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For objects with irregular shapes, area can be estimated by using the graph paper method.
Example :
Mark ` on squares that are half and
more than half covered by the leaf. Count
the total number of squares marked `
and record your result.
Estimating Mass
What is the mass of a sheet of paper which is light and cannot be measured? If the mass of 100 sheets of paper is 500 g, the
mass of 1 sheet of paper is estimated at 5 g.
Estimating Volume
The volume of an object with a regular shape can be calculated by using formula, whereas the volume of objects with
irregular shapes can be estimated by using the water displacement method.
Figure 1.22 Calculating volume
1.5 Density
Control
variables
Identify a Construct a
problem hypothesis
Make a Write a
Analyse and
conclusion report
interpret data
Experiment 1.1 pendulum
Problem statement :
Hypothesis :
Aim :
Manipulated variable :
Responding variable :
Constant variable :