Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Aircraft harware includes various types of fasteners and misc items used in repair and
manufacture of aircraft.
2. Safe and efficient operation of ac is dependent upon the correct selecion of ac hardware.
4. Bolts and screws are type of fastening devices that give the required security of attachment and
rigidity.
5. Bolts are used where great strength is required and screw are used where strength is not the
deciding factor.
6. Extreme care and caution must be used in selecting substitutes for a/c afsteners.
BOLT SCREW
1. Threaded end is always blunt. Either blunt or pointed
2.Nut is screwed to compleate the assy Fits into a female receptacle
3.Has short threaded section and a long grip Has long threaded section and no clearly defined
length. grip length.
4.Head of the bolt may or may not be designed Screw is always tightened by turning its head.
for turning
10. Class 1 fit- loose fit, Class 2 fit- free fit, Class 3 fit medium fit , Class 4 fit- close fit, Class 5 fit
tight fit.
SCREW
5. A grub screw is a
a) Headless type set screw
b) Cap screw with fine threads
c) Machine screw with flat countersunk head
d) Cylindrical piece threaded at both ends and is plain in the middle
BOLT
(a) blind type lock bolt (b) pull type lock bolt(125)
(d) They must be placed separately approximately, two times then the thickness of the metal
being joint.
(d) bolt will be moved into position when struck with 12 to 14 ounce hammer
23. When safety-wiring the widely spaced bolts the max number of bolts in a series that can be safety
wired is-
(i) 6 (ii) 3 (146)
(iii) 24 (iv) 12
24. One Difference b/w the bolt and the screw is:
(i) Bolt has a fairly short threaded section and comparatively longer grip length
(ii) Screws has a longer threaded portion and may have no clearly defined grip length
25. M.T.C.S
(ii) AN hex head bolts and internal wrenching bolts are interchangeable
(iii) AN hex head bolts and internal wrenching bolts are not inter changeable as they do not
have the required strength.
( note that clevis bolt, eye bolt , Jo bolt and lock bolt are special purpose bolt)
(iv) Corrosion resistant steel
(i) lock bolts combines the features of a high strength bolt and rivet(124)
(iii) Lock bolts are pull type, press type, stump type and blind type
(iii) Eye bolt is used for attachment of such devices as fork of a turn buckle, a clevis or a
cable shackle (123)
29. Alloy steel bolts smaller than No.10-32 and AL alloy bolts smaller than inch diameter are not
used in
30. When Internal wrenching bolts are used is steel parts, the bolt hole must be
(i) Spot faced
(iv) Slightly counter sunk to seat the large corner radius of the shank at the head (123).
31. Jo-bolts are used to areas which are not often subjected to:
32. When removal of lock bolt becomes necessary, remove the collar by
(i) Drilling with one size small drill than the lock bolt size
33. Jo-Bolt is
(ii) High shear and tensile strength makes it suitable for use in cases of high stresses.(124)
(ii) It is type of turnlock fastener which is used to secure plates, doors and other removable
panels.
38. Aircraft bolts with a cross or asterisk marked on the bolthead are
(i) AL alloy bolts smaller than -inch diameter should not be used in primary structure
(123)
(ii) When tightening castellated nuts or drilled bolts, if the cotter pin holes do no line up, it is
permissible to tighten the nut up to 10 percent over recommended torque to permit alignment of
the next slot with the cotter pin hole
(iii) As in (ii) and it consists of three parts, and it is available in three head styles
(iv) As in (i) and available in four diameters( 3/16, 4/16, 5/16, 6/16)(124)
(i) Pull type lock bolts are used mainly in aircraft primary structures and secondary
structures.
(ii) Stump type lock bolts are used where clearance will not permit the installation of a pull
type lock bolt
(iii) Blind type lock bolts are used where only one side of the work is accessible
(iv) All(124)
42. Lock bolts are more easily and quickly installed than the conventional rivets or bolts and
eliminate the use of
43. When safety wiring closely spaced bolts the number that can be safely wired
(i) group of five bolts
(iii) Eye bold is used for attachment of such devices as fork of turn buckle, a clevis or a cable
shackle
46. When tightening nuts on bolts, cotter pin hole may not align with the nut slot in case of highly
stressed engine parts
(i) The nut may be over tightened to align the hole and slot
(ii) The nut may be under tightened to align the hole and slot
47. AN-186
(iii) As in (ii) and dia is 3/16 (8-19) (iv) It is an eye bolt and dia is 3/8
(ii) An standard clevis bolt with dia. of 1/16 & length is 2(8-20)
(iii) AN standard clevis bolt dia is 1/6 material is Nickle alloy and length is 31/4
(iv) All
BOLT(QB)
d) None of these
a) Al-alloy bolt smaller than mm diameter are not used in primary structure
b) Al-alloy bolts and nuts are used where they will be
repeatedly removed for purpose of maintenance and inspection
c) Both are correct
d) None of these(123)
d) None of these
d) None of these
13. How is a clevis bolt used with a fork-end cable terminal recurred?
15. Where shear load is taken by the bolt, the nut used is
a) b) c)
1) a 2) b (122) 3) c 4) none
30. The hardware pre-lubricated & must not be degreased before assembly is/are
a) Jo-bolt
b) Avdelok Fastener
c) Both a) & b) are correct
d) Huck mechanical lock rivet
31. AN-73 drilled head bolt is similar to the
32. 10 KB 105
c) Countersunk d) None
33. 10 KB 107
d) None
NUT
(iii) By a fiber insert held firmly in place at the base of the load carrying section
(iv) By making the threads in the fiber insert slightly smaller than those in the load carrying
section(128)
2. Fiber Collor self locking nut is used
(iv) Used with AN hex head bolt, Clevis bolt, eye bolts, drilled head bolt or studs.
(i) To provide tight connection which will not shake loose under severe vibration
(ii) Where it is not subjected to rotation
7. Self locking nuts are acceptable for use on certificated Aircraft subject to the
(ii) As in (i) and which will not shake loose under severe vibration
(iv) As in (i), (ii) and (iii) and these nuts should not be used at joints which subject either the
nut or bolt to rotation(127)
8. After the self locking nut has been tightened, make sure:
(i) Four threads of the bolt are visible out side the nut
(ii) The rounded or cham-fered end of the bolt extend at least the full round or chamfer
through the nut
(iii) Flat end bolts should extend at least 1/32 through the nut
10. Al alloy washer may be used under bolt heads or nuts on Al alloy or Mg structure
(iii) Will resist the cutting action of nut or bolt head on the structure
11. When tightening nuts on bolts, cotter pin hole may not align with the nut slot. In case of highly
stressed engine parts
(i) The nut may be over tightened to align the hole and slot
(ii) The nut may be under tightened to align the hole and slot
13. How is the locking feature of the fiber typed locknut obtained?
(ii) By a fiber insert held firmly in place at the base of the load carrying section.
(iii) By making the threads in the fiber insert slightly smaller than those in the load carrying
section
(iv) None
i) Rivnuts are commonly available with flat heads and with 80 degree counter shunk heads
(ii) As in (i) and counter shunk Rivnuts are made with both 0.048 and 0.063 head
thickness
(iii) As in (ii) and the thinner head used when it is necessary to install a Rivnut in a machined
countersunk hole in thin material
(iv) Closed end Rivnuts are available for installation in a pressurized structure or scaled
compartment(8-15)
17. When reusing elastic stop nuts be sure the fibre has not lost its locking friction. If a nut can be
(iii) Turned with the fingers replace the fibre or nylone ring
(iii) As in (ii) and dia is 5/16 and having right hand thread(130)
(iv) As in (i) and dia is 5/16 and having right hand thread
(iii) Where failure would permit the opening of a joint to the air flow
(iv) Any of the above(131) (Used with machine screws or bolts where self locking or
castellated type nut is not appropriate)
(a) as per the dia of nut (b) half of the usual nut
(a) re-tighten the nut without leading/off the nut one turn
(b) re-tighten the nut with leading/off the nut one turn
NUTS (QB)
1. Which statement is correct?
a) Self-locking nuts are used on a/c to provide tight connections which will not shake loose
under severe vibration(127)
b) S.L.N are used where bolt or nut subject rotation
c) Both a) & b)
d) None of these
d) None of these
7. A fiber type self locking nut must never be used on an aircraft if the bolt is
a) Under shear loading b) Under tension loading
(c) Stainless steel nut with cotter pin (d) None of these
(a) Acme
(b) Square
(c) Worm
(d) Buttress
WASHERS
c) Both a) & b)
d) None of these
d) None of these
7. AN 935 is
8. AN 936 is
1. Dzus Fastners consist of a stud, grommet and receptacle. The stud length is measured in
a) Tenth of an inch b) Sixteenth of an inch
c) Hundredth of an inch d) Thousandth of an inch
d) None of these
d.None
PINS
1. Three types of pins are used viz. taper pin, flathead pin and cotter pin.
1. Cotter pins
(i) Anodized Al-alloy
(iv) AN 381 is used in locations where non magnetic material is required. (14 5)
3. If safetying with cotter pin, the prong bent over the bolt and should not exceed beyond the
a. 1 in 48 b. 1 in 10 c. 1 in 50 d. 1 in 60
8. AN 406
(i) It is made of cadmium plated steel and have grip length in 1/16 inch increment.
(ii) As in (i) and also known as flat pin and dia is 6/16
(b) as in (a) & washer must be placed at the opposite end and insert cotter pin through the
hole to lock the pin in place
(c) as in (a) & (B) and used in tie rod terminals and in secondary controls which are not
subject to continous operation.(8-29)
12. Cotter pin for castelled nut is made of
(d) as in (a) and made of spring steel and is rolled into cylindrical shape (8-28)
RIVETS
(c) as in (b) and available in hollow self plugging and self leaking
(iii) As in (ii) + contains a metal collar, which is swaged onto the grooved end effecting a firm
tight fit.(163)
(i) Dissimilar metal corrosion would occur.(152)(Copper can be used with copper alloy or
non metallic material.
(ii) Dissimilar metal corrosion would over if the Al-structure is made of 2024-T4
18. M.T.C.S
(i) If an ice box rivet is removed from the refrigerator, it should not be mixed with the rivets
still in the cold storage.
(ii) Ice box rivets should always be used after 10 min from the removal from the refrigerator
(iii) Ice box rivets should necessarily be used with in 15 min after its removal from the
refrigerator other wise be re-heat treated.(152)
21. One raised dot or the head of a rivet indicates its material is:
(iii) 2017-T(8-5)
(iv) (ii) + except where clearance is required for adjacent member (153)
(iii) 1/16 and 1/8 (iv) 1/32 increment and total grip range of (158)
1/16 (8-3)
25. Ice box rivets attain about one half their max strength in approximately after driving
26. The protective coating on a rivet is identified by its colour. A rivet coated with :
(iii) Anodised surface is pearl grey (iv) (i) & (iii) are correct (152)
27. In blind riveting, the thickness of the material being riveted determines the overall length of the
shank of the rivet. The shank of the rivet should extend beyond the material thickness
approximately :
30. To replace a high shear rivet and no facilities to install a new hi-shear rivet, you may use
31. How would you prepare the hole to use 1/8 flush rivet to fasten a piece of 0.032 skin to a
0.064 frame.
33. In riveting counter sinking is employed where sheet thickness is greater than the depth of the rivet
head but for thinner sheets
34. In solid rivet reveting the shop head dia and thickness is
35. In solid rivet riveting an allowance of I.S.D. is sufricient to form a shop head for counter sunk
(b) They should never be used where the grip length is less than the shank diameter
(d) None
2. Pin rivets
(c) They are approximately three times as strong as solid shank rivets
12. Which one of the following rivet is ready for use as received &
need no further heat treatment.
a) 2117-T. (151)b) 2017-T c) 2024 d) 1100
19. The absence of latter following the AN-standard number for rivets indicate
a) material is Al-alloy b) material is steel
c) material is mild steel. (153) d) any of the above
23. The shank length used for making blind head in a pull thru rivet should extend the thickness by
a) 1 b) - c) 3/64 d) 3/64 1/8 (157)
24. Its proven fatigue strength make it the only blind rivet
interchangeable structurally with solid rivet is
a) wire draw cheeylock rivet b) dill lock rivet
c) bulb cherrylock rivet. (157) d) deutsch rivet
25. To joints requiring an excessive amount of sheet take-up, you may select
a) pin rivet b) wire draw cherrylock rivet. (157)
c) bulb cherry lock rivet d) all of the above
32. In the patch repair of the Aircraft skin, the edge distance (distance from the center of the rivet to
the edge of the sheet) should be (d is diameter of rivet)
(a) 1 d (b) 6d to 8d
43. The amount of the length required to form the head of the rivet
is
45. In patch repair, clearance between the rivet and hole should be
47. Pull thru rivets are fabricated in two common head styles
(c) 100 countersunk head (d) both (a) & (c) are correct. (156)
49. A) Rivet smaller than 3/32 diameter are never used on stressed structure.
Note. 1. Control cable are the most widely used linkage in primary flight control system. Also
used in engine controls, emergency extension for LG etc.
2. Cable type linkage has several advantages viz: strong and light in weight, flexible and
easy to route .
3. A/c cable has high mechanical efficiency and can be set up without backlash which is
very important for precise control.
4. Cables may be equipped with several different types of fittings such as terminals,
thimbles, shackles and bushings.
1. In engine controls, trim tab controls & indicator controls, the type of cable used is:
8. Extra flexible cable (7x19) is used in primary control surfaces and in places where operation over
pulleys is
9. Which maintenance record entry best describes the action taken for a control cable showing
approximate 20% wear on several of the individuals outer wires at a fairlead?
( flexible or non flexible cables will be replaced when the individual wires in each strand appear
to blend toether or when the outer wires are worn out 40 to 50 %.)
(ii) Removed and replaced the control cable and rerigged the system
(ii) Tension must be adjusted frequently due to stretching and temperature changes.
(iv) 7X19 cable is extra flexible and is used in primary control systems systems and in other
places where operation over pulley is frequent.
(a) is a mechnical screw device consisting of two threaded terminals and a threaded barrel.
(b) barrel has matching left and right hand internal threads
(b) stainless barrel with either left hand or right hand thread
7. All turn backle terminals be screwed in to the barrel until not more than:
(i) three threads are exposed on either side of the turn buckle barrel(144)
(ii) Five threads are exposed in either side of the turn buckle barrel
(iii) Three threads are exposed on one side of the turn buckle barrel
3. In a Turn buckle
(i) Left hand threaded end is identified by a groove or knurl around that end(144)
(ii) When installing a turn buckle in a control system, it is necessary to screw both the
terminals a equal number of turns into the barrel.
(iii) (iv) 60
(d) shank dia is too large it means underswaged and it should be rejected
CONTROL CABLES(QB)
c) Seven strands of nineteen wires each & Seven strands of seven wires each (143)
(c)1/8 to
(d)1/8 to 1/16
3. Turnbuckle assembly is a
Note. Push pull tubes are used as linkage in various types of mechanically operated systems. This type
of linkage eliminates the problem of varying tension and permits the transfer of either compression or
tension stress through a single tube.
HARDWARE MISC
1. Do not install elastic stop in place where the temperature is higher than
(a) steel
(b) Cadmium plate low carbon steel
5. Cleco clamps are used to align parts prior to being riveted to an a/c th ecolour of the cleco
clampos indicate the dia rivet to be use4d with . The colour glod denotes
7. Dia and length of the screws is decoded by the dash number -516-10
8. When power is to be transmitted inn one directionally and the force is transmitted parallel to axis
ie use
(i) Square thread (ii) ACME thread
9. Washers as safety device often used in lightly loaded applications in instrument and electrical
instrument and electrical installations are
(i) 29 deg
(ii) 90 deg
(a) one and one half times the thickness of the material through which they extend
(c) equal to the thickness of the material through which they extend
(d) which the thickness of the material through which they extend
13. For repairing the oversize hole with sleeve, the hole must be drilled oversized by
15. An 12 H5 indicates
(d) none
(d) none
22. For repairing the oversize hole with sleeve, the hole must be drilled oversized by
(a) one and one half times the thickness of the material through which they extend
(c) equal to the thickness of the material through which they extend
(d) which the thickness of the material through which they extend
(a) if the diameter of fitting is too large it has been over swaged
(b) if the diameter of fitting is too small it has been under swaged
(c ) if the diameter of fitting is too small it has been over swaged and cable fitting must be
..ed.
(d) None
(c) year and quarter of manufacture (d) manufacturers name or symbol (e) All (10-
15)
(a) smoothness
(b) more concentric
(c) seats better
(d) all (10-6)
(iv) 2+3
10. Flared tube fitting used in a/c are made of
(d) none
13. Fusible metals are used for tube (1/4 inch and below) bending has
16. All long extruded parts such as bar, tube, pipe etc are stored
(a) horizontally
(d) all
18. While testing for magnetic testing it was found non magnetic. In nitric acid it was found rapid
action greenish blue color. The material is
(a) Ni-steel (9A 99) (b) 18-8 steel (c) Monel (d) CRS
24. During a proof test of a hose the pressure should be maintained for
(iv) None
26. The color of AN steel and aluminum fittings is
27. The rigid pipe lines can be identified for the material by a colour band painted on the tube. If
the Al alloy is 2024 the colour is
28. The rigid pipe lines can be identified for the material by a colour band painted on Tube . If the Al
alloy is 5052 , the colour is
29. The rigid pipe lines can be identified for the material by a colour band painted on the tube. If the
Al alloy is 7075, the colour is
29. Maximum distance between support for fluid tubing of 1/8 (2/16) size of steel is
a) 12 b) 14 c) 9.5 d) 11.5(119)
30. The max distance between supports for steel tubing of 3/16 dia is
(i) 9 (ii) 11 (iii) 12 (iv) 14 (119)
31. The maximum distance between supports for aliuminium alloy tubing of 5/16 dia is
64. The max distance between supports for Al alloy tubing of 3/8 (6/16) dia tubing is as
52. In a/c plumbing and fittings, a tube is permissible to be bent only by hand if
61. Tubing may be beaded with a hand beaded tool if the tube dia is not more than
(i) paint removal from the tube is not recommended as it will inhibit corrosion
(iii) Paint clamp and tube after clamp installation to prevent corrosion
34. Excessive stress on fluid or pneumatic metal tubing caused by expansion & contraction due to
temperature changes can best be avoided by
(i) Using short sections of tubing between fixed parts of the a/c
36. If a/c hose is removed from the system and to reinstall that hose it should have
37. When bending oxygen pipes, to avoid contamination are generally filled with
38. With the hose assy suspended from one end ball should pass truly through and check should be
repeated from other end. If the ball fails to pass through the hose, the hose must be
(i) Pressure tested (ii) The hose must be blown with air
(i) By cutting out the damaged area and inserting a replacement section of same size and
material utilizing a flared tube fitting to join the tube ends using standard unions, sleeves and
nuts. (10-13)
(ii) Only by replacing the entire tubing using the same size and
section of tubing.
(iii) Rubber hose (flexible tubes) (114) (iv) Welding and sheet metal.
(ii) Is a high pressure line . The letters mean pressure high. Discharge a nacelle.
42. Which maintenance record entry best describe the action taken by FAR when a 0.125 dent in a
straight section of alloy tubing is found.
(b) dented section removed and replaced with identical new tubing flared 45.
(c) Dent removed by drawing appropriate size bullet through the tubing. (10-12S)
44. A new piece of tubing should be cut ..longer than the tube to be replaced to provide for
minor variations in bending.
(iv) As in (ii) and the stripe should not spiral around the hose (10-15)
(iv) None
BUTYL - Synthetic rubber compound made from petroleum raw materials. Excellent
material to use with phosphste easter based hydraulic fluid.
TEFLON Du Pont trade name for terafluoroethylene resin. It is compatible with every
substance or agent used. It offers little resistance to flow. Sticky viscous materials will not
adhere to it. It has less volumetric expansion then rubber and the shelf service life is
practically limitless.
49. The size measurement of plumbing fittings having pipe threads is given as
(iv) a dash no. indicating the O.D in 1/16 of an inch (Fig. 10-21)
(iv) None
(i) In Al metal tube lines nicks, deeper than 10% of the wall thickness is permissible if they
are in the heel
(ii) In Al metal tube lines nicks no deeper than 20% of the wall thickness is permissible if
they are not in the heel
(iii) In Al metal tube lines nicks not deeper than 10% of the wall thickness is permissible if
they are not in the heel (10-12)
(i) A dent of less than 20% of the tube dia is not permissible in the heel of a bend
(ii) As in (i) + a dent less than 20% of the tube dia is not objectionable useless it is in the
heel of a bend (10-12)
(iii) A dent more than 20% of the tube dia is permissible in the heel of a bend
55. A certain amount of slack be left in a flexible hose during installation because, when under
pressure, it
(iv) As in (iii) and a slack of 5 to 8 % of its length will allow for freedom of movement (10-
17)
56. In most aircraft hydraulic systems , two-piece type connectors consisting of a sleeve and a B nut
are used when a tubing flare is required. The use of this type of connector eliminates
(ii) The damage to the flare caused by the wiping or ironing during the tightening process
(10-3)
(iv) As in (i), (ii) & (iii) and the shelf and service life is practically limitless (10-14)
59. Tube fitting which has a shoulder between the end of the threads and the flare cone is of:
(iii) AN Standard(10-8)
(iv) As in (ii) and (iii) and the AC fitting does not have shoulder
(i) In case of emergency (ii) In case of high pressure due to failure of regulator valve
(iii) Without loss of fluid (iv) As in (iii) and preventing entrance of air in system (108)
(b) Tension is undesirable because pressurisation will cause is to expand and shift (10-17)
(c) A tube may be pulled in if the nut will start on the threaded coupling
4. An O-ring intended for use in hydraulic system using MIL-H-5606 (Mineral base) fluid will
be marked with
5. A hydraulic hose identified as MIL-H-8794 will have a yellow strip running the length of the
hose. This stripe
twisting
6. To protect packing rings or seal from damage, when it is necessary to install them over or inside
threaded section, the
a) b) c) 3/8 d)
a) 5052-O Al-alloy
c) 7075-T
(d) all