Tensile Modulus Ultimate

(Young's Modulus, Modulus of Tensile Yield Strength

Elasticity) Strength - Sy -
Material -E- - Su - (106 N/m2,
(106 N/m2, MPa)
(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa) MPa)

ABS plastics 1.4 - 3.1 40

Acetals 2.8 65

Acrylic 3.2 70

Aluminium Bronze 120

Aluminum 10.0 69 110 95

Aluminum Alloys 10.2

Antimony 11.3

Aramid 70 - 112

Beryllium (Be) 42 287

Beryllium Copper 18.0

Bismuth 4.6

170
Bone, compact 18
(compression)

Bone, spongy 76

Boron 3100
 Tensile Modulus Ultimate
(Young's Modulus, Modulus of Tensile Yield Strength
Elasticity) Strength - Sy -
Material -E- - Su - (106 N/m2,
(106 N/m2, MPa)
(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa) MPa)

Brass 102 - 125 250

Brass, Naval 100

Bronze 96 - 120

CAB 0.8

Cadmium 4.6

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic 150

Carbon nanotube, single-walled 1000+

Cast Iron 4.5% C, ASTM A-48 170

Cellulose, cotton, wood pulp and

80 - 240
regenerated

Cellulose acetate, moulded 12 - 58

Cellulose acetate, sheet 30 - 52

Cellulose nitrate, celluloid 50

Chlorinated polyether 1.1 39

Chlorintated PVC (CPVC) 2.9

 Tensile Modulus Ultimate
(Young's Modulus, Modulus of Tensile Yield Strength
Elasticity) Strength - Sy -
Material -E- - Su - (106 N/m2,
(106 N/m2, MPa)
(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa) MPa)

Chromium 36

Cobalt 30

Concrete 17

40
Concrete, High Strength (compression) 30
(compression)

Copper 17 117 220 70

Diamond (C) 1220

50
Douglas fir Wood 13
(compression)

Epoxy resins 3-2 26 - 85

Fiberboard, Medium Density 4

Flax fiber 58

50
Glass 50 - 90
(compression)

Glass reinforced polyester matrix 17

Gold 10.8 74
 Tensile Modulus Ultimate
(Young's Modulus, Modulus of Tensile Yield Strength
Elasticity) Strength - Sy -
Material -E- - Su - (106 N/m2,
(106 N/m2, MPa)
(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa) MPa)

Granite 52

Graphene 1000

Grey Cast Iron 130

Hemp fiber 35

Inconel 31

Iridium 75

Iron 28.5 210

Lead 2.0

Magnesium metal (Mg) 6.4 45

Manganese 23

Marble 15

MDF - Medium-density fiberboard 4

Mercury

Molybdenum (Mo) 40 329

 Tensile Modulus Ultimate
(Young's Modulus, Modulus of Tensile Yield Strength
Elasticity) Strength - Sy -
Material -E- - Su - (106 N/m2,
(106 N/m2, MPa)
(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa) MPa)

Monel Metal 26

Nickel 31 170

Nickel Silver 18.5

Nickel Steel 29

Niobium (Columbium) 15

Nylon-6 2-4 45 - 90 45

Nylon-66 60 - 80

Oak Wood (along grain) 11

Osmium (Os) 80 550

Phenolic cast resins 33 - 59

Phenol-formaldehyde moulding compounds 45 - 52

Phosphor Bronze 116

Pine Wood (along grain) 9 40

Platinum 21.3
 Tensile Modulus Ultimate
(Young's Modulus, Modulus of Tensile Yield Strength
Elasticity) Strength - Sy -
Material -E- - Su - (106 N/m2,
(106 N/m2, MPa)
(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa) MPa)

Plutonium 14 97

Polyacrylonitrile, fibres 200

Polybenzoxazole 3.5

Polycarbonates 2.6 52 - 62

Polyethylene HDPE (high density) 0.8 15

Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET 2 - 2.7 55

Polyimide 2.5 85

Polyisoprene, hard rubber 39

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 2.4 - 3.4

Polyimide aromatics 3.1 68

Polypropylene, PP 1.5 - 2 28 - 36

Polystyrene, PS 3 - 3.5 30 - 100

Polytehylene, LDPE (low density) 0.11 - 0.45

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 0.4

 Tensile Modulus Ultimate
(Young's Modulus, Modulus of Tensile Yield Strength
Elasticity) Strength - Sy -
Material -E- - Su - (106 N/m2,
(106 N/m2, MPa)
(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa) MPa)

Polyurethane cast liquid 10 - 20

Polyurethane elastomer 29 - 55

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) 2.4 - 4.1

Potassium

Rhodium 42

Rubber, small strain 0.01 - 0.1

Sapphire 435

Selenium 8.4

Silicon 16 130 - 185

Silicon Carbide 450 3440

Silver 10.5

Sodium

Steel, High Strength Alloy ASTM A-514 760 690

Steel, stainless AISI 302 180 860 502

 Tensile Modulus Ultimate
(Young's Modulus, Modulus of Tensile Yield Strength
Elasticity) Strength - Sy -
Material -E- - Su - (106 N/m2,
(106 N/m2, MPa)
(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa) MPa)

Steel, Structural ASTM-A36 200 400 250

Tantalum 27

Teflon. PTFE 0.5

Thorium 8.5

Tin 47

Titanium 16

Titanium Alloy 105 - 120 900 730

Tooth enamel 83

Tungsten (W) 400 - 410

Tungsten Carbide (WC) 450 - 650

Uranium 24 170

Vanadium 19

Wrought Iron 190 - 210

Zinc 12
 1 N/m2 = 1x10-6 N/mm2 = 1 Pa = 1.4504x10-4 psi

1 psi (lb/in2) = 144 psf (lbf/ft2) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m2) = 6.895x10-3 N/mm2

Density Young's Modulus Ultimate Strength Su Yield Strength Sy

Material
(kg/m3) 109 N/m2 106 N/m2 106 N/m2
Steela 7860 200 400 250
Aluminum 2710 70 110 95
Glass 2190 65 50b ...
Concretec 2320 30 40b ...
Woodd 525 13 50b ...
Bone 1900 9b 170b ...
Polystyrene 1050 3 48 ...

Basic Mechanical Properties

 Elastic
Shear Modulus
Material Modulus Poisson's Ratio
(GPa)
(GPa)

Aluminum [Al] 70 26 0.33

Aluminum Alloy 70 - 79 26 - 30 0.33

Brass 96 - 110 36 - 41 0.34

Brass; Noval 100 39 0.34

Brass; Red (80% Cu, 20% Zn) 100 39 0.34

Brick (Compression) 10 - 24 - -

Bronze; Regular 96 - 120 36 - 44 0.34

Bronze; Manganese 100 39 0.34

Carbon [C] 6.9 - -

Ceramic 300 - 400 - -

Concrete 18 - 30 - 0.1 - 0.2

Copper [Cu] 110 - 120 40 - 47 0.33 - 0.36

Copper Alloy 120 47 -

Cork - - 0

Glass 48 - 83 19 - 34 0.2 - 0.27

Gold [Au] 83 - 0.44

Iron (Cast) 83 - 170 32 - 69 0.2 - 0.3

Iron (Wrought) 190 75 0.3

Magnesium [Mg] 41 15 0.35

Magnesium Alloy 45 17 0.35

Monel (67% Ni, 30% Cu) 170 66 0.32

Nickel [Ni] 210 80 0.31

Nylon; Polyamide 2.1 - 2.8 - 0.4

Platinum [Pt] 145 - 0.38

7.0 10-4 -4.0 2.0 10-4 -1.0

Rubber 0.45 - 0.5
10-3 10-3

Silver [Ag] 76 - -

Solder; Tin-Lead 18 - 35 - -

Steel 190 - 210 75 - 80 0.27 - 0.3

Stone; Granite (Compression) 40 - 70 - 0.2 - 0.3

Stone; Limestone (Compression) 20 - 70 - 0.2 - 0.3

Stone; Marble (Compression) 50 - 100 - 0.2 - 0.3

Tin [Sn] 41 - 0.36

Titanium [Ti] 110 40 - 40 0.33

Titanium Alloy 110 - 120 39 - 44 0.33

Wood; Ash (Bending) 10 - 11 - -

Wood; Douglas Fir (Bending) 11 - 13 - -

Wood; Oak (Bending) 11 - 12 - -

Wood; Southern Pine (Bending) 11 - 14 - -

Zinc [Zn] - - 0.25

Mechanical Strength Properties

 Ultimate
Yield Stress Elongation
Material Stress
(MPa) (%)
(MPa)

Aluminum [Al] 20 70 60

Aluminum Alloy 35 - 500 100 - 550 1 - 45

Brass 70 - 550 200 - 620 4 - 60

Brass; Noval 170 - 410 410 - 590 15 - 50

Brass; Red (80% Cu, 20% Zn) 90 - 470 300 - 590 4 - 50

Brick - 7.0 - 70 -

Bronze; Regular 82 - 690 200 - 830 5 - 60

Bronze; Manganese 170 - 450 450 - 620 10 - 35

Concrete (Compression) - 10 - 70 -

Copper [Cu] 55 - 330 230 - 380 10 - 50

Copper Alloy 760 830 4

Glass - 30 - 1000 -

Iron (Cast) 120 - 290 69 - 480 0-1

Iron (Wrought) 210 340 35

Magnesium [Mg] 20 - 70 100 - 170 5 - 15

Magnesium Alloy 80 - 280 140 - 340 2 - 20

Monel (67% Ni, 30% Cu) 170 - 1100 450 - 1200 2 - 50

Nickel [Ni] 140 - 620 310 - 760 2 - 50

Nylon; Polyamide - 40 - 70 50

Rubber 1.0 - 7.0 7.0 - 20 100 - 800

Solder; Tin-Lead - 12 - 54 55 - 30

Steel 280 - 1600 340 - 1900 3 - 40

Stone; Granite (Compression) - 70 - 280 -

Stone; Limestone (Compression) - 20 - 200 -

Stone; Marble (Compression) - 50 - 180 -

Titanium [Ti] - 500 25

Titanium Alloy - 900 - 970 10

Tungsten [W] - 1400 - 4000 0-4

Wood; Ash (Bending) 40 - 70 50 - 100 -

Wood; Douglas Fir (Bending) 30 - 50 50 - 80 -

Wood; Oak (Bending) 40 - 60 50 - 100 -

Wood; Southern Pine (Bending) 40 - 60 50 - 100 -