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SDH

synchronous digital heirarchy

optical transmission protocol

PDH

digital heirarchy plesiochronous

E,T,J

The term plesiochronous is derived from Greek plsios, meaning near

E1

2


frame
time slot 32
frame / sec 8000
bit / byte 8

date rate = 32 *8000*8 = 2.048 mbps

..

E2 = 4 E1
E3 = 4 E2
E4 = 4 E3

E2 , E3 , E4 ?? E1

multiplexer

mbps 140

combitability

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? E system

multiplexers

SDH

SDH
PDH

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PDH
 :

E1
E2
E3
E4

140

SDH

STM-1
STM-4
STM-16

UP TO STM-N

STM -1

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stm-1 E1

270 9

rows * 270 colums 9

byte
byte interleaved multiplexing
STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level-1

The STM-1 base frame is structured with the following characteristics:

Length: 270 column 9 row = 2430 bytes

Byte: 1-byte = 64kbit/s speech channel

Duration (Frame repetition time): 125 s i.e. 8000 frame/s

Rate (Frame capacity): 2430 8 8000 = 155.520 Mbit/s

Payload = 2349bytes 8bits 8000frames/sec = 150.336 Mbit/s

STM-1 data rate = 9 rows * 270 colums * 8 bit / byte * 8000 frame / sec = 155.5 mbps

BSC

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 ) ( stm , e1

ADM

add drop multiplexer

stm , E1

stm to e2 , e3 , e4

frame

RSOH regenrator section over head #

error detection and correcton , coding , synchronisation

MSOH multiplexer section over head #

multiplexing , demultiplexing frame

AU_PTR administrative unit pointer #

grin emoticon pay load

POH path over head#

pay load VC virtual circuit

PAY_LOAD#

byte 2340 = 260 * 9

frame

STM -1 ..

E1 63
E3 4
E4 1

pay load :

C4 E4
C3 E3
C12 E1

BIT BY BIT
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT
 FROM TOP TO BOTTOM

FRAME STM-1