EXPERIMENT 9: REACTIONS OF THE ANIONS

GROUP I ANIONS

Group I AgNO3 9-1a Solubility in 9-2 BaCl2

Formula of Ppt. Color HNO3
Cl- AgCl white insoluble no
Br- AgBr light yellow insoluble no
I- AgI canary yellow insoluble no

CN- AgCN white insoluble no
Fe(CN)6-4 Ag4Fe(CN)6 white insoluble no
Fe(CN)6-3 Ag3Fe(CN)6 orange insoluble no
SCN- AgSCN white insoluble no

Anion Reagents Formula Color & Nature

-
9-3 Cl Hg2(NO3)2, HNO3 Hg2Cl2 Hg0 white gray
9-4 CN- Hg2(NO3)2, HNO3 Hg2Cl2 Hg0 white gray
9-5 Br- KMnO4, H2SO4, chloroform Br2 reddish-brown orange brown
or brown gas CHCl3 layer
9-6 I- a) KMnO4, H2SO4, I2 violet gas violet/purple layer
chloroform
b) CH3COOH, NaNO2, I2 iodo-starch complex
starch soln blue soln
9-7 Fe(CN6)4- FeCl3 Fe4[Fe(CN6)]3 Prussian blue
9-8 SCN- FeCl3 Fe(SCN)2+ blood red soln
9-9 Fe(CN6)3- FeSO4 Fe3[Fe(CN6)]2 Turnbulls blue

GROUP II ANIONS
Group II S2- NO2- CH3COO-
9-10 AgNO3 Ag2S AgNO2 CH3COOAg
Formula of ppt
Color and Nature black white white crystalline

9-10a Solubility in HNO3 soluble soluble soluble
9-11 BaCl2 no no no

Anion Reagents Formula Color & Nature

9-12 S2- 6N H2SO4 H2S Colorless gas w/
rotten egg odor
PbS black
Pb(CH3COO)2 PbS black
9-13 NO2- CH3COOH, FeSO4 FeNOSO4 or brown ring
FeSO4.NO
9-14 CH3COO- conc. H2SO4 CH3COOH vinegar odor
a) C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 fruity odor

GROUP III ANIONS

Anions 9-15 AgNO3 9-16 BaCl2
Formula of ppt Color & Nature 9-15a 9-16a Solubility in
Solubility in HNO3
HNO3
SO32- Ag2SO3 white soluble BaSO3
white
a) soluble
CO32- Ag2CO3 white soluble BaCO3
yellow white
a) soluble
BO33- Ag3BO3 Ag2O white soluble Ba3(BO3)2
brown white
a) soluble
C2O42- Ag2C2O4 white soluble BaC2O4
white
a) soluble
C4H4O62- Ag2C4H4O6 white soluble BaC4H4O6
 white

a) soluble
C6H5O73- Ag3C6H5O7 white soluble Ba3(C6H5O7)2
white
a) soluble
GROUP III ANIONS continued
Anions Reagents Formula Color & Nature
2-
9-17 SO3 a) 6N H2SO4 SO2 garlic-like odor
blue litmus paper SO2 + H2O H2SO3 BR
H2SO4
b) KMnO4, H2SO4 H2S2O6 violet color of KMnO4
dithionic acid decolorized
9-18 CO32- 6N H2SO4 CO2 colorless gas
Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 white
9-19 BO33- H2SO4, CH3OH (CH3)3BO3 green tint
green border flame
9-20 C2O42- CaCl2 Ca2C2O4 white
a) CH3COOH insoluble
9-21 C4H4O62- AgNO3, NH4OH, heat Ag0 silver mirror
9-22 C6H5O73- AgNO3, NH4OH, heat Ag0 silver mirror

GROUP IV ANIONS
Anions PO43- AsO43- AsO33- S2O32- CrO42-
9-23 AgNO3
Formula Ag3PO4 Ag3AsO4 Ag3AsO3 Ag2S2O3 Ag2CrO4
Ag2S
Color & Nature yellow chocolate yellow white brownish-
brown yellow red
brown
black
9-23a Solubility in soluble soluble soluble soluble soluble
HNO3
9-24 BaCl2
Formula BaHPO4 Ba3(AsO4)2 Ba3(AsO3)2 BaS2O3 BaCrO4
Color & Nature white white white white yellow
9-24a Solubility in soluble soluble soluble soluble soluble
HNO3

Anions Reagents Formula Color & Nature

9-25 a) NH4Cl, NH4OH, magnesia MgNH4PO4 white crystalline
PO43- mixture
b) HNO3, (NH4)2MoO4 (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3 yellow crystalline
9-26 a) NH4Cl, NH4OH, magnesia MgNH4AsO4 white crystalline
AsO43- mixture
b) HNO3, (NH4)2MoO4 (NH4)3AsO4.12MoO3 yellow crystalline
9-27 a) NH4Cl, NH4OH, magnesia ---- no
AsO33- mixture
b) HNO3, (NH4)2MoO4 ---- no
9-28 a) 6N H2SO4 SO2 + S colorless gas w/
S2O32- garlic-like odor w/
yellow
b) KMnO4, H2SO4 8KMnO4 + 5Na2S2O3 + violet color of KMnO4
7H2SO4 4K2SO4 + 8MnSO4 decolorized
+ 5Na2SO4 + 7H2O
9-29 Pb(CH3COO)2 PbCrO4 yellow
CrO42-
a) NaOH Na2PbO2 yellow soln

GROUP V ANIONS
Anions Reagents Formula Color & Nature
9-30 NO3- AgNO3 --- no
ClO3- AgNO3 --- no
9-31 NO3- BaCl2 --- no
ClO3- BaCl2 --- no
9-32 NO3- conc. H2SO4, FeSO4 FeNOSO4 brown ring
9-33 ClO3- AgNO3, KNO2 AgCl white
GROUP VI ANION
Anion Reagent Formula Color & Nature
9-34 SO42- AgNO3 dil. soln ---- white
conc. soln Ag2SO4
9-34 SO42- BaCl2 BaSO4 white
a) solubility in HNO3 insoluble
9-34 SO42- Pb(CH3COO)2 PbSO4 white
a) solubility in Pb(CH3COO)2 soluble
CH3COONH4