CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION-TO-B.T.S
the-base-Transceiver-Station-(BTS)-consists-of-a-single-rack-or-cabinet-that-houses-the-
necessary-elements-for-a-factor-to-multi-factor-RF-communique-community.-A-
unmarried-BTS-may-also-include-1-or-2-Radio-Base-gadgets-(RBUs).-each-RBU-
incorporates-all-vital-Transmit/receive-equipment-required-for-the-operation-of-a-
unmarried-zone-or-mobile.-A-modular-design-affords-for-a-couple-of-co-placed-BTS.

The-structure-of-the-machine-is-flexible,-and-might-accommodate-small-or-big-
numbers-of-subscribers.-it-may-additionally-be-tailored-for-use-in-rural,-suburban,-and-
concrete-environments.

In-a-phone-agency,-there-is-a-particular-system-based-on-digital-radio-technology.-It-
employs-direct-collection,-extensive-spectrum-based,-synchronous-CDMA-strategies-
over-the-air-link-to-offer-nearby-get-right-of-entry-to-to-subscriber.-It-gives-very-high-
exceptional,-very-reliable-carrier-at-charges-that-are-aggressive-with-the-alternative-
wirelinesolutions.-The-device-has-very-excessive-spectral-efficiency-and-for-this-reason-
can-offer-cord-line-satisfactory-carrier-with-constrained-available-bandwidth.-Its-huge-
dynamic-variety-permits-it-to-be-deployable-in-actually-all-environments,-assembly-
unique-needs-of-dense-urban,-suburban,-and-rural-communities-in-an-economical-
manner.

some-of-the-important-thing-attributes-of-the-machine-are:
Wireline-voice-high-quality-delivered-at-32-or-sixty-four-kbps.
excessive-throughput-for-data-and-fax-applications-with-32-or-sixty-four-kbps-
throughput.
high-service-reliability-with-exact-tolerance-for-noise-and-ingress.
complete-switching-provider-available.
elegance-services-are-supported.

For-the-network-operator-the-machine-presents-following-blessings-

superior-graphical-operator-interface.
gadget-price-in-keeping-with-get-right-of-entry-to-line-is-low-and-very-competitive-
with-common-wireline-fees.
In-standard-deployments,-over-70%-of-the-according-to-line-gadget-value-is-at-the-
subscriber-end;-hence-maximum-of-the-investment-desires-to-be-made-handiest-when-
signing-up-paying-customers.
brief-and-easy-set-up-and-provisioning-process.
Low-renovation-prices-lessen-the-life-cycle-costs-and-total-price-of-ownership.
robbery-deterrent-gadget-(stolen-or-misused-gadget-will-not-perform)-with-well-
carried-out-procedures,-even-set-up/maintenance-group-of-workers-can't-beat-the-gadget.

1
 capacity-to-provide-high-exceptional-digital-facts-offerings-at-64-to-256-kbps-and-
past-will-increase-the-attraction-to-commercial-enterprise-and-discriminating-clients-
and-gives-opportunities-for-top-rate-revenue-producing-services.
Economically-possible-over-a-huge-range-of-subscriber-densities-and-subsequently-
can-be-used-for-stand-on-my-own-in-addition-to-overlay-networks.-it-may-also-easily-
develop-with-the-subscriber-populace.
The-system-will-develop-with-client-needs-and-be-capable-of-offer-higher-
bandwidth-information/video-services.

1.2 BASE-TRANSCEIVER-STATION
The-BTS-includes-a-general-system-rack-,populated-with-upto-4-gadget-subracks.-The-
subracks-provide-all-of-the-functionality-required-to-interface-to-the-DSCO-and-may-
consist-of-the-electronics-for-1-or-2-Radio-Base-devices-(RBUs)-which-provide-radio-
conversation-to-all-CPE-inside-a-cell-or-region.The-RBUs-are-related-to-outside-
antennas-that-communicate-with-the-SUs.

-------------------------------------Fig-1.1-Base-transceiver-station

2
1.2.1-BASE-TRANSCEIVER-STATION--MECHANICAL

The-antennas-may-be-located-up-to-a-hundred-meters-from-the-BTS-the-usage-of-a-50-W-

coaxial-cable.-The-antenna-region-is-selected-to-optimize-transmission-characteristics-to-

the-served-SUs-(principally-line-of-sight).-The-RBU-is-absolutely-redundant-and-all-area-

replaceable-units-are-warm-swappable.-RBU-accepts-forty-eight-or-60-VDC-strength-with-

15%-tolerance.

1.2.2-EAGLE-control-SUITE

The-EMS-is-a-private-laptop-based-totally-platform-that-is-used-to-offer-all-of-the-

Operations,-management,-maintenance,-and-Provisioning-(OAM&P)-manipulate-for-the-

machine.-The-EMS-is-hosted--on-a-home-windows-NT-well-matched-pc-platform-and-uses-

a-Graphical-consumer-Interface-(GUI)-to-facilitate-operator-inputs-and-file-system-

information.-capabilities-controlled-by-using-the-EMS-encompass-initiation-manage,-and-

statistics-logging-of-all-device-wide-assessments,-alarm-reporting,-operator-access-of-

gadget-parameters,-and-entry-and-upkeep-of-subscriber-statistics-together-with-precedence,-

id,-and-call-wide-variety.-The-EMS-additionally-acts-because-the-administration-terminal-

for-gadget-configuration-and-reporting.

1.2.3-patron-PREMISES-system

The-client-Premises-device-includes-three-separate-hardware-gadgets--the-Subscriber-Unit-

(SU),-the-network-Termination-Unit-(NTU)-and-the-Uninterruptible-electricity-supply-

(UPS).-all-the-CPE-devices-are-located-at-or-near-the-cease-users-region.-a-typical-set-up-

could-locate-the-SU-located-on-an-exterior-wall-or-rooftop-to-allow-wi-fi-communication-

with-the-RBU-antenna,-the-NTU-installed-at-a-ground-on-hand-exterior-factor-on-the-

customer.

3
4
1.2.4-B.T.S-BLOCK-DIAGRAM--------

----------------------------------------------

Fig-1.2-Block-Diagram-of-B.T.S

multiple-RBUs-can-be-co-positioned-to-configure-neighborhood-cells-or-scattered-to-form-
more-than-one-cells.--RBUs-may-be-placed-in-every-Base-Transceiver-Station-cupboard.-
each-RBU-makes-use-of-a-separate-RF-transmitter-and-receiver-the-front-cease-however-
may-proportion-a-unmarried-omni-antenna-with-other-RBUs-or-use-a-dedicated-antenna.-
An-RBU-is-configurable-such-that-it-is-able-to-operation-in-a-contiguous-cellular-
deployment-wherein-the-operation-of-someone-cellular-does-now-not-restrict-the-operation-
of-any-adjacent-cells.-The-modular-nature-of-the-RBU-contains-a-mixture-of-redundant-
and-high-reliability-hardware-to-provide-the-essential-resiliency-to-provide-a-excessive-
MTBF.-The-RBU-interfaces-with-the-DSCO-via-one-to-4-E1-connections.-An-Operation,-
administration,-protection,-and-Provisioning-(OAM&P)-interface-is-supplied-for-every-
RBU,-but-the-fashionable-OAM&P-interface-is-to-the-DSCO.-The-RBU-connects-to-the-
network-Interface-Unit-(DSCO)-which-is-the-Eagle-Telephonics,-Inc.-DSCO,via-a-couple-
of-E1-kind-connections.-75-ohm-BNC-or-a-hundred-and-twenty-ohm-Dbconnector-
interfaces-are-to-be-had.-non-obligatory-ahead-Earthing-is-to-be-had-on-each-
interfaces.This-E1-connection-can-be-carried-out-via-diverse-interface-hyperlinks-such-as-
twine,-optical-fiber,-ormicrowave-radio.-All-outside-signal-cables-and-field-replaceable-
modules-are-on-hand-from-the-the-front-of-the-base-Transceiver-Station,-except-for-the-
antenna-cables,-which-are-handy-from-the-pinnacle-of-the-bottom-Transceiver-Station.

5
 CHAPTER-2

2.1-BTS-TO-RRU(RADIO-REMOTE-UNIT)

The-RRUS-remotely-extends-the-attain-of-the-RBS-with-the-aid-of-as-much-as-40-km.The-
RRU-is-used-close-to-the-antenna.-A-fiber-optic-cable-connects-the---RRUS-to-the-RBS-
foremost-unit-or-an-increased-macro-RBS.The-RRUSs-may-be-linked-in-a-star-
configuration-or-in-a-cascade-configuration-with-optical-cable-hyperlinks.

For-LTE-configurations-with-twin-TX-RRUSs,-redundancy-can-be-accomplished-through-
move-connecting-the-antenna-feeders-among-the-RRUS-and-the-antenna.-For-extra-
statistics,-talk-to-go-SectorAntennaSharingRedundancy.-The-RET-interface-at-the-RRUS-is-
the-hyperlink-to-the-antennacommunicationsystem.-

RRUS-helps-WCDMA,-CDMA-and-LTE-FDD-(depending-on-frequency-band).-It-has-two-
duplex-RX/TX-branches-and-supports-pass-connection-of-RX-ports-with-different-RRUs.

--------------------------Fig-2.1--BTS-to-RRU-wire-connection

6
-------------------------------Fig-2.2-BTS-to-RRU-wire-connection

2.2-MAIN-FEATURESOF-RRU
Relying-on-the-software-program-application,-the-RRUS-helps-the-Antenna-device-
Controller(ASC),-the-Tower-established-Amplifier(TMA),-or-the-remote-electrical-Tilt-
Unit(RETU).-The-RETU-can-be-related-both-thru-theASC-or-the-faraway-Interface-Unit-
(RIU)-over-the-antenna-interface-or-directly-the-usage-of-the-RRUS-Antenna-Line-tool-
(ALD)-or-far-off-electrical-Tilt-(RET)control-interface.

7
 CHAPTER-3

RADIO-FREQUENCY-DETAILS

3.1-RADIO-HYPERLINK
a-number-of-the-important-traits-of-a-radio-get-entry-to-link-are-the-spectrum-used,-
frequencies-of-operation,-spectral-efficiency,-multiple-get-admission-to-protocol,-dynamic-
variety,-and-visitors-carrying-potential.-these-elements-are-discussed-in-element-below.

3.2-SPECTRUM-&-FREQUENCIES
A-CDMA-device-requires-a-separate-2.seventy-two-MHz(3.5MHz-which-includes-
guardbands)-channel-in-each-path-separated-by-either-100-MHz,or-a-hundred-seventy-five-
MHz-of-bandwidth,-depending-on-the-band-of-operation.-The-gadget-will-operate-in-
considered-one-of-four-3.five-MHz-subchannel-pairs-in-one-of-the-14-MHz-channel-pairs.

3.3RBU-ability-&-SPECTAL-efficiency
One-RBU-can-guide-128-simultaneous-34-Kbps-channels-the-use-of-the-2.72-MHz-
bandwidth-giving-it-a-spectral-performance-of-1.6-bits/Hz.-Of-this-total-ability,-nine-
channels-are-used-by-the-machine-and-an-extra-2-Kbps-according-to-channel-is-machine-
overhead.-accordingly-the-effective-visitors-wearing-capacity-is-119-channels-at-32-kbps.-
with-the-intention-to-further-guarantee-persisted-operations-beneath-less-than-best-
environmental-conditions,-the-machine-is-conservatively-rated-for-100-channels-at-32-
Kbps.The-spectral-performance-of-the-gadget-is-three-to-five-instances-that-of-competitive-
CDMA-structures-often-because-this-machine-employs-bi-directional-Synchronous-CDMA-
(S-CDMA).-Competing-structures,-such-as-those-based-on-IS-ninety-five-are-asynchronous-
or-at-quality-synchronous-best-in-a-single-course.-The-bi-directional-synchronicity-allows-
this-gadget-to-use-close-to-orthogonal-codes-and-advantage-maximum-possible-records-
carryingcapacity.-As-designed,-the-machine-is-code-limited-not-like-most-other-CDMA-
systems-which-can-be-noise-or-interference-restricted.

3.4POWER-control
Radio-emissions-lose-electricity-as-they-travel-in-air-over-long-distances.-for-you-to-make-
sure-that-the-obtained-signal-strength-from-a-distant-subscriber-isn't-completely-beaten-

8
with-the-aid-of-that-of-a-near-subscriber,-the-RBU-controls-the-strength-stage-of-the-
subscriber-unit.-in-this-device,-only-the-reverse-channel-power-(fromSU-to-the-RBU)-is-
managed-by-the-RBU.-This-electricity-manage-is-in-the-main-installed-at-SU-initialization.-
next-power-modifications-are-probable-to-be-rare-and-mostly-in-response-to-transient-
environmental-situations.-The-closed-loop-electricity-manage-is-implemented-via-
evaluating-in-opposition-to-a-preferred-electricity-level-and-making-incremental-
adjustments-until-the-preferred-stage-is-carried-out.The-forward-channel-electricity-
manipulate-isn't-wished-on-the-grounds-that-each-SU-receives-its-complete-sign-at-best-
one-level.-The-RBU-simply-to-ensures-that-the-received-sign-power-through-the-farthest-
SU-is-sufficient-for-its-application.The-nominal-average-strength-in-both-guidelines-is-
14dbm.

3.5RANGE
The-variety-of-an-RBU-is-nominally-decided-by-using-the-farthest-SU-that-can-be-served-
by-way-of-the-RBU.-This-indicates-that-the-variety-is-decided-by-using-the-farthest-SU-
that-has-a-obtained-sign-power-that-is-big-sufficient-to-keep-the-bit-errors-charge-beneath-
the-applicable-threshold.-This-device-is-nominally-designed-to-serve-an-SU-at-a-distance-
of-10-km-from-the-base-station-antenna-with-a-piece-mistakes-rate-of-less-than-1x10--6.-
Given-exact-line-of-sight-and-environmental-conditions,-this-range-can-be-in-addition-
prolonged-up-to-30-km-or-more.-It-isn't-continually-appropriate-to-have-an-prolonged-
variety.-In-a-dense-urban-or-even-a-suburban-setting,-oneneeds-to-install-the-gadget-in-a-
cellular-architecture-as-depicted-below.-To-reduce-interference-among-sectors-and-among-
cells-in-one-of-these-deployment,-one-wishes-to-restriction-the-range-of-an-RBU---usual-as-
well-as-selectively-in-specific-directions.-Such-variety-manipulate-can-be-finished-using-
directional-master-antenna-on-the-RBU-as-well-through-controlling-common-RBU-
electricity.-This-system-has-been-designed-with-a-dynamic-variety-manipulate-of-100m-to-
30-km.-consequently-in-a-dense-urban-setting-with-need-for-p.c.-mobile-deployment,-the-
RBU-range-may-be-pulled-again-to-as-low-as-100m.-In-an-overlay-community-with-
scattered-customers-or-in-a-semi-rural-placing-the-range-can-be-extended-to-30-km-and-
past.-Of-direction-the-real-range-that-can-be-realized-depends-on-site-unique-situations.

three.6-gadget-ability

9
As-referred-to-before,-the-device-is-rated-to-offer-at-the-least-100-concurrently-active-
32kbps-channels-the-usage-of-3.five-MHz-bandwidth-in-each-path.-visitors-engineering-
based-on-the-character,-distribution,-keeping-time-and-different-parameters-could-
determine-the-wide-variety-and-kind-of-subscribers-that-may-be-put-on-a-
singleRBU.conventional-cell-deployment-concerning-sectors,-cells,-and-multiple-frequency-
pairs-is-the-most-pragmatic-approach-to-increase-ability-in-presence-of-restricted-spectrum-
availability.There-are-three-fundamental-parameters-to-keep-in-mind-while-designing-the-
mobile-layout-range-of-each-cellular,number-of-sectors-in-every-mobile,-and-the-frequency-
reuse-pattern-(in-adjacent-sectors-and-cells).-If-some-of-frequency-pairs-are-to-be-had,-it's-
miles-first-class-to-use-unique-frequencies-in-adjacent-sectors-to-reduce-cochannel
interference.-but,-unlike-the-analog-and-TDMA-structures,-the-gadget-does-characteristic-
with
minimal-ability-loss-despite-one-frequency-pair.-In-any-scenario,-additional-frequency-
pairs-will-increase-the-overall-visitors-carrying-ability-of-the-system.The-quantity-of-
sectors-is-a-characteristic-of-visitors-to-be-carried,-real-distribution-of-site-visitors,-and-the-
antenna-availability-and-price.-To-reduce-adjacent-region-interference-reverse-round-
polarization-is-suggested
with-adjoining-sector-antennas-having-alternating-right-Hand-(RHcp)-and-Left-Hand-
(LHcp)-circular-polarity.-This-alternating-circular-polarity-offers-an-extra-6-dB-separation,-
thereby-decreasing-adjoining-region-interference.-For-uniformly-allotted-visitors,-a-6-zone-
method-is-recommended-asantennas-are-distinctly-commonplace-for-the-60-beam-width.-
however,-the-quantity-of-sectors-isn't-a-set-range-because-the-gadget-can-accommodate-
extraordinary-quantity-of-sectors-as-wished.

The-variety-of-every-mobile-is-a-feature-of-visitors-distribution.-The-machine-is-designed-
in-order-that-the-RBU-strength-can-be-adjusted-to-govern-the-nominal-mobile/zone-variety-
from-100m-to-30-km.-Of-direction-the-maximum-cell-size-is-depending-on-triumphing-
topography-and-other-environmental-conditions-and-suited-bit-error-fee.This-system-is-in-
all-likelihood-to-suffer-minimum-capability-degradation-underneath-a-single-frequency-
reuse-sample-for-the-subsequent-motives:

The-directional-antennas-and-stuck-application-provide-the-power-to-setup-the-RBU-
and-SU-antennasso-as-to-limit-interference,-some-thing-that-can't-be-performed-with-

10
structures-using-omniSUantennas.-An-SU-is-much-more-likely-to-suffer-interference-from-
an-adjacent-cellular-in-preference-to-an-adjacentsector.
Alternating-opposite-antenna-polarity-reduces-adjacent-sector-interference-alongside-
common-obstacles.
Synchronous-CDMA-inherently-reduces-interference-results-by-rejecting-alerts-out-
of-doors-the-time-slot(chip-boundary).-This-effect-is-in-addition-more-desirable-by-using-
randomization-of-the-P/N-codes.
The-potential-to-alter-the-RBU-strength-to-fulfill-the-desires-of-the-mobile-size-
without-sacrificing-ability-reducesinterference-from-adjoining-cells.
The-device-is-code-confined,-no-longer-noise-or-interference-limited.-therefore-
there's-a-buffer-for-additionalinterference-from-adjoining-sectors-without-degrading-the-
capability.

The-combined-effect-of-a-lot-of-these-elements-is-that-the-device-may-be-utilized-in-a-
multi-sectored-cellulararchitecture-with-simply-one-frequency-pair-to-offer-surprisingly-
high-traffic-carrying-potential.-the-subsequent-table-illustrates-one-of-a-kind-scenarios-for-
load-wearing-capability-of-a-unmarried-RBU-machine.-the-load-Density-column-indicates-
the-site-visitors-that-might-be-carried-with-cells-sectorized-as-indicated-with-one-RBU-in-
keeping-with-area-in-step-with-cell.

Scenario Cell- Sectors Area/Secto Capacity Load-Density

Radiu r
s
Metro 100m 6(60degree 0.00433km 100-Erlangs 23,000-Erlangs/km-sq.
) -sq.
Urban 500m 6(60degree 0.10823- 100-Erlangs 920-Erlangs/km-sq.
) km-sq.
Suburba 1-km 6(60degree 0.433-km- 100-Erlangs 230-Erlangs/km-sq.
n ) sq.
Rural 10km 1(omni) 314.16- 100-Erlangs 0.32-Erlangs/km-sq.
km-sq.

Table-1Different-scenarios-for-load-carrying-capacityof-a-single-RBU-System

The-real-wide-variety-of-subscribers-in-keeping-with-RBU-is-constrained-to-2,500.-as-a-
consequence-within-the-restriction,-the-system-may-want-to-serve-a-subscriber-density-of-
460,000-per-km-sq.-(which-must-be-more-than-enough-for-even-the-maximum-densely-

11
populated-cities).-inside-the-more-common-urban-scenarios-with-a-cellular-radius-of-500m-
and-with-a-enormously-excessive-visitors-load-of-zero.1-Erlangs-in-line-with-subscriber-
(for-a-complete-of-one,000-subscribers-in-step-with-RBU),-the-device-can-serve-a-
subscriber-density-of-nine,2-hundred-subscribers-in-line-with-km-sq.-all-of-the-numbers-
said-above-are-for-unmarried-frequency-re-use.-higher-visitors-densities-can-be-served-with-
multiple-frequency-pairs.-hence-the-system-has-sufficient-margins-to-serve-excessive-
subscriber-densities-even-when-the-traffic-sporting-potential-is-really-degraded-due-to-
adverse-environmental-conditions.

3.7CALL-PROCESSING
when-an-SU-detects-an-off-hook-(the-person-has-picked-up-the-telephone),-it'll-transmit-an-
outgoing-name-request-on-one-of-the-6-reverse-synchronous-aspect-channels-in-a-Slotted-
ALOHA-fashion.-The-side-channel-is-selected-at-random.-The-RBU-will-method-this-
request-and,-imparting-an-lively-channel-is-available,send-an-outgoing-call-respond-to-the-
SU-which-contains-the-energetic-channel-codes-(each-ahead-and-reverse).-within-the-
interim,-the-RBU-will-start-to-transmit-forward-side-channel-records-on-the-newly-
activated-channel-and-at-a-given-time,-start-to-transmit-the-lively-name-information.-The-
SU,-which-is-being-attentive-to-the-forward-facet-channel,-will-receive-the-lively-channel-
task-and-transfer-at-a-superframe-boundary-to-the-lively-codes.-it'll-start-to-obtain-the-facet-
channel-statistics-after-which-the-lively-call-information.

when-an-incoming-name-is-received-by-way-of-the-DSCO-for-one-of-the-SUs-in-the-
neighborhood-loop,-the-RBU-can-be-notified.-The-RBU-will-first-test-to-see-if-the-meant-
SU-is-busy.-If-not,-the-RBU-will-send-a-message-to-the-SU-on-the-ahead-aspect-channel-
that-consists-of-the-lively-channel-codes.-The-manner-then-continuesthe-equal-because-the-
outgoing-call-processing-discussed-above.

If-all-channels-are-busy-and-the-DSCO-receives-an-incoming-call-for-a-non-busy-
subscriber,-it-provides-a-subscriber-busy-tone-to-the-caller-until-the-known-as-SU-has-
priority-inbound-get-right-of-entry-to-(like-a-health-facility,-hearth-station,-or-police),-in-
which-case-the-DSCO-will-teach-the-RBU-to-drop-the-least-priority-name-to-loose-up-a-
channel-for-the-referred-to-as-SU.-in-addition,-if-an-SU-initiates-request-for-carrier-and-no-
traffic-channels-are-open,-then-the-RBU-presents-the-dial-tone-on-a-facet-channel-and-gets-
the-dialed-number.-If-the-dialled-range-is-an-emergency-quantity-then-the-RBU-drops-a-
least-priority-call-to-loose-up-a-traffic-channel-and-connect-it-to-the-SU.-If-the-referred-to-
as-variety-isn't-always-an-emergency-range-then-the-SU-is-furnished-a-softbusy-tone-
indicating-a-look-forward-to-provider-circumstance.

3.eight,OPERATIONS,ADMINISTRATIONMAINTENANCE&-PROVISIONING
Eagle-control-Suite-mentioned-earlier-provides-Operations,-administration,-maintenance,-
andProvisioning-(OAM&P)-capabilities.-it-is-a-software-module-that-needs-a-Pentium-II-/-
266MHz-computer-or-betterrunning-home-windows-NT-with-English-language-interface.-
it-can-be-on-dedicated-hardware-or-co-residentwith-a-well-suited-hardware-platform-

12
strolling-the-administration-Terminal-(AT)-for-the-DSCO.-The-EMScan-communicate-with-
the-DSCO-using-an-RS232-interface-or-a-LAN-connection-(like-ArcnetorEthernet)-and-
also-can-be-connected-to-an-RBU-the-use-of-an-RS232-connection.

13
 CHAPTER4

OPERATIONS,ADMINISTRATION,MAINTENANCE-AND-
PROVISIONING
4.1-OPERATIONS

4.1.1-device-ACTIVATION-/-DEACTIVATION
All-equipment-components-may-be-activated-and-deactivated.-that-is-used-variously-inside-
the-provisioning-and-upkeep-of-the-gadget-in-addition-to-for-security-functions-
(compromise/theft-of-device)-or-a-alternate-of-over-the-air-frequency-planning.

4.1.2-FAILUREDETECTION
disasters-are-mechanically-mentioned-to-the-EMS.-The-records-is-then-pronounced,-
logged,-and-displayed-in-keeping-with-operator-described-parameters.

4.1.3-fame-display
A-everlasting-status-show-window-is-furnished-as-part-of-the-principle-display-of-
theoperator-console.-The-unique-additives-for-which-popularity-is-said-are-configurable-by-
using-the-operator.

4.1.four-OPERATOR-INTERFACE
the-person-system-Interface-for-the-EMS-machine-is-hosted-on-a-pc-with-a-minimum-
configuration-as-described-in-the-table-under.-The-EMS-platform-uses-a-Graphical-user
Interface-that-is-performed-in-element-through-the-inherent-look-and-sense-of-the-home-
windows-architecture-and-complimented-by-way-of-different-capabilities-specific-to-the-
OAM&P-necessities-of-the--gadget.-The-interface-lets-in-for-both-keyboard-or-mouse-
inputs-and-affords-the-operator-with-reputation-display-home-windows-for-selected-
equipment-as-well-as-an-Operator-Consolethatdisplays-a-extensive-variety-of-facts-based-
on-consumer-selectable-records-filters.-protected-within-the-statistics-filtering-options-can-
be-alternatives-such-as-the-displaying-of-system-alarms-on-the-idea-of-form-of-alarm,-
source-of-alarm,-or-category-of-alarm.

14
Attribute Processor Operating- Mass- RAM Monitor Resolution
system storage
Requirement Pentium-II Windows- 2GB 64GB 17VGA 1024x768
NT

----------------------------Table-2-Minimum-EMS-Host-Platform-Configuration

4.2-ADMINISTRATION

4.2.1-SECURITY

it's-miles-described-because-the-get-admission-to-protection-afforded-the-subsystems.-The-
machine-Log-and-hobby-reports-mentioned-below-contribute-to-gadget-protection-however-
aren't-particular-to-security-issues.-To-simplify-the-management-system,-all-get-admission-
to-procedures-can-be-disabled-via-the-carrier-issuer.

RBU-get-entry-to
3-levels-of-operators-are-supported:-machine-Administrator,-system-supervisor,-and
Technician.-every-elegance-of-operator-has-a-number-defined-get-admission-to-inside-the-
EMS-and-is-uniquely-recognized-by-way-of-a-mixture-of-person-identification-and-
personal-identification-range-(PIN).-As-an-delivered-degree-of-safety,-the-EMS-is-capable-
of-verifying-person-id-enter-by-using-an-external-swipe-card-device.

a) A-system-ADMINISTRATOR
it's-miles-the-most-effective-operator-capable-of-perform-all-features-within-the-manipulate-
of-the-EMS.-features-specific-to-an-administrator-are-introduction,-amendment,-and-
deletion-of-other-operators.

b) ASYSTEM-manager
It-has-the-capability-to-perform-the-ones-features-required-for-every-day-operations-and-set-
up-of-subscriber-gadget.-A-system-supervisor-can-also-add-Technicians-to-the-
machine,provision-customers,-and-perform-Operations-capabilities.
c) TECHNICIAN-get-right-of-entry-to
it-is-limited-to-actions-related-to-the-set-up-and-preservation-of-the-RBU-and-CPE.
SUBSCRIBER-UNIT-get-entry-to
The-SU-is-sealed-with-a-lead-seal-at-the-time-of-installation-in-an-effort-to-detecttampering-
of-the-unit.-additionally,-an-alarm-is-raised-on-the-EMS-console-upon-detection-of-viable-
robbery-of-services-or-movement-of-the-SU.

interest-reports
The-moves-finished-by-using-the-system-Administrator,-machine-supervisor-or-
Technician

15
are-logged-to-disk-on-the-EMS-terminal.-the-extent-of-element-within-the-hobby-log-is-
configurable-by-way-of-a-system-Administrator-to-allow-for-control-of-the-disk-space-
resources.-The-data-logged-to-disk-lets-in-for-reports-to-be-generated-for-a-class-of-
operators-over-a-given-time-period.-The-gadget-Administrator-is-responsible-for-periodic-
backup-of-the-interest-log-using-preferred-system-capabilities.
machine-LOG
The-gadget-Log-information-all-gadget-interest-and-is-maintained-in-non-volatile-memory-
in-theEMS-platform.-included-inside-the-device-Log-are-faults,-alarms,-configuration-
instructions,-provisioning-requests,-and-make-contact-with-hobby.-the-level-of-element-
inside-every-location-is-configurable-by-using-the-gadget-Administrator.

The-EMS-additionally-offers-facilities-for-interrogating-the-system-Log-to-pick-out-and-
display-activities-in-a-honest-way.-This-includes-facilities-together-with-analysis-of-faults,-
reviews-on-name-interest-for-the-gadget-of-a-pick-institution-of-strains,-examinations-of-
instructions-invoked-by-way-of-a-particular-operator,-and-many-others.

Subscriber-name-information
The-EMS-maintains-subscriber-call-information-just-like-that-utilized-in-usual-CallDetail-
report-(CDR)-accounting.-This-records-includes-caller-id,-referred-to-as-birthday-party-id,-
call-origination-and-termination-times,-name-priority,-and-other-lower-degree-statistics-
utilized-in-calculating-device-overall-performance-information.

four.3-maintenance

4.three.1TEST-AND-DIAGNOSTICS
The-check-and-Diagnostics-functions-are-contained-in-the-built-in-check-(BIT)capabilities-
of-the-machine.-Inherent-hardware-and-software-checks-exist-in-the--equipmentdown-to-
the-extent-of-a-discipline-Replaceable-Unit-(FRU)-and-are-designed-to-discover-and-isolate-
non-functional-FRUs-as-hastily-as-possible.-At-a-minimal,-the-internal-hardware-exams-for-
every-FRU-are-able-to-signify-the-operational-status-at-energy-on-and-upon-request-from-
the-tracking-unit.-extra-particular-software-exams-live-both-internally-and-externally-to-the-
diverse-FRUs-and-are-used-to-further-examine-their-operational-repute.-application-of-BIT-
is-dependent-on-the-present-day-country-or-mode-of-the-FRU(s).-The-three-kingdom-
conditions-are-described-as-follows:

INITIALIZATION-country
This-kingdom-is-described-with-the-aid-of-a-cold-start-or-energy-on-reset-at-the-FRU.-BIT-
is-alwaysapplied-without-delay-with-the-effects-of-the-take-a-look-at-used-by-software-

16
program-to-determine-the-follow-on-country.-Asuccessful-initialization-BIT-transitions-the-
FRU-to-an-in-carrier-state-and-an-unsuccessful-BITtransitions-it-to-an-out-of-service-nation.

online-kingdom
This-country-defines-the-FRU-as-lively-and-in-carrier.-The-FRU-can-be-
continuallymonitored-or-polled-for-status-even-as-inside-the-online-nation.-limited-BIT-
workouts-may-be-appliedperiodically-every-time-the-FRU-is-idle-or-as-part-of-recurring-
checking-out-such-that-it-does-no-longer-interfere-withactive-customers.

OFFLINE-state
This-country-defines-the-FRU-as-out-of-service.-BIT-can-be-implemented-at-every-time-
under-control
of-the-EMS-software-program-or-system-Operator-as-defined-above.

four.three.2-RBU-BIT
The-RBU-constructed-In-assessments-are-the-primary-set-of-tests-which-might-be-used-to-
determine-that-the-systemmay-be-introduced-into-provider-and-for-detecting-and-isolating-
faults-as-soon-as-the-machine-has-transitioned-to-an-in-carrier-operational-configuration.-at-
some-point-of-the-initialization-nation,-BIT-is-completed-on-the-partitioned-(twin-
Redundancy)-FRUs-first.-All-FRUs-associated-with-the-partition-ought-to-correctly-
complete-the-scripted-BIT-exercises-to-permit-the-partition-to-transition-to-an-in-carrier-
nation.-to-finish-the-initialization-country,-the-targeted-on-line-hyperlink-control-Processor-
(LCP)-guarantees-that-BIT-is-executed-on-all-of-the-last-FRUs.-in-the-case-of-choose-
FRUs-no-longer-passing-the-initialization-BIT-but-in-which-constrained-operational-
reputation-may-additionally-nevertheless-be-executed,-the-operator-is-provided-with-the-
option-of-proceeding-to-a-degraded-in-service-mode.

four.three.3-SU-BIT
The-BIT-for-the-SU-is-implemented-at-SU-initialization-or-upon-request-by-using-the-RBU-
(EMS).-The-SU-is-initially-initialized-for-the-duration-of-the-provisioning-of-the-unit-on-
the-client-region.-once-installation-has-proceeded-to-the-factor-of-making-use-of-strength-
to-the-SU,-the-SU-BIT-will-affirm-the-CCA-(modem,-RFFE,-subscriber-interface)-
operational-repute-as-well-as-that-of-the-strength-supply-(inclusive-of-battery-backup)-prior-
to-entering-an-online-country.-as-soon-as-hyperlink-availability-is-set-up,-the-results-of-the-
set-up-and-BIT-are-suggested-to-the-RBU-and-the-SU-is-transitioned-to-an-in-provider-
nation.-once-the-operational-country-is-acquired,-the-SU-constantly-video-display-units-the-
ahead-channel-bit-blunders-rate-and-the-fame-of-the-primary-strength,-making-this-facts-to-
be-had-to-the-EMS-on-call-for.

in-addition-to-the-unit-specific-exams-for-both-the-RBU-and-the-SU,-the-EMS-is-capable-
of-command-the-initiation-of-gadget-level-BIT-sports-related-to-each-the-RBU-and-the-SU.-
these-consist-of-diverse-RF-and-digital-loopbacks,-a-make/ruin-dial-tone-test,-a-phone-(or-

17
X.21-DTE)-gift-test,-and-the-tracking-of-an-in-depth-list-of-hyperlink-performance-facts-
(errors-free-Seconds,-Bit-mistakes-fee,-and-so-on.).

4.three.4-restore-AND-renovation-REQUESTS
restore-and-upkeep-requests-are-initiated-in-3-one-of-a-kind-ways-
A-subscriber-reports-an-equipment-or-carrier-problem.
An-errors-condition-requiring-service-is-detected-at-the-EMS.
A-unit-BTS-or-SU-is-scheduled-for-periodic-upkeep,-alternative-or-improve.

as-soon-as-a-request-is-hooked-up-through-this-type-of-3-manner,-a-piece-Order-generated,-
resulting-intechnician-response.-a-few-upkeep-actions-can-be-addressed-thru-the-over-the-
air-down-load-ofsoftware-(patches-or-upgrades)-to-the-SU.-this-will-be-achieved-over-an-
assigned-64-kb/s-channel-with-the-software-program-contained-in-the-user-facts-fields-of-
the-message-frames.

4.four-PROVISIONING-AND-CONFIGURATION
Provisioning-and-configuration-activities-contain-initial-provisioning-of-a-device-and
modifications-to-an-current-device-configuration.

four.4.1-initial-machine-PROVISIONING
initial-device-provisioning-is-the-first-ever-deployment-of-the-machine--into-a-given-
geographical-service-location-and-is-in-effect-each-time-a-new-DSCO-is-being-deployed.-
All-other-provisioning-activity-(addition-of-BTSs-or-RBUs,-CPE)-will-be-considered-
modifications-to-the-existing-configuration.-once-the-architecture-(variety-of-RBUs,-CPE,-
provider-mix,-subscriber-places,-and-many-others.)-for-the-device-is-decided-and-the-BTS-
is-bodily-set-up-and-related-to-the-DSCO,-the-device-installer-(the-use-of-the-EMS-
interface)-configures-the-link-manage-Processor-within-the-RBU-to-deal-with-the-particular-
state-of-affairs-being-provisioned.-The-LCP-has-the-responsibility-to-coordinate-and-
preserve-all-radiospecific-provisioning-parameters.Provisioning-information-is-categorized-
as:

Radio-characteristics
carrier-configuration---Telephony,-statistics-carrier,-payphone
hardware-configuration
Periodic-capabilities
DSCO/EMS-configuration-statistics
Subscriber-and-CPE-information

as-soon-as-the-EMS,-DSCO,-and-BTS-components-are-correctly-mounted,-the-provisioning-
records-entered-for-the-CPE-is-used-to-create-a-work-Order-to-provoke-the-physical-
installation-of-the-CPE-via-a-technician-.The-initial-Boresight-Alignment-device-(IBAT)-is-
the-key-craft-accent-used-in-the-provisioning-the-CPE/SU.-The-IBAT-is-a-handheld,-

18
battery-powered-tool-that-offers--essential-capabilities-in-the-installation-of-the-Subscriber-
Unit:

Transfers-technician-identity/paintings-Order-variety-information-to-the-RBU-to-
affirm-the-legal-installationof-the-SU-(presents-SU-and-service-robbery-protection).

Assists-the-technician-in-aligning-the-SU-antenna-in-a-course-that-maximizes-RF-
hyperlink-performance-with-the-RBU.-The-IBAT-reads-the-acquired-strength-stages-for-
various-adjustment-positions-tried-by-using-the-installer.-It-shops-the-diverse-signal-tiers-
and,-after-a-chain-of-readings,-suggests-to-the-installer-whilst-he-has-back-to-the-location-
of-maximum-link-margin.

four.four.2-enhancing-device-CONFIGURATION
All-amendment-of-the-device-configuration-is-completed-via-the-EMS-and-must-occur-
without-disruption-or-effect-to-the-provider-of-current-users.-The-EMS-interface-lets-in-for-
the-addition-or-deletion-of-DSCOs,-RBUs,-and-SUs.-in-the-case-of-the-SUs,-additional-
changes-may-be-made-to-change-the-randomizing-code-(specific-to-a-single-cellular-or-
area)-or-change-the-frequency-of-operation-to-any-other-of-the-4-subbandfrequencies-
inside-the-identical-14-MHz-F.283-5-channel.-The-RBU-is-likewise-capable-of-briefly-
discontinuing-provider-to-an-SU-for-system-restore-or-other-reasons.

The-over-the-air-commands-to-the-SUs-can-be-made-either-individually,-group-addressed-
to-a-subset-of-the-deployed-SUs,-or-to-all-SUs-in-a-cell-or-quarter.-The-code-or-frequency-
alternate-techniques-will-utilize-a-comfy-key-system-to-make-certain-that-unauthorized-
RBUs-or-imitators-can't-train-a-trade.-additionally,-earlier-than-the-very-last-command-for-
a-alternate-is-despatched-out-through-the-controlling-RBU,-the-RBU-requires-each-SU-to-
well-known-that-it-has-acquired-the-new-code-or-frequency-details-and-that-a-exchange-is-
coming-near-near.-This-permits-the-real-RBU-to-elevate-an-alarm-if-it-gets-this-
acknowledgment--from-any-SU.

19
 CHAPTER-5

--------------------------------------GENERAL-FUNCTIONS

5.1-PROTOCOL-BETWEEN-RBU-AND-SU

Command-and-standing-communication-among-the-RBU-and-SU-is-supplied-thru-overhead-
manipulate-bytes-contained-in-the-active-channel-body-or-in-a-frame-sent-on-a-32-kbps-
aspect-channel.

5.1.1-ANTENNA
An-antenna-with-an-N-type-girl-connector-must-be-positioned-as-near-the-base-Transceiver-
Station-as-feasible.-This-antenna-can-be-established-on-a-tower,-pole,-constructing-or-
suitable-structure.

five.1.2-RF-CYCLE
The-duration-of-the-50-Ohm-coaxial-RF-cable-from-the-base-Transceiver-Station-to-the-
antenna-is-web-site-unique-and-is-suggested-to-be-kind-LDF5-50A-synthetic-by-way-of-
Andrew-(attenuation-for-100m-of-type-LDF5-50A-cable-is-about-6-dB-at-2-GHz-and-10-
dB-at-4-GHz).-An-N-type-male-connector-is-distinctive-for-each-ends.

five.1.3-GROUNDING
A-chassis-ground-stud-is-supplied-for-connecting-the-bottom-Transceiver-Station-to-a-
required-earth-floor-point-provided-by-using-the-installer.-ESD-protection-of-the-base-
Transceiver-Station-is-supplied-via-hardwired-chassis-connection-to-earth-and-a-
neighborhood-floor-strap-attachment-factor.-All-grounding-have-to-be-in-accordance-with-
local-code.

five.1.four-prime-electricity-INTERFACE
the-base-Transceiver-Station-accepts-a-wonderful-floor-DC-input-voltage-source-40.8-thru-
sixty-nine-VDC.-Terminal-screws-located-in-the-back-of-the-Circuit-Breaker-assembly-are-
available-to-attach-top-strength.

five.1.five-system-fitness-display-feature
device-fitness-is-periodically-monitored-and-results-are-stored-at-the-RBU.-wherein-viable-
the-RBU-and-SU-discover-faults-and-isolate-them-to-the-failing-area-Replaceable-Unit-
(FRU).
Request-for/get-admission-to-to-device-fitness-records.Requests-for-system-health-records-
come-thru-the-community-detail-control-machine-(EMS)-which-is-connected-to-the-RBU-
via-the-commonplace-channel-signaling-interface-to-the-DSCO.additionally,health-records-
and-command-BIT-can-be-accessed-via-the-maintenance-terminal.

20
5.1.6-device-fitness-AND-information-storage
entire-modern-machine-health-repute-is-saved-in-the-RBU-unstable-reminiscence.-The-
status-is-up-to-date-constantly.-fitness-repute-is-retrieved-by-means-of-the-EMS-at-periods-
of-about-10-minutes.-The-records-is-stored-in-non-volatile-memory-at-the-EMS-for-a-
length-of-a-least-forty-eight-hours.

five.2-built-in-take-a-look-at-necessities
built-in-hardware-and-software-program-exams-exist-down-to-the-FRU-degree-to-attempt-
to-discover-non-useful-FRUs-as-rapidly-as-possible.-at-the-least-the-internal-hardware-
checks-for-each-FRU-try-to-signify-its-operational-status-at-energy-On-and-upon-request-
from-the-monitoring-unit.-The-software-tests-are-living-both-internally-and-externally-to-
the-FRU-and-attempt-to-affirm-the-functional-repute-of-the-FRU.-utility-of-BIT-relies-upon-
the-present-day-country-or-mode-of-the-FRU(s).-The-three-nation-conditions-are-described-
as-follows:

-5.2.1-INITIALIZATION-country
a-chilly-start-or-energy-on-reset-at-the-FRU-forces-this-kingdom.-BIT-is-implemented-
without-delay-with-the-consequences-of-the-check-utilized-by-software-to-decide-the-
observe-on-state.-A-successful-BIT-end-result-forces-a-transition-to-an-in-provider-
kingdom-wherein-as-an-unsuccessful-BIT-result-forces-a-transition-to-the-out-of-provider-
country.

five.2.2-ON--LINE-state
This-nation-defines-the-FRU-as-active-and-in-provider.-The-FRU-could-be-always-
monitored-or-polled-for-fame.-BIT-may-be-applied-each-time-a-fault-is-suspected-inside-
the-FRU.-BIT-can-also-be-carried-out-periodically-every-time-the-FRU-is-idle-as-part-of-
recurring-checking-out-such-that-it-does-no-longer-intervene-with-energetic-customers.

5.2.three-OFF-LINE-nation
This-state-defines-the-FRU-as-out-of-provider.-BIT-can-be-applied-at-anytime-underneath-
manipulate-of-the-software-or-at-the-request-of-renovation-employees.

five.three-RBU-constructed-IN-exams
The-RBU-BIT-is-the-primary-check-for-bringing-the-system-into-provider-and-for-trying-to-
discover-and-isolate-troubles-as-soon-as-the-gadget-has-achieved-an-operational-
configuration.-for-the-duration-of-the-Initialization-nation,-in-the-case-of-an-RBU-
configured-for-redundancy,-BIT-is-carried-out-at-the-lively-FRUs-first.-All-FRUs-related-to-
the-partition-have-to-entire-a-a-hit-take-a-look-at-to-permit-the-partition-to-transition-to-an-
inservicestate.-to-finish-the-Initialization-country-the-specific-active-link-control-Processor-
(LCP)-ensures-that-BIT-is-carried-out-on-all-of-the-remaining-FRUs.

21
The-closing-FRUs-includes-the-N+1-redundant-and-non-redundant-gadget-including:
virtual-Receivers
E1-Framers
Baseband-Combiner
Synchronization
RF-the-front-quit
electricity-substances
RF-energy-Amplifiers
lovers
a-number-of-these-exams-are-restricted-and-may-be-as-easy-as-polling-the-status-of-the-
FRU.-The-effects-of-thesetests-are-pronounced-to-the-EMS-previous-to-coming-into-the-on-
line-operational-state.-once-the-operational-kingdom-isobtained-the-everyday-online-BIT-
runs-periodically.-The-RBU-periodically-polls-for-operational-reputation-fromthe-related-
CPE.

5.four-CPE-constructed-IN-checks
The-BIT-for-the-CPE-is-applied-at-SU-initialization-or-upon-request-by-using-the-EMS.-at-
some-point-of-initialization-SU-BIT-tries-to-verify-SU-operational-popularity-and-
electricity-deliver-repute-which-include-fundamental-and-battery-backuppower-source-
previous-to-getting-into-an-in-provider-state.-status-quo-of-link-availability-completes-the-
on-line-operational-state-and-take-a-look-at-effects-are-mentioned-to-the-RBU.-as-soon-as-
the-operational-state-is-acquired-the-CPE-BIT-usually-monitors-the-energy-repute-and-
reviews-any-changes-to-the-RBU.-The-SU-and-the-RBUmonitor-forward-and-reverse-
hyperlink-envisioned-Bit-mistakes-fee-(BER)-and-make-this-facts-to-be-had-to-the-EMS.-
Re-encode-and-compare-(SER)-is-used-on-all-lively-links-in-both-directions.-while-an-SU-
isn't-energetic-it-reviews-symbol-blunders-fee-(SER)-for-the-forward-aspect-channel.

five.five-OPERATION-administration,-protection-&-PROVISIONING
useful-areas-on-the-EMS-device-fall-into-the-4-categories-of-Operations,-management,-
renovation,-and-Provisioning-(OAM&P).-commands-in-those-classes-and-notifications-
from-the-goal-RBU-system-are-achieved-and-received-from-the-EMS-only.

5.five.1-PLATFORM-&-person-INTERFACE
network-detail-management-software-is-furnished-to-assist-simple-OAM&P-functionality.
The-minimum-required-EMS-platform-is-a-Pentium-II-or-more-pc-walking-at-least-266-
MHz,-with-a-minimum-of-32-MB-memory-and-at-the-very-least-three-hundred-MB-loose-
tough-disk-area.-The-video-need-to-be-an-SVGA-Controller-and-as-a-minimum-a-1024-X-
768-coloration-display.-The-mouse-ought-to-no-longer-be-related-to-a-serial-port-making-to-
be-had-two-serial-ports-(3-serial-ports-are-required-if-EMS-is-to-be-operated-remotely).-

22
This-computer-runs-home-windows-ninety-five-for-software-program-releases-1.X,-
windows-NT-for-two.X-and-makes-use-of-English-as-the-interface-language.

five.five.2-EMS/RBU-access
The-OAM&P-hardware-platform-supports-attachment-to-the-DSCO-thru-a-committed-V.24-
(RS232)-port.-The-DSCO-manages-distribution-of-information-to/from-RBUs-and-the-
EMS/AT.-The-RBU-has-an-additional-V.24-(RS232)-port-for-neighborhood-connections-
when-the-RBU-and-DSCO-are-not-co-positioned.-The-EMS-and-AT-software-supports-a-
far-off-dial-up-connection-thru-the-EMS-console-using-a-software-application-along-with-
-pc-anywhere-32.

five.5.3-OPERATIONS
Operations-consists-of-those-areas-of-the-EMS-capability-that-offer-ongoing-support-hobby-
for-the-gadget.
particularly,-those-regions-assist:
Viewing-the-reputation-of-the-equipment-and-interfaces-to-the-community-Interface-
Unit-(DSCO).
Activation-/-deactivation-of-the-device
Detection-of-mistakes-conditions-and-attempted-analysis-of-root-cause
Interactive-operator-display

every-magnificence-of-operator-has-various-described-get-entry-to-within-the-EMS-
machine-and-is-uniquely-identified-by-a-mixture-of-user-identity-and-PIN-A-machine-
Administrator-is-the-only-operator-able-to-carry-out-all-features-in-the-system.-features-
particular-to-an-administrator-are-creation,-modification,-and-deletion-of-other-operators.-A-
gadget-supervisor-has-the-potential-to-perform-those-functions-required-for-every-day-
operations-and-set-up-of-subscriber-gadget-(i.e.-Technician-features).-A-gadget-supervisor-
may-also-add-Technicians-to-the-gadget,-provision-customers,-and-carry-out-operations-
capabilities.

five.6-checks-&-DIAGNOSTICS
The-EMS-may-additionally-command-tests-to-be-accomplished-on-machine-device-to-
support-the-operator-diagnostic-approaches.-The-outcomes-of-these-assessments-are-
reported-to-the-machine-console-and-replace-the-status-show-of-the-gadget-(if-presently-
active).-handiest-system-administrators-or-machine-Managers-may-also-perform-checks-
and-diagnostics.-check-consequences-that-indicate-hardware-faults-set-off-for-a-piece-order-
to-be-generated-to-accurate-the-hassle.-This-equipment-can-then-be-tested-interactively-
through-the-operator-on-inactive-device-and,-to-a-limited-diploma,-all-through-active-use.

five.6.1-trendy-checking-out

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 MAKE-/-ruin-DIALTONE
The-community-element-management-system-is-capable-of-command-an-SU-to-initiate-the-
looping-of-dialtoneto-the-PSTN.

statistics-LOOP-lower-back
The-community-element-management-system-is-able-to-place-an-SU-in-loop-again-mode-
to-determine-boththe-operation-of-transmission-components-and-link-fine-(BER).

telephone-PRESENCE-check
The-network-detail-management-gadget-is-able-to-command-an-SU-to-provoke-a-test-to-
discover-thepresence-of-a-customer-phone.

RBU-BIT
The-network-detail-management-gadget-is-capable-of-command-the-RBU-machine-to-carry-
out-its-built-intest-and-file-the-outcomes.

SU-BIT
The-network-detail-management-gadget-is-capable-of-command-an-SU-to-perform-its-
integrated-take-a-look-at-andreport-the-results.

fame-ballot-
The-network-detail-control-gadget-is-capable-of-request-each-SU-to-reply-to-a-request-for-
popularity.

automatic-assessments
All-checks-that-may-be-completed-manually-can-be-automated-with-the-use-of-scripts-that-
may-be-finished-on-call-for-or-periodically.exams-(guide-or-automatic)-that-intrude-with-
the-operation-of-SUs-that-areactive-are-cited-however-not-finished.

overall-performance-exams
centers-for-ongoing-bit-mistakes-exams-at-the-RBU-SU-link-and-garage-of-outcomes-at-the-
EMS-are-furnished.From-the-EMS-this-saved-information-is-available-and-may-be-utilized-
for-such-things-as-records-amassing-andplotting.

five.6.2-tracking-sports-&-ALARMS
This-phase-identifies-the-forms-of-networks-and-protection-features-which-may-be-
monitored,-detected-&-corrected-via-the-system.-The-EMS-receives-unsolicited-diagnostic-
records-in-event-messages.-a-few-events-are-interpreted-as-alarms-and-sound-an-audible-
alert.

-The-diagnostic-home-windows-capabilities-are-used-for-
clear-alarms

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 Request-device-reputation
ship-loopback-checks
Reboot-an-RBU
View-RBU-residences
Diagnose-Alarms
remedy-rack-alarms

The-device-software-program-constantly-monitors-the-health-of-the-gadget.-If-a-
noteworthy-event
occurs,-the-thing-that-detects-the-event-sends-an-occasion-message-to-the-EMS.-The-EMS-
shows-the-occasion-in-the-systems-occasions-list-in-a-Diagnostic-window.activities-are-
diagnostic-in-nature-and-comprise-facts-particular-to-the-circumstance-being-said.-The-
occasion-includes-a-severity-indicator.An-alarm-is-an-occasion,-generated-by-way-of-
device-that-has-a-severity-stage-of-errors-or-deadly.-similarly-to-displaying-the-occasion,-
the-EMS-sounds-an-audible-alarm-that-consists-of-a-brief-tone-repeated-as-soon-as-each-
2nd.-This-alarm-can-be-cleared-from-the-EMS.

five.7-tracking-CPE-sports

five.7.1-RBU-ANTENNA-device
The-RBU-is-capable-of-operation-with-a-own-family-of-omni-or-directional-antennas-to-
aid-a-selected-requirement.

5.7.2-BASE-TRANSCEIVER-STATION
the-bottom-Transceiver-Station-configuration-is-designed-for-deployment-into-an-
surroundings-with-marginal-environmental-manage.-The-unit-is-completely-modular-taking-
into-consideration-the-easy-removal-and-replacement-of-the-purposeful-modules.-Cable-I/O-
is-offered-from-the-front-of-the-unit,-besides-for-the-antenna-cable,-which-is-accessible-
from-the-top.-All-FRUs-are-hot-swappable.

5.7.3-CONTROLS-&-signs
Controls-and-signs-for-the-Radio-Base-Unit-are-placed-on-the-front-panel-of-the-unit.-To-
the-extent-feasible,-a-sequence-of-LEDs-starting-from-the-energy-distribution-module-
visually-directs-the-operator-from-cabinet-to-drawer-to-failing-replaceable-module.

5.7.four-CIRCUIT-BREAKER-transfer
A-system-power-on/off-switch-(circuit-breaker)-is-provided-to-defend-a-circuit-overload-
situation-and-is-configured-to-save-you-unintended-close-down.

five.7.five-BTS-ALARMS
the-base-Transceiver-Station-has-alarms-indicating-vital-stage-situations-regarding-the-
Radio-Port-equipment-operation.A-Rack-Alarm-is-supplied-that-offers-each-touch-closure-

25
and-a-crimson-LED-visible-indication-of-any-FRU-failure.-A-receiving-attention-switch,-
latch-and-indicator-are-furnished-that-reasons-a-green-brought-about-mild-and-eliminates-
the-rack-alarm.

5.7.6-customer-PREMISES-gadget
The-CPE-consists-of-three-primary-subsystems,-the-Subscriber-Unit-(SU),-the-network-
Terminating-Unit-(NTU),-and-the-Uninterruptable-strength-supply-(UPS).-each-factor-is-
placed-in-special-areas-of-the-installation-site.-The-SU-is-hooked-up-outdoor-at-a-excessive-
factor-on-the-building-or-on-a-ridged-pole.-The-NTU-is-located-outside-of-the-
home/constructing-on-a-wall-at-or-near-the-point-of-access-of-the-usaand-subscriber-
cabling.-The-usais-positioned-in-the-domestic/building-near-(within-6-ft)-the-factor-where-
prime-supply-strength-is-available.

5.7.7-CONTROLS-&-indicators
The-handiest-indicator-at-the-CPE-is-the-u.s.power-on-indicator.-Controls-and-different-
signs-can-be-accessed-wirelessly-thru-the-EMS-or-through-the-IBAT.

5.eight-COOLING-FOR-THE-BTS
the-base-Transceiver-Station-is-based-on-compelled-convection-air-cooling-i.e.-fanatics,-to-
trade-internally-heated-air-with-room-air.-A-everlasting-kind-(may-be-cleaned-and-reused)-
air-filer-is-furnished.-The-air-handlers-are-redundant,-and-are-hot-swappable.-Air-
temperature-tracking-suggest-a-high-temperature-circumstance-because-of-a-grimy-air-filter-
or-different-environmental-situations.

five.nine-RBU-ENCLOSURE
The-Radio-Base-Unit-is-packaged-in-modular-sub-racks,-which-might-be-established-in-a-
popular-forty-eight.3-cm-rack.-The-sub-racks-are-installed-in-a-31U-open-rack-with-front-
and-back-doorways-and-facets.
The-RBU-sub-rack-(shelf)-intensity-isn't-any-greater-than-412.24-mm.-This-sub-rack-depth-
then-allows-the-unit-to-healthy-into-an-elective-cabinet-of-intensity-450-mm.

five.nine.1-MAINTAINABILITY
The-CPE-is-designed-to-provide-up-to-10-years-MTBF.-the-bottom-Transceiver-Station-and-
DSCO-are-designed-for-lengthy-MTBF,-and-vary-relying-on-operating-situations-and-
configuration.

26
 REFERENCES

1. Data-provided-by-the-company.
2. A-Textbook-of-Wireless-communication,-By-T.S.-Rappaport.
3. -A-Textbook-of-Mobile-communication,-By-J.-Schiller.

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