16

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 Manolito E.
Bambase Jr
A
ssi
st
an
t
Pr
of
es
sor
,
De
pa
rt
m
en
t
of
Ch
e
mi
cal
En
gi
ne
eri
ng
CE
AT
,
Un
ive
rsi
ty
of
th
e
Ph
ili
pp
in
es,
Lo
s
Ba
no
s,
La
gu
na
,
Ph
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in
es
16-1. Roasting of Iron
Pyrite Ore

An iron pyrite ore

containing 85.0%
FeS2 and 15.0%
gangue (inert dirt,
rock, etc.) is roasted
with an amunt equal
to 200% excess air
according to the
reaction

4 FeS2 + 11
O2 ======>
2 Fe2O3 + 8
SO2
in order to produce
SO2. All the gangue
plus the Fe2O3 and
unreacted FeS2 end
up in the solid
waste product
(cinder). Analysis
shows the cinder
contains 4.0%
FeS2.

Determine the heat

transfer per kilogram of
ore to keep the
0 product
stream at 25 C if the
entering 0stream streams
are at 25 C. Assume that
pressure is constant at 1
atm.

1
16-1. Roasting of Iron
Pyrite Ore

Ore, F = 100 kg Gas

Produc
0.85 kg FeS2/kg F ts, P
0.15 kg gangue/kg mol
F
n1 mol
Reactor
Air, A mol SO2
n
2
0.21 mol O2/mol m
A o
l
0.79 mol N2/mol A O
200% excess 2
n
3
m
o
l
N
2
 k
Cinder, C kg g
F
e
m1 kg gangue S
2
m2 kg
Fe2O3 m3

4 FeS2 + 11 O2 ======> 2
Fe2O3 + 8 SO2

2
16-1. Roasting of Iron
Pyrite Ore

The heat transfer required

is calculated form the
energy balance equation.
Assuming K = P = WS
= 0, then
Q=
H
=
Ho
ut
Hin

The total enthalpy at the

inlet is:

Hin =
(Hgangue +
HFeS2 + HN2
+ HO2)1
The total enthalpy at the
outlet is:

Hout = (HSO2 + HO2

+ HN2 + Hgangue +
HFe2O3 + HFeS2)2

3
16-1. Roasting of Iron
Pyrite Ore

Hence,

Q = (HSO2 +
HO2 + HN2 +
Hgangue + HFe2O3
+ HFeS2)2

(Hga
ngue
+
HFeS
2 +
HN2
+
HO2)
 1

Since the amount of N2

and gangue are the same
at the inlet and out let and
the there are no changes
in T and P conditions at
the inlet and outlet, then
(Hgangue)1 =
(Hgangue)2 and
(HN2)1 =
(HN2)2
And the heat transfer
equation becomes,

Q = (HSO2 + HO2 +
HFe2O3 + HFeS2)2
(HFeS2 + HO2)1
4
16-1. Roasting of Iron
Pyrite Ore

From Table F.1,

(

f
o

)
F
e
S
2
=

1
7
7
.
9

k
J
/
m
o
l

f
o

)
F
e
2
O
3
=

8
2
2
.
1
5
6

k
J
/
m
o
l

f
o

)
S
O
2
=

2
9
6
.
9
0

k
J
/
m
o
l

f
o

)
O
2

=
 0
.
0
0

k
J
/
m
o
l

These are the specific

0
enthalpies at 25 C. The
actual enthalpy at the
given temperature
condition is:
T
H Hf T R
C P dT

5
16-1. Roasting of Iron
Pyrite Ore

Since the actual

temperature is also at
0
25 C, then

=
f
o

The total enthalpy of each

component at the inlet and
outlet is determined as:

H
 =
n

=
n

f
o

The molar amount of

each component can be
obtained thru material
balances.
6
16-1. Roasting of Iron
Pyrite Ore

From excess air

information:

Total O2 in = 5.8437 kmol

Total N2 in = 21.983 kmol

Gangue Balance: m1 = 15.0 kg

N2 Balance: n3 = 21.983 kmol

S Balance (kmol) 2(85.0/120.0) = n1 + (m3/1

Fe Balance (kmol) (85.0/120.0) = (m2/159.02)2
O2 Balance (kmol) 5.8437 = n2 + n1 + (m2/159
7
16-1. Roasting of Iron
Pyrite Ore

Also,

m3 /
(15.0 +
m2 +
m3 ) =
0.04

Solving the last 4

equations simultaneously,

Fe2O3: m2 = 54.63 kg ====> 0.342 km

FeS2: m3 = 2.90 kg ====> 0.0242 k
 SO2: n1 = 1.368 kmol
O2 : n2 = 3.938 kmol

8
16-1. Roasting of Iron
Pyrite Ore

Solving for the total

enthalpy of the inlet:

Hin = (85.0/120.0
kmol)(177.9
kJ/mol)(1000
mol/kmol) +
(5.8437)(0)
Hin = 126,007 kJ

Solving for the total

enthalpy of the outlet:
Hout = (1.368)(296.90)
(1000) + (0.0242)(
177.90)(1000)
+ (1.368)(
296.90)
(1000)
Hout = 691,641 kJ

9
16-1. Roasting of Iron
Pyrite Ore

Solving for Q:

Q = 691,641 (
126,007) = 565,634 kJ
per 100 kg of ore

Per kg of ore:

Q=
5,656
kJ per
kg of
ore
The negative sign
indicates that meat must
be removed during the
process in order to
maintain the temperature
0
at 25 C.

10
 Example 16-2. Combustion of Carbon Monoxide

0
Carbon monoxide at 50 F is completely burned at 2 atm
0
pressure with 50% excess air that is at 1000 F. The products of
0
combustion leave the combustion chamber at 800 F.

Calculate the heat evolved from the combustion

chamber expressed as Btu/lbm CO entering.

0
1 lbmol CO, 50 F 0
Flue Gas, 800 F
0
Air, 1000 F Combustion
n3 lbmol CO2
n1 lbmol O2/lbmol Chamber
n4 lbmol O2 n5
n2 lbmol N2/lbmol lbmolN2
50% excess

11
Example 16-2. Combustion of Carbon
Monoxide

With K = P = WS = 0, the heat

evolved is calculated as:

Q = H = Hout Hin
Q = (HCO2 + HN2 + HO2)2
(HCO + HN2 + HO2)1

Calculate total enthalpy of each

component:
o
Hi = nii = ni(f +
CPidT
The standard heat of formation can be
obtained from Table F.1.

12
Example 16-2. Combustion of Carbon
Monoxide

The CP can be expressed as a function

of temperature:

CP = + T +
2
T

Values of the constants for CO, CO2,

O2, and N2 can be obtained from Table
E.1.

The molar amount of each

component can be obtained thru
material balance.
n1 = ____ lbmol O2 ; n2 =
____ lbmol N2
 n3 = ____ lbmol CO2; n4
= ____ lbmol O2
n5 = ____ lbmol N2

13
Example 16-2. Combustion of Carbon
Monoxide

Standard heat of formation (Table F.1):

o
(f )CO = __________
o
Btu/lbmol (f )CO2 =
__________ Btu/lbmol
o o
(f )N2 = (f )O2 = 0

Heat capacity equations (Table E.1):

0 0
(T is in F and CP is Btu/lbmol- F)
N2 (CP)O2
(CP)
CO2
(CP)
CO

(CP)
 2
________ T ___________ T
= __
__ = _____ + __________
2
T
___________ T
_ = _____ + __________ T
2
+ ___________ T
__ = _____ + __________ T
2
___________ T
14
Example 16-2. Combustion of Carbon
Monoxide

Solving for the specific enthalpy:

Products

___

H
CO 2 : CO2 169,179 ___ C P CO2 dT _________ Bt
___
N2: H
N2 (0)
___ CP dT _________ Btu / lbmo
N2

___
\O 2 : H
CO2 (0)
___ CP dT _________ Btu / lbmo
O2
15
Example 16-2. Combustion of Carbon
Monoxide

Reactants:

___


CO : H CO 47,515 ___ C P CO dT _________ Btu /
___
N2: (0) T
___ C P N2 dT _________ Btu / lbm
H
N2

___

H
\O 2 : CO2 (0) ___ C P O2 dT _________ Btu / lbm
16
Example 16-2. Combustion of Carbon
Monoxide

Solving for the total enthalpy of the

products and reactants:

Hout = - 143,743 Btu

Hin = -22,170 Btu

And the heat transfer is:

Q = Hout Hin = - 121,570 Btu

per 1 lbmol CO
Q = - 121,570 Btu/lbmol CO (1
lbmol CO/28 lbm CO) Q = - 4,342
Btu/lbm CO
1
7