STRUCTURES Preferences; comparisons with adjectives © Which sweater do you prefer? Spelling | prefer the bive one Is nicer than the green one cheap —» cheaper Which one do you like more? nice —> nicer | like the blue one more. ls prettier than the green one pretty —e prettier Which one do you like better? big —> bigger [ike the bive one better, Is more stylish than the green one. pronto teamed De you ie county manic? What kind of music de you like? | Object pronouns Yes, do, | love 8 ay lke hiphop. No, don’. don ike it very mech, ows sho play he piano? What does sve ploy? Yes, she doves. She plays very wall No, she dowsn’?. She donsnt lay on inaument 1 they ke Green Day? Who do they i Yes they do. They like them alot No, hey dom. Thay dont like them ol. Families have cel one chi Families or smell hese days couples have mote than one chi 90h more beloe the o9e of 18, 2 nes == He / She /it us TO play marbles. ee, eee ; — He/She /it DIONT USE TO piay marbles. ae ed — —_ ID He / She / tt USETO play marbles. ‘We /You/They write poems.(seer gi ao) Evaluations and comparisons © Evaluations with adjectives Evaluations with nouns ‘Acarimentscren't big enough for fomiies. Aporiments don’t have enough parking spaces. ‘Apariments are tee small for pets. Houses cost too much money. Comparisons with adjective: Comparisons with nouns : . have just as many rooms as hovses. ‘Aparimants don’t have es much privacy as hovses. Use wish + past tense to refer to present wishes. live with my parents, Life is difficult. | wish | didn’t live with my parents. | wish it ware easier, | wish | had my own oportment | wish it weren't so dificult. can’t move out. My parents wen’t stop worrying cbow me, wish | could move out. | wish they would stop worrying about me. “For the verb be, ware is used with all pronouns ater wish with tell and ask @ ‘Messages with a statement ‘The meeting is on Friday. Please tell her (that) the meeting is on Friday. Could you tell her (that) the meeting is on Friday? ‘Would you tell her (that) the meeting ison Friday? ‘Messages with 0 request Please ask him to call me this afternoon. Could you ask him to coll me this afternoon? Would you ask him to call me this ahernoon? ieee er ea Use will + verb for possible plans plans you've decided on. before you've made a decision. ‘What are you going to de? Wha! are you going to do? I’m going to relax ofthe beach 1m not sue. | guess Il just stay home We're going to go surfing every day. Maybe I'll watch some movies ¥en not going te de anything special. _| don't know. | think Il go comping | probably won't go onywhere.‘You'd better ovoid the stalls on the street. You ought to pack o frstoid kit You should iry some local speciohies, You shouldn’t corry a lot of cosh. ‘Modal + simple form of verb Would you mind . .. + gerund ‘Can you turn the music down? Would you mind turning the music down? Could you close the door, please? Would you mind closing the door, please? ‘Would you please take your garbage out? Would you mind net putting your gorboge here? Barre ar igerunds for uses and purposes Infinitives Gerunds | use my computer t0 send emis. \ use my computer for sending emails ‘Some people use computers to play games. Some people vse computers for playing games. ‘Computers are often used te watch movies. Computers are often used for watching movies. Be sure to press these keys. Don’t forget to include my favorite songs Make sure to save your work. ‘ey net te be late forthe party. Thanksgiving is @ day ‘when we celebrate the harvest Fedcuary 14 is the day when people give cords fo he ones they love New Yeor’s Eve isa might when | hove fun with my fiendsWhen people get married in Jopan, they sometimes have the ceremony ot @ shrine. After the food is served, the gvests give speeches or sing songs Before the guess leave, the bride ond groom give them presents. Affirmative statements with gerunds Agree Disagree Hove traveling. So dol. dont, Thate working on weekends. So dol, Recily? | like it, I'm good at using o compu'es. So om. Oh, tm not. Negative statements with gerunds don’t mind working long hours Ido. cont sand comment ‘Oh, i dont mind. The word because introduces @ cause or reason, ''d mcke © good journals! because I'm good at writing | could be o teacher because I’m very creative | wouldn't want to be © Yeacher because I'm very impatient | could never be o stockbvote: because | can’t make decisions quickly. Possible situation (present) Consequence (future with will, may, or might) If you get o highpoying job, you'll have more cosh 10 spend. Ifyou have more cash fo spend, Yer be be to buy ong you wont If you can buy onything you want, ‘you won't save your money. If you don’t save your money, ‘you may need another jobeer rie) eR, Use the past continuous for an oction in progress in the past. Use the simple past for an action that interrupts it. | was watching a good movie, _bu! I Fell sleep before the end. | was talking 10 my friend when my cal phone died. While | was shopping one doy, _o celebrity walked into the store Examples of prepositional phrases: preposition _objectof preposition object of a prepasition Teer After several minutes we located the key for the door. prepositional phrase prepositional phrase preposition object _—preposition object preposition object + VV ¢ og The flock of tiny swallows flew over the trees near the lake. prepositional prepositional prepositional phrase phrase phrase Be acaa the verb have + the past porticiple. ve Have you been io 0 jo2z club? | you've Yes, 've been to several. No, I haven't been to one. he's Has he called home lotely? she's Yes, he's called twice this week No, he hasnt called in months. | i's Have they eaten dinse: yor? we've Yes, they've aleady eaten. No, they haven’? eaten yet. | they've hasn't haven't =ees es re Use the present perfect fer an indefinite time in the past. Use the simple post for a specific event in the past. Have you ever eaten Moroccan food? Yes, | have. | ate it once in Pars No, | haven't. ’'ve naver eaten it. Have you ever had green curry? Yes, | have. | tried it several years ogo. No, haven't. 've never head it or With the present tense I¢m net in school anymore. | wear contac's now With the past tense | got engoged. I moved to 0 new place