STOICHIOMETRY OF CHEMICAL

REACTION

Authors:
Kristian Soleman Kuli
Inna Musirah
M. Gifari Dimas Pradana

Chemistry I Practicum Report

Lecturer: Purba Purnama, Ph.D.
Lab Coordinator: Shinta Dewi Ariantika
Practicum 2, February 72th 2017
Faculty of Science and Engineering
Sampoerna University
2017
 1. Abstract
This practicum held with purpose to make student understand the jobs method and
be able to determine the reaction stoichiometry. By follow the methods that already
provided, student can be able to do four practicums, which are, metal oxidation
reaction, reaction of Ag+ ion, reduction reaction of Cu 2+ in solid and solution phase,
and color change of indicator in acid-base reaction. In conclusion, student can know
the usage of stoichiometry in order to find chemical reaction.
2. Introduction
2.1. Objective
1. To learn the Jobs method (the method of continuous variation).
2. To be able to determine the reaction stoichiometry.

2.2. Theoritical Background

Chemical reaction is a process with two or more reactants, producing a product with
different chemical/physical characteristics with the reactant. Generally, chemical
reaction can be divided into two groups, acid-base reaction and reduction-oxidation
reaction. Acid-base reaction involve the neutralization of H + and OH- ions, acceptor-
donor of electron pair or acceptor-donor of oxide ion (O 2-). Oxidation-reduction
reaction is chemical reaction involving the electron transfer between oxidator and
reductor, and the change of oxidation number. The observable changes during the
reaction are gas formation, precipitation, change of pH solution, change of color or
change of temperature.

3. Materials and Experimental Methods

3.1. Equipment and Materials

Chemicals Equipment

AgNO3; NaC2H3O2 0.1M Test tube

KI 0.1M; NaCl 0.1 M Beaker glass

HCl 1M Graduated cylinders

NaOH 1M, 2M Spatula

H2SO4 1M Glass rods

CuSO4 1M Thermometer

3.2. Experimental Methods

Metal oxidation reaction
1. Place 2 mL of aqueous CuSO4 in the test tube. Add a strip of Mg into the test
tube. Observe the change at initial and after 5 minutes reaction took place.
2. Place 2mL of aqueous HCl in the test tube. Add a strip of Mg into the test tube.
Observe the change at initial and after 5 minutes reaction took place.
3. Place 2mL of aqueous AgNO 3 in the test tube. Add a strip of Mg into the test tube.
Observe the change at initial and after 5 minutes reaction took place.
4. Place 2 mL of aqueous CuSO 4 in the test tube. Add a strip of Zn into the test tube.
Observe the change at initial and after 5 minutes reaction took place.
5. Place 2mL of aqueous HCl in the test tube. Add a strip of Zn into the test tube.
Observe the change at initial and after 5 minutes reaction took place.
6. Place 2mL of aqueous AgNO 3 in the test tube. Add a strip of Zn into the test tube.
Observe the change at initial and after 5 minutes reaction took place.
7. Based on the observation, do the above reactions occur spontaneously? Write the
balanced chemical equation for each reaction. Use the standard reduction
potential, E0, for each reactant.
Reaction of Ag+ ion
1. Place 2 mL of aqueous AgNO3 0.1M in the test tube. Add 2 mL of aqueous NaCl
0.1M into the test tube. Observe the change occurred.
2. Place 2 mL of aqueous AgNO3 0.1M in the test tube. Add 2 mL of aqueous KI 0.1M
into the test tube. Observe the change occurred.
3. Place 2 mL of aqueous AgNO 3 0.1M in the test tube. Add 2 mL of aqueous
NaC2H3O2 0.1M into the test tube. Observe the change occurred.
4. According to the observation, write the balanced chemical equation.
5. Do the both reaction produce precipitation in the aqueous solution? If yes, please
give explanation why this precipitation is produced. Given Ksp AgCl (25oC) = 1.77
x 10-10 and AgI (25oC) = 8.51 x 10-17, and AgC2H3O2= 4.4 x 10-3 g/100 mL.
Reduction reaction of Cu2+ in solid and solution phase
1. Prepare 4 test tubes.
Tube 1 & 2: place a small amount of CuSO 4.5H2O in each test tube and label A
and B.
Tube 3 & 4: place a small amount of KI in each test tube and label C and D.
2. Place the solid in tube A in the tube C and observe the change occurred.
3. Add 3 mL distilled water each in tube B and D. Add the solution in tube B into the
solution in tube D and observe the change occurred.
4. According to the observation at No. 2 and 3, what is the difference in the reaction
occurred in solid phase (No. 2) and in solution phase (No. 3).
5. Write the chemical equation for each reaction.
Color change of indicator in acid-base reaction
1. Place 2 mL of aqueous Ca(OH)2 in the test tube. Add 2 drops of indicator into the
test tube. Add 2 mL of HCl in the tube. Observe the change of the color after
addition of indicator and HCl. Give explanation
2. Place 2 mL of 0.1M NH3 in the test tube. Add 2 drops of indicator in the tube. Add
2 mL of 0.1M C6H8O7 (citric acid). Observe the change of the color after addition
of indicator and C6H8O7 (citric acid). Give explanation

3. Write the chemical equation for both reactions.

4. According to the strengths of acid/base, discuss what the difference between
reaction No. 1 and 2 is.