d3 s1 p3 Henning Olsson

Efficient and Useful Data
Acquisition Analysis
Claude Rouelle
Henning Olsson
Background OptimumG
Founded in 1997
Consulting
Training
Software
Seminars
Research
OptimumKinematics
-Public
Design/andIn-house
Analysis
Concept/Design
-1-12 days
-Chassis
OptimumTire
-Suspension
Webinars
Modeling and Visualization
-Tire
OptimumDynamics
University
-Aerodynamics
Courses
Computational Vehicle Dynamics
Testing/Simulation
OptimumLap
Point-Mass Lap Time Simulation
Race Engineering
Custom Software
OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 2

What is
Efficient and Useful Data Acquisition
Analysis?
Methods and workflows that help us make educated
decisions about car setup/strategy
Based on quantitative and qualitative data
Short timeframes and large amount of data requires
automation.
You dont have to be in

F1 to benefit from this
type of approach!

What are our data sources?

Data source: Tire
The single most important data source on a
race car are the tires.
Happy tire Happy car Happy driver

Advanced Tire Analysis
Low Inflation Pressure (1.8 bar) High Inflation Pressure (2.1 bar)
3% grip increase
But what about tire life?

Tire Pressure
The most cost-effective tuning tool
Affects:
Tire Force and Moment characteristics
Tire Vertical spring rate
Contact Patch size and shape
Temperature/Wear
Cold vs. Hot Pressure

Pressure predicition
PV=nRT
Historical data/track characteristics

Tire Inspection
Looking at a used tire can reveal how well the tire is working!
What can you see?

Tire Inspection
Tire must be cleaned before any conclusions can be made!
Pickup / Dust / Dirt / etc.

Tire Temperature

Tire Temperature
OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 11 11

Temperature Probe vs. Infrared Sensors
Oval Example: Front Right Tire (Static Negative Camber)
Pit Entrance (short)
Inside Outside Middle
If the temperatures were measured immediately the vehicle

stopped it would appear that the tire needs a little less negative
camber.
In fact it is close to perfect in the corner.

Using Tire Temperatures to
Determine Appropriate Camber
Math channels can be created to have a look at the camber through tire temperature channels
For each tire it is useful to look at the temperature of inside of the tire compared to the outside
Camber(Temperature) ' Tire Temp FL Inner [C]' - ' Tire Temp FL Outer [C]'
Sometimes Camber(Temperature) ' Tire Temp FL Inner [C]'-'Tire Temp FL Center [C]'

Data source: Driver
Drivers
How do we talk to them?
Common mistakes?
Debriefing
Debriefing sheets
Track maps
Link driver comments to logged data

Debriefing

Debriefing

Data source: Weather
Temperature
Track it during week/weekend to help prediction

Data source: Weather
Wind (one of many factors):
Downforce/drag
Car balance
Wind direction
Example Top Speed: FP1-3
FP1-3: 240 km/h

Q: 220 km/h
Wind direction
The list goes on Qualifying
Wind speed: 10 m/s

OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 18 36 km/h
Data Source: Track
Useful information can be acquired from track
map.
Knowing the track well, is critical for setting

the car up well.

Case study
Denver San Jose Lime Rock Mid Ohio Mosport Montreal Indy
Number of corners
Just by looking at the track map!

Case study

Case study
Denver
Average corner radius [m] San Jose Lime Rock Mid Ohio Mosport Montreal Indy
Max speed [km/h]

Case study

Advanced Track Characterization
Comparing G-G diagrams can show the effects of different tires, brakes, setups and driving styles
Accelerating
Braking
Turning Left Turning

Right
The maximum accelerations generally occur along or near the axes, representing steady-state cornering,
pure breaking or pure in-line acceleration.
The area between the axes represents sections where longitudinal and lateral accelerations occur
simultaneously. Typically these simultaneous accelerations occur during corner entry or exit.
A G-G diagram that closely resembles the ideal circle indicates that the driver is fully utilizing the available
grip.
29% 7% 15% 18%
40% 24% 25%

42%
4 Different Circuits = 4 Different Setups = 4 Different Driving Styles
17% 17% 11%

15%
30% 26%
38% 46%

Using vehicle dynamics simulation we can get
a very clear picture of tire usage for a track
Which tires are being more

heavily used and how,
Lateral or Longitudinal?

How does all the tracks in a season compare? At which tracks will
tire wear be an issue for our car?
Street circuit
Asymmetric setups?
How are front/rear/ and right/left tires being used around one lap?
OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 27 Tire energy correlates well to tire wear and temperature.
What is Data Analysis?
Data Analysis is a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming
and modeling data with the goal of highlighting useful
information, suggesting conclusions and support decision making
Wikipedia on Data Analysis
Process Goal
Inspect
Highlight information
Clean
Suggest conclusions
Transform
Support decisions
Model

Clean Quality Check
Remove unwanted Assess quality
data Ex. Does the data make
Ex. Remove outlap sense? Sensors working?
Test Main analysis

Make changes and re- Answer main question
test Ex. What must the car/driver do
Ex. Adjust brake balance differently to improve lap time?
In-depth analysis
In-depth car/driver analysis
Ex. How does the RC movement
affect actual weight transfer?
Clean Quality Check
Remove unwanted Assess quality
data Ex. Does the data make
Ex. Remove outlap sense? Sensors working?
Test Main analysis

Make changes and re- Answer main question
test Ex. What must the car/driver do
Ex. Adjust brake balance differently to improve lap time?
In-depth analysis
In-depth car/driver analysis
Ex. How does the RC movement
affect actual weight transfer?
Preparation and organization
2 different approaches
Lets, hmmm,
change the
Erm?
front tires!?!
Maybe?
Data sources
OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 31 Race engineer

Preparation and organization
2 different approaches
Change rear
Ok! wing, 1 degree!
Pronto!
Data sources
OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 32 Race engineer

Which one is the better approach?
The difference: Preparation!

Preparation means:
Organizing the data
Knowing the tools
Automating processes
Using the right methods
Try to automate some of the processing
Highlight useful data!

Data-Driven Performance Engineering
This requires preparation
CONCLUSION
Value
VISUALIZE
DAT PROCESS
A
Time/Resources
Tools
Data visualization
Data processing

Time chart analysis
Red Driver
0.3 seconds
faster over 30
second sector
Speed Trace from GPS

Speed + Lateral G
Speed + Lateral G + Steering
Analyzing input or out?
Can we use Speed and Lateral G to
understand the car/driver?
SYSTEM
INPUT Car OUTPUT
Driver Weight Transfer
Track
Steering Aerodynamics/Kinematic
s Position
Throttle Velocity
Brakes Tire Slip Ratios/Angles
Acceleration
Gear
3 Force/3 Moments
Potentiometers Advanced Sensors GPS

Pressure sensors Accelerometers
Wheel speed

Where to look?
Steering
Lat G
Throttle

39
Another approach
Each lap is a product
Our goal is to maximize the quality of each
product
Data analysis = quality control
The 7 tools in quality control:
1. The cause-and-effect or Ishikawa diagram
Bolt-check, pre-
2. The check sheet race check etc.
3. The control chart Damper speed
4. The histogram histogram, gear, throttle
5. The pareto chart See trends and
deviations
6. The run chart
over time
7. The scatter diagram Find relations between
two or more variables
Automate Processing
Braking Point
Lowest Speed in Turn 3
Math
channel
Steering smoothness
Balance
Statistics
Throttle Application
Point
Average Throttle (%)
We call these Key

Performance Indicators

Automate Processing
Red Driver Green Driver Blue Driver
Braking Point [ft] 6482 6568 (+86) 6548 (+66)
Min Speed Turn 3 [mph] 112.7 111.3 (-1.4) 109.6 (-3.1)
Steering Smoothness[-] 113.3 167.2 (+53.9) 85.6 (-27.7)
Balance [-] (U/S > O/S) 39.1 36.3 (-2.8) 34.2 (-4.9)
Throttle Application Point [ft] 7158 7142 (-16) 7257 (+99)
% Full Throttle 88.3 84.6 (-3.7) 89.4 (-1.1)
We now have outputs that quantifies the aspects we

saw on the graph.
Be wary of differences in driving style!
Next step Automate visualization

Automate Visualization
Benefits:
Tangible numbers, drivers can relate
Easily see trends and deviations
Scalable method:
1. Turns
2. Sectors
3. Laps
4. Stints
5. Race weekends
Data smoothness
A channel can be filtered/smoothed
The difference between the smoothed and original channel
will be a measure of channel smoothness
By averaging the difference over a lap, a single value is
produced

Our drivers
We will look at four drivers from Color Racing
Formula BMW
Non-professional drivers
Using KPIs to evaluate drivers
Name: Red Name: Blue Name: Orange Name: Green

Steering smoothness

Case study

Other Applications
The same principle can be applied to any

aspect of a driver/car/track.
Lets look at some examples

Example: Brake Balance
Green driver was complaining about instability during
braking during FP1 and FP2.
The chart clearly showed that the driver needed to
adjust brake balance

Example: Brake Balance 2
Car 2 Crashed in
Turn 1 of Race #1
Notice the trend here in the brake balance on car 1. The driver had not yet
noticed this problem with the pedal box at the end of Qualifying #2.
In Race #1 the problem became noticeable. The driver lost the lead as a result.
Example: Car Balance
Steering inputs became smoother during the race
Tire temperature balance was the biggest factor

Example: Aero Balance
Montreal - Aero_Balance_Front_Gated (%)
50
P1 Q1 P2 Q2 W1 R1
49
48
0.7% Aero
47
Change
46
45
43.5%
44
42.5%
.
43
%
42
41
40
39
41.5%
Antoine
Driver1
38 Katherine
Driver2
Session
37
36
In Lap
35
0 201% Aero 40 60 80 100 120
40.0% Change Laps

52
Example: Mechanical Failures
Looking at difference between bump and rebound speeds
A broken damper could quickly be spotted
Damper broke
5 clicks adjustment

Example: Mechanical Failures
Telemetry indicated something was wrong with the car
Broken suspension showed up on cross weight channel

Example: Timing Data
Car and driver is not the only data source
Timing analysis utilize visualization to better understand
importance of different sectors at a given track.
Target: 74.5 s qualifying lap
What are sector targets?
Which sector is most critical

for a good lap time?

Competitor Analysis
Car 1 Car 36
Car 43
1st Oreca 03 - Nissan 2nd Alpine - Nissan 3rd Morgan - Judd

Competitor Analysis
Car 1 Car 36
Car 43
Fuel+Tires
Fuel Fuel

Competitor Analysis
Car 1 Car 36
Car 43
Moving average filter applied

Fuel+Tires
2nd driver is
Fuel better for 36 Fuel
1 and 43 are matched

Competitor Analysis
Car 1 Car 36
Car 43
Over 100 laps, Car 1 is on

average 0.4 s faster per lap
Car 36 has
best lap
time
Car 1 has most consistent performance

Competitor Analysis
Car 1 Car 36
Car 43
Car 43 has highest top speed
Car 1 top speed is limited by gear
Car 36 runs more downforce (or has less power)

Conclusions
You dont need a data logger to do data analysis
Automate processing and visualization

Highlight useful data Help to make analysis
Preparation required!
Understand car, drivers and competitors
Understand how changes affect the car
There are no rules, there are no limits!

Thank you for your attention!
350+ Logged Channels / 250+ KPIs / 50+ Car Constants
Contact: henning.olsson@optimumg.com
Web: www.optimumg.com
Phone: 303-752-1562

d3 s1 p3 Henning Olsson

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Efficient and Useful Data

OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 2

You dont have to be in

OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 3

OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 4

Happy tire Happy car Happy driver

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Cold vs. Hot Pressure

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Pit Entrance (short)

Inside Outside Middle

If the temperatures were measured immediately the vehicle

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FP1-3: 240 km/h

Wind speed: 10 m/s

Knowing the track well, is critical for setting

OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 19

Just by looking at the track map!

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Max speed [km/h]

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Turning Left Turning

40% 24% 25%

4 Different Circuits = 4 Different Setups = 4 Different Driving Styles

17% 17% 11%

OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 25 25

Which tires are being more

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Test Main analysis

Test Main analysis

OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 31 Race engineer

OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 32 Race engineer

The difference: Preparation!

OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 33

This requires preparation

OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 35

Speed Trace from GPS

Potentiometers Advanced Sensors GPS

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We call these Key

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We now have outputs that quantifies the aspects we

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OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 47

The same principle can be applied to any

Lets look at some examples

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OptimumG Vehicle Dynamics Solutions 51