Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

SDLC is a process followed for a software project, within a software organization. It consists
of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, replace and alter or enhance specific
software.

Software Development Life Cycle is a process used by software industry to design,

develop and test high quality Software.
The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality of software and the
overall development process.
The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework defining tasks performed at
each step in the software development process.

Figure 1: Software Development Life Cycle

 SDLC consists of following activities:

1) Planning and Needs Analysis:

Requirement analysis is the most important and fundamental stage in SDLC.
This is done by senior members of the team with input from the user, Product Division,
Division Sales and Marketing Division. This information is then used to plan the
approach to baseline project and to conduct a feasibility study products in the fields of
economic, operational, and technical.
Planning for quality and identification of the associated risks in the SDLC is also done in
the planning stages. The results of the technical feasibility study is used to determine the
various approaches that can be applied to the project's success with minimal risk.

2) Defining Requirements:
After phase Defining Requirements completed, the next step is to define and document
product requirements clearly and must get approval from the Customer or Market
Analyst.
This is done through the Software Requirement Specification (SRS) consisting of all
Product Requirements that must be designed made during project development cycle.

3) Designing Product Architecture:

SRS is the reference for product architects to come out with the best architecture for the
product to be developed.
A design approach clearly defines all the architectural modules of the product along with
its communication and data flow representation with the external and third party
modules.

4) Building or Developing the Product:

In this stage of SDLC the actual development starts and the product is built. If the design
is performed in a detailed and organized manner, code generation can be accomplished
without much hassle.

5) Product Testing:
Testing activities are mostly involved in all phases of the SDLC.
This stage refers to the testing only stage of the product where products defects are
reported, tracked, fixed and retested, until the product reaches the quality standards
defined in the SRS.
6) Deployment in the market and Maintenance:
Once the product is tested and ready to be deployed it is released formally in the
appropriate market. The product may first be released in a limited segment and tested in
the real business environment.
Then based on the feedback, the product may be released as it is or with suggested
enhancements in the targeting market segment.
Once the product is released in the market, maintenance carried out for existing
customers.

SDLC Models:
Waterfall model
Iterative & incremental model
Rapid application development model(RAD)
Prototype model
Spiral model(SDM)

Waterfall model:-
It is also referred to as a linear-sequential life cycle model. In a waterfall model,
each phase must be completed before the next phase can begin and there is no
overlapping in the phases.

Figure 2: Waterfall model

 Phases in waterfall model:
o Requirement Analysis
o System design
o Implementation(Development)
o Testing
o Deployment
o Maintenance

Requirement analysis:
All possible requirements of the system to be developed are captured in this phase and
documented in a requirement specification doc.

System Design:
The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and system
design is prepared.
System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps
in defining overall system architecture.

Implementation:
With inputs from system design, the system is first developed in small programs called
units, which are integrated in the next phase.
Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality which is referred to as Unit
Testing.

Integration and Testing:

All the units developed in the implementation phase are integrated into a system after
testing of each unit.
Post integration the entire system is tested for any faults and failures.

Deployment of system:
Once the functional and nonfunctional testing is done, the product is deployed in the
customer environment or released into the market.

Maintenance:
There are some issues which come up in the client environment. To fix those issues
patches are released.
Also to enhance the product some better versions are released. Maintenance is done to
deliver these changes in the customer environment.
 Application:-
Requirements are very well documented, clear and fixed.
Product definition is stable.
Technology is understood and is not dynamic.

Advantage:-
Easy to understand & easy to use
Milestones are well understood
Clearly defined stage

Disadvantage:
All requirement must be known
Not suitable for the projects where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of
changing.