Ganjan Asopa

Dena Potacki
Hobie Klimpke
Cypress Borgialli

Analysis of Common Ions

GROUP WORK

Procedure

For solid unknown:

Experiment for the identification of Calcium Ion in a solution containing Ca 2+
(aq)

1.

2. Carefully add a few drops of 0.5% Sodium rhidizonate in two medium sized test tubes.
3. Add the known in the first test tube, and add the unknown to the second test tube.
(Observation - Unknown hasnt dissolved, known - caused a precipitate reaction)
4. Carefully add 5 drops of 0.5M NaOH to the same test tubes and stir.
(Observation - test tube with the known substance becomes very viscous, almost sits at the top,
while NaOH doesnt dissolve with the unknown and sits at the top of the previously made
solution).
5. Let the same sit for the next 30 minutes.
6. Complete two trials of this experiment.

Table 1. Trial for identification of Calcium Ion in a solution containing Ca 2+

(aq

Observation Trial 1 Trial 2

Known solid When added to 0.5% Sodium rhidizonate, Similar results - known solid
known solid dissolves and creates white dissolved and creates white
precipitates precipitates

After adding 0.5 Becomes very viscous and white in color, it Similar results
M NaOH seems that the NaOH sits at the top.

Unknown solid When added to 0.5% Sodium Rhidizonat, Same results

unknown solid doesnt dissolve,

After Adding Doesnt dissolve with the unknown and sits at Same results
NaOH the top of the previously made solution. Has
two miniscus.
Identification of Chloride Ion in a Solution containing Cl - (aq)

1. Carefully add 1-2 of 0.01 M solution of Silver Nitrate to known and unknown
(Observation - known - dissolved, viscous and white in color. Unknown - Not dissolved)
2. Complete two trials.

Table 2. Trial for identification of Chloride Ion in a Solution containing Cl- (aq)

Trial 1 Trial 2

Known solid Dissolves, but viscous and white in color

Same result

Unknown solid Not dissolved Not dissolved

Liquid unknown

Identification of Calcium Ion in a solution containing Ca 2+(aq)

1. Carefully add about 5 drops of DI water in about six test tubes. Do the same for the unknown
Liquid
2. Add a few drops of 0.5% sodium rhidizonate in the first two test tubes with the known and
unknown substances
(Observation - DI water dissolved, unknown liquid -Did not dissolve)
3. Add
(Observation - DI water - not completely dissolved, two miniscus. Unknown liquid- not
completely dissolved)
4. Silver nitrate doesnt dissolve in DI water and unknown liquid.

Table 3. Trial for identification of Calcium Ion in a solution containing Ca2+(aq)

For Ca2+(aq) Trial 1 Trial 2

Unknown liquid Did not dissolve Same result

Known liquid (DI) Dissolves Dissolves

Table 4. Trial for identification of Chloride Ion in a Solution Containing Cl- (aq)
 For Ag Trial 1 Trial 2

Unknown liquid Did not dissolve completely Same results

Known Liquid (DI) Did not dissolve, had two miniscus. Same results

Identification of Sulfate Ion in a solution containing SO42-(aq)

1. Carefully add 10 drops of 6 M HCl to two test tubes for two trials of both known and unknown
solid/liquid.
2. Add a few drops of BaCl2 to the known and unknown sample.
3. Repeat for trial 2.

Table 5. Trial for identification of Sulfate Ion in a solution containing SO4 2-(aq)

So42-(aq) Trial 1 Trail2

Known solid When BaCl2 is added, solid dissolves, but in a white colored solution Same
results

Unknown When BaCl2 is added, the unknown solid is not dissolved, has a clear Same
solid solution with pieces of the unknown solid results

Table 5. Same test as table 4 for liquid sample

SO42-(aq) Trial 1 Trail 2

Known liquid Dissolves completely Same result

Unknown liquid Dissolves completely Same result

Identification of Magnesium Ion in a Solution Containing Mg2+ (aq)

1. Add a small amount of solid ammonium chloride to all known and unknown samples.
2. Carefully add about 3 drops of concentrated ammonium hydroxide to each sample.
3. Carefully add Na2HPO4 to each sample.
4. Complete two trials.

Table 6. Trial for identification identification of Magnesium Ion in a Solution Containing Mg2+ (aq)

Mg Trial 1 Trial 2

Known solid Did not dissolve, created a white precipitate Same results

Unknown solid Did not dissolve Same results

Table 7. Same test as table 6 but for liquid samples

Mg Trial 1 Trial 2

Known liquid Dissolves completely Same results

Unknown liquid Dissolves completely Same results

Identification of Sodium Ion in a Solution Containing Na (aq)

+

Flame test
Solids
Table 8. Flame test Trail 1
Unknown solid Strong persistent orange Na+

Known solid Strong persistent orange Na+

Table 9. Flame test Trial 2

Unknown solid Strong persistent orange Na+

Known solid Strong persistent orange Na+

Flame test
Liquids
Table 10. Flame test Trial 1

Unknown liquid No change/color No change/color

Known liquid No color/change No color/change

INDIVIDUAL SECTION
Discussion questions:

1. The goal of the experiment is the identification of ions such as Ca2+, Cl-, SO42-, Mg2+, and Na+
in different samples.
There were two samples for both solid and liquid compounds. There were two known samples
and two unknown samples for both solids and liquids. And the known samples will contain all the
ions or none of the ions (DI water), and according to lab manual, the unknown samples will
contain more than one ion.
2. To reach the goal, the required experiments were conducted on both known and unknown
samples at least twice to gain accuracy and precision. There were five ion identification tests that
were required in order to narrow down the list for the ions present in the unknown samples
followed by the flame test at the end.

3. Claims that can be made from observations and results are that according to the tests conducted,
the two unknown samples could be identified, or more, ions present in them could be identified.
The results after the flame test, and the identification tests narrowed the unknown solid sample to
contain Na+ ions. Although, the unknown sample liquid was a little difficult to identify, simple the
known sample liquid, which was DI water had no ions at all, it was a difficult comparison.

4. Since, no cotton swabs were provided, it was difficult to test the liquid samples on the wiretap, as
it couldnt hold enough samples for the test to be complete. That could lead to error in identifying
the real color of the flame. The circular plates made it a little difficult to identify the two
meniscus when one liquid would settle on top of the other, that couldve led to error in
observations. Although the experiment and observations were conducted very carefully, there is
always room for improvements, and always a possibility of errors.