Ecss e 10 03B Draft2 (29jan2008) TESTING

ECSS-E-10-03B Draft 2
29 January 2008
Space engineering
Testing
This ECSS document is a draft standard distributed for Public Review.
It is therefore subject to change withou any notice and may not be referred
to as an ECSS Standard until published as such.
End of Public Review: 28 March 2008
ECSS Secretariat
ESA-ESTEC
Requirements & Standards Division
Noordwijk, The Netherlands
29 January 2008
Content
1. Scope ...........................................................................................................................................6
2. Normative references ...................................................................................................................6
3. Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms ....................................................................................7

3.1. Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................................... 7
3.2. Abbreviated terms ........................................................................................................................... 12
4. General requirements ................................................................................................................14

4.1. Test programme .............................................................................................................................. 14
4.2. Test Management............................................................................................................................ 14
4.3. Development testing........................................................................................................................ 15
4.4. Retesting .......................................................................................................................................... 15
4.5. Test conditions and tolerances ........................................................................................................ 16
4.6. Test data .......................................................................................................................................... 18
4.7. Test documentation ......................................................................................................................... 18
5. Qualification testing ...................................................................................................................20

5.1. Qualification testing objectives ........................................................................................................ 20
5.2. Qualification test levels and duration ............................................................................................... 20
5.3. Equipment test requirements ........................................................................................................... 24
5.4. Subsystem test requirements............................................................................................................ 43
5.5. Element test requirements................................................................................................................ 44
5.6. Overall System qualification test....................................................................................................... 54
6. Acceptance testing....................................................................................................................58
6.1. Acceptance testing objectives ........................................................................................................ 58
6.2. Acceptance test levels and duration............................................................................................... 58
6.3. Equipment test requirements ........................................................................................................... 61
6.4. Subsystem test requirements............................................................................................................ 69
6.5. Element test requirements................................................................................................................ 71
6.6. Overall System acceptance test...................................................................................................... 75
7. Protoflight testing........................................................................................................................77
7.1. Protoflight testing objectives............................................................................................................. 77
7.2. Protoflight test levels and duration.................................................................................................... 77
7.3. Equipment protoflight test ................................................................................................................ 78
7.4. Subsystem protoflight test................................................................................................................. 79
7.5. Element protoflight test .................................................................................................................... 79
7.6. Overall System protoflight test .......................................................................................................... 79
8. Pre-launch testing.......................................................................................................................80
8.1. Pre-launch testing objectives ........................................................................................................... 80
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8.2. Functional tests ................................................................................................................................ 80

8.3. Propulsion tests ................................................................................................................................. 81
8.4. Integrated launch system test .......................................................................................................... 81
8.5. Manned related tests ....................................................................................................................... 81
9. In-orbit testing ............................................................................................................................82

9.1. Initial in orbit testing (as part of Commissioning)............................................................................... 82
9.2. Other in orbit testing ......................................................................................................................... 82
10. Post-landing testing ....................................................................................................................83
Annex A (normative) Assembly, integration and test (AIT) plan - DRD......................................................84
Annex B (normative) Test specification (TSPE) - DRD ................................................................................86
Annex C (normative) Test procedure (TPRO) - DRD ..................................................................................88
Annex D (normative) Test report (TRPT) - DRD...........................................................................................90
Figures
Figure 1 Equipment qualification test sequence ......................................................................................... 27
Figure 2 Equipment thermal vacuum test sequence .................................................................................. 37
Figure 3 Equipment thermal cycling test sequence .................................................................................... 40
Figure 4 Equipment thermal vacuum cycling test sequence ...................................................................... 41
Figure 5 Schematic thermal vacuum test sequence .............................................................................. 50
Figure 6 Equipment acceptance test sequence.......................................................................................... 64
Tables
Table 1 Allowable tolerances........................................................................................................................ 17
Table 2 Measurement accuracy ................................................................................................................... 18
Table 3 Qualification test level and duration............................................................................................... 20
Table 5 Equipment Resonance search test levels...................................................................................... 31
Table 6 Sinusoidal qualification test levels for equipment with mass 50 kg ........................................... 31
Table 7 Sinusoidal qualification test levels for equipment with mass > 50 kg ........................................... 31
Table 8 Random vibration test levels for equipment with mass M 50kg.................................................. 33
Table 9 Random vibration test levels for all axes for equipment with mass M >50kg, apogee motors, tanks,
batteries.................................................................................................................................................... 33
Table 10 Acoustic qualification general test levels ..................................................................................... 34
Table 11 Shock qualification test levels for equipment SRS in plane......................................................... 35
Table 12 Shock qualification test levels for equipment SRS out of plane .................................................. 35
Table 14 Key and symbols for Figures 2, 3 and 4 ...................................................................................... 38
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Table 15 Thermal vacuum test parameters (qualification).......................................................................... 38
Table 16 Thermal cycling test parameters (qualification) ........................................................................... 39
Table 17 Space element qualification test baseline.................................................................................... 44
Table 18 Space Element Resonance search test levels ............................................................................. 46
Table 19 Tolerances for physical properties............................................................................................... 48
Table 20 Thermal vacuum test parameters (Qualification)......................................................................... 50
Table 21 Acceptance test levels and duration ............................................................................................ 59
Table 22 Equipment acceptance test baseline ........................................................................................... 62
Table 23 AVT spectrum .............................................................................................................................. 66
Table 24 Thermal cycling test parameters (acceptance)............................................................................ 68
Table 25 Space element acceptance test baseline .................................................................................... 71
Table 26 Protoflight test levels and duration ................................................................................................ 77
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Foreword
ECSS Foreword to be inserted
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1. Scope
This Standard addresses the requirements for performing Verification by Testing, in conformance with the
ECSS-E-10-02, of space systems.
In particular this standard:
1. specifies for all space systems, the product test requirements ;
2. proposes standardized test values;
3. mandates the documentation of the testing activities;
This Standard does not address testing of:
a) hardware below equipment levels,
b) Stand alone Software
c) Stand alone rocket motors;
d) Launchers and launch facilities;
e) test facilities and Ground Support Equipment;
f) Ground Segment.
The requirements specified in this Standard are formulated in a way to support tailoring to match the
requirements of the particular profile and circumstances of a project.
2. Normative references
This Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter.
For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of
the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
ECSS-P-001B, ECSS Glossary of terms.
ECSS-E-10-02B, System engineering - Verification
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3. Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1. Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Standard, the terms and definitions given in ECSS-P-001B and the following apply.
3.1.1
abbreviated system test (AFT)
sub-set of the System Functional Test, able to involve all major functions, at the maximum extent
automatically performed and with the scope to provide the criteria for judging successful survival of the
element in a given test environment, with a high degree of confidence, in a relatively short time
NOTE Abbreviated functional test is also known as Integrated system check.
3.1.2
acceptance stage
verification stage with the objective of demonstrating that the product is free of workmanship defects and
integration errors and ready for its intended use
NOTE See ECSS-E-10-02B
3.1.3
burst pressure
maximum test pressure that pressurized equipment withstands without rupture to demonstrate the adequacy
of the design in a qualification test
NOTE 1 Burst pressure is equal to the product of the maximum expected operating pressure, a burst pressure design
factor, and a factor corresponding to the differences in material properties between test and design temperatures.
NOTE 2 An item subjected to a burst pressure test is not used for other purposes.
3.1.4
commissioning
verification and validation activities conducted after the launch and before the entry in operational service
either on the space elements only or on the overall system (including the ground elements)
NOTE See ECSS-E-10-02B.
3.1.5
design environments
composite of the various environmental loads, to which the hardware is designed
NOTE Each of the design environments is based upon:
maximum and minimum predicted environments during the operational life of the item;
qualification margin that increases the environmental range to provide an acceptable level of confidence that a
failure does not occur during the product lifetime of the item;
uncertainties and tolerances related to the analytical prediction.
3.1.6
environmental design margin
increase of the environmental extremes for the purpose of design and qualification above the levels expected
during the product lifetime cycle
NOTE Environmental design margin includes levels such as mechanical, thermal, radiation as well as the time of
exposure of them.
3.1.7
environmental test
simulation of the various constraints (together or separately) to which an item is subjected during its
operational life cycle
NOTE Environmental tests cover natural and induced environments.

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3.1.8
fundamental resonance (for structural modes)
first major significant resonance's as observed during one-axis vibration test for each of the three test axes
NOTE 1 The term fundamental resonance is used in conjunction with notching of sinusoidal vibration input spectrum
for item qualification.
NOTE 2 Significant resonances are modes that have an effective mass greater than 10 % of the total mass of the
item.
3.1.9
in-orbit stage
verification stage valid for projects for which in-orbit verification is performed
NOTE It includes the commissioning and verification activities which are delayed because the activation of a space
element is performed later during the mission (e.g. interplanetary mission, lander). See ECSS-E-10-02B.
3.1.10
limit load (LL)
maximum load(s), or combination of loads, which a structure is expected to experience with a given
probability, during the performance of specified missions in specified environments
NOTE Since the actual loads that are experienced in product lifetime are in part random in nature, statistical
methods for predicting limit loads are generally used.
3.1.11
low level sinusoidal vibration
exposing an item to a frequency sweep of low level sinusoidal vibrations to show possible deficiencies in
workmanship, as a consequence of another environment
NOTE Low level sinusoidal vibration test is also known as signature test.
3.1.12
maximum and minimum design temperatures
highest and lowest temperatures, including uncertainties, that are expected to occur in flight during all
operational and non-operational modes
NOTE Refer to ECSS-E-31A.
The difference between the Design and the Predicted temperature is the Residual Margin that could be 0.
Note: see the sketch below for the relationship with other temperature definitions (from ECSS E 31A)
3.1.13
maximum predicted acceleration
acceleration value determined from the combined effects of the quasi steady acceleration and the transient
response of the element to engine ignition, engine burnout and stage separation
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NOTE Where the natural frequency of the equipment mount or mounting structure can couple with engine initiated
transients, the maximum predicted acceleration level accounts for the possible dynamic amplification.
3.1.14
maximum predicted acoustic environment
maximum value of the time average root-mean-square (r.m.s.) SPL (sound pressure level) in each frequency
band occurring below payload fairing or within STS (space transportation system) orbiter cargo bay, which
occurs during lift-off, powered flight or re-entry
NOTE The maximum predicted acoustic environment test spectrum is specified in octave or 1/3 octave bands over
a frequency range of 31,5 Hz to 10 000 Hz. The duration of the maximum environment is the total period when the
overall amplitude is within 6 dB of the maximum overall amplitude.
3.1.15
maximum predicted operating pressure
working pressure applied to equipment by the pressurizing system with the pressure regulators and relief
valves at their upper operating limit, including the effects of temperature, transient peaks and element
acceleration
3.1.16
maximum predicted pyro shock environment
maximum absolute shock response spectrum determined by the response of a number of single degree of
freedom systems using an acceleration amplification factor at the resonant frequency of lightly damped
system (Q = 10)
NOTE 1 The shock response spectrum is determined at frequency intervals of one-sixth octave or less over a
frequency range of 100 Hz to 4 000 Hz or more.
NOTE 2 The pyro shock environment imposed on the space element equipment is due to structural response when
the space or launch element electro-explosive devices are activated. Resultant structural response accelerations have
the form of superimposed complex decaying sinusoids that decay to a few percent of their maximum acceleration in 5
m/s to 15 m/s.
3.1.17
maximum predicted random vibration environment
random vibration environment imposed on the space element, subsystems and equipment due to the lift-off
acoustic field, aerodynamic excitations, and transmitted structure-borne vibration
NOTE 1 A different spectrum can exist for different equipment zones or for different axis. The equipment vibration
levels are based on vibration response measurements made at the equipment attachment points during ground acoustic
tests or during flight. The duration of the maximum environment is the total period during flight when the overall level is
within 6 dB of the maximum overall level.
NOTE 2 The power spectral density is based on a frequency resolution of 1/6 octave (or narrower) bandwidth
analysis, over a frequency range of 20 Hz to 2 000 Hz.
3.1.18
maximum predicted sinusoidal vibration environment
predicted environment imposed on the space element, subsystems and equipment due to sinusoidal and
narrow band random forcing functions within the launch element or space element during flight or from
ground transportation and handling
NOTE 1 In flight, sinusoidal excitations are caused by unstable combustion, by coupling of structural resonant
frequencies (POGO), or by imbalances in rotating equipment in the launch element or space element. Sinusoidal
excitations occur also during ground transportation and handling due to resonant responses of tires and suspension
systems of the transporters.
NOTE 2 The maximum predicted sinusoidal vibration environment is specified over a frequency range of 5 Hz to
100 Hz for flight excitation.
3.1.19
model philosophy
definition of the optimum number and characteristics of physical models to achieve a confidence in the
product verification with the shortest planning and a suitable weighing of costs and risks
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NOTE See ECSS E-10-2B
3.1.20
moving mechanical assemblies
mechanical or electromechanical devices that control the movement of one mechanical part of a space
element relative to another part
3.1.21
multipacting
resonant back and forth flow of secondary electrons in a vacuum between two surfaces separated by a
distance such that the electron transit time is an odd integral multiple of one half the period of the alternating
voltage impressed on the surface
3.1.22
notching of sinusoidal vibration input spectrum
notching of the shaker input spectrum to limit structural responses at resonant frequencies according to
qualification or acceptance loads
NOTE Notching of sinusoidal vibration input spectrum is a general accepted practise in vibration testing.
3.1.23
operational modes
combination of operational configurations or conditions that can occur during the product lifetime for
equipment or space element
EXAMPLE Power-on or power-off, command modes, readout modes, attitude control modes, antenna stowed or
deployed, and spinning or de-spun.
3.1.24
post-landing stage
verification stage valid for projects where characteristics for post-landing verification is performed (e.g.
multimission projects)
NOTE See ECSS E-10-2B.
3.1.25
pre-launch stage
verification stage with the objective to verify that the flight article is properly configured for launch and
capable to function as planned for launch
3.1.26
proof pressure
test pressure for pressurized equipment to sustain without detrimental deformation
NOTE 1 The proof pressure is used to give evidence of satisfactory workmanship and material quality, or to establish
maximum possible flaw size.
NOTE 2 The proof pressure is equal to the product of maximum predicted operating pressure (see 3.1.16), proof
pressure design factor, and a factor accounting for the difference in material properties between test and design
temperature.
3.1.27
qualification stage
verification stage with the objective to demonstrate that the design conforms to the requirements including
margins
3.1.28
product lifetime
total life expectancy of a flight product
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NOTE The product lifetime starts at the completion of assembly of the item and continues through all acceptance
testing, ground operations, handling, storage, transportation, launch operations, orbital operations, refurbishment,
retesting, re-entry or recovery from orbit, and reuse if applicable.
3.1. 29
soak
Soak is defined as a period in which the space element temperatures are stabilised to specified values.
NOTE See 3.1.33.
3.1.30
space element
product or set of products intended to be operated in space
NOTE 1 In order to avoid repetition in the level of decomposition of the space product, the term element is used to
define systems within the system. The term element is used to identify any system within the space system.
NOTE 2 Elements that operate entirely in space are referred to as Space segment.
3.1.31
system
is a system that contain at least a element
3.1.32
system functional test (SFT)
Test that demonstrates that the mechanical and electrical functions including SW and the performances of
the space element conform to the space element specification in all operational modes, including back-up
modes and all foreseen transients
NOTE system functional test is also known as Integrated system test.
3.1.33
stabilized test temperature
specified temperature for equipment and subsystem tests that has been achieved and has not changed by
more than a specified amount within a specified time period
3.1.34
temperature reference, reference point
physical point located on the equipment providing a simplified representation of the equipment thermal status
NOTE 1 Depending upon the equipment dimensions, more than one temperature reference can be defined.
NOTE 2 The temperature of the reference point is measured by temperature sensors during test. The temperature
distribution within the equipment and hot spots on the external casing due to point heat sources are not used as
reference points.
3.1.35
thermal cycle
thermal period beginning at a given temperature (typically room temperature) transitioning to a temperature
extreme and stabilising, then transitioning to the other temperature extreme and stabilising and finally
returning to the defined initial temperature
3.1.36
ultimate load
maximum static load to which a structure is designed
NOTE Ultimate load is obtained by multiplying the limit load by the ultimate factor of safety.
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3.2. Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this Standard the following abbreviated terms apply.
Abbreviation Meaning
ABM apogee boost motor
AFT abbreviated functional test
AIT Assembly Integration and Test
AITP Assembly Integration and Test Plan
AIV Assembly Integration and Verification
AOCS attitude and orbit control system
AVT acceptance vibration test
BAPTA bearing and power transfer assembly
CCB configuration control board
CoG centre of gravity
DRD document requirements definition
EEC European Electromagnetic Compatibility
EGSE electrical ground support equipment
EM Engineering Model
EMC electromagnetic compatibility
ESD electrostatic discharge
FOP flight operation plan
GSE ground support equipment
HFE human factors engineering
HMI Human Machine Interface
LCDA launcher coupled dynamic analysis
LEOP launch and early orbit phase
MEOP Maximum Expected Operating Pressure
MoI moment of inertia
N/A Not Applicable
NCR nonconformance report
NRB nonconformance review board
PFM protoflight model
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PSD power spectral density
PTR Post Test Review
QM Qualification Model
r.m.s. root-mean-square
RF radio frequency
SADM solar array drive mechanism
SFT system functional test
SPL sound pressure level
SRS Shock Response Spectra
SVT System Validation Test
TC telecommand
TCS Thermal Control System
TM Telemetry
TPRO Test Procedure
TR Test Review
TRPT Test Report
TRR Test Readiness Review
TSPE Test Specification
TT&C Telemetry, tracking and command
TWT travelling wave tube
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4. General requirements
4.1. Test programme
a) a coherent test programme shall be established, encompassing each verification stage and level to
implement the verification by testing.
b) Test plans, test requirements, and test criteria shall be derived from the product requirements,
verification plan and verification matrix.
NOTE Q-40 safety standard is used in conducting tests.
4.2. Test Management
4.2.1. General
The supplier shall assign clear responsibility for the implementation of the test programme and record it in
the AIT plan.
4.2.2. Test Reviews
4.2.2.1. Test programme

a) The test programme shall include the formal reviews:
1. test readiness review (TRR);
2. post-test review (PTR).
b) For each test review it shall be defined, as a minimum:
1. objectives,
2. input data,
3. outputs,
4. tasks
5. participation and responsibilities
6. Customer involvement
4.2.2.2. Test Readiness Review (TRR)

a) A TRR shall be held to formally authorize the starting of the test activity by assessing at least the
following:
1. test documentation availability,
2. test product configuration,
3. test configuration/set-up,
4. test facility, environmental conditions, equipment calibration, maintenance status,
5. ground support equipment (GSE) and infrastructures,
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6. non conformances,
7. personnel qualification and availability,
8. results from pre-tests (dry-runs, rehearsals),
4.2.2.3. Post Test Review (PTR)
a) A Post Test Review shall be held in order to formally declare the test completed by assessing at least
the following:
1. the preliminary results
2. test data packages and logbooks,
3. test anomalies, non conformances and related dispositions,
4. certification that test data meet requirements
b) all the open items shall be clearly identified and actions assigned.
c) The test set up shall not be dismounted before the PTR completion unless agreed by the PTR board.
4.3. Development testing
a) Development testing of a product shall be completed prior to the start of its formal qualification testing.
NOTE The objective of development testing is to support the design feasibility and to assist in the evolution of the design.
b) Development tests should be conducted over a range of operating conditions that can exceed the design
limits.
c) Development tests shall not be conducted on qualification or flight products.
d) Adequate records of test configuration, test results and other pertinent data shall be maintained so that
this information is available to supplement other portions of the verification programme, or when failure
occurs during the qualification and acceptance stages.
4.4. Retesting
4.4.1. Overview
ECSS E-10-2B identifies several situations in which re-verification is requiring retesting, however as the
scope and the nature of retesting differ so much, test requirements are defined on a case-by-case basis.
Specific cases involving retesting are described in 4.4.2 to 4.4.6 sub clauses below.
4.4.2. Failure or anomaly during testing
a) The failure or anomalies occurred during the testing activities, shall be recorded on a non-conformance
report (NCR).
b) The non-conformance review board (NRB) shall convene to decide on the course of actions to take for
NCR;
c) After the implementation of the NRB disposition and the elimination of the failure cause, in accordance to
the disposition, a retest shall be performed;
d) The NRB shall decide on the necessity and the extent of the retest in order to demonstrate the
correctness of the disposition made.
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4.4.3. Implementation of a design modification after completion of qualification or acceptance

testing
The configuration control board (CCB) shall convene to evaluate and decide the extent of the qualification
and acceptance test sequence to be repeated.
4.4.4. Long duration storage of flight hardware after acceptance testing
a) If flight hardware is stored for an extended time (i.e. six months or longer) between acceptance and
shipment to the launch site, periodic checks on its health status shall be performed.
b) Periodic tests shall be performed on items that can degrade if not operated or if they are age sensitive as
identified by analysis.
Example of age sensitive components: Travelling wave tubes (TWTs), tape recorders, batteries
(conditioning) and special lubricated mechanisms valves and motors.
c) It shall be determined to which extent mechanical and functional tests (as defined in clause 6) need to
be repeated after the removal of flight hardware from storage.
4.4.5. Hardware to be re-flown
Hardware to be re-flown shall be re-tested before the new flight in accordance with the verification program
of the new mission.
4.4.6. Flight use of qualification hardware
a) Additional testing of qualification hardware subsequently selected for flight shall be compatible with the
residual life.
b) In case of refurbishment or disassembly the qualification hardware shall be subjected to a full or partial
acceptance test.
4.5. Test conditions and tolerances
4.5.1. General
a) Margins to test levels and duration shall be applied to the environmental tests;
NOTE: A margin can include an increase in level or range, an increase in duration or cycles of exposure, as
well as any other appropriate increase in severity.
b) Test environments shall be based on previous flight data, on ground environments, on analytical
prediction or a combination thereof;
4.5.2. Test measurements
4.5.2.1. Test tolerances
a) The test tolerances specified in Table 1 shall be applied to the nominal test values specified.
NOTE 1 The tolerances specified in Table 1 are the allowable ranges within which the test parameters can vary. They
are exclusive of instrumentation accuracy.
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Table 1 Allowable tolerances

Test parameters Tolerances
1. Temperature Low High
above +100 C +0
Tmin 4 Tmax 0
+4
-85 C < T +100 C +0

Tmin 3 Tmax 0
+3
-173 C < T -85 C 2 oC

-233 C < T -173 C 1 oC
10 K T 40 K < 0.5 K
0,1 K T <10 K <5%
2. Relative humidity 5 %
3. Pressure (in vacuum chamber)
> 1,3 hPa 15 %
1,3 10-3 hPa to 1.3 hPa 30 %
< 1,3 10-3 hPa 80 %
4. Acceleration -0 / +10 %
5. Static Load -0 / +10 %
6. Sinusoidal vibration
Frequency (20 Hz to 2 000 Hz) 2 %
Amplitude 10 %
Sweep rate (Oct/min) 5 %
7. Random vibration
Frequency 5 % (or 1 Hz whichever is greater)
Amplitude (PSD)
20 Hz - 100 Hz -1/ +3 dB
(max control bandwidth 10 Hz)
100 Hz - 1000 Hz -1/ +3 dB
(10% of midband frequency)
1000 Hz - 2000 Hz 3,0 dB
(max control bandwidth 100 Hz)
Random overall g r.m.s. 1,5 dB
8. Acoustic noise
Sound pressure level
31,5 40 Hz 5,0 dB
40 2500 Hz 3,0 dB
2500 10000 Hz 5,0 dB
Overall 1,5 dB
9. Microvibration susceptibility
Quasi-static force or torque 5 % To be related to the external forces that
are applied to extrapolate the transfer functions.
Dynamic forces 10 % as above

Sound-power (1/3 octave band
centre frequencies)
32,5 Hz - 160 Hz 3 dB
160 Hz 10,000 Hz 2 dB
10. Shock
Response spectrum amplitude
(1/6 octave centre frequency)
Shock level
3000 Hz - 3, + 6 dB
3000 Hz - 3, + 9 dB
Shock duration
20 ms 0/+ 20 %
> 20 ms 0/+ 10 %
11. Solar flux
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Mean value 4 % of the set value

Test volume 6% of the set value
12. Infrared flux
Mean value 3 % on reference plane(s)
13. Test time -0/+10 %
4.5.2.2. Measurement accuracy
a) The accuracy of test instrumentation shall be verified in accordance with approved calibration
procedures.
b) All test instrumentation shall be within the normal calibration period at the time of the test.
c) The measurement accuracy shall be as specified in Table 2.
Table 2 Measurement accuracy

Test parameters Accuracy
1. Mass
Equipment 0,1 %
Space element 0,3 kg or 0,05 % (whichever is greater)
2. Centre of gravity (CoG)
Equipment Within a 1 mm radius sphere
Space element 2,5 mm along each axis
3. Moment of inertia (MoI)
Equipment 3 %
Space element 1 % each axis
4. Leak rate 10-5 Pa m3 s-1 of Helium at 1 013 hPa pressure
differential or at least a factor of two with
respect to the leak rate to be measured.
5. Audible noise
32,5 Hz to 160 Hz 3 dB
160 Hz to 15 kHz 2 dB
6. Strain 3 %
7. EMC See ECSS E 20-07A para. 5.1.3
8. ESD See ECSS E 20-07A para. 5.1.3
9. Other parameters consistent with the tolerance for the variable to
be measured and as minimum one third of the
tolerance itself.
4.6. Test data
a) Test measurements and the environmental conditions on the products shall be recorded for subsequent
engineering evaluation.
b) The test data shall be compared across major test sequences for trends or evidence of anomalous
behaviour of the test setup;
4.7. Test documentation
4.7.1. General
Test documentation (AIT plan, Test specification, Test procedure, and test report) shall be generated at all
product levels.
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4.7.2. AIT Plan
a) The content of the AIT plan (AITP) shall be in accordance with the DRD in Annex A.
NOTE: It contains the overall AIT program and the related verification tools (GSE and facilities), the involved
documentation, the AIT management and organization and the AIT schedule.
b) The supplier shall provide the AIT plan for the reviews as per ECSS-E-10-02B Annex A
4.7.3. Test specification
a) The content of the Test Specification (TSPE) shall be in accordance with the DRD in Annex B.
NOTE: The test specification contains the specific test activity objectives, the selected approach, the article configuration,
the set-up description, the necessary GSE, the instrumentation and its measurement accuracy, the conditions for the
activity, the required facilities, the sequence of activities with the detailed verification requirements, the success criteria,
the organization and responsibilities, the involved documentation, the relationship with product assurance activities, the
schedule.
b) The supplier shall provide the Test Specification (TSPE) for the reviews as per ECSS-E-10-02B Annex A.
4.7.4. Test procedure
a) The content of the Test Procedure (TPRO) shall be in accordance with the DRD in Annex C.
NOTE: The test procedure provides detailed step-by-step instructions for conducting test activities in
agreement with the relevant AIV Plan and the test requirements. It contains the activity objective, the
applicable documents, the references to the relevant test specification, the participants required, the article
and tools configuration list, the step-by-step procedures.
b) The supplier shall provide the Test Procedure (TPRO) for the reviews as per ECSS-E-10-02B Annex A.
4.7.5. Test report
a) The content of the Test Report (TRPT) shall be in accordance with the DRD in Annex D.
NOTE: The test report describes test execution, results and conclusions in the light of the test requirements.
It contains the test description and the test results including the as-run test procedures, the considerations
and conclusions with particular emphasis on the close-out of the relevant verification requirements including
any deviation.
b) The supplier shall provide the Test Report (TRPT) for the reviews as per ECSS-E-10-02B Annex A.
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5. Qualification testing
5.1. Qualification testing objectives
a) Qualification testing shall be performed to confirm that the items perform in accordance with the
specifications in the intended environments.
NOTE The qualification testing formally demonstrates that the design, implementation and manufacturing methods have
resulted in products conforming to the specification requirements.
b) Qualification testing shall be conducted on dedicated qualification models as defined in ECSS E-10-2B.
c) Test facilities, tools and instrumentation shall not affect the qualification objectives.
EXAMPLE Items such as Ground Support Equipment, thermocouples, strain gauges necessary to conduct
the test.
d) Qualification testing shall be completed and consequential design improvements incorporated, prior to
the initiation of the flight item manufacturing.
5.2. Qualification test levels and duration
a) The qualification environmental conditions shall stress the hardware to more severe conditions than
those expected to occur during the product lifetime.
b) The qualification test levels shall be the maximum predicted ones increased by a qualification margin.
c) Qualification testing levels and duration shall not create conditions that exceed applicable design safety
margins
d) Qualification testing levels and duration, in combination with other parameters, e.g. test set up,
operational modes, shall not create conditions that can lead to failures;
e) The qualification test margin for levels and duration specified in Table 3, with the indication of the
applicability to equipment or space element levels, shall be applied.
Table 3 Qualification test level and duration

Test Levels Duration Remarks
Equipment Space Equipment Space element
element
Sine vibration 1.25 x Limit 1.25 x Limit sweep at 2 sweep at 2 Qualification load
Load Load Oct/min, 5 - Oct/min, 5 - is limit load times
Spectrum Spectrum 100 Hz on each 100 Hz on each qual-factor (the
of 3 orthogonal of 3 orthogonal qual-factor is less
axes axes or equal the
design factor
which results in
the design limit
load; design
factors are
varying from 1.25
to 1.5)
Random Maximum Maximum 2 min on each 2 min on each Different values
vibration expected expected of 3 orthogonal of 3 orthogonal can be specified
spectrum +3 spectrum +3 axes axes according to the
dB on PSD dB on PSD Launcher User
values values Manual.
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29 January 2008
The duration of
the acoustic load,
which is the main
driver for random
loads, is in the
range of 10 to 15
sec. 1minute test
duration is
needed from
statistical
reasons. All the
rest of duration is
qualification
margin.
Acoustic Maximum Maximum 2 min 2 min Different values
expected expected may be specified
acoustic acoustic according to the
spectrum +3 spectrum +3 Launcher User
dB dB Manual
Shock Maximum 1 activation 3 shocks in 1 activation. The number of
expected with no margin both directions shock activations
shock imposed (Note: both can be reduced
spectrum + 3 directions valid by combining
dB for e.g. for half axes and
sine shock test) directions,
of 3 orthogonal provided the
axes or 3 SRS required
(Note: valid for environment is
Shogun or generated
ringing plate
test).
Application of
shock 3 times
for each
direction.
Microvibration Maximum As needed for
susceptibility predicted level equipment
characterization
Acceleration 1.25 x Limit 1.25 x Limit As needed to As needed to Qualification load
Load Load record data on record data is limit load times
maximum maximum each of 3 qual-factor (the
acceleration acceleration orthogonal qual-factor is less
axes or equal the
design factor
which results in
the design limit
load; design
factors are
varying from 1.25
to 1.5)
Static load 1.25 x the 1.25 x the limit As needed to As needed to Sine test can
limit load for load for record data record data replace static test.
unmanned unmanned Qualification load
flight or 1.4 flight or 1.4 is limit load times
times limit load times limit load qual-factor (the
for manned for manned qual-factor is less
flight flight or equal the
design factor
which results in
the design limit
load; design
factors are
varying from 1.25
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to 1.5)
Spin 1,25 x spin 1,25 x spin Mission specific 30 hrs At equipment

rate rate level the duration
allows at least
exhaustive
functional
verification and
demonstration of
unit design
compliance with
the specified in
orbit lifetime.
Thermal 5C extension 10C 8 cycles (when 8 cycles with At space element
cycling of acceptance extension of combined with complete level, full
temperature design thermal functional test distribution of
range temperature vacuum, 1 during one hot temperatures 5C
range thermal and one cold extended beyond
vacuum cycle soak design ones,
plus 7 thermal (stabilized) cannot be
cycling cycles) achieved unless
local heating or
cooling is applied.
Local heating or
cooling need to be
decided
depending on the
specific system
under test.
Thermal 5C extension 10C 8 cycles (when 8 cycles with As per Thermal
vacuum of acceptance extension of combined with complete Cycling
temperature design thermal functional test
range temperature vacuum, 1 during one hot
range thermal and one cold
vacuum cycle soak
plus 7 thermal (stabilized)
cycling cycles)
Cryogenic Temperature Temperature 7 thermal 3 thermal Can be combined
test range -85C/- range -85C/- vacuum cycles, vacuum cycles, with Thermal
172C: 172C: plus one plus one Vacuum test
5C extension 5C extension descent to descent to
of predicted of predicted cryogenic cryogenic
temperature temperature temperature temperature
range. range. distribution. distribution.
Temperature Temperature Complete Complete
range -173C/- range -173C/- functional test functional test
232C: 232C: during one hot during one hot
2C extension 2C extension and one cold and one cold
of predicted of predicted soak soak
temperature temperature (stabilized) in (stabilized) in
range. range. thermal thermal
Temperature Temperature vacuum phase, vacuum phase,
range - range - and at and at
232C: 232C: stabilized stabilized
predicted predicted cryogenic cryogenic
temperature temperature temperatures. temperatures.
range range
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Leak 1. x MEOP 1. x MEOP pressure Pressure

maintained for maintained for
30 min as 30 min as
minimum minimum
Proof - Pressure - Pressurized - Minimum hold 5 min as For other

Pressure vessels: structures 1.1 time 5 minutes, minimum, components see
1.25 x MEOP; x MEOP (1,5 x - In case of ECSS-E-32-02
- Pressurized MEOP for cycling load:
structures: Manned 4 times
1.1 x MEOP; Modules); predicted
- Pressure number of
components: product life
1.5 x MEOP. cycles in
sequence or 50
cycles
minimum,
whichever is
greater.
Burst - Pressure None Cycling None For other

Pressure vessels: (2 x MEOP for combined with components see
1.5 x MEOP; Manned proof pressure ECSS-E-32-02
- Pressurized Modules); sequence.
structures: 30 seconds as
1.25 x MEOP minimum and
(1,4 for then until burst
Manned occurs.
Missions);
- Pressure
components:
2.5 x MEOP
(4x MEOP for
lines and
fittings <
38mm)
Life Expected For
environment duration/cycles
or maximum see ECSS-E-33-
operational 01 Mechanisms
load Table 3.
EMC See ECSS E 20-07A Annex A See ECSS E 20-07A Annex A
ESD See ECSS E 20-07A Annex A See ECSS E 20-07A Annex A
NOTE The table does not include tests for some ambient conditions such as humidity and toxic-off gassing because
they are performed exposing the hardware to the environment without margin.
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5.3. Equipment test requirements
5.3.1. Overview
This section addresses the qualification testing requirements applicable to any equipment, whatever is the
project.
In particular, for the mechanical and thermal tests, it proposes standardized values to cover multi-project
utilization (i.e. different launchers and different missions).
When the standardized values are not suitable, this standard specifies criteria for determination of test levels
in terms of margins to be applied.
5.3.1. Equipment qualification test baseline
a) The equipment qualification test baseline shall consist of the tests specified in Table 4 according to the
type of the equipment.
b) Where equipment falls into two or more types of Table 4 the required tests specified for each type shall
be applied.
EXAMPLE A star sensor can be considered to fit both electronic equipment and optical equipment types,
therefore, an EMC test is conducted since it is applicable for electronic equipment, even though there is no requirement
for optical equipment.
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Table 4 Equipment qualification test baseline

Test Reference Recommended Type of equipment
subclause Sequence a b c d e f g h i j k I
Physical properties 5.3.3 1 R R R R R R R R R R R R
a
Functional and 5.3.4 2 R R R R R R R R R - R R
performance
Humidity 5.3.5 3 O O O O O O O O O O O O
g b b
Leak 5.3.6 4,6,11,14 R - R R R R O O - - - -
g b b
Pressure 5.3.7 5 R - R R R R R - - - - -
j j
Acceleration 5.3.8 7 O R O O - O - - R - - O
Sinusoidal vibration 5.3.9 8 R R R R R R R R R R R -
c
Random vibration 5.3.91 9 R R R R R R R R R R R -
c
Acoustic 5.3.92 9 - R - O - - - - - O O R
aja
Shock 5.3.93 10 R O O O O - O O O - R 0
e e
Corona and arcing 5.3.13 12 R R O O O - - - - - - -
i f
Thermal vacuum 5.3.14 13 R R R R R O R R R O R R
k f
Thermal cycling 5.3.96 13 R R R R R O R R R O R O
EMC/ESD 5.3.16 15 R O O O O - O - - - - O
Life l 5.3.17 16 O O O O O O O O O O O O
d
Micro-vibration 5.3.18 17 R R - R R - R - R R R -
h
Audible noise 5.3.19 18 R R - R R - R - - R R -
Types of Equipment
a Electronic and electrical equipment g Thrusters
b Antennas h Thermal equipment
c Batteries i Optical equipment
d Valves j Mechanical equipment
e Fluid or propulsion equipment k Mechanical moving assemblies
F Pressure vessels l Solar arrays
Key
R Required O Optional - Not required
See 5.3.3 f
a
b
Required only on sealed or pressurized equipment.
c
Either random vibration or acoustic test required with other optional.
d
Mission dedicated for in-orbit active mechanical assemblies.
e
To be performed for equipment which is switched on during ascent phase only.
f
Can be combined in thermal vacuum cycling test.
g
Can be combined.
h
Required for equipment for manned space element.
i
Required for equipment exposed to vacuum and sensitive to it.
j
Required for equipment sensitive to the environment and located in zones where the environment is critical.
k
Including temperature test.
l Required for life-limited equipment
NOTE The categorization of tests into required and optional is guided by the sensitivity of the type of the
equipment to the specific environment, by the probability of encountering the environment and project specificity.
5.3.2. Test programme implementation requirements
a) Equipment qualification tests should be accomplished at the equipment level;
NOTE In some circumstances equipment qualification can be conducted partially or entirely at a higher level (e.g.
interconnecting tubes, radio frequency circuits and wiring harness)
b) The test baseline and sequencing shall be tailored to the specific item characteristics for each project,
giving consideration to both the required and optional tests;
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c) Leak tests shall be performed only on sealed or pressurized equipment, where equipment is sensitive to
loss of pressure or vacuum;
d) If the equipment is not fully environmentally protected on the ground and in flight, then a humidity
qualification test shall be performed;
e) Equipment qualification life tests shall be performed if a reliability analysis has shown that such tests are
essential to demonstrate that the equipment can withstand the maximum duration or cycles of operation
without fatigue or wear-out failures;
f) Functional and performance tests shall be performed at the beginning of the test sequence, prior and
following environmental tests and at the end of the test sequence ;
g) Equipment functional tests shall be performed while the environment is being imposed, if the equipment
is expected to be operational under that environment;
h) Electrical equipment, if operated during ascent and descent, shall be powered during the environmental
tests and parameters monitored to detect intermittent or persistent failures during the test, for each axis.
i) The performance and functional tests shall be designed so that a database of critical parameters can be
established for trend analysis;
j) The same critical parameters of the data base shall be measured in all the functional tests conducted
before, during and after each of the baseline environmental tests;
k) Any unusual or unexpected behaviour shall be evaluated to determine the existence of any trends
towards an out of limit value or of an incipient failure;
l) The EGSE or other support systems of the test article shall:
1) not influence the results of EMC tests;
2) have emission at least 6 dB better than the limits applied to the equipments;
3) be immune to signals used for equipment susceptibility tests;
4) be designed to comply with the EEC Directive on EMC (89/336/EEC and appropriate
amendments).
m) The qualification test sequence is given in figure 1 should be followed.
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Figure 1 Equipment qualification test sequence
NOTE The sequencing in Figure 1 is based on a combination of the order in which the environments are
encountered during flight and the purpose to perceive defects as early in the test sequence as possible.
Key
1
These tests can be combined.
2
These tests can be performed sequentially per axis
3
These tests can be combined.
4
Performed for completeness. It can be performed on separate equipment.
5
Equipment for microgravity utilization space element.
6
To be performed for manned space element.
5.3.3. Physical properties measurements, equipment qualification
a) The following physical properties of test articles shall be determined using tools and techniques that
conform to the required accuracy:
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29 January 2008
1. Dimensions of equipment and interfaces;

2. Mass;
3. Centre of gravity with respect to a given coordinate system for three mutually perpendicular axes.
4. Momentum of inertia with respect to the given coordinate system
NOTE: For equipment with simple shapes, the centre of gravity location and momenta of inertia can be determined by
calculation.
b) The test article shall be in flight configuration, unless the flight configuration cannot be reproduced on
ground.
Example: Not removable non-flight items, deployed appendages, and so on.
5.3.4. Functional and performance test, equipment qualification
5.3.4.1. Functional tests
a) Functional tests shall verify the complete function of the equipment, under the specified operating
conditions and in all operational modes.
b) Functional tests shall be performed on all (main and redundant) chains in an equipment
c) Functional tests shall be performed while the environment is being imposed, if the equipment is expected
to be fully operating under that environment (exceptions solar panels and antenna feeds during thermal
vacuum tests).
d) Test parameters shall be varied throughout their specification ranges and the sequences expected in
flight operation;
e) Mechanical tests shall include application of torque, load and motion as specified;
f) Electrical tests shall include application of expected voltages, impedance, frequencies, pulses, and wave
forms at the electrical interface of the equipment, including all redundant circuits.
g) Electrical test shall include the measurement of the electrical properties at the interfaces as specified in
the ICD like power consumption, inrush current, signal characteristics, response time ,
h) A database of critical parameters shall be established for trend analysis;
i) Abbreviated functional tests (AFT) shall be performed between and within environmental test.
j) In AFT tests selected functions shall be performed sufficient to proof the health status of the equipment
5.3.4.2. Performance Tests
a) Performance tests shall verify that the functions of the equipment can be performed with the specified
measurable performance.
b) Performance tests shall be performed on all (main and redundant) chains in equipment.
c) Performance tests shall be performed under the specified environmental conditions.
5.3.5. Humidity test, equipment qualification
The component shall be installed in the chamber and tested in accordance with the following conditions:
a. Pretest Conditions. Keep the chamber temperature at room ambient conditions with uncontrolled
humidity.
b. Cycle 1. Perform the following process:
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1. Increase the temperature to +35 C over a one hour period;
2. Increase the humidity to not less than 95 percent over a one hour period with the
temperature maintained at +35 C,
3. Hold the conditions b.1 and b.2 for two hours.
4. Reduced the temperature to +2 C over a two hour period with the relative humidity
stabilized at not less than 95 percent.
5. Hold condition 4 for two hours.
c. Cycle 2. Repeat the foregoing cycle but increase the temperature from +2 C to +35 C over a two hour
period (moisture is not added to the chamber until +35 C is reached).
d. Cycle 3. Perform the following process:
1. Increase the chamber temperature to +35 C over a two hour period without adding any
moisture to the chamber.
2. Dry the test component with air at room temperature and 50percent maximum relative
humidity by blowing air through the chamber for six hours.
3. Set the volume of air used per minute equal to one to three times the test chamber volume.
NOTE A suitable container can be used in place of the test chamber for drying the test component.
e. Cycle 4. Perform the following process:
1. Place the component in the test chamber and increase the temperature to +35 C;
2. Increase the relative humidity to 90 percent over a one hour period,
3. Maintain conditions e.1 and e.2 for at least one hour.
4. Reduce the temperature to +2 C over a one hour period with the relative humidity stabilized at
90 percent;
5. Maintain conditions e.4 for at least one hour.
6. Follow the drying cycle (Cycle 3).
f. Check the equipment prior to the test and at the end of Cycle 3 (within 2 h after the drying) and visually
inspect for deterioration or damage.
g. Test the equipment functionally during the Cycle 4 period of stability (i.e. following the 1 h-period after
reaching +35 C and 90 % relative humidity conditions).
h. Inspect the equipment visually for deterioration or damage after removal from the chamber.
5.3.6. Leakage test, equipment qualification
a) Leakage tests shall be performed prior to and following the completion of equipment qualification thermal
and mechanical tests.
b) Leakage tests shall be conducted prior to and following proof pressure tests.
c) Leak tests shall be performed with the equipment pressurized at the maximum differential operating
pressure.
d) The leak test method employed shall have sensitivity and accuracy consistent with the equipment
specified maximum allowable leakage rate.
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e) The sensitivity of the leak test, in particular, shall be quantitatively less than the minimum leakage rate to
be detected by a factor of at least two to ensure reliability of measurements.
f) When temperature potentially affects the sealing materials or surfaces, an evaluation of the hardware
design and operational characteristics shall be performed and, if technically warranted, the leak test
conducted at the minimum and maximum qualification temperature limits.
g) If seals are dependent upon differential pressure for proper sealing, leak tests shall be performed with
the equipment pressurized at the maximum operating pressure and at the minimum operating pressure.
5.3.7. Pressure test, equipment qualification
5.3.7.1. Proof pressure
a) The proof pressure test shall be performed applying the margins and the duration as per Table 3 to
demonstrate absence of leakage and permanent deformation.
b) When temperature has a major influence on test validity, the test shall be performed at operational
temperature conditions.
5.3.7.2. Burst Pressure
a) The burst pressure test shall be performed applying the margins as per Table 3 to demonstrate absence
of rupture;
temperature conditions;
c) After burst pressure, no equipment or any of its parts shall be used for further qualification activities or as
flight hardware.
5.3.7.3. Collapse pressure
Collapse pressure test shall be performed for equipment that experience internal vacuum in ambient
pressure environment (e.g. all fluid loops and components during filling) to demonstrate absence of leakage
or permanent deformation.
5.3.8. Constant acceleration test, equipment qualification
a) The equipment shall be mounted to a test fixture through its normal mounting points.
b) The equipment shall be tested in each of three orthogonal axes.
c) When a centrifuge is used, the length of the arm (measured to the geometric centre of the equipment)
shall be at least five times the dimension of the equipment measured along the arm.
d) The test levels and duration for equipment qualification for a specific space element shall be the
expected flight level increased by the qualification margin specified in Table 3.
e) The test levels and duration for generic equipment qualification, independent of the launcher or space
element, shall be 7, 5 g. for 3 min, applied along each axis in both directions.
NOTE The specified accelerations apply to the centre of gravity of the test item.
f) A functional test should be conducted before and after the acceleration test.
5.3.9. Sinusoidal vibration test, equipment qualification
a) Sinusoidal tests shall be conducted in the relevant configurations for all axes.
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b) The induced cross axis accelerations at the attachment points shall be limited to the maximum test levels
specified for the cross axis.
c) Equipment, that operates during launch or other high vibration exposures, shall be operated and
monitored during the test;
d) Any equipment pressurized during ascent shall be tested at the maximum operating pressure and
verified for internal pressure decay.
e) A resonance search shall be performed before and after the sinusoidal vibration test to determine
resonance frequencies to evaluate the item integrity as specified in the table 5.
Table 5 Equipment Resonance search test levels
frequency Level sweep rate

(5 to 2 000) Hz 0,5 g 2 octave per min
f) A functional test shall be conducted before and after sinusoidal tests (or after random vibration, if
performed).
g) Detailed visual checks shall be carried out when functional tests are not performed (e.g. reflectors and
solar panels).
h) The test levels and duration for equipment qualification for a specific space element shall be the
i) The test levels and duration for generic equipment qualification, independent of the launcher or space
element, shall be as specified in Tables 6 and 7.
Note: The tables 6 and 7 include the envelope of the maximum expected spectra increased by the qualification margin.
Table 6 Sinusoidal qualification test levels for equipment

with mass 50 kg
Frequency Level First Frequency > 100 First Frequency 100

Hz Hz
(5 to 21) Hz 11 mm (0 to peak) no notching with notching
(21 to 60) Hz 20 g (0 to peak) no notching With notching
(60 to 100) Hz 6g (0 to peak) no notching With notching
Table 7 Sinusoidal qualification test levels for equipment

with mass > 50 kg
Frequency Level First Frequency > 100 First Frequency 100

Hz Hz
(5 to 15) Hz 11 mm (0 to peak) no notching with notching
(15 to 50) Hz 10 g (0 to peak) no notching with notching
(50 to 80) Hz 6g (0 to peak) no notching with notching
(80 to 100) Hz 3,5 g (0 to peak) no notching with notching
j) For notching, the response at critical locations and the interface loads of equipment shall be limited to
acceleration level definition,
5.3.10. Random vibration test, equipment qualification
a) Random vibration tests shall be conducted in launch configuration for all axes.
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29 January 2008
b) The induced cross axis accelerations at the attachment points shall be limited to the maximum test
levels specified for the cross axis.
c) Equipment, that operates during launch, shall be operated and monitored during the test;
d) Any equipment pressurized during ascent shall be tested at the maximum operating pressure and
verified for internal pressure decay.
e) In order to evaluate the item integrity a resonance search shall be performed before and after the
random vibration test by determining resonant frequencies as specified in the table 5.
f) A functional test shall be conducted before and after random tests (or after sinusoidal vibration, if
performed).
g) Detailed visual checks shall be carried out when functional tests are not performed (e.g. reflectors
and solar panels).
h) The test levels and duration for equipment qualification for a specific space element shall be the
i) The test levels and duration for generic equipment qualification, independent of the launcher or
space element, shall be as specified in Tables 8 and 9.
Note: The tables 8 and 9 include the envelope of the maximum expected spectra increased by a qualification margin.
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Table 8 Random vibration test levels for equipment with mass M 50kg
Location Axis Levels Remark

b
Equipment located Vertical (20 to 100) Hz +3 dB/octave No notching allowed
on external (100 to 300) Hz PSD(M) c =
panel a or with 0,12 g2/Hz (M + 20 kg)/(M + 1 kg)
unknown location (300 to 2 000) Hz -5 dB/octave
Lateral b (20 to 100) Hz +3 dB/octave
(100 to 300) Hz PSD(M) c =
0,05 g2/Hz (M + 20 kg)/(M + 1 kg)
(300 to 2 000) Hz -5 dB/octave
Equipment not All (20 to 100) Hz +3 dB/octave No notching
located on external (100 to 300) Hz PSD(M) = c allowed
panel a 2
0,05 g /Hz (M + 20 kg)/(M + 1 kg)
a
Panel directly excited by payload acoustic environment.
b
Equipment vertical axis = perpendicular to fixation plane
Equipment lateral axis = parallel to fixation plane.
c
M = equipment mass in kg, PSD = Power Spectral Density in g2/Hz.
Table 9 Random vibration test levels for all axes for equipment with mass M >50kg, apogee motors,
tanks, batteries
Frequency Level Remark
(20 to 110) Hz +3 dB/octave Notching allowed
(110 to 700) Hz 0,09 g2/Hz
(700 to 2 000) Hz 3 dB/octave
Total r.m.s. Value : 11.12 g
j) For notching, the response at critical locations and the interface loads of equipment shall be limited
to acceleration level definition and agreed by the customer.
k) For equipment which is designed to be re-flown, the test duration per axis shall be 100 s plus 50 s
per additional flight.
5.3.11. Acoustic test, equipment qualification
a) Acoustic tests shall be conducted in a reverberating chamber, with the equipment in launch
configuration mounted on a test fixture simulating the dynamic flight mounting conditions;
NOTE: Acoustic tests are conducted on equipment with large surfaces which are likely to be susceptible to acoustic
noise excitations, e.g. solar arrays, antennas; for this type of equipment random vibration testing is not performed.
b) The equipment and the test fixture shall be decoupled from chamber floor and wall structure born
vibration;
c) In order to evaluate the item integrity a low level acoustic run (- 8 dB the qual level) shall be performed
before and after the acoustic qualification run by determining resonant frequencies as specified in the
table below.
d) A functional test shall be conducted before and after the acoustic qualification tests.
e) Detailed visual checks shall be carried out when functional tests are not performed (e.g. reflectors and
solar panels).
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f) The test levels and duration for equipment qualification for a specific launcher shall be the expected
flight level increased by the qualification margin specified in Table 3.
g) The test levels and duration for generic equipment qualification, in absence of specific launcher
requirements, shall be as specified in Table 10.
Table 10 Acoustic qualification general test levels

Octaves
Centre frequency Level (dB) ref.
(Hz) 2 10-5 N/m2
31,5 128,8
63,0 134,0
126,0 136,7
252,0 136,3
504,0 134,0
1007,9 126,0
2015,9 121,0
4031,7 116,2
8063,5 112,6
OASPL 141,8
h) For equipment which is designed to be re-flown, the test duration shall be 100 s plus 50 s per additional
flight.
i) Equipment, that operates during launch, shall be operated and monitored during the test;
5.3.12. Shock test, equipment qualification
a) Shock tests shall be conducted in launch configuration
NOTE: The shock tests demonstrate the ability of the equipment to withstand the shocks encountered during the mission,
e.g.: fairing separation, space element separation, booster burn out, apogee boost motor ignition, solar array and
antennas deployment, shocks from landing of reusable elements.
b) The applied shock transient shall provide a simultaneous application of the frequency components as
opposed to a serial application of shock frequency components.
c) Application of shock shall be three times for each axis in both directions,
d) To reduce the number of shock activations, axes and directions may be combined, provided the required
environment is created;
e) Equipment, that operates during launch, shall be operated and monitored during the test;
f) In order to evaluate the item integrity a resonance search shall be performed before and after the shock
testing by determining resonant frequencies as specified in table 5.
g) A functional test shall be conducted before and after the shock tests.
h) Detailed visual checks shall be carried out where functional tests are not performed.
i) The test levels and duration for equipment qualification for a specific space element shall be the
j) The test levels and duration for generic equipment qualification, independent of the launcher or space
element, shall be as specified in Table 11 and 12
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Table 11 Shock qualification test levels for equipment

SRS in plane
Frequency Level
100 Hz 20 g
2000 Hz 2000 g
10000 Hz 2000 g
Table 12 Shock qualification test levels for equipment

SRS out of plane
Frequency Level
100 Hz 20 g
2000 Hz 2000 g
10000 Hz 2000 g
5.3.13. Corona arcing detection, equipment qualification
a) Equipment that is energized during ascent or descent and which is exposed to the critical low pressure
atmosphere shall be monitored for corona and multipacting detection, whilst simulating the launch profile
by reducing the pressure from ambient to 0,1 Pa within 10 min (minimum);
b) Equipment operating at a voltage >500 V, shall be tested for corona arcing, regardless of whether it is
energized during ascent or descent.
5.3.14. Thermal vacuum test, equipment qualification
a) All equipment temperatures shall refer to reference point temperatures
NOTE See 3.1.34.
b) Test methods and test set up shall be defined according to the thermal environment characteristics, the
system thermal design and the equipment itself.
c) The test levels and number of cycles for thermal equipment qualification for a specific space element
shall be the design levels increased by the qualification margin specified in Table 3.
Note: Due to wide range of missions that heavily impact the temperature distribution inside a space element, generic test
levels for equipment qualification cannot be defined.
d) The equipment temperatures shall be defined for the following conditions:
1. minimum and maximum operating qualification,

2. minimum and maximum non-operating qualification, and
3. minimum and maximum start-up.
e) Equipment shall be tested at a pressure of 10-5 hPa or less;
f) The test values shall be increased or decreased by the test tolerances as indicated in Table 1.
g) The equipment shall be tested with a thermal vacuum test sequence performing the following thermal
cycle (see Figure 2 for clarification):
1. Perform initial functional test at ambient conditions (TAMBIENT and PAMBIENT) inside the chamber;
2. Switch-off equipment and start pump-down;
3. At a pressure of less or equal to 10-4 hPa, increase temperature up to the maximum non-operating
level (TNO-max);
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4. Stabilize the temperature at TNO-max according to the stabilization criteria for a dwell time tE;
5. Decrease the temperature to the maximum (hot) start-up level (TSU-high) and then switch-on the
equipment;
6. Decrease the temperature to the high operating temperature (TQ-max) and stabilize it according to the
stabilization criteria for a dwell time tE;
7. Perform functional and performance test after dwell time tE and then switch-off equipment;
8. Decrease the temperature to the minimum non-operating temperature (TNO-min) according to the
temperature rate of change criteria;
9. Stabilize the temperature at TNO-min according to the stabilization criteria for a dwell time tE;
10. Increase the temperature to the minimum (cold) start-up temperature (TSU-low) and then switch-on the
equipment
11. Increase the temperature to the minimum operating level (TQ-min) and stabilize it according to the
stabilization criteria for a dwell time tE;
12. Perform functional and performance test after dwell time tE;
13. Increase temperature and pressure to ambient conditions (TAMBIENT) and perform final functional test;
NOTE Characteristic parameters of thermal vacuum test are specified in Table 14.
14. Apply the temperature rate of change < 20 C/min only to equipment within the space element.
NOTE 1 For equipment outside the space element, higher gradients are specified in the appropriate equipment
specifications.
NOTE 2 Start with hot conditions is recommended to provide for better outgassing. The use of a cold trap can
be necessary for cleanliness reasons.
NOTE 3 The cycle can start with cold conditions if required for functional testing
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Figure 2 Equipment thermal vacuum test sequence
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Table 14 Key and symbols for Figures 2, 3 and 4

Symbol Description
T Test item temperature
TAMBIENT Ambient temperature
TNO-max Maximum non-operating temperature (highest temperature for the equipment to
survive not powered)
TNO-min Minimum non-operating temperature (lowest temperature for the equipment to
survive not powered)
TSU-high Maximum start-up temperature (highest temperature of the equipment, at which the
equipment can be switched on)
TSU-low Minimum start-up temperature (lowest temperature of the equipment, at which the
equipment can be switched on)
TQ-max Maximum qualification temperature (highest temperature at which the equipment
demonstrates full design ability)
TQ-min Minimum qualification temperature (the lowest temperature at which the equipment
demonstrates full design ability)
P Pressure
MODE 1 Functionally inert (test item not energized). Normally applicable to the non-operating
condition.
MODE 2 Partially functioning. Conditions as detailed in applicable specifications, but normally
applicable to conditions during launch.
MODE 3 Fully functioning (test item fully energized and fully stimulated). Normally applicable
to conditions during orbit.
Initial and final functional and performance test
Intermediate reduced functional and performance test
tE Dwell time
Switch-on (Start-up)
Switch-off
Table 15 Thermal vacuum test parameters (qualification)

Parameter Condition / Value
Start cycle Hot (Hot start for outgassing)
n (number of cycles) 1
tE (dwell time at Thot/Tcold) a, b 2h
dT/dt (temperature rate of change) < 20 C/min
Stabilization criteria 1 C/ h (as goal)
a
Thot = TQ-max or TNO-max.
b
Tcold = TQ-min or TNO-min.
h) The equipment shall be subjected to functional and performance test before and after the thermal
vacuum test at ambient conditions;
i) During the remainder of the test, the equipment shall be monitored to detect intermittent or persistent
failures;
j) Monitoring of the RF output for corona shall be conducted during chamber pressure reduction for those
RF units that are energized during launch;
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k) For mechanisms operating in vacuum, a complete verification at the identified worst cases, of the
functional capability shall be included;
l) If thermal gradients play an important role in the functional behaviour of the mechanisms, they shall be
implemented in the test set-up;
m) The force or torque design margin shall be measured at identified worst cases on moving mechanical
assemblies;
n) Internal redundancies shall be tested during the functional cold and hot tests;
o) For equipment with mechanism, the vacuum should be below 10-6 hPa with a target value of 10-8 hPa
pressure;
p) The equipment operative configuration during the test shall be the most severe one from a thermal
point of view.
5.3.15. Thermal cycling test, equipment qualification
a) The equipment shall be mounted in a temperature chamber;
b) Temperatures shall be controlled, measured and selected such that it can be guaranteed that the
test item experiences actual temperatures equal to or beyond the minimum and maximum
qualification temperatures;
c) The qualification temperature limits shall be in accordance with subclause 5.3.15.
d) The equipment shall be tested in the thermal cycling test sequence performing eight thermal cycles,
as shown in Figure 3.
NOTE Characteristic parameters of the thermal cycling test are given in Table 15.
e) The test sequence shall be as per thermal vacuum test, subclause 5.3.15, but in ambient.
Table 16 Thermal cycling test parameters (qualification)

Start cycle Hot
Stabilization criterion 1 C/h
a
Thot = TQ-max or TNO-max.
b
Tcold = TQ-min or TNO-min.
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Figure 3 Equipment thermal cycling test sequence
f) The equipment shall be subjected to functional test before and after the thermal cycling test at
ambient temperature;
g) Functional and performance tests shall be performed at the minimum and maximum operating
temperature levels during the first and the last cycles;
h) During the remainder of the test, the equipment shall be monitored to detect intermittent or persistent
failures, to the maximum extent possible;
i) Compatibility of valves or propulsion equipment with their operational fluids shall be verified at test
temperature extremes during thermal cycling tests. A substitute propellant can be used to ensure
operation (open or close) of propulsion units.
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.
Figure 4 Equipment thermal vacuum cycling test sequence
j) For equipment operating in vacuum, the thermal vacuum and thermal cycling tests may be
combined;
k) For the thermal vacuum cycling test the parameters defined in Table 16 shall apply;
l) Test conditions shall conform to Table 1;
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5.3.16. EMC and ESD test, equipment qualification
a) The EMC tests shall be performed in accordance with ECSS E 20-07A para. 5.4 and Annex A;
b) The ESD tests shall be performed in accordance with ECSS E 20-07A para. 5.4 and Annex A;
c) The emission of the EGSE shall be at least 6 dB better than the limits applied to the equipments.
d) The EGSE shall be immune to signals used for equipment susceptibility tests.
5.3.17. Life test, equipment qualification
a) The test shall be designed to demonstrate the ability of the equipment to withstand the maximum
operating time and the maximum number of predicted operational cycles during the product lifetime,
Note: This test is performed on life-limited items (equipment) or part of it
b) The item shall be set up to operate under the environments affecting the life time;
NOTE: Environments include e.g. acceleration, ambient, thermal, thermal vacuum, various combinations
of these;
c) The test item shall be either selected at random from production lot or a qualification item.
d) The demonstration of the lifetime of a mechanism shall be performed in the appropriate environment,
using the sum of the predicted nominal ground actuations and the in orbit actuations plus the
qualification margins as per Table 3.
NOTE 1: As actuation, a full output cycle or a full revolution of the mechanism is defined.
NOTE 2: For equipment having a relatively low percentage duty cycle, it can be acceptable to compress
the operational duty cycle to reduce the total test duration;
NOTE 3: For equipment that operate continuously in orbit, or at very high percentage duty cycles,
accelerated test techniques can be employed if such an approach can be shown to be valid.
e) Performances shall be monitored continuously or at regular intervals.
f) All the components of an actuation chain (motor, bearing, gear, ..) shall be submitted to the same
number of actuations.
5.3.18. Microvibration generated environment test, equipment qualification
a) The following measurements shall be performed:
i. mechanical impedance of the test set-up for later system correlation;
ii. interface dynamic forcing functions of the disturbance source ; and
iii. the equipment induced total sound power level (LWT), for manned systems.
b) The test article shall be in its nominal operational configuration similar to the on-orbit operational
conditions;
5.3.19. Audible noise test, equipment qualification
a) The following measurements shall be performed:
i. the equipment sound power level transmitted via airborne,
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ii. the equipment sound power level induced by vibration through the mounting
structure,
NOTE The total sound power delivered by the equipment is the sum of two contributions: the sound power
transmitted to the space element via airborne transmission path and via the mounting structure
iii. the interface dynamic forcing functions of the disturbance source;
b) The equipment shall be operated during airborne and structure borne noise measurements with the
same modes as during the mission phases of the manned space element.
c) The noise level and exposure time shall be given for each operational mode of the equipment;
5.3.19.1. Equipment airborne sound pressure measurement
a) The equipment sound power measurements shall be performed in accordance with the guidelines
given in ISO 3740:2000.
b) The sound power level shall be converted into cabin pressure level.
5.3.19.2. Equipment structure-borne noise measurement
a) The sound power levels shall be converted into cabin pressure levels;
b) The equipment interface disturbance force levels shall be measured both directly and indirectly.
5.3.20. Microvibration Susceptibility, equipment qualification
a) The test article shall be in its nominal operational configuration similar to the on-orbit operational
conditions;
b) The performance parameters shall be measured when subjected to the maximum predicted
microvibration environment as per Table 3.
5.4. Subsystem test requirements
a) The subsystem qualification shall include both functional and performance testing;
Note: Subsystem testing depends on subsystem type, on project characteristics and verification approach; therefore
subsystem testing is either performed in isolation at subsystem level or at system level.
b) A flight representative environment (hardware and software) shall be used;
c) For the qualification completion of structures and thermal control subsystems, environmental testing
shall be performed.
NOTE: Environmental qualification tests are conducted at subsystem level when this level of testing provides a more
realistic or more practical test simulation (e.g. qualification of optical and telecommunication payloads).
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5.5. Element test requirements
a) Element level testing shall be performed on space elements of a space system together with its
external interfaces.
Note: When it is not feasible to test a product as a single entity, (e.g. due to its size it can exceed the capacity of a test
facility), major assemblies, modules or stages of the product can be tested separately,
b) The effects of constituents, which are interacting on the element level, but which are not present
during these tests, shall be included with the support of simulators.
c) The space elements qualification test baseline shall consist of the tests specified in Table 17;
NOTE: other special tests can be performed depending upon the project characteristics and product lifetime cycle.
Table 17 Space element qualification test baseline

Test Reference Recommended Space
subclause sequence element
Optical alignment 5.5.2.5 1a R
Functional and performance 5.5.6.1, 5.5.6.2 2a R
HFE 5.5.7.4 3 Rf
Physical properties 5.5.2.4 4 R
Pressure 5.5.2.1 5 R
Leakage 5.5.2.2 6a R
Boost pressure profile 5.5.2.3 7 O
Modal survey 5.5.1.7 8c O
EMC 5.5.5.1 9 R
PIM 5.5.5.2 9 R
Shock 5.5.1.6 10 R
Static 5.5.1.2 11 R
Spin 5.5.1.3 12 R
Acoustic 5.5.1.4 13 b Rb
Random vibration 5.5.1.5.3 13 b Rb
Sinusoidal vibration 5.5.1.5.2 14 c O
Transient 5.5.1.5.4 14 c O
Thermal balance 5.5.3.2 16 d R
Thermal Vacuum 5.5.3.1 17 d R
Toxic off-gassing 5.5.7.1 18 Rf
Aero-thermodynamics 5.5.4 19 R
Magnetic field 5.5.5.3 20 R
Mission simulation 5.5.6.3 21 e R
Audible noise 5.5.7.2 22 Rf
Micro-vibration 5.5.7.3 22 Rf
R Required
O Optional. The optional tests can be considered as required tests, as determined from considerations
of design features, required lifetime, environmental exposure, and expected usage.
a
At the start and end of the sequence and before and after environmental tests.
b
Acoustic or random vibration test. For a small compact space element, acoustic testing does not
provide adequate environmental simulation, and random vibration can replace the acoustic test;
c
Transient combined with modal survey can replace sinusoidal vibration.
d
Can be combined.
e
Can be combined with functional and performance tests at the end of the sequence.
f
For manned element.
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d) The SFT shall be performed at the start and end of the test campaign;
e) The AFT shall be conducted before and after each environmental test, providing the criteria for
judging successful survival of the space element in a given test environment;
f) The AFT shall be performed during thermal tests, i.e. while the environment is being imposed;
g) During acoustic, vibration and shock tests the element shall be in an operating mode
representative of launch and ascent phases;
h) Alignment requirements shall be verified throughout the whole test campaign, to keep track of
any degradation or to ensure that variation of equipment alignment in relationship with the
reference axes remains within the specified limits;
i) All deployable items shall be subjected to deployment tests to verify the correct functioning of
deployment mechanisms after integration and environmental exposures;
5.5.1. Structural qualification tests
5.5.1.1. General
a) The structural qualification tests detailed below shall be complemented with functional tests,
alignment checks, visual inspections and leak tests;
b) If the space element has propellant storage tanks these shall be at least mass representative during
testing.
NOTE: Simulated propellant can be used.
5.5.1.2. Static load tests
The test levels to be applied shall be derived from the limit loads multiplied by the qualification factor, as
specified in Table 3;
NOTE: Static load test can be performed at a not fully functional element, e.g. at a structure model level
5.5.1.3. Spin test
a) If flight operations include a spin that impose acceleration levels of 2 g or more to any part of the
space element, a spin test shall be performed;
b) The spin test shall envelop the flight spin rate multiplied by the qualification factor, as specified in
Table 3.
5.5.1.4. Acoustic test
a) Acoustic tests shall be conducted in a reverberating chamber, with the equipment in launch
configuration mounted on a test fixture simulating the dynamic flight mounting conditions;
b) Equipment, that operates during launch, shall be operated and monitored during the test;
c) The test fixture shall be decoupled from chamber floor and wall structure born vibration;
d) The test levels for element qualification for a specific launcher shall be the expected flight level
increased by the qualification margin specified in Table 3.
e) The test duration shall be that specified in Table 3;
f) In order to evaluate the item integrity a low level acoustic run (-8 dB the qual level) shall be
performed before and after the acoustic qualification run by determining resonant frequencies.
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5.5.1.5. Vibration tests
5.5.1.5.1. General
a) The vibration tests shall be conducted in the relevant configurations.
b) Space element equipped with apogee or retro motors shall be tested for the vibration environment of
the motor if
a. the environment is not enveloped by the launch boost environment; or
b. the configuration during the apogee or retro motor burn is different from the launch
configuration
c) Equipment that operates during launch or other high vibration exposures shall be operated and
monitored during the test;
d) A resonance search shall be performed before and after the vibration tests to determine resonance
frequencies to evaluate the item integrity as specified in the Table 18.
Table 18 Space Element Resonance search test levels
Frequency Level sweep rate

(5 to 2 000) Hz 0,1 g 2 octave per min
e) A functional test shall be conducted before and after vibration tests.
f) For notching, the response at critical locations and the interface loads of the element shall be limited
to acceleration level definition.
5.5.1.5.2. Sinusoidal vibration tests
a) Sinusoidal vibrations shall cover the three mutually orthogonal directions
b) The test levels, duration and frequency range shall be as specified in Table 3, unless specified in the
launcher manual.
5.5.1.5.3. Random vibration tests
a) Random excitations shall cover the three mutually orthogonal directions, one being parallel to the
thrust axis;
b) The test levels and duration shall be as specified in Table 3, unless specified in the launcher manual.
NOTE: Random tests may be waived if acoustic tests are performed that envelop all critical environments and if this is in
agreement with the launcher users manual.
5.5.1.5.4. Transient tests
a) The transient excitation signals shall be derived from the space element and launcher loads coupled
dynamic analysis (LCDA);
b) The modal survey shall verify the space element mathematical model.
NOTE Although transient test methods are fairly advanced, a number of problems with respect to uncertainties
resulting from the analytical process on the test input functions and statistical variations are still to be resolved. Transient
tests can relatively easily replace longitudinal tests, but experience is very limited in lateral testing.
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5.5.1.6. Shock test
a) Separation shock tests shall be conducted by actuating the pyrotechnic devices and then verifying
the separation,
b) Shocks induced by release or latching of appendages shall be tested by actuating the relevant
devices and then verifying for correct functionality;
c) Other explosive devices and other potentially significant shock-producing devices or events,
including those from sources not installed on the space element under test, shall be activated or
simulated;
NOTE Significant shock sources are those that induce a shock response spectrum at any equipment location that is
within 6 dB of the envelope of the shock response spectra from all shock sources.
d) A functional test shall be conducted before and after shock tests in order to verify that no damage
was induced.
e) A visual inspection shall be performed to verify that no damage was induced.
f) Activation of both primary and redundant devices inducing shock shall be carried out in the same
sequence as they are intended to be operated;
g) Equipment operating during the shock phases shall be operated and monitored during the test.
5.5.1.7. Modal survey
a) The modal survey shall be conducted on a structural model.
NOTE: The criteria of success, if any, are defined in the ECSS E-30-11-A.
NOTE: Modal survey tests are performed to identify dynamic characteristics such as the natural frequency, mode shapes,
effective and generalized mass and modal damping.
b) The results of a modal survey shall be used:
1. to check whether any natural frequencies fall into an undesirable range,
2. to correlate the mathematical model.
5.5.2. Structural integrity
5.5.2.1. Pressure test
Pressure tests shall be performed on prototype (qualification models), protoflight and flight items as follow:
a) pressurize the respective subsystems to proof pressure for at least 5 min;
b) verify that the proof pressure is 150 % of the maximum design pressure;
c) reduce the pressure to the maximum design pressure;
5.5.2.2. Leakage test
a) Leakage tests shall be performed by pressurizing the system to its maximum design pressure
b) All lines, joints and fittings shall be checked for leaks, as assembled in the space element; when
flight hardware full configuration preclude accessibility to potential leak path, leak tests can be
conducted on subassy, as agreed with the Customer
c) Method for checking leaks shall be selected following equipment level rules.
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d) The flight element shall be pressurized to proof pressure and held until all strain and deflection data
are recorded, and then shall be reduced to the maximum design pressure.
e) Inspection for leakage after the proof test shall be at no less than 14.7 psid.
f) The duration of the evacuated propulsion system leak test shall not exceed the time that this
condition is normally experienced during propellant loading.
NOTE: The elementlevel internal proof pressure and leak tests are only applicable to flight elements with pressurized
internal volumes.
5.5.2.3. Boost pressure profile test
a) The tests shall be conducted by exposing the test article in the launch and re-entry configuration,
respectively, to the pressure profile simulating the analytically determined launch and re-entry
histories;
NOTE The test article can be a protoflight, prototype, or a structural model provided all pressure sensitive
components are representative of the flight hardware.
b) A protoflight unit shall not be subjected to a boost pressure profile test more than once;
c) The pumping capability of the test facility shall maintain the pressure within the specified limits at all
times.
5.5.2.4. Physical properties measurements
a) The principal configurations should be the launch and orbit insertion configurations;
NOTE Depending upon the mission profile other configurations can be used.
b) The tolerances should be the minimum values specified in either Table 1 or in the launcher users
manual;
c) The measurements shall be made using precision scales and balancing benches;
NOTE Launch configuration balance requirements are stated in the launcher users manual.
Table 19 Tolerances for physical properties

Physical property Tolerance
Mass 0,25 %
Centre of gravity location 10 mm
Moments of inertia (w.r.t. space element centre of 2,5 %
gravity)
d) For a large space element, element parameters may be calculated from component measurements
providing the specified accuracy can be met;
e) Spin balance tests shall be used for spin stabilized systems;
f) If spin balance tests are specified with an empty tank, a correlation with the analytical model (tank
full) shall be performed.
NOTE Operational spin balance requirements vary widely depending on the mission profile and rate of spin;
therefore, specific balance requirements and procedures are stated in the space element specifications.
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5.5.2.5. Optical alignment
The measurements, conducted in a suitable optical alignment facility, shall be performed prior and
subsequent to all environmental tests that can affect the alignment, such as thermal vacuum and vibration
tests, or after transports.
5.5.3. Thermal qualification tests
5.5.3.1. Thermal vacuum test
a) The test set-up and test modes shall be selected, in order to achieve the test temperatures within the
specified stability and duration.
b) The set-up shall ensure that outgassing does not contaminate the space element.
c) All mission phases operational conditions, and the applicable operational sequences shall be tested
by running through a complete cycling of all equipment, including redundant equipment and paths.
d) In case heat pipes are used, the test set-up shall ensure that the horizontality requirements are
achieved.
e) Functional tests shall include test of redundancies, at least once at hot and cold temperatures;
f) Functional tests shall be performed as a minimum in the first and the last temperature cycle at hot
and cold cases temperatures.
g) Cold (and as applicable Hot) switch on capabilities shall be demonstrated;
h) All equipments temperatures shall be monitored.
i) Monitoring of the RF output for corona shall be conducted during chamber pressure reduction for
those RF equipment that are energized during launch;
j) During the remainder of the test, the space element shall be monitored to detect intermittent or
persistent failures;
k) The pressure during the test shall be maintained 10-5 hPa;
l) Test profile, test configuration, number of cycles, extreme temperatures, soak duration,
functional/electrical/performance tests to be performed and success criteria shall be defined in the
test specification for agreement between Supplier and Customer.
m) Test levels and number of cycles shall be as per table 3.
n) Space element test levels shall be such that for all equipments the temperatures achieved are
between the TCS design temperatures and the equipment qualification temperatures.
o) The space element shall be tested with a test sequence as follows (see Figure 5 for clarifications);
1. Perform initial functional test at ambient conditions (TAMBIENT and PAMBIENT);
2. Chamber closing after TRR;
3. Put the space element in launch mode and start pump-down;
4. At a pressure of less or equal to 10-4 hPa, put the space element in operational mode and increase
temperature up to the maximum operating level (TO-max);
5. Stabilize the temperature at TO-max according to the stabilization criteria for a dwell time tE;
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7. Only during the first cycle put the space element in launch mode and decrease the temperature to
the minimum start up temperature and do a cold start;
8. Regulate the temperature to the minimum operating temperature (TO-min) according to the
temperature rate of change criteria;
9. Stabilize the temperature at TO-min according to the stabilization criteria for a dwell time tE;
11. Cycle the space element between TO-max and TO-min until the number of cycles specified;
12. Increase temperature and pressure to ambient conditions (TAMBIENT);
13. Perform final functional test;
14. Open chamber after PTR.
Between maximum
TCS design and
maximum equipment
qualification
temperature
Tambient
Between minimum
TCS design and
minimum equipment
Funct. Funct.
qualification Tests
Tests
temperature
t
(time)
P
Pambient
10-5 hPa
cryo-surface operation
Figure 5 Schematic thermal vacuum test sequence
Table 20 Thermal vacuum test parameters (Qualification)

Start cycle Hot (Hot start to accelerate
outgassing)
n (number of cycles) See Table 2
tE (dwell time at TO-max/TO-min) 2 h as a miminum
dT/dt (temperature rate of change) < 20 C/min for equipment
Stabilization criteria 1 C/h
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5.5.3.2. Thermal balance test
a) The space element shall be placed in a thermal vacuum chamber capable of simulating the thermal
and vacuum environments expected during the mission;
b) The thermal state of the space element shall be obtained by simulating the incident radiation (with the
help of radiation sources producing the solar and albedo radiation spectra and intensities); and
simulating the heat absorbed by the space element;
NOTE: The test is also used to validate the analytical thermal model of the space element.
c) The space element shall be instrumented with temperature measuring devices located at critical
components and key thermal nodes to allow for the analytical thermal model correlation;
d) The two extreme conditions described below shall, as a minimum, be simulated and evaluated:
1. hot case, i.e. maximum absorbed heat combined with maximum internal power dissipation; and
2. cold case, i.e. minimum absorbed heat combined with minimum internal power dissipation;
NOTE Test conditions and durations for this test depend strongly on the mission profile, the space element
characteristics and on the validation criteria of the analytical thermal model.
e) Success criteria for the thermal balance test shall be:
1. a demonstration of satisfactory operation of the space element within the specified temperature
limits; and
2. a satisfactory degree of correlation between temperature measurements and thermal model

predictions
NOTE See ECSS E-31A
5.5.4. Electromagnetic qualification tests
5.5.4.1. Electromagnetic compatibility tests
The space element shall be subjected to electromagnetic susceptibility and emission tests, specified in the
ECSS E 20-07A para. 5.3 and Annex A:
a) launch configuration;
b) re-entry configurations, if applicable; and
c) most critical and sensitive operational modes as defined by analysis.
5.5.4.2. Passive Intermodulation tests
a) A test shall be performed for each of the cases identified in the ECSS-E-20B where an intermodulation
product falls inside a receive band.
b) Tests shall be carried out on the flight hardware in the same configuration as it will be in during
operational use.
c) The power of the RF test signals shall be at least as high as those used during nominal operation.
d) The tests shall be carried out at the temperature ranges the particular components will be exposed to
during operation.
e) The duration of each test case shall be at least 4 hours at operational power levels.
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f) The space system shall be deemed to have successfully passed the passive intermodulation
performance requirement if criteria defined in ECSS-E-20B are met.
5.5.4.3. Magnetic field measurements
The magnetic field measurements shall determine the permanent, induced, and stray magnetic moments of
the space element, and demonstrates conformance to magnetic cleanliness requirements.
NOTE If there are no stringent magnetic cleanliness requirements, verification by analysis is sufficient.
5.5.5. Functional qualification tests
5.5.5.1. Mechanical functional tests
a) Mechanical functional tests shall verify the mechanical functions of the space element (,(e.g.
mechanisms, deployables, valves and other mechanical devices) under the specified operating
conditions
b) For all mechanical operations that will be disturbed by Earths gravity field, suitable ground support
fixtures shall be employed to enable operation and evaluation of the devices;
c) If items cannot be tested at element level (e.g. solar arrays) the mechanical functional test shall be
performed at subsystem level;
d) Mechanical functional tests shall be performed prior and subsequent to environmental tests and if
specified, during environmental tests.
5.5.5.2. Electrical functional tests
a) During the electrical functional tests, all components shall be operated, including redundant equipment
and paths;
NOTE Pyrotechnic devices can be replaced by simulators that can be energized and monitored.
b) All commands and telemetry parameters shall be tested in accordance with the actual database that is
used to operate the space element;
c) Preconditioned commands shall be demonstrated that they are not performed unless the relevant
preconditions are met;
d) Autonomous functions shall be verified that they are performed only when the conditions for which they
are designed are present;
e) Autonomous lockout or shutdown sequences shall be verified to ensure that they do not adversely
affect other system operations during or subsequent to the intended lockout or shutdown;
f) Electrical functional test shall follow a bottom up approach starting at integration of an element until
complete system operation
g) Electrical functional tests shall be performed before and after all environmental tests and if specified
during all environmental tests;
h) At least one complete set of electrical functional tests shall be run at both the minimum and maximum
bus voltage level;
i) The functional verification should include negative logic verification to assure that no function other
than the intended function is performed and no spurious signals or effects are present;
j) Actual tests of pyrotechnic devices may be conducted at equipment or component levels
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k) The functional verification of the space element shall be performed by system functional tests (SFT)
and abbreviated functional tests (AFT)
l) The SFT and AFT should be designed to verify that the performance of the space element conforms
with the specification requirements for correct operation in all operational modes, including back-up and
degraded modes, and all transients;
m) All the space element communication links shall be tested altogether, in a representative operational
way, with a simulated communication environment.
Note: This includes test of cross strapping and all redundancies. It also includes the TM/TC if the frequency used may
lead to interference. It can be combined with the RF autocompatibility test.
n) The SFT activities should follow the expected mission sequence, properly involving the interested
functions, with the element correct configuration for the particular mission phase;
Note: see clause 5.5.7.3
o) The SFT shall be performed at the beginning and at the end of the test campaign.
p) The AFT shall be able to proof the health status of the space element.
q) The AFT shall be conducted before and after each environmental test, providing the criteria for judging
successful survival of the space element in a given test environment;
r) A database of critical elements shall be established to get trend analyses of critical parameters during
all tests over the AIT life cycle, in order to point out any degradation or trends which can indicate a
potential failure.
5.5.5.3. Mission simulation tests
a) During a mission simulation qualification test, the space element shall be put through the critical and
main operations of the entire mission profile, within the constraints of what can be simulated on ground,
with the events occurring in the actual flight sequence,
Note: For example : final count-down, launch, ascent, separation, switch-on, early orbital operations, apogee motor
operations, commissioning, mission operations, maneuvers and return operations.
b) During a mission contingency simulation qualification test, the space element shall be put through the
critical and main contingency operations of the entire mission profile, within the constraints of what can
be simulated on ground,
Note: The critical and main contingency operations are for example those when the space element is or could be in
danger, which are time critical, to recover from a safe mode, to reconfigure the space element after a major failure
c) The space element shall be kept uninterrupted ON during at least 36 hours.
5.5.6. Manned space element specific tests
5.5.6.1. Toxic offgassing test
a) The toxic gas test shall be performed in thermal chamber;
b) The test article shall be heated and maintained in temperature conditions, while the emitted gasses and
vapours are detected;
c) Appropriate toxic gas markers shall be used on the basis of the materials composing the test article.
5.5.6.2. Audible noise test
a) Measured values shall not be higher than NC 50 for Annoyance and Voice Communication
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b) Noise levels shall be lower than 80 db(A) as equivalent level over 24 hours.
c) After a background noise measurement, the noise emission during space element operation shall be
measured in the worst case emission conditions;
d) Cabin reverberation time (T60) shall not exceed 0,5 s 0,1s at 500 hz (Octave center frequency).
5.5.6.3. Micro-vibration test
a) After a background noise measurement, the Micro-vibration environment induced by all activated
disturbers during space element operation shall be measured;
b) Equipment internal (in case of payload elements) self-induced vibration responses and transfer
functions.
5.5.6.4. Human factor engineering (HFE) tests
The HFE tests shall be performed to demonstrate accessibility, man-machine interface and crew operability.
NOTE The test verifies requirements related to human factor engineering.
5.5.7. Aero-thermodynamic tests
The tests shall be performed on dedicated scaled models in wind tunnels for different conditions (e.g. hot
and cold hypersonic, low supersonic and subsonic).
NOTE: The aero-thermodynamic test verifies the aerodynamic and thermal loads on the space element performing re-
entry.
5.6. Overall System qualification test
5.6.1. General
a) Overall System qualification tests shall cover those aspects relevant to the interrelationship between two
or more elements which constitute the system (i.e. space element, launcher and ground segment) and
the interface with other systems.
b) Qualification system tests shall be performed for each new system, under customer responsibility, even
if the constituent elements are already qualified or are protoflight models.
Note 1: For subsequent space elements of a series, system acceptance tests are sufficient.
Note 2: The elements involved cannot be complete models as long as they are representative of the interfaces to be
tested. They involve generally several suppliers and the customer (including the control centre as relevant) called here
the parties.
c) All space element stimuli required during the execution of a System Test shall be applied by the space
element supplier in accordance with the test procedures.
d) During a System Test, the space element supplier shall remain responsible for the safety of the space
element.
Note: E.g. the space element supplier monitors the space element locally in real time for unexpected behavior to ensure
an appropriate (function and timeliness) reaction either locally or at the level of the control centre.
c) Space element data formats during on-ground testing shall be the same as during flight.
d) The space element TM/TC database shall be a GSE compatible version of the actual flight database.
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5.6.2. Space element launcher interface verification test
The interface between the space element and the launcher shall be tested, with the involvement of both
suppliers, under customer responsibility, using elements or subset of elements representative of the
interfaces to be tested, under realistic conditions, to verify the related system requirements.
Note: Example of related system requirements are interrelationship between two elements like mechanical, electrical or
data interfaces (e.g. clampband release test, space element-launcher fit check). Other tests related to launch
environment are described in the section 5.5 related to space elements.
5.6.3. LEOP and routine operations interface test
The interface between the LEOP control centre and the routine operation control centre shall be tested in
term of data exchange and validated in term of operations, with the involvement of both suppliers, under the
customer responsibility, using elements or subset of elements representative of the interfaces to be tested
under realistic conditions.
Note: If the same control centre does the LEOP and routine operations this requirement is irrelevant.
5.6.4. External interface test
The system external interface between the control centre and the external partners shall be tested in term of
data exchange and validated in term of operations, with the involvement of both suppliers, under the
customer responsibility, using elements or subset of elements representative of the interfaces to be tested
under realistic conditions.
5.6.5. Listen-in and recording test
a) A subset of the actual space element telemetry data, generated during space element integration and
test shall be recorded and transmitted, under the customer responsibility, in real time to allow the control
centre to perform listen-in test at various development stage.
b) A subset of the actual on board originating payload data, generated during space element integration
and test shall be recorded, under the customer responsibility, to allow the control centre to play back
recorded data at various development stages.
Note: This requirement does not ask for testing data having been repeated through a transponder.
5.6.6. Communication compatibility test
The objective of the Communication (including RF) compatibility test is to establish confidence that the uplink
and downlink characteristics of the space element and of the ground stations, to be used during the launch
and early orbit phase (LEOP) and operational phase of the mission, are compatible in terms of their RF
characteristics and data flow.
a) The interface between the space element and each of the different type of ground station shall be tested,
with the involvement of both suppliers, under the customer responsibility, using elements or subset of
elements representative of the interfaces to be tested under realistic conditions.
Note: This is generally achieved through the tests defined hereafter. If two ground stations have the same design, the
test does not need to be duplicated.
b) each ground station shall be tested with the space element SUITCASE model for verifying correct TM
reception, TC commanding and ranging.
c) The SUITCASE shall be representative of the RF receiver and transmitter (including ranging) as well as
the data handling part involved in the TM/TC protocol.
Note: Suitcase representativity is generally achieved with non-redundant EM equipment for the RF part and breadboard
for the data handling part running the flight software with the correct space element identifier. RF frequency
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representativity can be limited to only the frequencies of the first space element of a series. Antennas gain and
transmission loss are simulated through a variable attenuator.
d) During the payload communication compatibility test, a representative subset of the ground station (front
end) shall be tested with the space element for correct data reception of on board originating payload
data.
Note: Interface may be at intermediate frequency (IF) level. Antennas gain and transmission loss generally do not need
to be representative. This requirement does not ask for testing data which have been repeated through a transponder.
5.6.7. System Validation Test (SVT)
a) The System Validation Test (SVT) shall be performed, under the customer responsibility, with the
involvement of the space element and control center suppliers, using an integrated space element.
Note 1: The Qualification System Validation Test is the first occasion to operate the Control Centre in
conjunction with the Space element, thus enabling a most representative end-to-end validation of these parts
of the system. Operational scenarios increase confidence prior to launch that the planned operations from
the control centre are appropriate and will fulfil monitoring and control requirements.
Note 2: It can be done using an EM or QM space element and a preliminary version of the ground segment.
b) During System Validation Test (SVT), the space element and operational control centre shall be
connected together to verify end to end the space element telecommanding and telemetry chains, the
TM/TC database, the TM/TC data processing including the Human Machine Interface (HMI) aspects and
a subset of the Flight Operation Plan (FOP), to the extent required for the operations of the control
centre.
Note: The subset of the Flight Operation Plan (FOP) is generally for the main and critical operations. They can need to
be adapted to cope with constraints of the space element operation on ground. Terrestrial communication lines are
generally used to avoid element transportation.
c) The System Validation Test (SVT) shall be conducted from each of the control centre which is using
different design, to the extent required for the operations of this control centre.
Note: This implies that it doesnt have to be conducted from a backup centre duplicating the prime centre.
d) The System Validation Test (SVT) shall be executed only after a successful execution of a listen-in test
and a TM/TC communication compatibility test using validated SVT procedures.
Note: SVT procedures are generally validated through test using the control centre connected to a space element
simulator.
5.6.8. Operational scenario tests
a) Operational scenario tests shall be performed with the involvement of all ground systems, operational
personnel and successfully tested operational data (e.g. databases, procedures).
Note: When a simulator is used instead of the space element its accuracy must be sufficient to allow performing the
operations in a representative manner.
b) During a mission operational scenario test, the space element shall be operated by the control centre,
through the critical and main nominal operations of the entire mission profile, with the events occurring in
the actual flight sequence, according to the Flight Operation Plan (FOP).
Note: For example : final count-down, launch, ascent, separation, switch-on, early orbital operations, apogee motor
operations, commissioning, mission operations, manoeuvres and return operations.
c) During dedicated scenario tests, the critical and main contingency operation of the space element shall
be exercised from the control centre, according to the Flight Operation Plan (FOP).
Note: The critical and main contingency operations are for example those when the space element is or could be in
danger, which are time critical, to recover from a safe mode, to reconfigure the space element after a major failure
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5.6.9. Overall qualification system test documentation
a) For each system test, the details of the working arrangements between the parties and the test itself
shall be defined in test specification (see annex B) for approval by all parties.
Note: Restrictions due to the setup have to be clearly identified and communicated to all parties in advance.
b) Each system test shall be executed according to test procedures (see annex C) approved by all parties
prior to the Test Readiness Review (TRR).
Note: The template of the test procedure related to the flight operational plan (FOP) may be imposed by the control
centre.
c) The result of each System Test shall be documented in a test report (as per ECSS-10-02B) for
submission to the Verification Control Board (VCB) and to the reviews identified in ECSS-10-02B annex
A.
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6. Acceptance testing
6.1. Acceptance testing objectives
a) Acceptance testing shall be performed on each flight product to confirm the readiness of an item for
delivery and subsequent usage.
b) Acceptance testing shall be conducted on flight models as defined in ECSS E-10-02B.
c) Test facilities, tools and instrumentation shall not affect the acceptance objectives.
6.2. Acceptance test levels and duration
a) The acceptance environmental conditions shall not stress the hardware to more severe conditions than
those expected to occur during the product lifetime.
b) The acceptance test levels shall cover the maximum levels encountered during product lifetime
increased by an acceptance margin.
c) The test duration shall not degrade the item and be analytically used in the product lifetime of the item
itself.
d) Acceptance testing levels and duration shall not create conditions that exceed applicable design safety
margins.
e) Acceptance testing levels and duration, in combination with other parameters, e.g. test set up,
operational modes, shall not create conditions that can lead to unrealistic failures;
f) The acceptance test margin for levels and duration specified in Table 21, with the indication of the
applicability to equipment or space element levels, shall be applied.
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Table 21 Acceptance test levels and duration

Test Levels Duration My remarks
Equipment Space Equipment Space
element element
Sine None none None None Not applicable to
vibration acceptance
Random Limit Load Limit Load 1 min on each 1 min on each The duration of the
vibration spectrum (PSD spectrum (PSD orthogonal orthogonal acoustic load, which
values) values) axis axis is the main driver for
random loads, is in
the range of 10 to 15
sec. 1minute test
duration is needed
from statistical
reasons. All above is
margin.
Acoustic Maximum Maximum 1 min 1 min
expected expected
acoustic acoustic
spectrum spectrum
Shock Maximum 1 activation 3 shocks in 1 activation The number of shock
expected with no margin both directions activations can be
shock imposed (Note: e.g. for reduced by
spectrum half sine shock combining axes and
test) of 3 directions, provided
orthogonal the required
axes or 3 SRS environment is
(Note: e.g. for generated
Shogun or
ringing plate
test)
Microvibratio Maximum As needed for
n predicted level equipment
susceptibilit characterizati
y on
Acceleration None none None None Not applicable to
acceptance
Static load 1.1 x the limit Not applicable As needed to Not applicable
load (Note: record data
applicable for
structures and
structure
components,
test not applied
for equipment
(e.g. boxes,
batteries))
Spin None Nominal spin None 30 hrs
rate
Thermal Maximum No thermal 4 cycles (when No thermal
cycling Design Range cycling combined with cycling
+ 5C thermal
extension. vacuum 1
thermal
vacuum cycle
plus 3 thermal
cycling cycles)
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Thermal Maximum Design 4 cycles (when 4 cycles with At space element

vacuum Design Range temperature combined with complete level, full distribution
+ 5C range thermal functional test of predicted
extension cycling, 1 during one hot temperatures may
thermal and one cold not be achieved
vacuum cycle soak unless local heating
plus 3 thermal (stabilized) or cooling is applied.
cycling cycles) Local heating or
cooling need to be
decided depending
on the specific
system under test.
Cryogenic Any Predicted 3 thermal 3 thermal May be combined
test temperature temperature vacuum vacuum with Thermal
-85C: range cycles, plus cycles, plus Vacuum test
predicted one descent to one descent
temperature cryogenic to cryogenic
range (above temperature temperature
this distribution. distribution.
temperature, Complete Complete
Thermal functional test functional test
Vacuum during one hot during one hot
acceptance and one cold and one cold
level soak soak
requirements (stabilized) in (stabilized) in
apply) thermal thermal
vacuum vacuum
phase, and at phase, and at
stabilized stabilized
cryogenic cryogenic
temperatures. temperatures.
Leak MEOP MEOP pressure pressure
30 min as 30 min as
minimum minimum
- Pressure - Pressurized 5 min 5 min For other
vessels: Proof structures 1.65 minimum hold minimum hold components see
pressure at 1.0 x MEOP; time (1 cycle) time (1 cycle) ECSS-E-32-02
x MEOP
Proof - Pressurized
Pressure structures:
Proof pressure
at 1.1 x MEOP
Burst None None None None Not applicable to

Pressure acceptance
Life None None None None Not applicable to
acceptance
EMC See ECSS E 20-07A Annex A See ECSS E 20-07A Annex A
ESD None None None None
NOTE The table does not include tests for some ambient conditions such as humidity and toxic-off gassing because
they are performed exposing the hardware to the environment without margin.
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6.3. Equipment test requirements
6.3.1. Overview
This section addresses the acceptance testing requirements applicable to any equipment, whatever is the
project.
In particular, for the mechanical and thermal tests, it proposes standardized values to cover multi-project
utilization (i.e. different launchers and different missions).
When the standardized values are not suitable, this standard specifies criteria for determination of test levels
in terms of margins to be applied.
6.3.2. Equipment acceptance test baseline
a) The equipment acceptance test baseline shall consist of the tests specified in Table 22, according to the
type of the equipment.
b) Where equipment falls into two or more types of Table 22, the required tests specified for each type shall
be applied.
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Table 22 Equipment acceptance test baseline

Test Reference Recommended Type of equipment
subclause sequence
a b c d e f G h I j k I
Physical properties 6.3.4 1 R R R R R R R R R R R R
2a
f
Functional and 6.3.5 R R R R R R R R R - R R
performance
c c
Leak 6.3.6 3,5,8,11 R - R R R R O - - - - -
c
Pressure 6.3.7 4 - - R R R R O - - - - -
c
Random vibration 6.3.8 6 R R R R R R R R R R R -
i d k
Acoustic 6.3.9 6 O R - - - - - - - O O R
Shock 6.3.10 7 O - - - - - - - O - - -
e f b f k
Thermal vacuum 6.3.11 9 R O R R R O R R R O R R
Thermal cyclinge 9f
f
6.3.12 R O R R R O R R R O R O
j
Burn-in 6.3.13 10 R - - O - - O - - - - -
Micro-vibrationg 6.3.14 12 R - - R - - - - - - - -
h
Audible noise 6.3.15 13 R R - R R - R - - R R -
Types of Equipment
a Electronic or electrical equipment g Thrusters
b Antennas h Thermal equipment
c Batteries i Optical equipment
d Valves j Mechanical equipment
e Fluid or propulsion equipment k Mechanical moving assemblies
f Pressure vessels l Solar arrays
Key
R Required O Optional - Not required
a
See 6.3.3.e.
b
Required only on unsealed units and on high power, RF equipment.
c
Required only on sealed or pressurized equipment.
d
Either random vibration or acoustic test required with the other optional.
e
Can be combined in thermal vacuum cycling test.
f
Not required for batteries that cannot be recharged after testing.
g
Mission dedicated for in-orbit active mechanical assemblies.
h
Required for equipment for manned space element.
i
If the equipment is sensitive to acoustic environment, the test is performed instead of random vibration test.
j
The test is performed in parallel with other functional and environmental tests.
k
Unless included in element tests.
NOTE The categorization of tests into required and optional is guided by the sensitivity of the type of the
equipment to the specific environment, by the probability of encountering the environment and project specificity.
6.3.3. Test programme implementation requirements
a) All equipment, irrespective of its category, shall be acceptance tested;
b) Equipment acceptance tests should be accomplished entirely at the equipment level;
NOTE In some circumstances equipment qualification can be conducted partially or entirely at a higher
level (e.g. interconnecting tubes, radio frequency circuits and wiring harness)
c) The test baseline and sequencing shall be tailored to the specific item characteristics for each
project, giving consideration to both the required and optional tests;
d) Leak tests shall be performed only on sealed or pressurized equipment, where equipment is
sensitive to loss of pressure or vacuum;
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e) Functional and performance tests shall be performed at the beginning of the test sequence, prior and
following environmental tests and at the end of the test sequence ;
f) Equipment functional tests shall be performed while the environment is being imposed, if the
equipment is expected to be operational under that environment;
g) Electrical equipment, if operated during ascent and descent, shall be powered during the
environmental tests and parameters monitored to detect intermittent or persistent failures during the
test, for each axis.
h) The performance and functional tests shall be designed so that a database of critical parameters can
be established for trend analysis;
i) The same critical parameters of the data base shall be measured in all the functional tests
conducted before, during and after each of the baseline environmental tests;
j) Any unusual or unexpected behaviour shall be evaluated to determine the existence of any trends
towards an out of limit value or of an incipient failure;
k) The EGSE or other support systems of the test article shall:
1) not influence the results of EMC tests;
2) be designed for low emissions; and
3) be hardened against susceptibility testing.
l) The acceptance test sequence is given in figure 1 should be followed.
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Key
1 These tests can be combined.
2 Mission dedicated for in-orbit active mechanical assemblies.
3 To be performed in case of manned space elements.
Figure 6 Equipment acceptance test sequence
6.3.4. Physical property measurements, equipment acceptance
The physical property test shall be performed according to 5.3.2.
6.3.5. Functional and performance tests, equipment acceptance
6.3.5.1. Functional Tests
a) The electrical and mechanical functional tests shall be performed at nominal operational conditions.
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b) Functional tests shall verify the complete function of the equipment, under the specified normal
operating conditions and in all operational modes.
c) Functional tests shall be performed on all (main and redundant) chains in an equipment
d) Functional tests shall be performed while the environment is being imposed, if the equipment is
expected to be fully operating under that environment (exceptions solar panels and antenna feeds
during thermal vacuum tests).
e) Test parameters shall be varied throughout their specification ranges and the sequences expected in
flight operation;
f) Mechanical tests shall include application of torque, load and motion as specified;
g) Electrical tests shall include application of expected normal voltages, impedance, frequencies, pulses,
and wave forms at the electrical interface of the equipment, including all redundant circuits.
h) Electrical test shall include the measurement of the electrical properties at the interfaces as specified in
the ICD like power consumption, inrush current, signal characteristics, response time ,
i) a database of critical parameters shall be established for trend analysis;
j) Abbreviated functional tests (AFT) shall be performed between and within environmental test.
NOTE In these tests selected functions shall be performed sufficient to proof the health status of the equipment
6.3.5.2. Performance Tests
a) Performance tests shall verify that the functions of the equipment can be performed with the specified
measurable performance.
b) Performance tests shall be performed on all (main and redundant) chains in an equipment
c) Performance tests shall be performed under the specified normal environmental conditions
6.3.6. Leakage test, equipment acceptance
a) The leakage test shall be to demonstrate the ability of pressurized equipment to conform to the
leakage rates stated in the equipment specifications.
b) Leakage tests shall be performed prior to and following the completion of equipment acceptance
thermal and mechanical tests.
c) Leakage tests shall be conducted prior to and following proof pressure tests.
d) Leak tests shall be performed with the equipment pressurized at the maximum differential operating
pressure.
e) If seals are dependent upon differential pressure for proper sealing, leak tests shall be performed
with the equipment pressurized at the maximum operating pressure and at the minimum operating
pressure.
6.3.7. Pressure test, equipment acceptance
a) A proof pressure test shall be performed applying the margins and the duration as per Table 21 to
demonstrate absence of leakage and permanent deformation.
temperature conditions.
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6.3.8. Random vibration test, equipment acceptance
a) The random vibration test shall conform to 5.3.11 a) to g).
b) The test levels and duration for equipment acceptance for a specific space element shall be the
expected flight level increased by the acceptance margin specified in Table 21.
c) The test levels and duration for generic equipment acceptance, independent of the launcher or space
element, shall be the minimum envelope between acceptance vibration test (AVT) spectrum given in
Table 23 and the acceptance spectrum of Table 21 divided by 2,25 (i.e.1,52).
NOTE No notching for batteries; however, notching is possible for tanks and motors, if the limit load is exceeded
at centre of gravity (CoG) in fundamental resonance.
Table 23 AVT spectrum

Mass Frequency Level Remark
(20 to 80) Hz + 3 dB/octave
M 50 kg (80 to 350) Hz 0,04 g2/Hz 6,06 grms
(20 to 80) Hz + 3 dB/octave
(80 to 350) Hz PSD(M) = [0,05(M+50)/(M+1)] / (1,5)2]
M > 50 kg (350 to 2 000) Hz -3 dB/octave
Where PSD is in g2/Hz,
M is in kg
Duration for all axis, 2 min per axis.
6.3.9. Acoustic test, equipment acceptance
a) The acoustic test description shall conform to 5.3.12 a) to e).
b) The test levels and duration for equipment acceptance for a specific launcher shall be the expected
flight level increased by the acceptance margin specified in Table 21.
c) The test levels and duration for generic equipment acceptance, independent of the launcher, shall be
as specified in Table 10 minus 4 dB.
6.3.10. Shock test, equipment acceptance
a) Requirements of clause 5.3.13 a), b) c) d) f) g) h) shall apply.
b) The test levels and duration for equipment acceptance for a specific space element shall be the
expected flight level increased by the acceptance margin specified in Table 21.
c) The test levels and duration for generic equipment acceptance, independent of the launcher or
space element, shall be as specified in Table 11 and 12 minus 3 dB.
d) The shock test should be performed where the equipment is critical to mission success;
NOTE 1 The shock screening test is effective for particle detection since shock can dislodge the particle and the
extended duration vibration allows the particle to move to a position where a shock can occur and permit detection.
NOTE 2 The shock screening test can detect failures due to cracked or loose dies in electronic parts that are not
found in normal acceptance tests.
6.3.11. Thermal vacuum test, equipment acceptance
a) All equipment temperatures shall refer to reference point temperatures (see 3.1.33).
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b) Test methods and test set up shall be defined according to the thermal environment characteristics, the
system thermal design and the equipment itself.
c) The test levels and number of cycles for thermal equipment acceptance for a specific space element
shall be the design levels increased by the acceptance margin specified in Table 19.
d) Equipment shall be tested at a pressure of 10-5 hPa or less;
e) The equipment temperatures shall be defined for the following conditions:
1. minimum and maximum operating acceptance,

2. minimum and maximum non-operating acceptance, and
3. minimum and maximum start-up.
f) Equipment shall be tested at a pressure of 10-5 hPa or less;
g) The equipment shall be tested with a thermal vacuum test sequence performing one thermal cycle as
shown in Figure 2.
NOTE 1 Start with hot conditions is recommended to provide for better outgassing. The use of a cold trap may be
necessary for cleanliness reasons.
NOTE 2 the cycle may start with cold conditions if required for functional testing
h) The equipment shall be subjected to functional and performance test before and after the thermal
vacuum test at ambient conditions;
i) During the remainder of the test, the equipment shall be monitored to detect intermittent or persistent
failures;
j) Monitoring of the RF output for corona shall be conducted during chamber pressure reduction for those
RF units that are energized during launch;
k) For mechanisms operating in vacuum, a complete verification at the identified worst cases, of the
functional capability shall be included;
l) If thermal gradients play an important role in the functional behaviour of the mechanisms, they shall be
implemented in the test set-up;
m) The force or torque design margin shall be measured at identified worst cases on moving mechanical
assemblies;
n) Internal redundancies shall be tested during the functional cold and hot tests;
o) For equipment with mechanism, the vacuum should be below 10-6 hPa with a target value of 10-8 hPa
pressure;
p) The equipment operative configuration during the test shall be the most severe one from a thermal
point of view.
q) The thermal vacuum test description shall conform to 5.3.15 with the exception that the temperatures
shall be controlled, measured and selected such that the test item experiences actual temperatures
equal to or beyond the minimum and maximum acceptance temperatures in the test environment.
r) The temperature range of equipment shall be enough for an effective workmanship screening.
NOTE: For electronic and electrical equipment the range should be at least 55 C.
s) Thermal vacuum test may be deleted for equipment acceptance and thermal cycling performed at
ambient pressure, provided that the lack of vacuum does not compromise equipment acceptance, and
these equipment are designed for operation in pressurized modules;
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t) If separate thermal cycling and thermal vacuum tests are performed, the thermal vacuum shall follow
the cycling test.
6.3.12. Thermal cycling test, equipment acceptance
a) The thermal cycling test description shall:
1. conform to 5.3.16, and
2. be controlled, measured and selected such that the test item experiences actual temperatures
equal to or beyond the minimum and maximum acceptance temperatures in the test
environment.
b) The thermal cycling test temperatures shall conform to the acceptance temperature limits defined in
6.3.11 and Table 21.
c) The thermal cycling test cycles and duration shall conform to 5.3.16 and Table 21.
d) Conditions and values for characteristic parameters shall be as defined in Table 24.
Table 24 Thermal cycling test parameters (acceptance)

Parameter Condition or value
Start cycle Hot
Stabilization criterion 1 C/1 h (as goal)
a
Thot = TA-max or TNO-max.
b
Tcold = TA-min or TNO-min.
e) The thermal cycling test may be combined with thermal vacuum test described in 6.3.11.
6.3.13. Burn-in test, equipment acceptance
a) A modified thermal cycling test shall be used to accumulate the additional operational hours required
for the burn-in test of electrical components as follows:
1. while the equipment is operating (power-on) and while parameters are being monitored, reduce the
temperature of the unit to the specified low temperature level for 1 h or longer;
2. increase the unit temperature to the specified high temperature level and operated for 1 h or longer;
3. reduce the temperature to ambient to complete one cycle of the burn-in test;
4. set the transitions between low and high temperatures shall be greater than 1 C/min (average rate);
b) For items such as valves and thrusters, the number of cycles of operation rather than hours of
operation shall be used to ensure detecting early failures and functional cycling conducted at ambient
temperature;
NOTE For thrusters, a cycle is a hot firing which includes a start, steady-state operation and shut-down.
c) For hot firings of thrusters utilizing hydrazine propellants, flight valves shall be thoroughly cleaned of all
traces of hydrazine following the test firings;
d) Devices that have extremely limited life cycles shall be excluded from burn-in test requirements (e.g.
positive expulsion tanks).
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e) Ambient pressure should be used during the burn-in test.
f) For cycling of electrical equipment, the extreme temperatures specified in 6.3.11 and Table 3 shall be
used.
g) The total operating time for electrical equipment burn-in shall be 250 h including the operating time
during the thermal cycling and thermal vacuum environment;
h) The minimum number of temperature cycles shall be 18, including those conducted during the thermal
cycling acceptance test;
i) Additional test time beyond that required for thermal cycling shall be conducted at either maximum or
minimum operating temperature;
j) A 48 h high voltage test, performed at maximum operating voltage and maximum operating
temperature, shall be part of the burn-in procedure;
k) The test shall be considered successful providing the last 100 h of the equipment burn-in test are free
of failures;
l) For valves, thrusters and other components where functional cycling testing is a better burn-in method,
a minimum of 100 cycles shall be conducted.
m) Functional tests shall be conducted at the start of the burn-in test to provide a baseline reference for
determining if performance degradation occurs;
n) The functional test shall be repeated after:
1. 150 h of operation; and
2. during the last 2 h of the thermal cycling test;
o) Parameters for all circuits, including all redundancy, shall be monitored during the entire test sequence;
p) On-off cycling of the electronic equipment shall be conducted during the test to simulate operational
usage.
NOTE The reduction of system level failures by burn-in at the equipment level has a favourable impact on costs
and schedules by stabilising the failure rate at or near its minimum and ensuring the highest probability of mission
success.
6.3.14. Microvibration environment compatibility test, equipment acceptance
The microgravity environment compatibility test shall conform to 5.3.21.
6.3.15. Audible noise test, equipment acceptance
The audible noise test shall conform to 5.3.22.
6.4. Subsystem test requirements
a) The subsystem acceptance shall include both functional and performance testing;
b) A flight representative environment (hardware and software) shall be used;
c) For the acceptance completion of structures and thermal control subsystems, environmental testing
shall be performed;
NOTE Environmental acceptance tests are conducted at subsystem level when this level of testing provides a
more realistic or more practical test simulation (e.g. acceptance of optical and telecommunication payloads)
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d) Acceptance tests should be conducted at the subsystem level when the tests at this level provide a
better perception of defects than the higher level tests;
NOTE Subsystem level acceptance is normally performed at equipment and element levels.
e) The suitability of conducting subsystem level acceptance tests should be evaluated considering the
relative accessibility of the subsystem and its equipment and the retest time at higher level.
NOTE Often items, such as solar array and apogee boost motors, are identified as subsystems. However, in this
standard they are considered as equipment and follow the requirements of 6.1.
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6.5. Element test requirements
6.5.1. General
a) Element level testing shall be performed on space elements of a space system together with its
external interfaces.
b) The space elements acceptance test baseline shall consist of the tests specified in Table 25;
NOTE: other special tests can be performed depending upon the project characteristics and product lifetime
cycle;
Table 25 Space element acceptance test baseline

Test Reference Suggested Space
subclause sequence element
Optical alignment 6.5.2.3 1a Rb
Functional and performance 6.5.5.1, 6.5.5.2 2a R
Physical properties 6.5.2.2 3 R
Pressure and leakage 6.5.2.1 4a R
EMC 6.5.4.1 5 O
Acoustic 6.5.1.1 6c Rc
Random vibration 6.5.1.2.2 6c Rc
Thermal Vacuum cycling 6.5.3.1 7d R
Thermal Balance 6.5.3.2 7d O
Ambient pressure 6.5.3.3 7d O
temperature cycling
Mission simulation 6.5.5.3 8 Re
Magnetic field 6.5.4.2 9 Rf
Communication 6.5.5.4 10 g R
Toxic offgassing 6.5.6.1 11 R
Audible noise 6.5.6.2 12 Re
Micro-vibration 6.5.6.3 13 Re
R Required
O Optional
a
At the beginning and end of the sequence and prior and after environmental tests.
b
If applicable.
c
Acoustic or random vibration test.
d
Can be combined.
e
For manned element.
f
If applicable and in case of stringent requirements.
c) The test baseline shall be tailored for each project, giving consideration to both the required and
optional tests;
NOTE Optional tests are performed when they are considered appropriate with the goals and characteristics of
the project.
d) For projects with a prototype model methodology, acceptance testing shall be performed on the
element flight models;
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e) If protoflight or hybrid model methodologies are used, the protoflight qualification test campaign shall
cover the acceptance objectives;
f) The following shall be performed in defining the space element acceptance test program:
1. run thermal tests, which disclose latent defects, towards the end of the sequence;
2. perform the functional verification of the space element by means of the integrated system test and
the integrated system check (see 5.3.8.2.2 q));
3. conduct functional verification before and after each environmental exposure, by means of the AFT;
4. carry out the SFT at the beginning and at the end of the test campaign;
5. perform the AFT while the environment is being imposed, especially during thermal tests
NOTE The space element is expected to be operative under these conditions;
6. repeat alignment verifications, for all equipment having alignment requirements, during space
element acceptance test campaign;
NOTE Alignment verification is repeated to track any degradation or to ensure that variation of equipment
alignment in relationship with the reference axes remain within the specified limits.
7. perform deployment tests to all deployable items to verify the correct functioning of deployment
mechanisms after integration and environmental exposures;
8. perform audible noise and toxic offgassing tests only for manned projects;
g) The environments used during acceptance tests shall be the maximum environmental exposures
expected in product lifetime (see 4.8.1.3).
6.5.2. Structural acceptance tests
6.5.2.1. Acoustic tests
a) For acoustic acceptance test operations, the same requirements as for qualification tests (see 5.3.3.4)
shall apply with the exception that the acceptance sound pressure spectrum shall be imposed as
specified in the relevant launcher users manual (if not defined, qualification levels -4 dB shall be
applied);
b) The test duration shall be one minute (unless specified otherwise in the launcher users manual).
6.5.2.2. Vibration tests
6.5.2.2.1. General
a) Low level vibration tests (also known as signature tests) shall be performed in order to detect latent
materials or workmanship defects, and to compare the resonance frequency distribution with that of the
mathematical model or modal survey;
b) Automatic notching shall be employed to prohibit excessive resonance build-up.
NOTE Any significant shift in resonance frequencies from those analytically determined is an indication of improper
assembly or materials defects.
6.5.2.2.2. Random vibration tests
a) For random vibration acceptance test operations,
1. the requirements as for qualification tests shall apply (see 5.3.3.5.3), and
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2. the power spectral density shall be adjusted to the acceptance spectrum as specified in the
relevant launcher users manual (if not defined, use qualification levels of -6 dB);
b) The test duration shall be one minute per axis (unless specified otherwise in the launcher users
manual).
6.5.3. Structural integrity
6.5.3.1. Pressure and leakage
For acceptance pressure tests, the subsystems of the space element shall be pressurized to the maximum
expected operating pressures and kept at this pressure for duration sufficient to establish that the leak rates
are within the specified limits.
6.5.3.2. Physical properties
The physical property requirements of sub clause 5.5.3.4 shall apply with the exception that the moment of
inertia determinations need not be performed for space elements that are not spin stabilized.
6.5.3.3. Optical alignment
The optical alignment requirements of 5.5.3.5 shall apply.
6.5.4. Thermal acceptance tests
6.5.4.1. Thermal Vacuum cycling test
a) For the vacuum temperature cycling acceptance test, the qualification requirements (see 5.5.3.1) shall
apply with the modifications indicated in b-d below;
b) Space element test levels shall be such that for all equipments the temperatures achieved are between
the TCS design temperatures and the equipment acceptance temperatures.
c) cold start tests shall be performed once as a minimum
d) the pumping, cooling, and heating speeds should be the same as those projected for the mission, but
not exceed them.
6.5.4.2. Thermal balance tests
a) Thermal balance tests shall be performed on the flight article for the acceptance under the
requirements and conditions defined for qualification testing in 5.5.3.2;
b) Thermal balance tests need not be done for space element acceptance provided such testing has been
conducted as part of space element qualification.
6.5.4.3. Ambient pressure temperature cycling test
a) For the ambient temperature cycling acceptance test, the qualification requirements (see 5.5.3.2) shall
apply with the with the modifications indicated in b-e below;:
b) the test temperatures shall be at the maximum and minimum design temperatures without any margin;
c) cold start tests, shall be performed only once;
d) the pumping, cooling, and heating speeds shall be equal to those projected for the mission, but not
exceed them;
e) only one cycle shall be performed in the thermal vacuum acceptance test.
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6.5.5. Electromagnetic acceptance tests
6.5.5.1. Electromagnetic compatibility tests
a) If electromagnetic compatibility tests were performed during the qualification process, tests need not be
performed for space element acceptance;
b) If no space element level electromagnetic compatibility testing is performed for its qualification,
1. the requirements of 5.3.7.1 shall apply to the acceptance procedure of the space element with
the exception of tests that reduce the lifetime of space element equipment.
2. In that case verification at lower level shall be performed by tests
6.5.6. Functional acceptance tests
6.5.6.1. Mechanical functional tests
a) In addition to the functional tests performed with the vacuum temperature cycling test, a final functional
test shall be performed under ambient environmental conditions for space element acceptance prior to
shipment to the launch site;
b) The final functional test shall:
1. conform to 5.3.8.1, and
2. be performed only with nominal operational conditions, i.e. no margin testing.
6.5.6.2. Electrical functional tests
a) A final ambient environment electrical functional test shall be performed for space element acceptance
prior to shipment to the launch site;
b) The final functional test shall
c) conform to 5.3.8.2
d) be performed only at nominal operational conditions , i.e. no margin testing, and no testing at minimum
and maximum voltage levels.
NOTE This includes test of cross strapping and all redundancies. It also includes the TM/TC if the frequency used can
lead to interference. It can be combined with the RF autocompatibility test.
6.5.6.3. Mission simulation tests
The qualification mission simulation tests shall be repeated for acceptance if onboard or ground software
changes, potentially affecting the mission, were introduced afterwards.
6.5.7. Manned space element specific tests
6.5.7.1. Toxic offgassing test
The toxic offgassing test shall be performed in accordance with 5.5.8.1.
NOTE The purpose of the toxic offgassing test is to verify that the flight hardware does not produce toxic vapours that
can build up to harmful levels for the crew in the closed loop life support system;
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6.5.7.2. Audible noise test
a) The test shall be performed in accordance with the requirements in 5.5.8.2;
Note: The audible noise test verifies that the flight hardware does not produce audible noise levels that are detrimental to
the crew health and safety.
b) The noise measurements shall be performed in nominal emission conditions.
6.5.7.3. Micro-vibration test
a) The test shall be performed in accordance with the requirements in 5.5.8.3;
b) The vibro-acoustic noise measurements shall be performed in nominal emission conditions.
6.6. Overall System acceptance test
6.6.1. General
a) The System Tests listed hereafter shall be executed with the first space element if the qualification test
was not executed using the space element to be launched and the control centre to be used for
operations.
Note: To cover those aspects which are retested due to design evolution since the qualification (regression testing) or for
deficiencies identified during the qualification.
b) The System Tests listed hereafter shall be executed with each recurrent space element to cover those
aspects which are space element dependent and absence of regression.
c) The requirements defined for the system qualification (clause 5.6) shall be applicable for acceptance as
amended hereafter
6.6.2. Space element launcher interface verification test
The requirements defined for the system qualification in clause 5.6.2 shall be applicable for acceptance.
Note: e.g for space element-launcher fit check.
6.6.3. LEOP and routine operations interface test
6.6.4. External interface test
6.6.5. Listen-in and recording test
6.6.6. Communication compatibility test
Note: e.g for TM/TC suitcase test.
6.6.7. System Validation Test (SVT)
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6.6.8. Operational scenario tests
6.6.9. Overall acceptance system test documentation
a) The requirements defined for the system qualification in clause 5.6.9 shall be applicable for
acceptance.
b) A wrap up of all Overall System Acceptance Tests evidences shall be consolidated in the Overall
System Acceptance Report (as per ECSS-10-02B annex H) for submission to the Verification
Control Board (VCB) and to the reviews identified in ECSS-10-02B annex A.
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7. Protoflight testing
7.1. Protoflight testing objectives
Protoflight testing is the combination of the qualification and acceptance testing objectives on the first flight
model.
NOTE: The protoflight approach can be applied at each level of decomposition of space system.
a) All requirements identified in sections 5 and 6 shall be applied unless otherwise specified in this section.
b) Protoflight testing shall be performed on the first flight product to confirm that the items perform in
accordance with the specifications in the intended environments and to confirm the readiness of an item
for delivery and subsequent usage.
7.2. Protoflight test levels and duration
The protoflight test levels and durations shall be as specified in Table 26
1. test levels: as qualification levels ;
2. test durations: as acceptance durations.
Table 26 Protoflight test levels and duration

Test Levels Duration Remarks
Equipment Space Equipment Space
element element
Sine vibration qualification qualification sweep at 4 sweep at 4
level level Oct/min, 5 - Oct/min, 5 -
100 Hz 100 Hz
Random qualification qualification acceptance acceptance

vibration level level duration duration
Spectrum Spectrum
defined defined
between 5 between 5
and 2000 Hz and 2000 Hz
Acoustic qualification qualification acceptance acceptance
level level duration duration
Shock qualification qualification 1 shock in 1 activation

level level both directions
of 3 axes
Static load 1.25 x limit 1.25 x limit As needed to As needed to Static load can be
load load record data record data replaced by sine
(Note:
applicable for
structures and
structure
components,
test not
applied for
equipment
(e.g. boxes,
batteries))
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Thermal 5C extension no thermal 4 cycles no thermal

cycling of acceptance cycling (when cycling
temperature combined with
range thermal
vacuum 1
thermal
vacuum cycle
plus 3 thermal
cycling cycles)
Thermal 5C extension 5C extension 4 cycles 4 cycles with At space element
vacuum of acceptance of acceptance complete level, full
temperature temperature functional test distribution of
range range during one predicted
hot and one temperatures can
cold soak not be achieved
(stabilized) unless local
heating or cooling
is applied.
Local heating or
cooling cannot
decided
depending on the
specific system
under test
Leak MEOP MEOP pressure pressure
30 min as 30 min as
minimum minimum
Proof - Pressure - Pressurized 5 min hold 5 min hold Proof pressure

Pressure vessels 1.25 x structures 1.1 x time (only one time (only one only (but
MEOP; MEOP (1,5 x cycle) cycle) dedicated models
- Pressurized MEOP for with full cycling of
structures 1.1 Manned proof and burst
x MEOP; Modules); pressure levels for
Pressure qualification, can
components be built and
1.5 x MEOP tested)
For other
components
ECSS-E-32-02
draft 11 applies.
EMC as per as per as per as per
qualification qualification qualification qualification
7.3. Equipment protoflight test
a) The qualification test baseline and requirements (see 5.3) shall be applied.
b) Test levels and duration shall be those of table 26;
c) life test shall not be performed on protoflight models;
d) The burn-in test specified in clause 6.3.13 shall be applied if the total duration of the protoflight
qualification test sequence is insufficient to detect material and workmanship defect occurring in the
equipment lifetime.
e) for the equipment pressure test (see 5.3.8), only proof pressure tests as defined in 5.3.8.1 shall be
conducted;
f) for acceleration test the duration of qualification shall be used;

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g) for the equipment sinusoidal vibration test, the test levels shall conform to 5.3.10 with the number of
sweeps to be one sweep up and with a sweep rate equal to 3 octave/min;
h) The total duration time for burn in test shall be 250 h minimum.
7.4. Subsystem protoflight test
a) Subsystem protoflight testing shall be performed according to 5.4;
b) Environmental testing shall be performed for the qualification and acceptance of the structure and
thermal control subsystems.
c) Environmental testing of the structure and thermal control subsystem may be replaced by protoflight
tests at a higher level of product.
d) If a structure is to be reused for flight, a protoflight testing shall apply.
7.5. Element protoflight test
The qualification test baseline and requirements (see 5.5) shall be applied.
7.6. Overall System protoflight test
Overall system tests which include protoflight elements shall be performed according to clause 5.6 System
Qualification.
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8. Pre-launch testing
8.1. Pre-launch testing objectives
a) The procedures to be executed during the launch campaign shall be rehearsed before the start of the
launch campaign.
NOTE The pre-launch tests mainly affect space elements and launcher elements.
Note: Any subsequent change on the EGSE cannot affect the result of this rehearsal.
b) Pre-launch tests shall verify that no damage or performance degradation of the space element and its
constituents has occurred during shipment or handling;
c) Pre-launch tests shall verify that all launch site assembly activities are completed properly, all associated
interfaces are verified, and their parameters are within the specified limits;
d) Pre-launch tests shall verify that the mating with the launch element are completed successfully, i.e. all
interfaces between the space element and the launch element, and between the launch element and the
ground support facilities are verified;
e) The pre-launch tests shall be designed so that the database of critical parameters can be updated for
trend analysis, to be compared with that in para.4;
8.2. Functional tests
8.2.1. General
a) The functional tests performed during pre-launch phase should repeat the mechanical and electrical
functional tests performed for acceptance.
b) Redundancy chains shall be verified.
NOTE The extent of pre-launch testing, the appropriate test sequences and the test procedures are unique for
each launcher and for each project.
8.2.2. Retesting
a) The assembly at launch site shall be retested if it was disassembled for transport or other reasons (e.g.
batteries);
b) Comparison with the correspondent results recorded during acceptance testing shall be performed to
check for any degradation of the system.
8.2.3. Pyro devices
a) Verification that the correct ignition energy levels are present at each pyro device shall be performed
prior to final connection of the firing circuit to the device;
b) A simulator of the pyro device characteristics shall be used during these tests;
c) Circuit continuity and stray energy checks shall be made prior to connection of any firing circuit to any
pyro device;
d) Circuit continuity checks shall be repeated whenever that connection is opened and prior to re-
connection.
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8.3. Propulsion tests
Propulsion subsystem leakage rates shall be verified to be within specified limits by pressure monitoring.
8.4. Integrated launch system test
a) Launch readiness of the system shall be verified by an integrated launch system test;
NOTE The functional tests to be performed during this test are generally determined by launch element
requirements.
b) The integrated launch system test shall include an evaluation of radio frequency interference between
system elements, electrical power interfaces, command and control functions.
8.5. Manned related tests
Final crew interface verification in all operational configurations shall be performed.
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9. In-orbit testing
9.1. Initial in orbit testing (as part of Commissioning)
a) The contingency and redundancy testing approach shall be agreed at the beginning of the phase C and
captured in the verification / commissioning plan
Note: The usual objectives of the commissioning are defined in ECSS-E-10-02B 5.2.4.5. These objectives are generally
achieved through a testing campaign (complemented by analyses) starting shortly after the launch.
b) The commissioning tests measurement accuracy shall be agreed with the customer and documented in
the Commissioning Test Specification (CTSPE).
Note: Agreement at the beginning of the phase C, if the customer wants to have them taken into account when
comparing the requirements with the measured performance.
c) The tests identified in the commissioning (or verification) plan (CP) shall be detailed in the
commissioning test specifications (CTSPE) as per DRD in Annex B (Test Specification).
Note: Tests specifications are prepared by the space element supplier and/or the customer as per working arrangement.
d) The commissioning test procedures containing telecommands to the space element shall be approved
by the space element operator.
Note: Commissioning tests procedures are prepared by the supplier or the customer as per working arrangement. They
can be incorporated in (CTSPE) or be a self standing document
Note: The space element operator is usually represented in the test reviews (TRR, PTR).
9.2. Other in orbit testing
a) During the in-orbit stage, testing of products (hardware and software) shall be repeated:
1. subsequent to modification;
2. following repair or replacement.
3. when a functional path has not normally been used for a specified period
Note: Period is customer decision.
b) Qualification re-entry testing shall be performed when aero-thermodynamics characteristics are

fundamental for the mission success, and the conditions cannot be reproduced on ground.
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10. Post-landing testing

a) Readiness for the subsequent flight shall be assured in accordance to the acceptance test criteria;
b) all safety critical functions shall be re-tested for products to be reflown;
c) high level (system or element) functional testing shall be performed in preference to individual low
level tests;
NOTE Post-landing testing is performed on space products to be recovered at the end of mission and on products which
are re-flown.
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Annex A (normative)
Assembly, integration and test (AIT) plan - DRD
A.1 DRD identification

A.1.1 Requirement identification and source document
ECSS-E-10-03 Testing, requirement 4.7
A.1.2 Purpose and objective
The assembly integration and test plan is the master plan for the project AIT
process. It describes the complete AIT process and demonstrates together with
the verification plan how the requirements are verified by inspection and test.
It contains the overall AIT program and the related verification tools (GSE and
facilities), the involved documentation, the AIT management and organization. It
also contains the AIT schedule.
It is one of the major inputs to the project schedule and is used to provide the
customer a basis for review and evaluation of the effectiveness of the AIT
program and its proposed elements.
An AIT Plan is prepared for the different verification levels covering in detail the
AIT activities at that level and outlining the necessary lower level aspects.
The assembly, integration and test plan is complementary to the verification
plan. It takes into account the test standards defined in the Customer
requirements.
A.2 Expected response

A.2.1 Response identification
The requirements for document identification contained in ECSS-M-50 shall be
applied to the assembly, integration and test (AIT) plan.
A.2.2 Scope and contents
<1> Introduction
a. The AIT plan shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content
and the reason prompting its preparation.
b. Any open issue, assumption and constraint relevant to this document shall
be stated and described.
<2> Applicable and reference documents

The AIT plan shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to the
generation of the document.
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<3> Definitions and abbreviations

The AIT plan shall list the applicable dictionary or glossary and the meaning of
specific terms or abbreviations utilized in the document.
<4> Product presentation

The AIT plan shall briefly describe the selected models and their built status with
reference to the verification plan (see ECSS-E-10-02B).
<5> Assembly, integration and test programme

c. The AIT plan shall document the AIT activities and associated planning.
d. Assembly, integration and test programmes including inspections, should be
detailed through dedicated activity sheets.
e. Descriptions of each activity shall be given.
f. The sequencing of activities should be presented as flow charts.
g. The allocation of the requirements to be verified by the assembly, integration
and test activities, shall be shown in test matrices
<6> GSE and AIT facilities

h. The AIT plan shall list and describe the GSE, test software and AIT facilities
to be used.
i. The AIT plan shall also describe the logistics and list the major
transportations.
<7> AIT documentation

The AIT plan shall describe the AIT documents to be produced and their content.
<8> Organization and management

j. The AIT plan shall describe the responsibility and management tools
applicable to the described AIT process with reference to ECSS-E-10-02B.
k. The AIT plan shall describe the responsibilities within the project team, the
relation to product assurance, quality control and configuration control (tasks
with respect to AIT, including e.g. anomaly handling, change control, safety,
and cleanliness) as well as the responsibility sharing with external partners.
l. The planned reviews and the identified responsibilities shall be stated.
<9> AIT schedule

The AIT Plan shall provide the AIT schedule as reference.
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Annex B (normative)
Test specification (TSPE) - DRD
B.1 DRD identification

B.1.1 Requirement identification and source document
B.1.2 Purpose and objective

The test specification describes in detail the test requirements applicable to any
major test activity included in the AIT. In particular it defines the purpose of the
test, the test approach, the test article and the set-up, the required GSE, test
tools, test instrumentation and measurement accuracy, test conditions, test
sequence, test facility, pass/fail criteria, required documentation, participants and
test schedule.
Since major test activities often cover multiple activity sheets, the structure of the
TSPE is adapted accordingly.
The TSPE is used as an input to the test procedures, as a requirements document
for booking the environmental test facility and to provide evidence to the
customer on certain details of the test activity in advance of the activity itself.
The TSPE covers all verification levels as necessary (it is typically required for
complex testing).
It details the activities identified in the AIT plan (see annex A).
It is used as a basis for writing the relevant test procedures (see annex C) and
test report (see annex D).
In writing the test specification potential overlaps with the test procedure is
minimized (i.e. the test specification gives emphasis on requirements, the test
procedure on operative step by step instructions).
B.2 Expected response

B.2.1 Response identification
applied to the test specification (TSPE).
B.2.2 Scope and contents
<1> Introduction
a. The TSPE shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and
the reason prompting its preparation.
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be stated and described

The TSPE shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to the

The TSPE shall list the applicable dictionary or glossary and the meaning of
<4> Requirements to be verified

The TSPE shall list the requirements to be verified (in correlation to the VCD) in
the specific test and provides traceability where in the test the requirement is
covered.
<5> Test approach

The TSPE shall summarize the objectives of and the approach to the test activity.
<6> Test description

The TSPE shall summarize the configuration of the test article, the test set-up,
the necessary GSE, the test tools, the test conditions and the applicable
constraints.
<7> Test facility

The TSPE shall describe the applicable test facility requirements together with
the instrumentation and measurement accuracy, data acquisition and test
equipment to be used.
<8> Test sequence

The TSPE shall describe the test activity flow and the associated requirements.
<9> Pass/fail criteria

The TSPE shall list the test pass/fail criteria in relation to the inputs and output.
<10> Test documentation

The TSPE shall list the requirements for the involved documentation (including
test procedure, test report and PA and QA records).
<11> Test organization

The TSPE shall describe the test responsibilities, participants to be involved and
the schedule outline.
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Annex C (normative)
Test procedure (TPRO) - DRD
C.1 D.1 DRD identification

C.1.1 Requirement identification and source document
C.1.2 Purpose and objective
The Test Procedure gives directions for conducting a test activity in terms of
description, resources, constraints and step-by-step procedure.
The document is used and filled-in as appropriate during the execution and
becomes the as-run procedure.
The document is prepared for each test to be conducted at each verification level.
The same procedure can be used in case of recurring tests.
It incorporates the requirements of the test specification (DRD annex B) and uses
detailed information contained in other project documentation (e.g. drawings,
ICDs).
Several procedures often originate from a single test specification. In certain
circumstances involving a test facility (for example during environmental test)
several test procedures can be combined in an overall integrated test procedure.
The as-run procedure becomes part of the relevant test report (see annex D).
Overlaps with the test specification is minimized (see annex B).
C.2 Expected response

C.2.1 Response identification
applied to the Test Procedure (TPRO).
C.2.2 Scope and contents
<1> Introduction
a. The TPRO shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and
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The TPRO shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to the

The TPRO shall list the applicable dictionary or glossary and the meaning of
<4> Requirements to be verified

The TPRO shall list the requirements to be verified in the specific test and
provides traceability where in the test the requirement is covered.
<5> Test article

The TPRO shall describe the test article configuration (including any reference to
the relevant test configuration list) and any deviation from the specified
standard.
<6> Test set-up

The TPRO shall descibe the test set-up to be used.
<7> GSE and test tools required

The TPRO shall identify the GSE and test tools to be used in the test activity.
<8> Test instrumentation

The TPRO shall identify the test instrumentation, with measurement accuracy, to
be used, including fixtures.
<9> Test facility

The TPRO shall identify the applicable test facility and any data handling
system.
<10> Test conditions

The TPRO shall list the applicable standards, the applicable test conditions (in
terms of levels, duration and tolerances) and the test data acquisition and
reduction.
<11> Documentation
The TPRO shall describe how the applicable documentation is used to support the
test activity.
<12> Participants
The TPRO shall list the allocation of responsibilities and resources.
<13> Test constraints and operations

a. The TPRO shall identify special, safety and hazard conditions, operational
constraints, rules for test management relating to changes in procedure,
failures, reporting and signing off procedure.
b. The TPRO shall also describe QA and PA aspects applicable to the test.
<14> Step-by-step procedure

a. The TPRO shall provide detailed instructions including expected results,
with tolerances, pass/fail criteria, and identification of specific steps to be
witnessed by QA personnel.
b. The step-by-step instructions may be organized in specific tables.
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29 January 2008
Annex D (normative)
Test report (TRPT) - DRD
D.1 DRD identification

D.1.1 Requirement identification and source document
D.1.2 Purpose and objective
The Test Report describes the execution of a particular test and the results
obtained.
It contains the as-run procedure with supporting data, the anomalies and the
evaluation of the test data in comparison with the requirements.
The principal use of the TRPT is to provide the customer with the evidence of the
performed test activity for verification close-out of the relevant requirements.
A document is prepared for each verification level and for each test performed.
It responds to the requirements contained in the product specification and of the
test specification (see annex B) and test procedure (see annex C).
In case of environmental tests, pertinent data about the test facility is also given.
It is an input to a verification report (see ECSS-E-10-02B) in the case of multi-
method verification.
D.2 Expected response

D.2.1 Response identification
applied to the test report (TRPT).
D.2.2 Scope and contents
<1> Introduction
a. The TRPT shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and

The TRPT shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to the
90
29 January 2008

The TRPT shall list the applicable dictionary or glossary and the meaning of
specific terms or abbreviations utilized in the document
<4> Test results

a. The TRPT shall contain the test results, the test execution dates, the as run
procedure, the test facility results and raw data.
b. Large volume of test data may be contained in an annex.
c. The TRPT shall contain an evaluation of the test results.
<5> Anomalies
The TRPT shall include the list of deviations to the test procedure (including
deviations to test set-up), the non-conformances (including failures) and the
problems encountered during the test.
<6> Conclusions
a. The TRPT shall summarize the test evaluation (in comparison with the
requirements).
b. Any open issue shall be clearly stated and described.
c. Separate test analyses shall be cross-referenced.
91

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ECSS-E-10-03B Draft 2

End of Public Review: 28 March 2008

2. Normative references ...................................................................................................................6

3. Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms ....................................................................................7

4. General requirements ................................................................................................................14

5. Qualification testing ...................................................................................................................20

8.2. Functional tests ................................................................................................................................ 80

9. In-orbit testing ............................................................................................................................82

10. Post-landing testing ....................................................................................................................83

Annex A (normative) Assembly, integration and test (AIT) plan - DRD......................................................84

Annex B (normative) Test specification (TSPE) - DRD ................................................................................86

Annex C (normative) Test procedure (TPRO) - DRD ..................................................................................88

Annex D (normative) Test report (TRPT) - DRD...........................................................................................90

Figure 1 Equipment qualification test sequence ......................................................................................... 27

Figure 2 Equipment thermal vacuum test sequence .................................................................................. 37

Figure 3 Equipment thermal cycling test sequence .................................................................................... 40

Figure 4 Equipment thermal vacuum cycling test sequence ...................................................................... 41

Figure 5 Schematic thermal vacuum test sequence .............................................................................. 50

Figure 6 Equipment acceptance test sequence.......................................................................................... 64

Table 1 Allowable tolerances........................................................................................................................ 17

Table 2 Measurement accuracy ................................................................................................................... 18

Table 3 Qualification test level and duration............................................................................................... 20

Table 5 Equipment Resonance search test levels...................................................................................... 31

Table 10 Acoustic qualification general test levels ..................................................................................... 34

Table 11 Shock qualification test levels for equipment SRS in plane......................................................... 35

Table 14 Key and symbols for Figures 2, 3 and 4 ...................................................................................... 38

Table 15 Thermal vacuum test parameters (qualification).......................................................................... 38

Table 16 Thermal cycling test parameters (qualification) ........................................................................... 39

Table 17 Space element qualification test baseline.................................................................................... 44

Table 18 Space Element Resonance search test levels ............................................................................. 46

Table 19 Tolerances for physical properties............................................................................................... 48

Table 20 Thermal vacuum test parameters (Qualification)......................................................................... 50

Table 21 Acceptance test levels and duration ............................................................................................ 59

Table 22 Equipment acceptance test baseline ........................................................................................... 62

Table 23 AVT spectrum .............................................................................................................................. 66

Table 24 Thermal cycling test parameters (acceptance)............................................................................ 68

Table 25 Space element acceptance test baseline .................................................................................... 71

Table 26 Protoflight test levels and duration ................................................................................................ 77

In particular this standard:

1. specifies for all space systems, the product test requirements ;

2. proposes standardized test values;

3. mandates the documentation of the testing activities;

This Standard does not address testing of:

a) hardware below equipment levels,

b) Stand alone Software

c) Stand alone rocket motors;

d) Launchers and launch facilities;

e) test facilities and Ground Support Equipment;

ECSS-P-001B, ECSS Glossary of terms.

ECSS-E-10-02B, System engineering - Verification

3. Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms

3.1. Terms and definitions

NOTE Abbreviated functional test is also known as Integrated system check.

NOTE See ECSS-E-10-02B

NOTE See ECSS-E-10-02B.

NOTE Each of the design environments is based upon:

NOTE Environmental tests cover natural and induced environments.

NOTE Refer to ECSS-E-31A.

NOTE See ECSS E-10-2B

NOTE See ECSS E-10-2B.

NOTE See ECSS E-10-2B.

NOTE See ECSS E-10-2B.

NOTE See 3.1.33.