. The
applications of relays begins during the invention of telephone. They performed an important
role in switching calls in telephone exchanges and also used in long distance telegraphy. They
were used to switch the signal coming from one source to another destination. When computers
are being invented relays are used to perform Boolean and logical operations.
Design and working of relays:
There are four main parts in a relay, they are
Electromagnet
Switch point contacts
Movable armature
Spring
The figure shown below depicts the actual design of a simple relay.

Figure 5.3 relay design

The relay shown in figure is an electro-magnetic relay with a wired coil covering an iron core. A
path of magnetic flux with very low reluctance is provided for the movable armature and also the
switch point contacts. The movable armature is connected to the yoke which is mechanically
connected to the switch contacts. The spring is used to provide an air gap in the circuit contacts
when the relay becomes de energized.

The working of a relay can be understood well by explaining the diagram given below .

Figure 5.4 Internal design of relay

The figure above is the inner section of a relay. An iron core is surrounded by a several
turns of a control coil. The power supply is given to the electromagnetic coil via a control
switch and the device at load can be operated through contacts. When current begins to flow
through control coil the iron core start energizing and act as a electromagnetic, thus intensifies
the magnetic field. As a result of magnetic field upper contact arm starts to be attracted to the
lower fixed arm and thus closes the contacts causing a short circuit path for the power to the
load. On the other hand when relay is de-energized the contacts move oppositely and make an
open circuit.

There around 800 types of relays on the basis of its application. In this project preferred
relay is RMIA21024VDC CARLO GAVAZZI single change over electromagnet relay.

Electromagnetic Relay (RMIA21024VDC)

RMI A 2-1 024V DC DC

Rated coil voltage

Contact code

Terminal version (Soldering version)

Type (relay mini industrial)

The RMI relay (relay mini industrial) is used in the wide range of industrial applications. It
is available in four change-over configuration. It has two terminal versions PCB and soldering
version.

Figure 5.5 Front and back view of electromagnetic relay RMIA21024VDC

Some of the features of Relay RMIA21024VDC
High switching power
4 poles configuration
Small size
AC coils 6 to 230VAC
DC coils 5 to 110V
Standard with LED, Push with arm and Flag

2. Sensor
Sensor can be defined as an object whose purpose is to detect changes in its environment
and provide resulting output. It is a type of transducer it converts one form of energy into other
form. For example temperature of a thermocouple is converted to an electrical signal.

Based on the application and design there are many different types of sensors are there,
here we used only two sensors inductive proximity sensor and smoke detection sensor.

Proximity sensor
A proximity sensor, which is able to detect the presence of nearby objects without being in
contact physically. A proximity sensor regularly emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of
electromagnetic radiation and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The sensed object is
called sensors target. The maximum distance that can be detected by sensor is referred as
nominal distance, this distance can be adjusted by user. Each target demand different type of
sensors, for example plastic targets are sensed using capacitive or photoelectric sensor and
inductive proximity always require metallic target.

In this project inductive proximity sensor is used for automatic control of the fan and lights
inside a room when we open the door. Smoke detection sensor is used to detect leakage of toxic
gases and generate buzzer sound to indicate the leakage of gases.

Inductive proximity sensor

This is a type of proximity sensor, it detects the presence of metallic target and gives the
signal output.

Features

This sensor detect the target without contact.

 Even in adverse conditions it sense the object , which has water and oil resistant
construction.
It is suitable for accurate object positioning because of its very high repeatability.
This sensor have very response time (response frequency 3.3kHz)
It has long life due to its non contact output and practically no maintenance.
It has very short sensing range less than that of photoelectric sensors.

Specifications

Item Specifications
Operating voltage range 10 to 30 VDC
Minimum operational current 5 mA
Supply voltage 12/24 VDC
Ambient temperature -25 to +70 Degree Celsius
Mass 210g

Figure 5.6 Image of inductive proximity sensor and internal diagram

Smoke sensor
 Figure 5.7 MQ-2 smoke sensor and its circuit diagram

3.SMPS

4.PLC

5.MCB