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1 ohm
1 ohm
V1(s) V2(s)
1f
1
1
V1(s) 2s V2(s)
1/s
Im
Re
x
2s + 1
( V 1)(2 s )
2 s +s
3s + 2 (2s + 1)(2 s )V 1 2s s
V2 = = = s V1 = s V1
2s + 1 (2 s + 3s + 2)(2 s + 1) 2 s + 3s + 2
s
s + (3 / 2) s + 1
V2 s
= s
V 1 s + 3 / 2s + 1
3 9
4
2 4 3 7
= ( j )/2
2 4 4
Im
Re
x
1
1 K
1 1/5 V2(s)
V1(s)
J2
1/s
1
A) Absolutamente estable
B) Marginalmente estable
C) Inestable
J1 + J2+ J3+(1/s)J1=V1
J1(1+(1/s))+J2 + J3=V1
J1+J2+J3+((1/s)+(1/5))J3=V1
Entonces
J1(1+(1/s))+J2+5Vx=V1
J1+2J2+Vx(5+K)=V1
J1+J2+Vx(5+(5/s)+1)
V1 V1 V 1s V 1s
Vx = = = = 2
12 K + 10 / s + s (1 / s )(12s Ks + 10 + s ) (12s Ks + 10 + s ) s + (12 K ) s + 10
2 2
V2=kV
V 1s
V2= K
s + (12 K ) s + 10
2
Ks
(V2/V1)= 2
s + (12 K ) s + 10
Si k<12 es estable
10s 10s
= 2
s + (12 10) s + 10 s + 2s + 10
2
2 4 40
= 1 j 3 , como los polos estn en la parte negativa del eje real se dice que
2
es estable
Si K<12 es inestable
15s 15s
= 2 , polos en la parte real positiva.
s + (12 15) s + 10 s 3s + 10
2
3 9 40
= (3 / 2) (( j 31) / 2)
2
3. Determine si son Hurwitz los siguientes polinomios
a) s 4 + s 3 + 6s 2 + 3s + 8
si n(s)>m(s)
s 3 + 3s | s 4 + 6 s 2 + 8 | s
3s 2 + 8 | s 3 + 3s |(1/3)s
(1/3)s | 3s 2 + 8 | 9s
8|(1/3)s|(/24)s
0
b) s 4 + s 3 + 2s 2 + 3s + 2
s 3 + 3s | s 4 + 2s 2 + 2 | s
-s4- 3s2
-s2+2 Residuo negativo, no es Hurwitz
c) 2s 6 + s 5 + 13s 4 + 6 s 3+ + 52 s 2 + 25s + 25
m(s)= 2 s 6 + 13s 4 + 52s 2 + 25
n(s)= s 5 + s 3 + 25s
d) s 4 + 4s 3 + 5s 2 + 8s + 6
w(s)= s2+2
s1,2= ms menos j raz de 2
Hurwitz modificado
e) s 6 + 3s 5 + 8s 4 + 15s 3+ + 17 s 2 + 12s + 4
3s 5 + 5s 3+ + 12s | s 6 + 8s 4 + 17 s 2 + 4 | (1/3)*s
3s 4 + 13s 2 + 4 | 3s 5 + 5s 3+ + 12s | s
2s 3 + 8s | 3s 4 + 13s 2 + 4 | (3/2)s
s2+4| 2s 3 + 8s |2s
0
Este es un polinomio Hurwitz modificado
P(s)+Q(s)= s + 6 + s 2 + 8s + 4 = s2+9s+10
m(s)=s2+10
n(s)=9s
9s| s2+10|(1/9)s
10|9s|(9/10)s
0 Si es Hurwitz
m1=6 m2=8s
n1=s n2=8s
A(w^2)=m1m2-n1n2=6s2-8s2+24
Cuando s=jw
A(w^2)=2w2+24>=0
Por lo que si es una funcin real positiva
s+4
b) F ( s ) =
s + 2s + 1
2
3s|s^2+5|s/3
5|3s| (3/5)s
0
m1=4 m2=s^2+1
n1=s n2=2s
A(w^2)=4s^2+4+2s^2
S=jw
-2w^2+4>=0, por lo tanto no es FRP
w^2<=2
s 2 + 5s + 9
c) F ( s ) = 2
s + 6s + 4
ceros
5 j 11 6 20
polos ( )/2
2
P(s)+Q(s)= s 2 + 5s + 9 + s 2 + 6s + 4 = 2s 2 + 11s + 13
m( s ) = 2s 2 + 13
n( s ) = 11s
Verificar si es hurwitz
11s | 2s 2 + 13 | (2/11)s
13 | 11 s | (11/13)s
0 Si es Hurwitz
m1 = s 2 + 9 m2 = s 2 + 4
n1 = 5s n1 = 5s
S2(s2-17)+36
-w2(-w2-17)+36
w4+17w2+36
s 2 + 2s + 25
d) F ( s ) = 2
s + 3s + 4
ceros= 1 j 24
3 j 7
polos=
2
P(s)+Q(s)= s 2 + 2 s + 25 + s 2 + 3s + 4 = 2s 2 + 5s + 29
m(s)=2s2+29
n(s)=5s
m1 = s 2 + 25 m2 = s 2 + 4
n1 = 2 s n 2 = 3s
Faltan coeficientes
Se divide entre s-1
s-1| s 3 + s 2 2 | s 2 + 2s + 2 s-1| s 3 + 2s 2 2 s 1 | s 2 + 3s + 1
s 2 + 2s + 2( s 1)
F (s) = 2
s + 3s + 1( s 1)
P(s)+Q(s)= s 2 + 2 s + 2 + s 2 + 3s + 1 = 2s 2 + 5s + 3
m= 2s^2+3
n=5s
Determinar si es Hurwitz
5s|2s2+3|(2/5)s
3 |5s| (5/3)s
0
Si es estrictamente Hurwitz
m1 = s 2 + 2 m2 = s 2 + 1
n1 = 2 s n 2 = 3s
2.10
Z(s)
3
2
1
(3s + )2s f,h
s 1
+
1 / s + 3s + 2s s
6 s 3 + 2 s + 5s + 1 / s
=
5s 2 + 1
6s 4 + 7 s 2 + 1
Z(s)=
5s 3 + s
Verificar propiedades:
1. si es polinomio par sobre impar
2. Verificar si numerador y denominador son Hurwitz
6s^4+7s^2+1 derivada 24s3+14^s
6
24s 3 + 14s | 6 s 4 + 7 s 2 + 1 | s
24
7 2 48
s + 1 | 24s 3 + 14s | s
2 7
7 49s
(50 / 7) s | s 2 + 1 |
2 100
1|(50/7)s|(50/7)s
0
Si es Hurwitz
Y el otro?
5s^3+s derivada 15s^2+1
15s 2 + 1 | 5s 3 + s | (5 / 15) s
(2 / 3) s | 15s 2 + 1 | (45 / 2) s
1 | (2 / 3) s | (2 / 3) s
0
Tambien es Hurwitz,
Y(s)
1/2
1/3
1 1
f,h
3
( + s )( s )
s 3 + s2
=
3 3
+s+s + 2s
s s
6
3s 3 + 10s +
2 3 + s2 s
+s+ =
s 3 / s + 2s 3 + 2s 2
10 2
3( s 4 +s + 2)
Y (s) = 3
s (3 + 2 s 2 )
Algunas de las propiedades:
1. Es polinomio par sobre impar
2. El ms cercano al origen es un polo
3.Mas alta y mas baja potencia no difieren en mas de 1
Polos y ceros simples
Polos : s=0
S= j 3 / 2
10( s 2 + 3)( s 2 + 8)
Z ( s) =
s ( s 2 + 6)( s 2 + 10)
Impedancia LC
1a. De Foster
K 0 2 K 1, 2 2 K 3, 4
Z LC = + 2 + 2
s s + 6 s + 10
10( s 2 + 3)( s 2 + 8)
K0 = | s=0 =4
( s 2 + 6)( s 2 + 10)
10( s 2 + 3)( s 2 + 8)
K 1, 2 = | s =-jraiz de 6 = 5/4
s ( s 2 + 6)( s j 6 )
10(s 2 + 3)(s 2 + 8)
K ,2 = | =7/4
s( s 2 + 6)(s 2 j 6 )
10 14
4
Z LC = + 24 + 2 4
s s + 6 s + 10
10/24
1/4 f
4/10 f
14/40 h
14/4 f
2a. de Foster
s ( s 2 + 6)( s 2 + 10) s 5 + 16 s 3 + 60s
Y (s) = =
10( s 2 + 3)( s 2 + 8) 10s 4 + 110s 2 + 240
Es funcin impropia
2ks 2ks 1
Y(s)= 2 + 2
s + 3 s + 8 10
0.1s ( s 2 + 6)( s 2 + 10)
K1= | = 21 / 100
( s j 3 )( s 2 + 8) s = j 3
0.1s ( s 2 + 6)( s 2 + 10)
K2= | s = j 8 = 1 / 25
( s j8)( s 2 + 3)
100/42 h
25/2 h
7/50 f 1/100 f
1. De cauer
s 5 + 16s 3 + 60s
Y(s)=
10s 4 + 110s 2 + 240
2 361/42
1/10 5/38
7/380
2. de Cauer
60s + 16s 3 + s 5
Y(s)=
240 + 110 s 2 + 10s 4
46/60 805/17672
4 3
1/2
1
Z(s)
2 1
(3 + )( )
s s = 3s + 2 Capacitor (1/2) en serie con resistencias 3 ohms, y este arreglo
2 1 3s ( s + 1)
3+ +
s s
en paralelo con capacitor 1
3s + 2 3s + 2 + 12 s ( s + 1) 12 s 2 + 15s + 2
Z ( s) = +4= =
3s ( s + 1) 3s ( s + 1) 3s ( s + 1)
Hay un polo en el origen, los polos y ceros en el eje real negativo, alternados
Polos
S=0
S=-1
Ceros
S= -0.304 y 2.196
Y(s) 1/2
1/3
1 1
(1 + 3 / s )(1) s+3
=
1 + 1 + 3 / s 2s + 3
s+3 3s 2 + 10 s + 6
Y(s)= +1+ 2 / s =
2s + 3 s (2 s + 3)
Verificar propiedades
Polos: s=0, s=-1.5
Ceros s= -0.78, s=-2.54
Ms cercano al origen es un polo, polos y ceros estn en el eje real negativo, estn
alternados.
2s 2 + 24s + 54
Z ( s) =
s 2 + 6s
Polo en el origen entonces es impedancia RC
1. forma de Foster
Ko K
Z RC = + 1
s s+6
2( s + 3)( s + 9)
Ko = | s =0 = 54 / 6 = 9
s+6
2( s + 3)( s + 9)
K1 = | s = 6 = 18 / 6 = 3
s
F(s) = 9/s + 9/(s+6)
0.5
1/9 f
1/3 f
2. de foster
cercano al origen 0, alternados
Ko K K2
YRC / s = + 1 + se recurre al artificio de dividir entre s
s s+3 s+9
s ( s + 6)
K0 = | s = 0 = 0
2( s + 3)( s + 9)
s ( s + 6)
K1 = | s = 3 = 0.25
2( s + 9) s
s ( s + 6)
K2 = | s = 9 = 0.25
2( s + 3) s
((1/4)s)/(s+3) +((1/4)s)/(s+9)
4 4
Yrc
1/36
1/12
1. de Cauer
2s 2 + 24s + 54
Z ( s) =
s 2 + 6s
s 2 + 6s | 2 s 2 + 24s + 54 | 2 Z1=R
12s+54| s + 6s | (1/12)s
2
Y2= sC
(3/2)s| 12s+54 | 8 Z3=R3
54|(3/2)s|(1/36)s Y4=sC
0
Segunda de Cauer
54 + 24s + 2 s 2
Z ( s) =
6s + s 2
1/75
1/9
10
15/6
Z(s)
4 5
3 3
20( s 2 + s+ )
(3 + 5s )(4s ) 12 s + 20s
2
2 10
Z ( s) = +2= +2=
3 + 5s + 4 s 3 + 9s 9s + 3
Verificar propiedades:
Polo s=-1/3
Ceros por formula general se obtiene s=-0.238, s=-1.262
Estn en el eje real negativo y estan alternados, lo mas cercano al origen es un cero
Y(s) 1 2
1 1
3
s 2 + 3s +
(2 s + 1)(1) 2s + 1 2
Y (s) = +1+ s = +1+ s =
2s + 1 + 1 2s + 2 s +1
polos s=-1
1. de foster
Ks K s Ko
Z RL = 1 + 2 +
s + 6 s + 20 s
3s ( s + 10)
Z ( s) / s =
( s + 6)( s + 20) s
Ko=0
3s ( s + 10)
K1= | s = 6 = 18 / 21
s ( s + 20)
3s ( s + 10)
K2= | s = 20 = 15 / 7
s ( s + 6)
(18 / 21) s (15 / 7) s 0
Z RL = + +
s+6 s + 20 s
1/7
3/28
Z(s)
15/7
18/21
Segunda de foster
Ko=((0.33)(s+6)(s+20))/(s+10)= 4
K=((0.33)(s+6)(s+20))/s =4/3
primera de Cauer
Con la impedancia nos dan residuos negativos, tendr que usarse la admitancia
s 2 + 26s + 120
Y (s) =
3s 2 + 30
3/16
21/16
3
105/64
h, ohms
segunda de Cauer
120 + 26 s + s 2
Y (s) =
30 s + 3s 2
1/4 h
3/49 h
S+4|s2+5s+6|s+1
2
F(s)= s+1+(2/(s+4))
1/2 f
1h
1 ohm
1/2 ohm
S2 + 3s +1 |s2 + 4s + 2 |1
S+2
s+2
Y(s)=1+
( s + 0.3819)( s + 2.6)
s+2
K1= | s = 2.618 = 0.2763
( s + 0.3819)
s+2
K2= | s = 0.3819 = 0.7236
( s + 2.618)
0.2763 0.7236
Y (s) = 1 + +
s + 0.3819 s + 2.618
3.6 h 1.38 h
1 ohm
1.38
3.61