> eo" OXFORD intermediate Student’s BookReading pa Memories Vs madiying adverbs; verbs with similar meanings | Reading ascent article: skim reading, multiple choice Brainpower [asking about and discussing memories Speaking: stimulus base discussion, describing / ging an 355% ‘Grammar 96 Dreams and health “G modals orm and use “Speaking? giving information Modals 1 Tistening and speaking p10 Tots and personal Ve consing words descriptive aecives, word Tistening (oan announcement, alk: completing notes malrane rer National identity National identity ' nouns and verbs in contest; phrasal verbs : modifies Psychometric tests ‘qualities building and shting stress Speaking: stimulus-hased discussion, presenting justving 2% expressing and asking for opinions opinions - Writing p12 Traveling V: phrasal verbs Speaking: simnalus based dsacon, aking and Elaine ‘A home-stay vist 6: using articles Weting a sertarmat ltr: planning. paragraphing: checking. ura E siving advice words _ Tet practise Vand 2 p6, pi4| Facile the Lake Disnet | Unit tintesrated practice ‘Speaking: simalus based discussion, devribing phenomers Eom F 2 A sense of identity Reading an article: matching headings Speaking: timulus-based discussion, presenting an opine” _ Grammar pie The present ‘Unusual jobs forms : asking about and discussing jobs present fences ~Torm and use, hon-continaous | Speaking: stmuluhased discussion, interviewing Writing an atice from notes iting p22 Computer pentiends Personal iloamation Vs agjectives describing appearance; adjectives prepositions punuation: adver word order: indefinite aries) Reading: matching headings and) Writing 2 personal profile: planning; checking: punctustior Listening and speaking p24 Identity parade Gime and puishinent VE crime, word sexs and pars of speech G: asking about and explaining meaning Tiltening ia 2 radio programme, Wlephone converse ene completing notes, tuerfalse +} speaking: simuls-based ciscussion, presenting /jusuhong spear about / explaining meaning Tals pracine fond 7. pn) Fe eT Toi neganed pe Speaking okey, Shing an acCouNE Reading 130 Development ofthe | V wordsearch nouns vers and adectvesin. | Reading See aie: sannng; summarising Upsand downs ofthe | human ace context Speaking: sills based iscsion, describing people eremomere human race 6: prepositions etnies process E distssng developments “ Grammar p32 Ties and Honing | pat ers Touran se The ave an ashe] Speaking ad wetng gg an aco The pat Ustening and speaking 6] Tato Ye ahraal eis and preons Tsening oa rare: wel Reliving the pst é mrakingcomparsons Speaking: simulistaed dicsson, dscrbingpeope coax | Weting 30 Tarn Ging aries Reading: multiple che Great was giving Tle making suggestions iting alk planning: wring: checking Speaking: ging talk Tats pracine 1 and Zp, pal Trfite Roman Briain Tn integrated practice New York ‘VE nouns, verbs and adjectives in contest; Reading an 2 erg msg en confusing verbs Speaking: simulus-based discussion, presenting! justihrg opracs discussing advantages! disadvantages of cy lite Tien the fature “the future ~form and use, ze and fist | Speaking: simulus based Gscasson,negohating conditional sentences Writing pa Tomorrow's classroom | Tening i he fare Dhrases and expresions used Tora et ss | Reading a rial ones Sa rE { Wing’ formal enter: 3 Listening and speaking p50 | 23rd century twins The technology ofthe future ¥; Ge using definite articles vi ¢ iscussing the future ‘adjectives and word sires, om; phvasal verbs] Ustening to an announcement. radi programme, son Main information [ Speaking: stimulusbases = Tet practie Tand 2 pas, p52] Face an Franence Tint 4 earned practice T Speaking: simatic Reading ps6 Thepceolfame | V: phases aves, adjectives and vers in fame and the farly Contr versyin dient meonngs,”——_| Speaking simak bed oo 6 dcsing the vole ot parents Grammar pie ers models form and vse Titesng 0 ak Conplang Modal 2 mating ol onesons aout he ast_| Readngonaversemen inser “5 ~ wor Ustning ad peaking B_ | Waving ie ae ¥ sounds ard speing Tsering to narofve rane trend beyour peru people gree, aching decion| Speaking siting presets "75 Writing oe Tar ard oa] ze aie ending natchngpsaraprs mbion We tnewors Wings Compost, panning ste wrong ~ecarg © wang mpesoral se Tats pace and paw, | Fae We Ley is read ace Speak TMA aR TaGON PRG SS me [ neotatnges . 1 cm tar bee: € Se: senor Goering eaTwe CaaS COMBINE wteTGE Reaging se a rou clauses Speaking: ashing for ss Suing nformanon: aescnoang acnos asking and arswering questions Wealth and Riness VE expressions in atext Tistening oa Telephone call, song: malong note, entivingstaterenis | giving reasons Speaking: slimulus-based discussion, ging an account information ting Bw Trographies | WE nouns and adjecives Waiting a biography result and purpose; opening paragraphs, ordering Famous lines GE combining sentences events choosing key information “Lets practise Vand 2 p72, p7@] Face: nth writers | Unit 6 intgrated practice Speaking: simul based discussion, presenting | Justfvng opinions repotiating _—— Eat hake oa ding pB2 Body language ': words with diffrent meanings; expressions] Reading an atc: scanning. choosia statements refiecing content Bods language 6: zero arte Speaking: simulus-based discussion, describing people; giving an account \ : discussing behaviour comparing pe ‘Grammar p84 The tiered Vi the tenet and websites Listening 1 naraive completing notes The present perfec {6 present poe form and use, contrasted wth | Speaking describing processes st mpl, preset erect corieaous: the passive Writing p88 Wobile phones VE levels of formal, facsand fures Mobile phones G: the pasive : doing research fora survey iisiening and speating pba | Varcies of Engish | Vi Amencan English rhyming slang, speling | Ustening iba vanative: molipe choice ‘arieties of English Aitferences Speaking: comparing pictures; stimulus-ased discussion, presenting / asking someone to repeat: class debate __| justifying defending opinions; requesting explanation / repetition {Gets pracise 1 and 2: p86, pia] Face. Cocney ‘rit 7 integrated practice Speaking: ole play, echanging information — Em zedee a vases Poetry ‘Vs syionyms thyme au repetition Reading an article, poems skim reading; analysing content Poet's comer : discussing poets and poetry Speaking: presenting justifying! defending opinions Grammar p56 Wishes second conditional — fom ad use Speaking: simuluscbased discussion, describing situations The second conditional :gwving advice, describing imaginary situations expressing wishes igand speaking pi00 | Wousing and VE pases in context UUstening 9 TV programme, song: tue/alke: completing senlence © tists Svatiers unemployment discosingpossibties,suggestingakeraties | mutpe che } Speaking: mulstased dso, dcusing people proces Wing pO Wiha and deans [Vee conn van cant Wing apa: lang wing: Reng =) Tish caressing person oinions iets practise Vand p98, | Face: Poy waar] Unit 8 negated prac a Tia son, preening Tg pos { pia Dee ed Reading pros Veaing rome Véexpresonsin cone adecives nouns | Readinga err esac stim eating caning leniag toe decbiegan magary station Speaking simulbesed docs, dics people process [Grammar p110 Travel G: past simple / past continuous, past simple | ‘Writing: choosing the right tense Nanatie ses pas pele Speaking: ius bsed dacosion, ping an acounk teins Listening and speaking p114 | Travel stones Ve uses of ger Listening to a telephone message: multiple choice | | Adventure inthe cutback using coestion files, ging onese tine | Speaking deseng aces laces Wing p76 Tal wig sing ata Trt SISA and] Reading ao So tren Hi adn. OT BTS Travel ter ofthe year adverbsinconten Wetinga shor sory sequencing evens Banning wring checking and 2: gE, | Face nal | Ua eid wae Speaking: reaching decsin: neitang wing conversation les i Reading p20 etvesandctokes. | Vé words and meanings. quesions Reading an anecdote: kim readin: caning: uli coke Running vt of time Gacsingaftudes ad values Speaking! peserting/ using opinons ging an acount Repetng speech Speaking: smulstased dcosson, negotiating Writing p26 Tab apn onal aprenions orto Wilting severing eer: anni wig che Tr eras Aaplring fora job : prepostonal phases Tistening and speaing BIR | We Tou a aur wad | W ions in conte word ses Tiening io aa, wet TGS. new PO. Song MOE | what next © eapresing appa dhopproa ordering norton Speaking sul based dscusion, resenting opinions Tats pace Vand pa, | FaaHe Faing IS | Uni TO weal pace pn30Brainpower f | Memory test . 1 Look at these numbers and objects for 30 ' seconds and try to memorise them. | 2. Now close your books and write down the numbers and objects you can rernember, then compare your list with a partner's. Which were easier to remember? Skills 1. Reading for general meaning Skim read the article. Think of a good title for it. Compare it with other students’ titles. ‘Another example is a young man called Dario Donatelli. He recently graduated from a university in Pittsburgh, where he specialised in techniques for remembering numbers He describes himself as quite normal, stating, “My memory is asjust like anyone else's. There are probably hundreds of thousands of people whose memories could work faster than mine if they had the same interest in numbers as I have."He has become one of the great memorisers of all time, and has broken the world record for memorising the largest amount so of numbers. He recently memorised a number of seventy three digits. When asked how he did this, he replied. “I group the numbers into pairs, or threes or fours, and I link them with something I am familiar with, for example, my prother’s age, a date of birth, a month of the year. ete. sp He can now remember almost 100 numbers at any one time, Exam training Skim reading helps us to identify what a whole text is about. Before you start to answer questions about a text, ty tread through quickly and have a general ide of what it is about. Do not worry about the individual words. ce potas, Your brain is like a sleeping giant. During recent years, research has shown that the brain is much more intelligent than we ever imagined. Even the commonly-heard statement that, on average, we use only one per cent 5 of our brain may well be wrong\|It now seems that we use even less than one per cent, which means that an enormous amount of our brain can still be developed. However, realistically, could we all do the same? ‘The important thing to remember is that our brain actually improves with time and practice. The more we do to encourage it wo to learn, the more successful it will be. \So, perhaps the best advice might be to take a trip to the local library or bookshop, buy a book about something that has always interested asus but which We know very little about, remember to read it regularly, and see how quickly we can train our minds to learn something completely new and different. We may be surprised by so what we can achieve! A good example of what the brain is vo capable of is a man called °S’. He was famous for having a perfect memory. If you asked him what happened to him on a particular day fifteen years before, he could not only tell you but would +s pause for a moment and then ask, ‘At what time?’ His extraordinary ability was studied for many years by a psychologist who finally concluded that, at a very early age,'S's brain had the power to cemember every Bera) about so his life. Apart from that, S was like any other human being, “Ada ros Tony Buzan Mae he mare yaad EBooks Va)2. Reading for specific information 5. Verbs with similar meanings & Answer these questions about the text. A. Match these verbs with situations 1-6._ 1 How much of our brain do we actually use? + imagine — improve + develop » train > 2. What was‘S' famous for? + encourage « specialise 3 What can Dario remember at any one time and how does he do this? ~ 4 : 4 ~instruct soldiers who have recently What is it important to remember about our brain? joined the army. ~ 2. try to do better when you do your 3. Multiple choice questions ian Exam training 3 think of something interesting or 5 k unusual Multiple choice Read the first part of the question and each possible | 4° concentrate on one subject only answer carefully. Even if you think you know the right answer, check H { 5 make something grow or become more that the others are not correct. | \, advanced ~ “6 give somebody confidence to do Read these questions, then choose the best answer, a, b, cord. something Underline the part of the text which helps you find the answer. 1 Why have we been wrong about the human brain? 7 a Findings published recently have given inaccurate information. b_ Not enough people have been involved in research into the brain. We thought we might be able to do far more than we can do. _d_, We failed to understand exactly what we were capable of. 2 The writer explains that ‘s' was amazing because he could remember - a details further back in the past than anyone had expected. b all the questions he had ever been asked by anyone. _ more precise details about the past than anyone had expected. d_ information more quickly than anyone had ever done before. B_ Now use one of the verbs in the correct, form to complete each sentence. 1. I didn’t think | would be any good at driving a car but my father "*mie'to take lessons. : 2 I don't think I'l be able to do the job. You see, | have ever been properly ne z iN wliat Susie said to me 3 Canyou the other day? 4 They are trying to anew software rogram, 3. According to Dario, others could do what he does if they had the 5 te is thinking of in same medicine at university. ww - a unusual brain power. : 6 Ifyou work hard, | am sure you SO" >We b_ interest in numbers. your chances of getting a gaod job. opportunity to practise often. d_ desire to break a record 4 How does the writer suggest we could improve our memory? a_ make an effort to learn something new b read anything, even boring books spend more time in bookshops or libraries \ buy as many books as possible In pairs or small groups, talk about + what you remember doing as a child. ‘+ what kinds of things bring back memories for you. + what you are very good / bad at Vocabulary . remembering - me + what you do to help yourself 4 Modifying adverbs : oy remember to do things. A Phrases 1-5 are in the article. Match the words in italic with meanings a-e. 1 much more intelligent 2 even less than 3 quite normal 4. just like anyone else's 5 very little about completely greater than expected exactly the same hardly any not as much as B_ Write sentences of your own using the words in italic from A (1-5).Let’s focus on modals 1 * ‘Dreams could be more important than you think.’ 1 When you wake up in the morning, do you remember any dreams you have had? 2. Tella partner about the kind of dreams you have. Do you ever: ‘© dream about answers to your problems? + havea nightmare? o * have the same dream many times? © dream about the future? 1 Modals in context A. Read the article about dreaming and choose the modal which you think is correct in 1-10. Dreaming ts good for you! Most of us think that dreams are unimportant, but recent studies show that they + may /can’ tbe much more important than we think. We've all - woken up trying hard to remember the dream ; al seemed so important the night before. We feel He 2 could /must remember it if we tried but we te ourselves that we 3 can’ t /mustn’ t. However, We can /can’ tall lean to remember our dreams | and, once we know how to do this, we 5 mustn’ t/ can programme them to solve our problems. ‘The best way to try to understand your ay is to keep a journal. if you do this, and you mus! can’tdoitona regular basis, after a while, you notice that you often have the same dream over ain. are eny night before you go to bed, train yourself to take several deep breaths and relax. Then say M4 yourself, “Tonight | want to remember a dream an Iwill remember a dream. As soon eo wake up, | 7 must /haven’ t got to write it down’. Go to sleep Tha pad and pencil beside your bed, expecting vemember it may sound silly and you may $a. "You & can’t /must be serious", but it actually work ! you don’t normally remember your dreams, you often wake up with only a feeling of what you reamed about ~for example, anger or calm — but yous can’t /must stil write down your feelings. =_ Viner a few weeks, this routine will start producing % eeeutts, Then, you 3 can’t /can took back at what you've written and try to match what happens in | 7 your life with the dreams you've had. B_ What is each correct modal in A expressing? possibility logical conclusion prohibition ability personal obligation C_ Read the article again and find out: 11 what the writer is suggesting you can do. 2 how you can do this. 3. why this might be a good idea. 2. Recognising modals + Hit Tip May | ask you a difficult e» question, Slip? SHip Of course you can, but | may not be able to give you an answer! I Tip. What do these English Stim slip} ‘modals’ really mean? 7 Slip | haven't a clue, but they must be important \ because we have to study them. A. How many modals do Tip ang Slip use? Which modal is used to ask for permission? B_ Choose the correct meaning, a or b, for the modals in these sentences. 4. Some people can remember everything they dream a possibility _b ability 2. You have got to programme yourself to remember your dreams. _a obligation b prohibition 3. I must make an effort to remember my dreams. _2 personal obligation +b logical conclusion 4 Sue must be ill! She's not in school this morning a obligation logical conclusion 5. You can't be cold! You're wearing three jumpers, \ a logical conclusion b ability 6 We might / may be able to come to the party. . ° a permission b possibility 7 May /Can| make a suggestion? a possibility b_permission3 Obfigation 4. Look at these two pages from Jane's diary. Talk about what she had to do yesterday and what she must / has (got) to do tomorrow. 8 Now tell a partner what you had to do yesterday and what you must / have (got) to do tomorrow. 4 Logical conclusions Complete the conversations with must be or can't be. 1 You hour ago!” 2 Peter. this morning. hungry. You had lunch an tired. He was up until two 3. The pass mark for the exam —_._. 10%. It says 60% here 5 The missing modal Complete each sentence with a suitable modal. There may be more than one correct answer. 1 |______ go round and see Sue. | haven't seen her for ages. 2 You.__ smoke in the library. 3 ‘Paul drive a car so he is having lessons, 4 We went out last night because we + do any homework 5 The phone is ringing. It mother. be my 6 ____ you open the window, please? 7 We want to. a a me go to the party if we don’t © possibility? * logical conclusion? © ability? © prohibition? permission? * obligation? } Let’s activate! 6 The right age A Howold do you have to be to do these things in your country? leave school vote in an election drink alcohol ~ get married + own a credit card apply for a passport ride a moped + open a bank account start school Example tn England, you | can’t | start primary school | until | you are four. have to | be four to start primary scho B_ What about your parents? Could they do these things at the same age when they were younger? can__| start nursery schoo! | when] you are three. | 7 Obeying signs - A What do these signs mean? Where might you see them? B_ Draw three signs which prohibit people from doing things. Aska partner to explain what they mean. © What might happen if people do not take any notice of the signs in A and B? Here are some ideas to help you. . g0 to prison paya fine « spill something have an accident _starta fire get injuredVocabulary 1 Adverbs A. Choose the sentences which are true for you. 1 Memorising numbers is much more difficult than memorising words. | ike studying Maths even less now than when | was younger. Lessons at school are quite interesting, My best friend and | are just like each other, 1 know very little about the meaning of dreams. _ wRwn B Now rewrite the sentences which weren't true for you. Use these adverbs, + alot nothing like - even more - very = much less « not at all Example ike studying maths even more now than when I was younger. ad Adverbs with comparatives and superlatives A. Look at the adverbs in these sentences. Which are used with superlatives and which with comparatives? 1 Mysister isa bit taller than lam. 2 Einstein is easily the most intelligent man that ever lived, 3. Andy worked much harder for his exams than | did, 4 That was just about the best dream I've ever had. Now write three sentences about yourself using some of these adverbs. Example 1am just about the best-looking student in the school. 3 Words and prepositions Complete this text with the correct prepositions. 4 * of + with * at without — in * for + about _ Einstein Scientists tell us that our brainpower ‘eill improve with practice, but some born geniuses. Albert vy example, was capable rain than, people are Einstein, fo : "__ using more of his b1 most people. a ig, Amazingly, > — 2° ____ Germany in 1879. Einstein was born * —— ; act__ sciences i snt he wasn't good # 9 s nstein’s teachers thoug! ‘ Petes seeing him badly. They aid not Know that by ie saungetdent ‘would be famous * —— changing think. : : At first Einstein’s ideas : that many people couldn't wn ialise students who special his theories. Nearly all areas of Phy’ ana? _—— his work lasers, television, hher things we are familiar '° — science were so new and strange derstand them. However, nowadays Physics ® university all study sis were changed by Einstein computers, space travel, and today would not exist. —— SS 4! Spelicheck The more you read, the better your spelling will be. You have read the words advice and practice in this section 1 Are they verbs or nouns? 2 what is the difference between advice and advise and practice and practise? 3. Isthere any difference in the pronunciation of ise in advise and practise? 5. al Confusing words Complete sentences 1-10 with a word in the correct form, remember / remind 1 Can you _____ me to buy some stamps? 2 Tim ____ to post the letter. 3. Pam didn't ____ talking to Paul at the party. 4 me to go to the dentist + tomorrow. may be / maybe 5 © Where's my mobile phone? * ____ it'sin your bag. ° 6 © Where's my mobile phone? ott in your bag. advice / advise 7 The teacher ___ Mark to work harder. 8 Ifyou take my you'll work harder. practice / practise 9 If you want to improve your memory. ____ memorising lists of numbers. 10 The more you do, the better your memory will become. Grammar 6 must and have to Complete the sentences with must, mustn't. have to / don't have to or had to. Sometimes more than one form may be possible. 1 Clare isn't coming to the cybar café. Sne __. revise for her exams. 2 © Mybrother isan actor in =. mood. he ___ memortse whoie scripts? 3. Itwas raining yesterdav. sowe —___ cancel the picnic 4 You talk during ine exam.M5 1 housework? © Michael XC go to Chicago next week for 3 business meeting. “4 spend more time learning + wecgoulary if | want to improve my English. —8 When | whs younger |____ share a room with my sister. help with the Ce buy my mother’s birthday card today. 10 You smoke if you want to stay healthy. 7 might, may, could, must, can't Rewrite the first sentence using the verbs in brackets. Example I don't know if Sarah is coming to class today. (might not) Sarah might not be coming to class today. 1 I'msure that isn’t Paul because he’s on holiday. (can’t) That ___ oe f 2 Lucy's not sure whether to go to the cinema, (might not) Lucy SFG iigot 3. There’sa possibility that | won't buy a new computer. (may not) bye 4) Maybe I'ma genius. (might) 1 5. It’s possible that Graham is outside (could) Graham 6 {don’t know whether to go to university. (may) I eee 7 I'm certain that Clare is telling the truth (must) Clare 8 I'm not sure if they will go sailing today. (might) They 8 The right word Choose the correct word for each gap, a or b. Pp Caranusuns eeeeoeoee | } e Science ~ ot many people remember __ dreams. For most N people, dreams disappear as soon? - ___ they wake up. However, according * ____ Stephen LaBerge, 4. practice we can put ourselves into a state where we know wes ____ dreaming. Stephen has called 6 __‘ state ‘lucid dreaming’. It means that having a dream is just? watching a filnt; but with 8 ‘big difference you are in control. Many artists have used lucid dreams _.___ experiment with shapes and colours, while writers can try out plots and dialogue. It is similar © ____ daydreaming except that it's much un ___ powerful. However, Stephen admits there is problem. “Learning to lucid-dream can !* __{__ quite hard,’ he says. “Yous to follow a series of exercises to become aware 15 ____ you are dreaming, and that can take months.’ So he has invented a device to train you to recognise a lucid dream straight away. It's called ‘DreamLight’ and is a mask worn < “the eyes. ‘When you start to dream,’ he says, ‘it recognises your rapid eye movements, and a light begins to flash inside '’ __*__ mask. When you see the light in your dream, yousay to" ____, “Aha! The DreamLight! That means ~ ws! I'm dreaming!” '@ their b there 10 a to b from when b as 11a more b most for b to aa b the with b during 13 a be b tobe can b are 14 a must b have this b that 15 a that b than like b as 16 a over b above the b one Waa b the for b to 18 a you b yourselfevery - 4) p2007 L securortily SMEAR f Psychometric tests meme senscrmraennetnaetsrneiae fone 7 Try your luck Listening skills : Try these questions from a personality 1 Completing notes and sentences 4q)2 test and an ability test and see what the You are going to hear someone giving part of a talk. resus [show spout you) ee honest witty A. First listen to an announcement about the talk and complete the notes. our answers. re one Subject#2et Speaker a Ko Place BOQ 14 Number of seatsAJ:? Starting time 24 Personality test , Are you more successful at: \f = ‘dealing with the unexpected and finding a * solution quickly? or b following a carefully worked out plan? or B_ Nowread sentences 1-6 carefully so that you know what information to listen for, e.g. a noun, verb or comparison. Next, listen to the talk and complete the sentences. Exam training Completing notes and sentences When completing notes, the answers. | For each statement write T if you think itis do not need to fit grammatically, but when completing sentences. the | words must fit grammatically into the sentences. Try to work out what | Lye Pent an a on en krow | kinds of words you might need before you complete the sentences | Ty eal done when | work alone. | 1 Inthe UK, psychometric tests are carried out by of emplovers Vike toling people funny stories. | {erect sa ie | 2 Employers use them because they save and ' show my emotions easily pe: 3. The results of the tests are more reliable than the result of —_ i 4. Using these tests means that employers do not give the job to _“s : I of person | Ability test 5. If you prepare well for the test, you stand a better chance => __ ; | i 6 You should work through all the questions as _" and x What's the next shape in the sequence: you can. { a,b,cord? 2 How many L-shapes are required to fill the square without leaving any gaps? 2 Confusing words { A Some of these words were in the talk Wor 2 armen aiaguaes me i difference in meaning between each paw of worms. i 1 management / staff 2 employers / employees _— 3. job / work 4 5 gage 13, ) interviewer / interviewee recruit / make redundant scons® Wow use one word from each pair in A in the correct form 7 olete these sentences. 1 Many nowadays have the right to strike. 2. On occasions like these, ____ are always nervous about their chances of being asked a question they cannot answer, 3 Jim has been looking for a now. 4. The problems in the company have been caused by the bad of the company directors. 5 Jenny lost her job but a company in town is {L"_ more staff at the moment so she might be lucky there. for several months Descriptive adjectives The adjectives in 1-7 were in the talk. Which of these adjectives describe the words and phrases in ag? 1 lengthy 5. confusing 2 potential 6 attractive 3 entertaining 7 innocent 4 annoying a amusing b going on for a long time and may be boring © something which makes you irritated d_ not guilty having the ability to become something / someone else f difficy)t to work out g pleasant to look at Think of a suitable noun to use with each adjective in A (1-7), Example’ a lengthy speech Word building and word stress Make nouns from the verbs in 1-8 using these endings. -our -ment ion -ance 1 decide ~ 5 employ rng. 2 entertain ert 6 behava | j 3 annoy eg 7 perform: e2 4 attract 415 8 motivate -y\ The main stressed syllable is marked on each verb in A. Most of the verbs have the main stress on the last syllable, Underline the stressed syllable on the nouns you made and note the differences. vue byes Speaking skills 5 B Job qualities . Here are some qualities people need to do different kinds of jobs. Some letters are missing. Can you fill them in? 1 patien— 5 asense of hum— 2 understand— 6 a sense of responsibil——~” 3 determinat_ 7 the abil =1_ to work alone 4. physical streng__ 8 co-operat____ with others Having a discussion ‘Ina discussion, it is important that one person does not do all the talking. The suggestions in How do J...? will help you to make sure everyone has a chance to say what they think. Using your partners’ names will also encourage them to join in. Say what Ithink - Personally, | don’t think that chine 0 pine a is necessary to be... >77': Itseems to me that. area. Jeu) In my opinion, is an important quality if you Ao! is essential if you want to be Invite my partners to speak - What about you, Anna? What's your opinion, Anna? What do you think, Anna? aA Discuss these questions in small groups. Use the list in 5. 1 What are the jobs in the pictures? 2. Which qualities do you need for each job? In pairs, each think of a different job which isn’t in B. Describe the qualities you need to do it well, and see if your partner can guess your job.What do you think a home-stay visit is? Lilo Look at this advertisement for a home- stay study course in London. What might be the advantages and disadvantages of doing a course like this? studying the sample . | Understanding the task . Maria is going on a three-week home-stay course in London. She has written to her host family asking them for advice. Read this extract from Maria's letter." What does she want to know? 1nd out of London. fm thinking Could you advise me how to get what there i 40 xe to spend a tong weeke cing toxthe. Lake District > and where 40 stay? Valo like to Know sapce and hat Kind of weather 10 expect ex you in advance for your help wishes cia Mendova a mt re oo } Match the letter style to the situations: 1 Formal a Writing to your best friend 2 Semi-formal —_b_ Writing toa travel agency 3. Informal © Writing to someone you don't know very well Read the reply Maria received from Sally Martin. Ignore the missing words. What style is Sally's letter |. written in? How do you know? ) Write notes to complete the plan of Sally's letter. The Lake District 1 Opening 5 When to travel 2. Transport 6 Weather 3 Placestostay 7 Ending 4 What todo meer kanes Try a home-stay course in London. Stay with a host family. Study in the comt Individual lessons dally: Full board and ac: fort of someone's home. dation provided request accommo: 7 | Dear _ Maria, Thank you for your letter. You asked me _ 7 {ake District. I certainly isa beautiful place? ia Visit. 'm enclosing a map a — ws P and a postcard, 3 __— You can travel to the Lake District) ety tr f2ach from London. | think ydtsho:"' take the train, as you ave ver file time and it's much quer and very comfortable. We can easily take you to th, fo (0 the a up when you return, * Station and a for places to stay, | think i /, you ought to tr ed Hostel. They're quite cheap and good laces for meetin People. You sleep in single beds but you share a room, an Lake District was the home of the famous poet William Fordsworth, who spent most of his life there, it's a wondesta Blace for walking, There's also © very interest Imuseum, about Lakeland life and industry, ene whole area gets very crowded in surg n summer with {earings he Lakes and the poe’ home, so perhaps the ing to do would be to travel on a Friday come back on Monday or Tuesday 7 ea Weekend rush mae ae The weather's sometimes warm and sunny but unfortunately it’s often very wet, ® 0 bring light, Waterproof clothing, and it mi water i, and it might be an idea to buy an ‘hope this helps. We're looking forward to 9 — 10 it Sally Martin he Lake District | | |- 2 ert words Inmmae Te Dest answer to fill the gaps in Sally’s letter. swepe : a Maria Mendoza b Maria ¢ Madam Ce 1a for b about < to 2a to b for ca 3 a Doesn't b Hasn't ¢ Isn't 4 a with b on c by 5a So b as © While 6aa b noarticle c the 7 a for b to c or 8 a because b but cso 9 a meets b meet c meeting 10 a Bestwishes —-b Lotsoflove Yours truly Steps to better writing 3. Giving advice A List the different ways Sally Martin gives advice to Maria. B_ With a partner, write two pieces of advice for these situations. ‘| have forgotten to do my homework.’ ‘I don't feel well.” ‘Ihave lost my money for lunch.” ‘Td like to make more friends.’ “I never get any exercise.’ ‘I'd like to spend some time working abroad.” auewnea 4 Phrasal verbs with more than one meaning A The phrasal verb pick up is in the letter. What does it mean? Here are some other phrasal verbs with up. Each verb has two different meanings. Match the meanings ah with sentences 1-8. a. surrender stop doing stop raining tidy up © separate f look after mention in conversation . h stop someone doing something aac Sam and Gina have broken up after five years together. It’s not easy to bring up children in a crowded city It’s raining, but | think it might clear up later on today. My father has managed to give up smoking a pipe The manager brought up the subject of the missing money at the meeting. Could you please clear up this mess? The soldiers fought very hard but had to give themselves up in the end. 8 The police were callechin to break up the fight. waewna No ene tte ¥ ~ 5 Using articles »vae ‘A Look at the first two paragraphs of Sally's letter again and find the names of places and ways of travelling B Correct these sentences: I always travel by the train, = 2_ It's cheaper to take bus. 3. I'm going to Lake District. 4 Paul went to the London yesterday. C Write sentences to answer these questions. 11 How do people usually travel in your country? 2. Which areas, districts and cities are well known in your country? Why? Writing your letter 6 Understanding the task is coming to your country to do a course in your . language. He is staying with you and has a few days free before his course begins. He has written to you asking for’ advice about a good place to visit. You are going to write a reply (about 200 words). Exam training Counting words Do not waste time counting the exact number of words. Count the average number of words you write in each line, then count the number of lines. 7 Planning Write a plan for your letter to Jim. 1 Choose some of the ways of giving advice in 3A. Decide which to put in each paragraph. * 2. Decide on the best order for your paragraphs 3. Decide how to begin and end your letter. 8 Writing To help you write your letter: + starta different paragraph for each new point in your plan. + use some of the words and expressions from Sally's letter. 9 Checking Itis important to read what you have written. Imagine you are Jim reading the letter. 5 Have you included all the necessary information? © Isyour letter written in a semi-formal, friendly style? * Have you used some contractions like /'m, isn’t and (a? © Have you used definite articles where necessary? ap,Vocabulary 1 all Adjectives A Use ir, dis-, un- or im- to make these adjectives negative. 1 honest 4 attractive 2 reliable 5 patient 3. responsible , B_ Now use some of the positive and negative adjectives in Ato complete these sentences. 1. If youwanta career as a model, you have to be quite 2 Tony is too It’s completely it’s bad for your health 4 Itwas ____ of Luke to lie about his qualifications 5. Don't depend on Sally, She's very —____. She may say she'll help you, but she probably won't. He's always losing his temper. to smoke. Everyone knows that w 2 Word formation Complete the gaps with the correct form of the word in brackets. Mark was 7 years old when he went to his first circus show, ‘itwas during the trapeze ___det__ (action) that | made up my mind to be a trapeze artist,’ says Mark. And it's a 1 ____ (decide) he's never regretted. Nowadays Mark is one of the most 2_____ (success) trapeze artists in Europe and the star 3 (attract) of Le Cirque d’Hiver. As soon as Mark left school, he began looking for # (employ) in circuses in England and abroad. It took a lot of 5 _____ (patient) and 5 years of 6 __ (rain) before he was offered a job in Paris, at the? _____ (fame) Cirque d'Hiver. We asked Mark why he had problems finding a job. Working in the 8 ____ (entertain) business isn’t easy, explains Mark. ‘t's a very competitive environment, You need a lot of motivation and the 9 _ (determined) to succeed. But the feeling you get after a 10____ (perform makes it all worth while.” dosoap Rupe se agece panos Aw nots a coronene rok fF opm ving year pl ong somes anoge io py ovb sae a us Socutpmaiorvuepnoscrione | nok y-uado suondo snok da2y 0 Busoo4p sas fenode meborina: ay tape ieee eas astearhtaly oO. ys) Ajeuosiag @ 01 a8ed uo ssa) >unauNOEpAsd 01 SuaMsUY wa may | 3 Words that go together Choose the best answer, a, b or c, to complete these sentences. 1 Scientists _____ tests to see how much S could remember. a sorted out b setout carried out 2 This summer we're going to ____ some time in England a spend b pass c« do 3. Tomorrow Dr Stone will ___~_ a talk on the interpretation of dreams. a present b give © perform 4 Tom entered the competition, although he didn’t a chance of winning. a. stand b expect © give 5 Sue is _____ the 10 o'clock train, so she should be here by lunchtime. a going b riding taking 6 After many hours of work, Monica eventually —__ a solution to the maths problem. a invented b found c made Speaking - 4 A nines [i cee eee ediaees Saying what you think and inviting your partners fo speak Match these dreams to their interpretations. Discuss your answers with a partner. Use the words and expressions in How do I...? (> page 11) to help you drowning 4 flying fire 5 falling your mother oran aunt 6 an examination you're afraid of failing under pressure. you want to start something again or you might want to destroy a painful memory. you are anxious about not achieving your ambstions. you want someone older or wiser to lead you toa better life. e you feel superior or you may be trying to excace from problems you are falling in love or you might b = getting bad marks) in your school y 2%. ce wne an od Now ask and answer these questions with a za-mer 1 How often do you dream? When did you last have a dream? . Was it a good dream or a bad dream? What do you think it means? > : - ! - he - BUN, Writing Dear Clare, , Tanks for your letter. T’ve been at the ski vesort —— three Weeks row, It’s hard wor aa oan vk, i 5 The right word oucyivg = TF you dase © core rena ane aot ys, ba dane sete mT nt Tore we | fe 'b since | ¢ durin Yo asked we © the work ene vy Nant them! i 2 a this ‘b it é them? most students dois look © petals fhe thing Bafor \ bt c= | means Hat you” get up early onary stay 4 a better — b best good | agit 6 olcleck — ana cook brea tay for oe 8 = 5 a about b for c to ters in your chalet. Sometimes there 2 __ — be eight 6 a for bup ~ ¢ after roe te cook for! es 7 ashould banc haveto 0 Te” breakfast, most people go skiing, sp you 8 asome ‘b the —_¢ noarticle ay op eee pds, " Pathe ishing up and generally 9 a must b can ¢ should et or the vest of the moming you have to s. 10 amake bdo —_€ prepare | the tiene ea eee aes for example i vt 2 11 ado b clean cc make jake aann Mant Y. — or Want to 12 a through b out —¢ over LO gic raint You need a lot of patience for this 13 a should = b may —c_must | Tn the ater — Jeb. 14 a eachother b oneself c themselves ns ‘ermoon you'll have "© fee time, 15.a the ba © noarticle ——— Ou should bring al ite > 16 a the b some ca rove) youll get £10 eee Be —- Food oa 17 aso b but because se mmodation are Free, 0 you only need 0 pay 18 a While b So c AS —— # ing out in the evenings! 19 a Although b While ¢ However I hope this helps. I'll write Again soov 20 a for b to cm a Love, Susie : | Ee IE ere 6 Articles . & Complete the following advertisement with * the, a, an or no article. me rl aD Kiested If you enjoy walking and climbing, come and spend? weekend. in 3 ___ Peak District ~ Britain’s most popular national park! Situated in the north of Derbyshire, ——— park is teal ‘adventure’ country and has some of Britain’s Most picturesque walks, including world-famous Pennine Way. And it’s all just four keurs from London by 6 = train! For more information about? _____ train and § ____ ‘bus services co: 0134 65678. mest “Complete the factfile about the Lake District. tourists Windermere poet. north-west cottage |» National Park - waterfalls + metres - tourism - 1800 | The Lake District is one of the most famous places in | England. Set in Cumbria, a region in the # of | England, the district has many mountains, lakes, and Ree The largest lake is'Lake 3 , which © covers 16 square kilometres, and the highest mountain is | called Scafell Pike, It's 978 #1. high “ | In 1951, the Lake District became a 5 . Since then i6 has been its main source of income. Many | 7.” visit the Lake District to find out about its most well-known resident, the ®_x. William Wordsworth. | Wordsworth moved to the lakes with his sister Dorothy in 9 . and became knqwn as one of the Lake Poets. | You can still see the small 19 where he wrote his most famous works.Wational identity SRNR: — mm nmammaReE: How imuch do you know about Britain? 1 What's the name of the political union which includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?’ "' 2 What is the geographical name for England, Scotland and Wales? 3. What is the difference between Britain and the British Isles? 4. What's the shortest distance across the Channel? EN@LANS a 24kilometres b 34kilometres c¢ 48 kilometres 5 How can people travel across the Channel? Choose the correct answer(3). a‘fery . — b bridge ¢ tunnel ne . — : France : hs. Skills 4 Analysing the text rm ' 1. Thinking about the text 1. Do you think the writer intended to be serious or Lookat the tile ofthe article opposite. What do you amusing, or bath? Why? think the article will include? 2. What other opinions does the writer quote? Why do you think he does this? 2. Testing your reading speed . i Read the text through quickly. Write the time you start, ' and finish, ceading this text. How long didi take? Vocabulary Starting time ______ Finishing time —_____ 5 Nouns and verbs These words are in the article. Choose the best meaning | 3. Matching headings from the possible answers below. i 1 intentionally (line 5}, . Exam training : in particular on purpose « by chance > Matching headings Try to identify the main point of 2. astounded (line 8) | each paragraph while you are reading. This will help + worried * shocked » puzzled é you to understand what you are reading and to { 3 complicated (line 13) remember what you have read. : comprehensive - difficult « confusing —_, - 4 conquered (line 16) A Match these headings to paragraphs 1-6. There isone fought - defeated - attacked heading you do not need. 5 preachers (line 21) a Asuccessful combination —‘V@" « religious speakers » teachers instructors b Amixture of characteristics 6 trade union (line 21) - an organisation for. © Arecent change + shoppers » workers - politicians d_ Adifficult race to understand +7 emigrated (line 28) e Anexciting event an: + moved house » flew away . left your own country f Astrange contradiction , 8 views (line 42) ~ g Anunwilling acceptance! ¢ MLO. sights - opinions « scenes Using the headings above, discuss with a partner what 9 bearingin mind (line 47) you can remember reading. «remembering - thinking - proving hl... eeeae Wile, tk le poxprte.6 \ \ t . 4 Ne National characteristics The English are not easy to understand. As one of the chagacters in 1 Find some British, Welsh, French and a play called The Old Country put it: ‘in England we never entirely eee Rae ie RIS aILTG mean what we say, do we? Do I mean that? Not entirely.” ‘Are you surprised by any of these? The British are famous for their folerance and sense of humour, | Why? why not? : 5 yet, as writer Paul Gallico observed: ‘No one can be as intentionally "2. What are your nationality’s¢ ude" as the British, which amazes Americans, who do. not characteristics? What majof events ju UndeBtand such behaviour, Britain’s nearest neighbours ean be just have helped to form them? va J as astounded as the Americans. French writer Andre Maurois wrote: {nev Seen ‘In France, itis tmpbifte not to have a conversation with someon — ve England, it is unwise to have one. No one there blames you for 6 Modifiers NOLL silence, When you have not opened your mouth for three yeats, they ‘A Which of these words havea similar will think, “This Frenchman’s quite a nice fellow.”’ meaning? Use a dictionary to help you if The truth about the British is, of course, much more complicated, necessary, f Dut certain generalisations can be made, Britain is an island ~ a fact A very rather quite really ‘ not changed in anyone’s mind by the construction of the Channel Tunnel ~ and it has not been successfully conquered for nearly 1,000 Years. For this reason, Britain and the British Yemain deeply individualistic. To the English, the Welsh seem a much more B_ Use one of the words to complete each sentence. More than one answer may be possible. - talkative group than themselves. This talkative nature is one of the Gs iy wy nevelnauie oon uere % Welsh national characteristics and Wales became a very popular +21 aniice couple. : Place with preachers and trade union leaders, particularly in the 2 London isa -__ en 19th century. In contrast, the. Scots, who have a rather different with tourists. Millions visit the city eacl historical and religious badkgrotind om the English (they were 4, Year Aen never conquered by the Romans, or by the Normans after 1066), are 3 The British havea Ges seen.as quiet and serious, ch : sense of mee ec e \ In the 1950s, many Commonwealth a Citizens, mostly from the West Indies, emigrated to Britain, There are now 4 \lsawa other day. | couldn't believe my eyes. 5 although we think walking is —__ Sie . around half a million West Indians in a boring thing to do, we nee s Britain and four black politicians were se ‘ elected to parliament in 1987. Others en Eve ous ine sien aS came to live and work, too. Asians came right. from the Indian subcontinent and Africa, and Chinese people from Hong rhs — put ; Geen phrasal verbs with put and 36 Kong, many of ioe have put eae match them with the meanings in af. of effort to buildup” successful 1 Would you please put these books away? businesses. All these people, together 2. We put the meeting off until next week. with Arabs and Africans, help to form 3. Could you put me through to the school thats now a moltiracial society. 1 secretary? . 48 ks People in oe aa ave different accents, different cultural Ce eee ee backgrounds and different views, and Soy fares up again! “even different languages, they make up a really astonishing island Care rear fae a Tnoise! race, whose culture and customs are mixed so well together that they” ; Secon put Up walt © as form a character which is the sum of so many parts. a postpone b connect by telephone \ © increase put uP d_ give mea bed forthe night Pus e f jo. "To understand Britain, however,’ its people tell you, ‘takes many visits! Bearing in mind their inability to say what they mean, this probably franslates ag “Although we fegard tourism as rather undesirable, Wwe pit up'witlt it Because we do need the business the return to the proper place pbearorstand” — ~ giv QOErLl> — © visitors are bringing in. be Brian Bell, Insight Guide - Great BritainLet’s focus on the present A. Can you describe the two people in the picture? Say what they look like, what they are wearing, what they are doing and what you think their jobs are. B_ The picture is of footballer David Beckham (Becks) and his wife, pop star Victoria (Posh Spice). Or is it? Read these Sf ucstions carefully, then listen and write short answers. 6@) 5 What are the real names of the people in the picture? Who is speaking on the tape? What was the woman studying nine months ago? What has she become? How much money has she earned? What often happens when the couple go out together? How have they kept up with changing styles? Noausune 1 ‘The present siniple or the present continuous? Match the statements 1—5 with the meanings a-e. work as a lookalike. I'm working at home today. People are working longer and longer hours. They are always asking me to work late. People work to earn moneys This is almost always true. This is a normal routine. This is not a normal routine. This is a changing situation te This happens very often and | find it annoying. B_ Write sentences of your own like those in 1-5. Use the verb study. Example | study at the local library. oh 2. Non-continuous forms &) | ¢ a Tip What are you doing? Slip \ do my English homework = Tip | think you mean ‘'m H e doing’ my English homework, slip. Stip Oh! You mean because | haven't finished it yet? Tip Yes! You're doing your homework now and you still haven't finished it! Are these verbs used in the continuous form? Which of the verbs has a different meaning when used in the continuous? + feel like dislike hate prefer want “believe know - belong to « need » see + seem think Thoose one of the verbs to complete these sentences using the gppropriate present tense. 1 The manager!" (feel) that we could improve our sales figures. * 2ve (not feel) very well this morning 3. What (you think) of my new car? 4 What (you think) about? 5 6 7 Who. this pen (belong) to? 8 Which you (prefer)? ‘The present perfect The present perfect has several different uses in English. It often has a close connection with the present. We can use it to talk about our general experience, to say that something is still happening now and to refer to the very recent past. Which of the sentences below means: this is a new experience? this is a fact about someone's past experience? this is still happening now, dr is still true? this has happened quite recently? Camilla has become a Posh Spice lookalike. ‘Andy has worked asa model. It's the first time Camilla has earned so much money. . 4 Camilla and Andy have been together for nine months. . | Dr. Brown can’t come to the phone at the moment. He (see) a patient 1 ___~ (need) some change for the bus. ve . wns anceEste . Oo NCKERT Cr ONLY aN ACOMQM (} rele ee a Deruwe as Ss 3* sentences about Camilla and Andy. Which of these statements are not correct? Why not? Semmpte fers 92s appeared on TV. 1. The present simple is used for an action which is , = 3 ae happening at the moment eae nea 2. Some verbs change their meaning when they are used ae aera in the present continuous. 5 — 3. We use the present perfect to talk about the past. ‘ 3 earn. at night clubsand restaurants. Ithas no connection with the present. 6 travel a lot of money 7 book a house in Brighton Babyy) ontv . Let’s activate! : a 5 Interview a lookalike A. With a partner, prepare a list of ten questions to ask a lookalike. Here are some ideas. functions they attend (recently), e.g. parties, dinners. Read this article about another lookalike couple and choose the correct form of the verb, a, b orc. 1 a come b_ iscoming c comes 7 . find” * how they feel when someone ‘recognises’ them eee b havewanted —¢ amwanting + # money they made in the last few months or years ‘au 5 © ambeing © activities at the moment Ba aed b arestarting —c start # change in personality since becoming a lookalike 6 a Aren'tyou b Haven'tyou —c_ Don’tyou * usual training, special routine looking ee ise * how life has changed since becoming a lookalike 7 a amthinking b thought think © effect on the family ; 8 a works b haveworked —¢ am working B_ Imagine you are a lookalike. Choose the person you 9 a isbecoming b become © became look like. 10 a amhaving have had c had . Interview your partner using the questions you have prepared and make notes on your partner’s answers. 6 Optional writing - Write a short article for a magazine about your partner's : life as a lookalike. Use your notes to help you. — ~—CS SUPERMAN MEETS HS WONDER WOMAN wee Michelle Bada LOW C3 home from work as a sales assistant in New York, she often? + * Cory, dressed as Superman, throwing himself off the sofa. Cory still can’t believe his luck at being paid to be a superhero. ‘'3'_._to be an actor ever since : n ———1. a small boy so, when people 3_____to say“___like Superman?’,17___to myself — why not? Now I'@ + |. alf the time? Michelle ®___ Wonder Woman at the same time just to please Cory. ‘If 1 10 a hard day at work, then I'm not so keen to’pui on the costume!” says Michelle.A. Add in-, un- or im- to make these adjectives negative. Vocabulary 4 al Adjectives ; 1 1 Confusing words th : 1 desirable 4 wise : Use one of these words in the correct form to complete 2 complicated se : the sentences. T . 3> successful 6 experienced + characteristic « identity - individuality personality B_ Now complete these sentences with one of the positiveor >, 1_ No one discovered the true of the thief. negative adjectives in A. 2 pational - are oftén quite amusing to people 1 Before he went to university, Dave used to be a quiet, from oifet countries. : boy. Now he's often loud and bad-mannered. 3. Human beings are amazing; they all have their own meee different Po |. 2. For most teenagers, a mobile phone isa very | 4 Asense of _-_‘is important if we want to stand out item. Bs ina crowd, 3. Although the athlete was young and he still ” . won the race. 2 Words that go together ~ 4 Theinstructions were and difficult to follow. Choose the best answer, a, b or c, to complete these 5° Don't trust Karen. It would be to tell her about poe 5 the problem. . 1 The British are an island ; ian . : ees b rice : cron, uobo® Katl'sattempt to climb the mountain was He _ : 2 Ifyou want to on TV, why don’t you apply for'a ad co turn bate job as a news presenter? 5 Word buildin: ~ 1 LGrammar 7 Present simple or present: continuous? . Complete these sentences with the correct tense of the verb in brackets. . 1 Most people (want) to be rich and famous 2. Kate is a supermodel. She to Milan and Paris every month 3. David {not play) football today. He's injured his leg. ° 4 Teenage tennis stars _< (get) § younger and younger. (travel) 5 Tina's — (always / complain) ghout having no money People (go) on holiday to relax. 7 Paul |____ (save up) to buy a new. computer. ~ 8 Rachel {always / play) compiiter ‘games. She never does her homework. 9 Daveisa Dj. He (start) work at nine o'clock every morning. 10 According to scientists, people —_» (become}taller and taller. 8 Present perfect write five sentences about things you have « and have never done. Example work I’ve never worked during the summer _~ holidays. /I’ve worked part-time delivering + newspapers 1 be 4 travel 2° have 5 buy 2 3. earn . The right verb Choose the correct form of the verbs in 1-10. Elvis Presley (1935-1977) The pop star ‘king’ of rock ‘n’ roll Writer Lee Hall’s play ‘Cooking with Elvis’ + is / is being about an Elvis impersonator. Joe Caffrey > has played | plays / are playing Elvis, When he 3s putting on / have put on | puts on his white suit, he 4 has looked / is looking / looks just like the king of rock ‘n roll. At the moment Caffrey 5 appears / has 4. appeared | is appearing in the show .” inthe West End. | Lee Hall 6 begins / have begun / is }- beginning to make a name for himself as a writer whose plays 7 has looked / are looking | look at life and death in a comical, imaginative way. They ® are attracting attracts | have attracted large audiences to London's theatre-land. Hall » now writes | has now written / is now writing. a new play which he * has hoped | is hoping | hopes will be as successful as ‘Cooking with Elvis’, 10 Spelicheck Adjectives which end in a vowel + / form their adverbs by adding -ly, e.g. real —> really. Join the parts of the words in 1-12 with those in ac to make other adjectives which form adverbs in this way. aal bul col 1 beautif- 5 classic- 9 vertic- 2 music 6 wonderf- 10 soci- 3 magic 7 vit- 11 politic. 4 co 8 unusu- 12. form- a ME Complete this UK factfile. | serious West Indies Wales and Northern Ireland . talkative « Africa and Hong Kong Britain is composed of England, Scotland and Wales. The UK is + composed of England, Scotland, ?______ The Welsh are more? than the English “The Scots are more 3 - In the 1950s immigrants came to England from the + More recéntly, people arrived from India, > ____.Computer penfriends . Punctuation in English Punctuation symbol and name } acomma + afull stop C acapital letter 2 aquestion mark t ‘4.7 speech marks 1 an exclamation mark : acolon t> an apostrophe ‘A When are these punctuation symbols O sed in English B How do these uses compare with (punctuation in your language? Studying the sample 1 “-Understanding the task A Read the advertisement and answer the questions. 1 What is a penfriend? 2. Why might it be interesting to have a penfriend:in another country? -pen-firiend Compu Looking for a penfriend? Look no further! Simply complete the application form below and email it to us together with your personal profile. } We'll do our best to match you on our computer to someone you'll really click with! B_ Sam is sending her personal profile to Compu-pen-friends. She has divided the profile into paragraphs but there is no punctuation. Add the'correct punctuation. © Now match the five paragraphs in Sam’s profile with these headings. - a. Future plans | Physical description Home and education Character and interests Nationality aanc |" Ble Edt View Insert Format Tools GPoreply yreply to Al yGForwar From: Sam Dunsford Personal Profile . e my name is samantha mary dunsford or sam for short | am 17 years old tall and have black hair and brown eyes t dont wear a hat with corks on it and 1 never call people sport isnt that how many people see austtalians V'm quiet by nature but my friends say that 1 have a sense of humour I enjoy going to discos and we have beach barbecues in the summer Ive always been interested in music but my passion is jazz my family live in a bungalow outside town my parents are teachers | have two sisters the most ‘interesting school subject for me is history 1 can speak french | am not good at maths : Lintend to visit the usa as 1 find its culture fascinating Im t I don't know if Im a typical australian or not | go surfing but | | looking forward to having a pertfriend | Steps to better writing 2 Word order of adverbs ‘A Adverbs of time usually come before an ordinary verb, and after be, an auxiliary verb or a modal verb. Where do the adverbs never and often come in these sentences? 1 [go to the cinema. 3 I have been to Paris. \ 2 Icanfind time to relax. 4 lam late. B Adverbs of manner usually come after a verb or after the object of a verb. Where do the adverbs well and quickly come in these sentences? , 1 Ispeak English. 2 Iwrite. 3 Please read this text C. Now write four sentences about yourself using the adverbs in A and B.3 Adjectives and adverbs Mace Sam's profile more interesting and -*o-mative. Put these abverbs and 2 =clives in a suitable place in her profile tw marking (+). They are in the correct order. full » quite + straight » dark» rather - best usually -Very « greatest - large just + older quite well unfortunately - much always really 4 Adjectives and prepositions A. Match these adjectives to the prepositions. interesfed, « erniBarrassed’s’ ashamed - keen proud “bored - sd" ~ on - ig: of with by -at_ 3 Discuss with a partner what makes you interested, embarrassed, ashamed, keen, proud or bored ' Write four sentences about what you or your partner said. Words describing appearance Which of these adjectives can describe: 1 hair? 2 size? 3 eyes? Ser tocd curly “Stocky wavy - of medium build yo. ¢ uO + black © round» brown » short fair + slim + well-built » green « blue B Use some of the words to write three _ Sentences describing your appearance. 6 Indefinite articles > re... A Look at Dan's personal'profile. He has left out some personal information. Imagine what the information might be and complete the gaps. B_ Dan has also left out all the indefinite articles. We use an indefinite article: * when we are mentioning something for the first time. . Example a My family live in a bungalow. «with a singular countable noun. Example 1 don’t wear a hat with corks on it Look at Dan’s profile again. Add any missing indefinite articles. Dan has arranged the order of paragraphs in his profile differently. Sam’s order is better. Why? ae ‘ubjeet: Personal Profiic ‘My name is Daniel Bradford but I'm sometimes called Dan for short. 1am 1 =. years ald, 2! and have 3 ; 2 hair and 4 =. 1 eyes. Vm 5<____ by nature but all my friends say that | have © great sense of humour. | enjoy § with my friends and 1 “Vike sports. I've always been 7 in sports but my real passion is ® ¢ . ‘ I don’t know whether I’ni'typical American or not. | like fast food but | never say ‘Hi, man!" Isn't that what people think Americans do? ' intend to go to Australia one day. 1 find 9 YT." fascinating. I'm looking forward to having penfriend there. | live with my mother and two brothers in small town. My mother works in°office. The most interesting school subject for me is 10+ T can speak Spanish but !" is subject 1 am not very 2 at Writing your personal profile 7 Brainstorming Ina group, brainstorm what to write in your profile. Make notes about. these things: ‘© personal details character activities you find interesting / boring achievements you are quite proud of school subjects you are good or not good at future plans 8 Planning and writing A’ You are going to send your personal profile to the agency. Use your notes and these instructions to make a plan. 1 Write some paragraph headings. 2 Organise your notes and ideas under each heading 3 Decide what order the paragraphs will be in. B_ Now write your profile following your plan. Use some of the adjectives and adverbs in this section. 9 Checking 1. Check your punctuation. 2. Check for indefinite articles. 3. Isyour profile interesting? Have you included some of the adjectives and adverbs you have studied?Identity parades Voice recognition ; , Computer-aided videofit QD} Distinguishing marks “osermammacerstzaamseaiol Listening skills 1 Vocabulary ‘A The photos above show four ways of identifying criminals. Label them with the descriptions. B_ Which of these means of identification do you think is the most and which the least reliable? Explain why. 2 Completing notes %@s Exam training Completing notes Try to guess what kind of information you need before you listen. Your answers should be short and do not have to be whole sentences. The words you need are on the tape but they may not be in the same order, or used in the same way as they are in the task. You are going to hear part of a radio programme about three of the en, read the notes carefully, means of identification. Before you then listen and complete them. Identity parades Where, used: all over the world What suspect is allowed to do in line: Disadvantage: an® Voice recognition _— may be chosen by mistake. Why voice can be measured: has itsown? First developed: * — What is measured: the sand the® __ _of the sound ‘Advantage: can be used for measuring voices ofi the” Computer-aided videofit Réplaced:® identification Advantage: features are changed to show a* Recent: development: ” video, *'T) ~Y whet ng True or false? Sq) Listen to part of a telephone conversation with Alex Selig, a university student who takes part in identity parades in his spare time. Decide if these statements are true or false. Can you correct those which are false? 1. The phone call is from a police officer. 2. There is an identity parade on Tuesday afternoon, They haven't given Alex much notice. It starts at 3.50. Fi 5 Alexcan make it aw Identifying statements Sqn Exam training Identifying statements Listen carefully because the speaker may make a statement which is similar to but not exactly the same as the one given. You are going to hear part of an interview with Alex. Before you listen, read through the statements carefully. While you listen, decide whether Alex made these statements or not. Write yes or no next to each one. : 11 sawan advert for the job in a local newspaper. I've taken part in over 15 parades.“ I'm not allowed to wear my own clothes. I'm paid extra to work at short notice I sometimes find it difficult to stand stil. I'm sometimes asked to put on a false beard. ) 7 We don't see the witness.” 8 I've never been identified as the suspect. - auUkUN If you have written no next to any of the statements, listen again and find out what Alex did say, Would you like to take part in an identity parade? Why? Why not? He ompos ao PSpeaking skills 5 word stress Sq) A. These words appear in the interview with Alex. Listen to them again and underline the main stress on each one. _ Example interested 1 business 4 committed 2. application 5 additional 3. definitely 6 penniless B_ Practise réading the words aloud. Make the stressed syllable louder than the others. © Write out these parts of speech and underline the stressed syllable. 1 the verb form of application 2. theadjective form of definitely 3 the verb form of committed : 4 the adverb form of additional, 6 Vocabulary Here are some words connected with crime. Ask and explain in your own words what they mean. Use How do /...? to help you. + accriminal steal a reward a suspect + a witness « a prison - a burglar » identify + aransom arrest - a thief a mugger asentence a judge ajury an offence z= Ask what something means \) What does the word ... mean? ' Can you tell me what ... means? __ Explain what something means ©) Itmeans someone / something who / which It’sa kind / sort / way of ... “oe 7 Functions Match functions a~e with what the speakers say in 1-5, then choose the correct alternative for each sentence. , \a_ asking someone to agree with you Sb asking for someone’s opinion , : Sc explaining what you mean - — d_ asking about meaning e expressing an opinion ’ ‘© What means ‘burglary’? / What does ‘burglary’ mean? I think it's stealing something from | setting fire tdsomeone’s house. * ~ a 3. © Actually, | think speeding’s @/ the serious crime. | mean it’s bad f worse than burglary. 4 © I'mnotsure. Don't you think burglary’s much | many more serious than speeding? 5 0 Well, what you think / do you think isa suitable punishment for speeding? A prison sentence? No 8 Talking about meaning “With a partner, check that you know the meanings of these crimes and punishments. Grimes speeding + kidnapping - mugging - theft » robbery + burglary + manslaughter murder fraud parking illegally Punishments € physical punishment « the death penalty « a prison sentence « a fine + community service 9 Discussion 11 Which of the crimes do you consider to be the most serious? Why? 2. What would be a suitable punishment for these crimes? 3 Do you know what happens to people in your country if they commit these crimes?Vocabulary 1 Adjectives and prepositions Complete these sentences using the correct preposition and your own words. a 1 People are sometimes ashamed 2 ‘Iwas very embarrassed —__ n 3. Parents are sometimes very proud 4. The students in my class are not very keen 5. Wearen't very interested 2/75 ‘ 6 tam better 2___.) : 7 lam often bored _ 8 Everyone was fascinated 3.5. Ma 7 Words connected with crime Use one of these words to complete the paragraph. = sentence + criminal « offence » judge + jury « arrest » ransom + kidnapping « reward There are many different kinds of crimes. 1 taking somebody away and demanding a 2 for their return, is a particularly serious > The police often offer a4 ___, wi sometimes quite a substantial sum of money, for information leading to the 5 ___ of a ‘ . It is not always casy for a7 to decide whether a suspect is guilty or not. The 8 of a suspect often takes days, or even weeks. Having decided on their verdict, the jury do not, however, have to decide how long a9 to give. That is the job of the : al Adverbs of time and manner Put the adverbs in brackets in the correct position. 1. (well) The children speak Spanish. 2. (quickly) Don’t write so because it makes your writing difficult to read (often) Our neighbours invite us over for a coffee. (badly) He pronounces his words so that you can’t understand what he says. (ever) Have you been to France? {always) We go skiing in February. (neatly) He writes everything. (never) Wé seem to be able to find time to go to the swimming pool aw eau 4 al Vocabulary in use ‘A Match words 1-8 with meanings a-h. 1 procedure a _an important or noticeable part 2 resemble — b changed 2% 3 unique © trained to behave properly i 4 feature d unlike anything else oF € look like SO 6 ‘disciplined highly developed 7 civilised —_g_ the correct way to do something ) 8 witness _-h someone who sees a crime B_ Now use ane of the words in A in the correct form to wat uengomplete these sentences. Children used to be much more ____ when | went to school. 2 What's the if there is a fire? 3 Who do you _— in your family? 4. I’ve never heard anything like that singer’s voice. It’s. quite ee 5 Now this new invention has several unusual —__ 6 I didn't recognise him at first. His appearance was completely 7. The police say they have found a____ to the crime. 8 Some people think that in a society, war is *e unacceptable. { 5 What's the crime? Write a word which has the same meaning as the definitions in 1-6. The first letter of each word is given. 1 breaking in to steal something == 2. driving more quickly than the limit s___ , 3 killing unintentionally ee 4 killing intentionally > mo 5 attacking and robbing violently mo 6 the act of stealing to 6 Word stress Underline the stressed syllable on these verbs and nouns. Example . : rely reliability appear appearance 6 develop de punish punishment — 7 inform” — infor a apply, application 8 regpgnise. recor ~ add additional 9 complete comes. identify’ identification 10 describe descapuce wewna7 ull Articles Put the lines in the dialogues in the correct order and fill the gaps with the, a or no article. Dialogue 1 1 Mark Yes please, 'm looking for ___ pair of jeans. 2 Assistant Hello. Can | help you? 3 Mark \I'm_=_ size 12 4 Assistant What size are you? 5 Mark — like 4. black pair in the window. 6 Assistant And which style do you prefer? Dialogue 2 1 Kate Yes, it is. How did you get here? 2! Rachel Hi Kate. It's C\__ good party, isn’t it? 3 Kate came by car. Do you need lift home? 4 Rachel | took ___ bus. What about you? Dialogue 3 1 Phil Really? | went there Jast year. Are you going ; walking? 2 Clare. Yes, Ihave. I'm going to _~_ Snowdonia ; National Park. 3 Phil Have you booked your holiday yet? 4 Clare I’mnot sure. | think you can take — train through —_\_ mountains. ”. Speaking 8 Question tags Complete the question tags in sentences 7-4. 1 Fraud is a serious crime,\___ ? \ 2. The thief robbed a bank, __?” 3. The bank has been robbed, ___? 4. The sentence he received was for five years, ? 9 Giving definitions Complete this dialogue using these phrases. —a_ would be enough = b prison sentence = Ithink it’s —d_ do you think would be ~e doesit mean —f I'mnotsure -g_ much more serious —h don’tyou - i first offence Ted Yousee this word ‘fraud’? What? __? sally 2 Ted Actually, | think robbery’s a serious crime, 3 ? ‘getting money illegally’. Sally *____. Surely fraud is5 < than robbery? Ted Well, what 6 Ca suitable punishment for robbery? Sally Perhaps a long? Ted Don't you think a short one®_! 2 Sally Well, maybe for the?_& Giving an account Student A: look at page 141 Student B: look at page 141 Writing 11€rror correction Read this extract from a personal profile. Some words are used incorrectly, others are missing, and there are other = mistakes. Can you underline and / or correct the mistakes? eoe Personal profile My complete name is Alexander John Brown but my family and friends call me Alex as short. 1 have 16 years, of medium height and have black hairs and blue eyes. Its strange because my brothers eyes are brown. | live in new zealand but in small town, not on sheep farm, I’m sociable person by nature and 1 enjoy an outdoor life. Theres plenty to do | live so 1 never get bored. My parents are both teacher but not in the same schoo! that I go to, I'm good in Janguages but not so clever when it comes to science. | intend to travel in abroad one day to see the rest of the world. TTGrammar 1 Choose the best answer for each gap, a, b or c. Lost years : Imagine you have had a car accident. After the accident you | wake up in hospital and there are strange people around your bed. . You ask them who they are, and they tell you they are your family. Jy You suddenly 2 _____ frightened. You're sure you 3? _____ these people. ‘This is what happened to 38-year-old Pam Halliday. Six months ago Pam 4 ____ a bad car accident and lost part of her long-term and short-term memory. When she woke up Pam wanted 5 her parents, but both her parents had died several years before. In fact the last 15 years had completely disappeared from Pam's memory. She © her husband or her two teenage daughters who rushed to her bedside. The last thing Pam 7_____. remember was working in a hotel as a waitress when she was 23 years old. ‘When 1 asked for my parents someone told me they were dead? says Pam. ‘I thought ‘That # ____ fue’ It was an awful experience! ‘But the strangest thing was when 19 myself in a mirror’ she adds. ‘I was horrified. 119 ___ myself as a 23-year-old and now suddenly 1 was old. 1"? __~_ accept what had happened? ‘Since then friends and family 2 ____ to reconstruct Pam's past for her. ‘I have seen photographs of my family ~ thousands of photographs ~ at first 1 2____ recognise the people’ says Pam. "But now 1 ____ who is who! Pam's doctor fs optimistic. “There are signs that Pam's memory 15 ___t he says. ‘Over the next few years she 1S ____ regain the majority of her past experiences! “My husband Simon 7 — incredible, says Pam. ‘When 1 © ____ to him talk about things, } feel happy’ 1@ wake up b arewakingup —¢_ woke up 2a feel b are feeling were feeling 3 a hadnever met b didn'tevermeet +c have never met 4 a was having b had cc hashad 5 a tocontact b contacting contact 6 a doesn't recognise b didn’trecognise . c isn't recognising 7 a must b could © may 8 a can'tbe b must be might be 9 a_wasseeing b have seen c saw 10 a haveremembered b_ remembered ¢ am remembering 11a can't b couldn't © mustn't 12 a tried b try have tried 13 a maynot b couldn't c_ might not “14 a am knowing b have known know 15 a isretuning b_ returns returned 16 a hasto b maybe might 17 a was b hasbeen might be 18 a was listening (© amlistening listened 2 Choose the correct alternative for each reply. 1 © Clare is 20 years old She mustn't be / can’t be. She looks y much younger. . 2 0 Where's Graham? © mot sure. He might be | must be watching television. 3 © Doyou want to go to university? © Yes, but | have to / can pass my exams first 4 © Isit true that Peter broke his leg? cd * Yes: he can’t / doesn’t have to windsurf for three months. 5 0 Can{smoke in here? * No, you mustn't / don’t have to smoke in the library. 6 © Does Tim like Isabelle? © He could / might. He asked meforher phone number. 7 © Did you enjoy going camping? ‘© Not really. had to / must get up at six every morning, 8 © Doyou need to make a phone call? © Yes, | do. Can't / May | borrow your mobile phone? 9 © Whyisn’t Dave coming to the concert? © He's been working all day. He ‘ must | has to be tired. . “ef \B.. Choose the correct alternative. a | Sa Dreams often help / are often helping : people solve their problems. 2. When people see Andy for the first time, they think /are thinking he's David « Beckham. . 3. fim is needing to / needs to practise if-he wants to win the tennis tournament. 4. 0 Whyisn’t Greg at the party? © He's doing / does his homework. 5 Rob is always complaining / always complains about his job. He should do something about it 6 Mark prefers /is preferring ta play footbati rather than basketball 7 Who does this mobile phone belong to / is this mobile phone belonging to? 8 More and more people become /are becoming dependent on the Internet for their shopping. ~| Vocabulary 4 Choose the correct meaning, a or b, for the verbs in italic. 1 Maria offered to put Jack up while he was looking for a flat. . a tolerate %b offer accommodation to 2. Louise made up a ghost story to entertain her friends. a_ invented b decided to tell 3. After his parents died, Brian had to bring up his younger brothers and sisters. a leave b raise and look after 4 Mark offered to pick Pam up when she arrived at the - airport. a collect b take hold of 5. Rachel cleared up caréfully after the party. Her parents were returning from holiday the next day. a tidied up b explained the problem 6 Sue put off going to university and worked abroad for a year. : a delayed going b decided not to go 5 Complete each sentence with the correct form of one of these words. 5 HNN perform apply» construct » punish organise appear converse identify ae 1 When the witness made a positive __, the criminal was arrested, pyar 2. Johr’s sudden at the party surprised everyone. Nobody expected him to come. 3. Wt’sdifficult to havea with Rob. He’s so shy. 4 The attor’s ____ had good reviews in all the national papers., 5 5. The __'_ of the new bridge over the River Thames took two years. abl uo 6 Karen completed her university form and sent it off , 7 The Red Cross is a charitable which helps people around the world. \ 8 Many people agree that capital ___ should no fe lonser exit ‘6 * Add the correct prefix to each word in 1-5. won ret oc ‘4 Wise -\ une im: » ire attractive! A aul 2 reliable ~U 5 responsible } 7 3 patient | Yr eno SE VOR VGN EY) i POucseer Pyar a J) apply, =n Une. gush “ROMOZ ANG appheoh'on forma-Qw {ke (complete the gaps with the words you have made in A. 1 Tina gets very , especially when she has to wait for someone. 2. Itwasa rainy day. The houses in the street looked grey and — ~ * CO. 3. Drinking and drivingis'sn'___!~ thingto do _ 4 itis ____ to try and cheat in an examination, j 5 Diane is quite ___-.. she will say one thing and do another. 7] witness is describing a bank robber to a police officer. Complete the description with these words. stocky « tall « fair « wavy - blue + short Well, he was 1 metre 70 I think, quite *_____ and big, | mean?” ‘He looked dangerous. I'd say he was in his. late 20s. The cofour of his hair? It was 3 . Hcould see it below his mask, although it was quite * _. No, it wasn't > ., it was straight. His eyes? Well, | can’t forget them. They were § ____ and very cold. Listening «. 8. Listen to the first part of the recording. Decide which of A these statements the speaker makes. Write yes or no next to each one. 1 Many dreams are about positive experiences. 2. We can't control most of our dreams. 3. People often dream about TV programmes. VQ 4 Psychologists think good and bad dreams are important. — 5. Dreams help us find solutions to problems. J B_ Now listen to the rest of the recording and complete notes 1-7. . Length of dreams: from? to___ Number of dreams: up to2 in one night. What people want to know: 3 Usual dream topics: 4 ___, blocked passageways, rivers you can’t , hair and teeth disappearing. Significance of dreams: wish to _____, fear of 7 H)bortea| duooe< j eros y \wr ol: 6 PLDC o Noy 5 ot OPC! balGe 5M 2. - OTWOULLILLL 4 Vlaaadian 4 olde S €Ups and downs of the human race re emma: ummm These pictures show the . development of a human being. - at different times in history. a What is the main difference you can see? Can you think of any reasons : for the difference? XM nena comrersememionee: Skills 1 Timing your reading The article on page 31 is shorter than the one in Unit 2. See how long it takes you to read it. > Understanding the text Exam training Scanning is reading through a text quickly and stopping when you find the information you are looking for. This helps you to ignore what is less important in the text. ‘over 1.5m Lo pam 000 BC today { | (Go-Magnon —— i tineeencmmrestment Scan the text and answer these questions. 1 What are human beings returning to? 2 What effect did the invention of agriculture have on the diet of the human race? 3. What effect did the climate have on the development of humans? 4 According to some experts, what might the future of the human race be? (There are two possible answers.) 3. Summarising the paragraphs Exam Training ‘Asummary sentence shows the main idea of the whole paragraph. Read the | hole paragraph before you decide which sentence isan accurate summary | A Read the article again and decide which sentence, a or b, is the better summary of paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 4. - 1 a Humans are now becoming taller and taller. b Humans are rapidly reaching the height they were long ago. 2 a Ourancestors had a healthier, more varied diet. b_ Ourancestors were never short of food. 3a. Agriculture provided humans with more than enough food b Agriculture affected the way human beings developed. 4 a Humans change their size and shape according to their environment. b_ Global warming may have an effect on the development of humans. B_ Now complete this sentence summarising Paragraph 5. The world has been slow to keep up with .« Ce Vocabulary e 4 Word search Look at the article again and try to find: 1 adjectives in paragraph 1 which describe a anormal amount or quality. b_ being correct or exact. 2. nouns in paragraph 2 which talk about a all those who lived before us. b people who fed themselves in a certain way. 3. adverbs in paragraph 4 which mean a onlya little. b certainly. 4 verbs in paragraph 5 which suggest the idea of a. rising very quickly. _b becoming smailer.5 Nouns, verbs and adjectives These words and phrases are in the article. Choose the best meaning in context, a, b or c. 1 truly (line 3) a honestly * really faithfully 2. disastrous (line 14) 4 support (line 19) a carry the weight of b givestrength to ¢ 5 provide with the necessities of life a unlucky 5. a couch potato (line 27) b. terrible a aboring person unbelievable .,b- alazy individual 3 taken over (line 15) ¢ anoverweight adult a_ removed 6 carryon (line 42) b_ managed a. behave strangely occupied b_ lose your temper A continue todo) Use one of these prepositions to complete each sentence. with for + at» on off. tos in 1 When I look back ____. my childhood, | always feel happy. : . 3 2. Eating too much juik food can result 1) people becoming overweight. 3. We can be healthier by adding fresh fruit and vegetables our diet 4. These shoes are too big 0 me. 5. Itis difficult to come to terms the loss of a loved one. 6 My brother is better ___ Maths than | am. Allee D 1. What are the disadvantages of being tall in a modern world? What are the advantages? What other things affected the development of hman beings in the past? What other things affect our development nowadays? What can we do to make sure that we do not end up a couch potatoes? Why might the potato appeal to some people? 2 fe of a couch Too big for our boots? Biv ten years, the aferage person in Europe grows “bout another 13 millimetres. Every year, more and snore truly big people are born. So welcome to the high society, or, to be more accurate, welcome back to it: 5 To understand the reasons for this return to our former height it is necessary to look back on our history. For most of our evolutionary past, ourangestors got their food from fa wide variety of sources: while women were gathering herbs, fruits and berries, men were adding to our diet by wo killing wild animals. One study found that the "hunter, used to have a diet of 85 different plants, for ee eee gatherers example Then, about 9,000 years ago, agriculture was invented — with disastrous results. Most of our planet's green places ve were taken over by farmers, which meant that just three plants - wheat, rice and maize - became the staple diet of the human race. This left us smaller and less healthy. Still, agriculture spread because a piece of farmland could support ten times the number of people who lived off it as 20 hunter-gatherers. | During the last ide age, 10,000 years ago, people were lightly rounder and taller ~ an answer to the cold. Larger round bodies are undouifedly better at keeping in the heat! Since our climate began to get hotter, we appear to have ds become slightly thinner and smal ‘As global warming begins to take effect, we may s! rink even further. Mankind’s future could be that of a couch potato, a lazy creature, with a taste for far too much junk food, comfortable sofas and home entertainment, Some sbscientists say that not enough exercise will result in humans developing smaller skeletons and bodies which are too fat. On the other hand, nowadays, in Europe, ‘america and Japan, diets are beginning to be what they were before. ss Asa result, heights in some countries are sqaring, but the world has not yet been intelligent enough to come to terms with this, A standard Buropean bed length was fixed in 1860, while the height of a door was decided in 1880, and poth have remained the same ever since. Even worse, the so legroom in some planes and trains seems to have shrunk rather than grown, The question is, where will it all end? We cannot carry on growing for ever! The Observer - Robin Mckic and Roger TredreLet’s focus on the past 3 Question forms Here are two scenes from a science fiction film. What is happening in in[paits ask and[answer,these questions the pictures? about Back to the Future. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets 1 What 8) unusual about the film? When /it (be released)? When / action (take) place? Which year / Marty (go) back to> When / sequels (appear)? wen 4 The past simple or the past continuous? A Read the sentence below. Which tense in bold do we often use: 1 toset the scene in a story? 2. for a series of actions taking place one after another? > When Marty returned to the 1980s, his parents were living a different kind of life. - B_ Read this short story. Some of the verbs are not correct. Can you correct them? te 1 Pasttime 4). - Listen to a TV presenter talking about a film and complete the sentences. i ne wigter evening a few — . oe f Back to the Future e O ago, 1? walked down a ve ‘ st in London wi Steven Spjelberg’s film Back to the Future ? “sin 1985. The oes aici an old action? ______in the 1980s and 1950s. In the film, teenager Marty by cna at were being pleased t© McFly 3 _______‘in time to 1955. He had to make sure that his. + friend. We ergo we 4 decided to mother and father“. Two sequels to the film 5 ___XKA see each other aurant on the in 1989 and 1990, uit go for a coffee in 2 reste other side of the road. She 5 was seeming very different ao her hair much dacker thay | © was venemberitg We! °F sled thorroad when a.strong wind suddenly ° wae J up. My friend 9 screamed + eer fi couldn’ ‘t,understand why intil |) was noticing a black furry bundle being carried by the wind down the street. It "2 was my-friend’s hair ~a wig, actually. She's an actress, ye, and. she was On her way to a rehearsal. So, there she was. chasing her wig down the mida of Oxford Street! 2 Test your knowledge! { ‘A Work with a partner. Divide the verbs below into four groups. 1 Regular verbs which add ed to form their past tense. 2 Regular verbs which add d to form their past tense. 3. Regular verbs which change y to ied to form their past tense 4 Irregular verbs. What are.the irregular forms? . appear be becdme believe begin broadcast, build — carry. feel find get grow know leave make offer raise, «rise send shrink + sink Spread take - teach tell’ think se write B_ Which regular verb endings do we pronounce /id/, /d/ or /t/? you set © Make sentences in the past fense using a word or phrase from the box + in, on, at, or no preposition. Example | played football yesterday. . yesterday Sunday 6o'dlock last month two months ago this morning 1998 the day before yesterday midday wm ast birthday Christmas Eve Easter the holidays > :av wax complete Slip’s answer? Qin 7 Tip Is it correct to say ‘When | was studying English in London, 1 was meeting a famous actress. ata party’? Slip No, because 5. Active or passive? 4 Match these statements about when to use the passive to sentences 1-6. 4 We don't know who or what did the action. b Both the action and the person or thing that did it are important. We probably know who or what did the action, but it is not important, so we don’t mention them. The film was produced by Steven Spielberg, Abank in the city centre was robbed early this morning. Latin was the language spoken in the Roman Empire. A man was attacked in the city centre last night This picture was painted by Monet. This car was made in Germany. 3. Choose the correct form, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets. This book (write) in 1999. Who (direct) that film called Psycho? The film (shoot) in Africa The book (turn) ihto a film by Spielberg’a few years ago. ShakeSpeare (write) in English. rote The hotel (build) in the 1980s. Ao The city (destroy) by an earthquake in the 1800s. \W Qs The students (teach) by a native speaker last year. frrrelod 0 NOs NOUhUNS 8 6 The right tense . 5 Use one of these verbs in the correct form to complete the paragraph attack’ build can come have find happen five make + not’ go park» realise Marty McFly's friend 1_. ___a time machine. One day, when he 2 his carina shopping mall car park, he 3“ by a group of terrorists. As a result, quite by accident, Marty *__!___ himself back 30 years in the past. Marty’s parents 5 out with each other at that time and Marty 6 that they? .___ to fall for each other so that he® be born. Marty eventually 97°" »-sure that this 1___ and, when he *COU0% back to the present, his parents 12. a much more interesting life. : 1 When do we use the past simple? 2. What's the difference between the past simple and continuous? 3) Why do we use the passive? i Let’s activate! The first or last time In small groups, ask each other about the first or last time you experienced these things see an interesting film When was the last time you saw an interesting film? The last time I saw a really interesting film was about a month ago. It was a science fiction film. It was directed by Spielberg and it was really exciting because dinosaurs were fighting humans to take over the earth. teach someone how or learn how to do something 3 dosomething + you are proud of 4 dasomething ina hurry Optional writing Write a short paragraph about one of your experiences. Make a list of the verbs and tenses you need to use. Try to include some passives. Example the present was made in / of .... the instructions were printed in ... the letter was delivered by ..., the medal was presented by .. the delay was caused by .Vocabulary 1 Word building . Put the words in brackets into the correct form. Check ‘your answers ina dictionary 41 Television was one of the most important ____ of the 20th century. (invent) - 2 The ____ of agriculture meant that man’s diet was Jess varied than before. (develop) 3 "In order to have a healthy diet, you should eat a wide “of food. (vary) 4 Nowadays the average’ = (high), __ of aman is 1.80 metres. ~ to leave the football team surprised everyone. (decide ) nt 6 The earthquake caused a lot of Buildings were damaged and many people were injured. (destroy) Words that go together Choose the best answer, a, b, or c to complete these sentences. 1 When the film was _____ at cinemas, it was a box- office success. a released b broadcast ¢ held 2 The novel starts with a murder. This, \ the scene for the rest of the story. a gives b makes sets, 3. Assoon as Tom met Eva, he — for her. It was love at first sight. @ fell b liked =~ ¢ went 4 Last night, the local bank was . Police are appealing for witnesses a. stolen b robbed ¢ taken 5. The window was broken kicked a ball through it. accident. Somebody a on b by ¢ with 6 Our plane landed three hours late. The delay was by bad weather. a made b created caused 7 The hit TV series Friends is ____ in countries all over the world. a presented —b broadcast. played 3 al Phrasal verbs - back A Divide these phrasal verbs into two groups. a_ verbs which mean to think about the past b_ verbs which mean to return or to return something 1. Tina phoned while you were out. Can you ring her back” My Madonna CD brings back memories of when | was on holiday. 3. The journey took longer than they thought. By the time, they got back home it was dark y 4 Pam didn't like her new dress, so she took it back to the shop: 5 The weather was so bad that the climbers had to turn, back and camp at the foot of the mountain. 6 Susan enjoyed looking back on her chitdhaod. She hac » had some very happy times. : B_ Now complete these sentences. 1 Lusually take something back to a shop if ... { 2 When { look at holiday photos, they bring back... * 3. often get back home from school at { Grammar ; | - ! 5 A Past simple and prepositions of time Rewrite the verbs in the correct form to complete the sentences, then fill in the gaps with in, on, at, or no preposition, 1 Paul (take) a trip to New York ~ last week. He (see) lots of interesting sights while he was there. 2. Kate's grandparents live near the sea. She usually sees them the summer holidays, but this year she (visit) them _____ Christmas. : 3 _____ her birthday Pam (go) to the cinema with An They (watch) a romantic film together. { 4 When Karl (see) a UFO _____ two weeks ago, he (tell} all his friends. Nobody (believe) him. 5 Mysister (come) to stay 1 Tuesday. Her tain wa due to arrive —_ midday, but it was two hours 6 Sarah (have) a job interview 2% _ Friday. The company (offer) her the job _~_. this moraing Past simple or past continuous? Use the verbs in the correct form to complete these sentences. 9 1. The teacher (talk) about her weekend, wher someone * (ask) her a question 2 Tom =. __ (walk) down the street when he (see) Jane. 3 Mike ____ (not work) when Tina ___ (arrive 1 _ (watch) TV. 4 Clare at the party, (look) different when | ______(m5 a . The supermodel (fall over) as she ‘ns (walk) along the catwalk. While they (climb) the mountain, it ____ (begin) to snow. We (drivé) to London when we. bh (have) an accident. 1 (run) in the park when | (notice) something strange. 8 Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1 2 When they were playing tennis it was-~ beginning to rain. Tom wasn't knowing that he was being followed When 1 was Jiving in Hollywood I was- sometimes seeing famous actors. Paul was cooking dinner when the fire awas starting. y | drove past the bank when | was seeing the robbery. When Sue walked down the street, she was hearing someone call her name. 6 Active or passive? Us se the verbs in the correct form to complete these sentences. 1 6 Michael J. Fox (star) in the film Back tothe Future. The first film about time travel (not release) until 1960. sk Millions of people (watch) the basketball match on television. Someone _____ (steal) a valuable painting from the museum. The criminal “ (sentence) to ten years in jail. ak, Archaeologists (discover) the remains of a roman fort. 7 all Questions You went to Hollywood last week. When you returned your friends asked these questions. Use the prompts to write the questions. 1 2 3 4 au you / (visit) a film studio? Which actors / you (meet)? you / (see) any films? Which films / (be directed) by Steven Spielberg? When / Saving Private Ryan (be made)? How / the special effects (be created)? you / (be invited) to a premiére? 8 The right verb Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete this text.” On the 28: December 1895, the first cinema,! was pened (open) in Paris. Only 35 tickets 2+ (geil thae day, but by the end ofthe week more and more people 3 (want) to see the moving pictures. This first silent film + 4 direct} by Louis and Auguste Lumiére While the Lumiére brothers 5S +. \(make) their first film, H.G. Wells 6s. ¢writé) his novel The Time Machine. It was the first novel about time travel, and? (became) ait instant best-seller. It tells the story of an adventurous Victorian inventor who travels, to 1917, 1940, 1966 and 802701! However, although it mous science-fiction 8Y__ Teomplete}'in 1895, the book 9 1 G.5 quot turn into) a film until 1960, When it 10\."5 freleasef audiences rushed to see it hirty years after The Time Machine, other time travellers uG__! (begin) to appear at the cinema, In 1990 Michael J. Fox 12 ___+ (take) his third trip into the future in Back to the Future 3, while Arnold Schwarzenegger '3 (search) for his past in Total Recall. Both films were box office hits, and both '4 UL: (use) special effects to create the journeys into the past and eater. future, These effects not te 7a, « only amazed and entertained audiences, but they also managed to turn fantasy into reality. People ! (can) finally experience what it was like to travel through time, w 9 Spelicheck Nouns which end in a consonant + y form their plural by adding -ies. Example variety varieties 1 Can you think of some other examples of nouns like this? 2 How do we make plurals of nouns which end in a vowel + y, e.g. key? 3. Verbs which end in a consonant + y form other verb endings by changing the -y to ~ies or ~ied. How do we make other forms of verbs which end ina vowel + y, e.g., say, buy? . 4 What do we change in verbs like stay or study when we add -ing? Teeter aaa -h Reliving the past Describe what you can see in the picture. How much do you know about this period in history? Talk to a partner about: 1 what language the people spoke. 2 what the people were like. 3 what everyday life was like. 4 what kind of things the people built. 5. what kind of entertainment they enjoyed. Listening skills 1 Using pictures Look at this photograph of Jeff. What is Listening for specific information qx Now listen again and make notes about 15. he holding? What is he wearing on his 11 jobs that Jeff has done in his life’ ~ * head? What do you think his job is? 2 how much Jeff spent on Roman 1 equipment ( 2 True or false? %q)u 3. how Jeff found customers for his business 4. two different places where Jeff gives talks Exam training 5. the aims of Jeff's talk True or false? Read through the statements carefully but never decide before you listen whether they are true or false. You may think the statement is true but it may not match what you actually hear. Vowel sounds 4q)1 All the words on the left are in Jeft’s talk, Are the vowel sounds of the other words the same? Which are different? 1 head bed said wear where were Listen to Jeff talking about his work work walk word 2 3 and decide if these statements are true 4 took soon moon or false, 5 else tell help 6 7 8 9 1 - Jeff has always done work connected with history. so know how 2~ Jeff took time off from his job to study Roman history. done sun + some 3> Jeff got somebody else to make his Roman clothes and weapons. clothes cloth both 4 Jeff's original idea was to work mostly with tourists. weapons weather whether 5. Jeff's talk helps people to understand why the Roman empire was 10. tour pour four so large. B’ Now listen to the words and check your 6 - Jeff has a special small-sized uniform for school children to try on. answers.ita St) soe, Uo, Y S WUD LOVANOM, MOUpOD. suuire 4 Gee a Pana Speaking skills B_ Now discuss the advantages and 3 4 ' ‘ disadvantages of living in each of these periods, then decide which period would be the most interesting to relive. Use these Phrasal verbs - take off, give up, try on Answer the questions with a partner. 11 What took off when Jeff worked in the museum? 2. What other things take off? Roroeeny 4 ore ene Ce ee 3. What sorts of things can you take off? ‘ Cite; living conditions very unhealthy 4 What did Jeff give up? . r 3! © people expected less from life 5. What other things do people often give up? “+ <6 families spent more time together ~~ 6 What do children try on during Jeff's talk? 4 a 7 What other things can you try on? © young men left home to fight in the war Use one of the verbs in the correct form to complete these sentences. # the world was a more exciting place 1. It’salways a good idea to ___ clothes before buying them * people made their own entertainment 2. I don’t think my uncle will ever be able to____ smoking # people in small communities helped 3. The plane’_ late because of the storm. each other 4. After several months of hard work, Simon's computer company * no heating or running water really * disease and illness common 5 Ihate ____ Shoes in shoe shops. They are never the right size forme. & i Expressions Make comparisons 1. What does Jeff mean when he says he brings the Romans to life? icine enh In what other ways can we bring history to life? Is ita good idea? 2 What does Jeff mean when he says he makes a living from being a Roman soldier? Could people make a living doing this sort of work in your area? Itwasn't as ... as... Itwas more ... than Itwas a bit/much/a lot ... (er) than .. There was a bit/much less/more ... Discifssion than Here are some pictures of other periods in history. tn groups of three, There wasn't as much ... as describe one of the pictures each. There weren't as many ... as On the one hand ... but on the other hand7 Studying the sample 1 Understanding the task 1 Do you know where these photos were taken? 2 Canyou name these famous walls? ‘A. Read part of a tour guide's talk about one of these walls. As you read se walls. write the missing information inthe factfile. Ignore the missing word: s. A Ce and welcome to Hadrian’s Wall. Now before we begin our | - like to tell you something about it. history. In 558¢, the Romans * nevét 32 to conguer the whole England. The wall is an important historical monument § — 117 kilometres. © — also going to? —— T hope you will § —— Good morning ladies and gentlemen, Vd Britain and occupied most of the COUNTY for around three pundred years. But they Mund, and most of Scotland remained samide the Roman Empire, Whats more, the Romans fought many wars against M the people it ‘Scotland, so life near the 4 border was not very safe. In ADI22, they eile the wall 4 they could protect Themselves and Keep the Scots out of __ it stretches rhe way across the north of England from the east £0 the west coast: a total of _ its great age, Pe ee alc the well-preserved remains of a Roman fort at Housesteads. the visit. B_ Choose the best answer, a, b, cor d, to complete the talk. e "3. Why were they built? \ Factfile § 1 Who built it? —~_ [2 Why was it built | 3. When wasit built? — {4 Length of wall? —___— 35 What you can see today: i a travel b voyage ‘¢ tour —di_journey z a infected b invaded c intruded d inherited ; a. managed b succeededc won achieved : a as b while c sothat. d_ since a when — b because c so d while e a Although b Inspite ¢)Despite d But oe ee cb see ¢ watch — d_lookinto e a we enjoy ¢ delight d_ amaze| Steps to better writing cou Writing your talk 2. Thinking about your audience x“ . 4 Planning + Welcome your audience. A Work with a partner. You are going to give a talk to Decide how you will do this. Think about: visitors at a famous historical site in your country. 1 the time of day (Good morning, afternoon, evening). First decide with your partner which place you are going 2 how to address the people in the audience (la gentlemen, children, boys, girls) Explain your plans and say you hope your audience will bars~ 0 7..7 cli, enjoy the toury 15 3 ar & + to talk about. Use these phrases to help you. Complete the example sentences 1-6 with these words. Make suggestions 2 eri F r Let's choose ... 7 are spending . : etd I think ... isa good idea © are going d_ interested in . What about ...? e will = f tofind B_ Now plan your talk. Use these ideas to help you. 1 We to visit Place: 2 Wel see... * time in history 3 We _ the first part of the tour looking round * famous events 4 hope you are going the tour interesting. «life at that time 5. Ihope you will all ____ the tour. How to make the talk interesting: 6 hope that you will all be __."__ what we are going to © what to wear see, ‘© what to buy or make Using articles > roe 5 Writing and checking Inhis talk, the guide mentions Scotland and Hadrian's” Write your talk. Use this checklist to help you. Wall. Remember that we do not use an article fora Have you welcomed your listeners? singular country, or when the name of a building starts © Have you given a brief history of the place? with a person's name. Which of these buildings and ‘© Have you explained why the place is important? countries needs the? 1. : ‘+ Have you described everyday life in the place? 1 Great Wall of China © Have you thought of ways of making your talk 2 Buckingham Palace — interesting? . 3 Colosseum [1 © Have you included a map, photograph or picture? 4 Poland . 5 United States De ee 6 Statue of Liberty PER Giving your talk 7 Big Ben . . 8 SearsTower +hQ_ Exam training caren one ome Write three sentences like the one in the example about eg rN eae aaa famous buildings or monuments in your country. situation, it helps to take a few deep breaths before you begin. Remember not to speak too quickly — imagine you are telling your listeners something new. It also helps to use pauses so that people can follow what you're saying. In small groups, give your talk to each other.- A. Before you begin, prepare a factfile for your partners to fill in while they are listening to your talk. Give each of them a copy. B > When you have finished your talk, ask them to compare their factfiles.Rye eyeyet : Vocabulary B_ Now choose the best meaning for each phrasal 1 al Confusing words - 4g wile 1. to stop doing something A_ Match the words in italic in 1-4 with meanings a~d a 2 to remove a piece of clothing ‘4 We didn't arrive until midnight. The journey took six hours. - 3. to put on clothing to see if it fits you and 2. Mark loves sailing, This summer he's making a voyage across the suits you Pacific Ocean. 4 to suddenly become successful + 3 On Monday we went on a guided tour of Buckingham Palace. 5 {eave the ground and begin to fly 4 The travel agent offered day trips to Moscow to see all the sights. : 4 Articles travelling a long or short distance |» - a visit stopping in more than one’place Complete this text with a, an, the or no article a visit to a particular place and back d_ travelling a long distance by sea orin space.) oom Gustave Eiffel was 49 _ expert at building tall structures. He designed bridges, towers and statues and in 1885 helped to design Statue of Liberty for 3 United States. However, it wasn't until B_ Now complete eack sentence with the correct form of journey, voyage, tour or trip. a 1 We're going to doa ____. of Europe next month. We want to visit six’different countries. 2. Jeff and Clare are taking a short to Budapest this weekend i 7 3. NASAis planning another _____ to'Mars. It’s going to cost millions Paris Exhibition in 1889 that Eiffel : buile his most famous structure. It was of dollars ‘ 5 _____ rower which was 300 metres high 4 I don't like long plan They're boring and uncomfortable. and made of iron. And it was © __ tallest structure in the world unéil? ~ Empire State Building was buile 40 years later. He |, 2 Prepositions Use these prepositions to complete gaps 1-12. named it% ______ Eiffel’ Tower~ about + at + of + by for in as from + on to ‘When it was built in 1888, ° tower ' Hello, my name’s Sarah. I'm an archaeologist's assistant and I've been completely changed the way people designed” working 1". a Roman fort? __ two weeks. I've always been ‘0 ____ tall buildings. Nowadays, interested 3 _'__ archaeology, so when | saw the job advertisement superskyscrapers sch as 11 ___ World 4) __ the newspaper | applied immediately. | was lucky. Although | ‘Trade Center in’? ____ NewYork, are still had no experience 5 ___. working & an archaeologist, | was built in the same way. , offered the job. So now I spend most? ____ the day surrounded ®_____ dust and dirt! But it’s worth it, Why do ! like my job? Well, it the smallest how our brings the past 9______ life. Everything we find, *9 cup toa piece __~___ jewellery, tells us something 12 ancestors lived. It’s fascinating! 3 Phrasal verbs - take off, give up, try on A Match 1-5 with a-e. 1 0 W’svery warm in here 2.0 What time is the plane taking off? © Jeff's business has really taken off. © You should really give up smoking. It’s bad for your health, ‘© Would you like to try on another pair of trainers? wae * Yes, he must be making a fortune! * About 11 o'clock. It’s been delayed by an hour, I've tried, but | can't! * Why don’t you take off your coat? © No thanks, | think Ill take these. eance+ Speaking 95 Making comparisons Kate and Dan are talking about what __life in the Middle Ages. Sapiro acting Dan Vm not sure that’s true. | think that life would be better in the Middle Ages. ¢ lagree that kate. 4 _@ “but! still think that Dan Well, _____ day-to-day life would be difficult, but ® ____, there would be € onthe other hand no factories and” __ . Communities would be smaller and life would be f less pollution simpler. ' g on the one hand Kate But don’t you think that the nineteenth century would be 8 ____? it was the _ 4A oH that beginning of the industrial revolution and people were making a lot of progress. ; Fas hare as Dan 1know,? life in the Middle Ages would be best. iti \oose the best word, a, b, or c, to complete the tal Writin: B Choose the be d, a,b, ete the talk . 6 Giving a talk : A Read the talk and find the mistakes in the key facts. . to —_— Empire State | . Building . ey facts | Built 1930-1933 t Height 318 metres Cost $410 million Films. King Kong, Armageddon Gift Shop on ‘ — 102rd floor sells postcards and books Sood mérning and welcome to the Empire Stale Building. Before we begin our SOC, 1 ike to call you something about its history. Tho Empire State Buicing was buit from 1930 to 1931 and 2 SQS* $41 milion to build, it's 381 metres 2 2.4 Chand when it was completed it was the tallest Building inthe world Today is no longer the tallest bulding, but it's stil one of the most famous. Why is it so famous? Wel, since 1931 it has be=n, i many Holywood films. For example, in 193318" + “nthe fim King Kong. And recently it has featured in disaster movies such as Armageddon which 912 b_ Bruce Wilis. Unfortunately the Empire State Building was destroyed inthis fm! If you want,t0 know more about its history, there is a «GIT T shop on the 86" floor. You can buy books here as well as postcards and souvenirs Today we are going o beg wth a7 Be the 102 floor. f you look up, you can @ LOC where it is. It's right at the 9 POT" of the building. You'll get a great 19 oY of the city trom here, 50 don't forget your cameres! | hope you villa erioy your vt 1a tour b trip journey 2 a paid b spent © cost 32a high b higher height 4 a played b appeared performed 5 a’ starred b played © acted 6 a_ present (b gift ¢ tourist j 7 a trip b voyage ¢ tour 8 a watch b look c ’see 9 a top b point c end 10 a sight b look view Fife 2 emer Complete the quiz on Roman Britain. 1 The Romans invaded Britain in “1. 12 a A055 (b' 558c | 2 They didn’t invade » ja. the south of Britain ’ {b> the north of Britain ) the west of Britain 3 They built the wall across Britain in“ a ap122 b anl12 © ao22 4 The Roman Emperor who built the wall was called | a Adrian b Julius Caesar ¢ Hadrian 5 The wall was! long . | a 170km (b 117 km 177 km 6 Roman soldiers lived in |___ built next to the wall ja. towers forts ¢ villages | | (2.05 7 The Romans left Britain in —_ | a 40250 b A050 © 0600 |A. What do you know about New York? 1 New York was once called: a New London(]_ b New Amsterdam E) 2 What is the capital of the USA? 3° Wall Street is the capital of:> a fashion 1] 4 How many people live in New York today? bfinance[) ¢ furniture B_ What are your impressions of New York? 2 a Washington DCL] b NewYork] ¢San Francisco afivemillion(] b Seven million] cTen million] en er ee a & Skills 1. Reading for specific information A Read the article on page 43 and answer these questions. Ignore the gaps. What did Peter Minuit buy in 16262 What did Giovanni da Verrazano do in 1524? Why is New York called the Big Apple? Who came to New Yorkin the 18403? What percentage of New York’s population were born in the USA? Who were the city’s first inhabitants? How did the Iroquois hefp to build the city? . 6 Nouruna B Discuss your answers with a partner. . : 2 Missing sentences Each of sentences a-f fits into a gap in the article. Decide where each sentence fits best. Exam training Missing sentences First decide what the words in italic could refer to, Next, | try to find words in the missing sentences to connect them to the right gap. Example The words in italic in a refer to the immigrants who arrived in New York from other countries. This sentence therefore fits into gap 4. a The greatest numbers came in 1907, when 1,004,756 people poured into the country. b Among these present-day inhabitants are Italians, Russians, Irish, Greeks, Canadians and Puerto Ricans, More Greeks live in Astoria in the borough of Queens than in any other city outside Greece. After this victory, the Dutch held the colony until the English took it from them in 1664, d_ But by the 1740s. disease, the spread of European settlers and warfare had emptied the island of these regular visitors. , € Inthe 1920s. jazz musicians began to call the city by this colourful name because it was the biggest and the best thing New York State had to offer. f Nowadays, its 58 square kilometres ot real estate are worth over $945 thousand million. t Vocabulary .3 Nouns, verbs and adjectives These words are all used in the article and missing sentences. Decide from the context which are: ° 1 nouns 2 verbs 3 adjectives + bargain » claim + defeat - discover disease » escape » eye-catching » fail feature + gain heroic - impressive + reputation - original - skilled » starvation + surviving + victory Which words do you think have a negative meaning? Choose one of the nouns from the group in Ato complete each sentence. 1 The army wona great >“ inthe ~ battle. 2 People like to go shopping for in sales. 3. Malaria isa very serious 4 During the war, food was scarce and many people suffered from ~ S 5 America has a. for beinga land of opportunity, 6 One of the” ___- of New York is its skyscrapers. om 4 “ 4The Big Apple OME h The most famous bargain in American history was to eG Av the native North Americans’ sale of Manhattan Island in ?.)#! 1626 to Peter Minuit, of the Dutch West India Company, for _( a sack of beads, cloth and ironware then worth 60 guilders, & or about $24. The énfire island, which lies next to the most highly populated city in the United States, cost him just 41 cents per square kilometre, about $1.06 per square mile. An Italian explorer, Giovanni da Verrazano, first, discovered Manhattan in 1524. He was working for the king D_ Choose a verb from the group in A which of France. He raised the French flag, claimed the land for the means: . French, and founded a small village. One hundred years 1 find something new. q, D} later, the Dutch defeated their French rivals when they took 2 say you have a right to possess. . Manhattan in the early part of the next century. ?_C-_ ~ ~ 3 wina battle against. According to one story, it was as a result of the Dutch ; 4 get away from. S If presence that the city has become known as The Big Appl ' 5 winor benefit from. 4 Oy r > i The governor of the Dutch colony, Peter Stuyvesant, bega 6 notto succeed.” d “blanting apple orchards, and, in due course, the state of New York became famous for the quality of its produce. E Choose an adjective from the group in A ae which could describe: ; a work of art ora painting. 2: Oh aworker, Ska gor Even in the 17" century, when there were only a few hundred settlers in the city, 18 different languages were 1 2 V yee) 3a species of plant or animal. 5 2 spoken. ‘The first large group of immigrants after the Dutch 4. a huge or beautiful building. », {vs and English settlers were the Italians, who-began to arrive in 5 anact of bravery. ac the early 1800s. People from all over Europe followed. The _ ¢ 4 6 an attractive object. © ‘ od gad 4 _Itish came to the city in their hundreds to escape starvation Coy das when the Irish potato crop failed in the 1840s, * a 4. Confusing verbs Today, about one-fifth of New York’s seyen million residents were born outside the USA.‘ 0 About 14,000 Native Americans from all over the USA live in New Complete the missing parts of these verbs. Infinitive Past simple Past participle” York City, and the population is growing all the time. But 1 lie Wy fe where now are the people whose ancestors were the city’s 2 lay hea _ Tae first inhabitants? Two surviving groups of these early settlers 3 tise wok 50% do still have a connection with Manhattan, They are the 4 raise rs 15°C Delaware, who now live over 2000 km away in Oklahoma, 5 found 4p. rae Wisconsin and Ontario; and the Ramapough, a community 6 find FGA , 7 liying.qn the border of New York and New Jersey, direct descendants of Manhattan’s original inhabitants. ’ eeD ‘ When the Dutch first settled on the island, groups of Native Americans came every year to settle ts irk the Look at these statements about cities. Do south and north to hunt, fish and grow crops. ° Ui you agree with, disagree with, or have no However, other Native Americans and New York's most eye- opinion about them? In small groups, catching modern feature, the skyscraper, are closely linked. discuss the reasons for your opinions. As these giants began to rise over Manhattan, the heroic # Love big cities. There's always so much descendants of New York State’s Iroquois became famous. | todo there! They gained a reputation as being extremely skilled steel | 0 Thate big cities — all that pollution and workers in the construction industry. Without them, New noise. York’s most impressive skyscrapers would never have been built and New York would not have the city skyline it has | 6 don’t think big cites wll exist in the future. People will move back to the | countryside.Let’s focus on the future 1 The future in context Look at these statements about the future. Which do you think: 1. isthe most likely to happen? 2. will probably happen? 3 will probably not happen? 4. is highly unlikely to happen? 2 will Su A. Listen to how sentences 1-6 are used, then match them with the meanings of will in af. 1 I'll buy you anew PCfor Ghristmas. a determination 2. Iwill learn how to use this computer. b request <3. Will you lend me your new car? © unwillingness 4. I'll go fora swim d promise 5. Ill go to the shop for you € decision-making 6 Hewon't help atall in the kitchen! ~ offer L® Public transport is going to be totally powered by electricity. ca ments ee All our shopping will be done at the 5 _touch of a button, peed Surgery will all be - done using lasers. International « companies are cs going to introd| a four-day week. Patients will only be able to consult a doctor , ‘via the Internet. All major airlines are going , to install cabin ___video recorder: ea afl B_ With a partner make short dialogues about these situations, using will 1 promising to do something for each other asking each other a favour saying what you are determined to do offering to help each other telling your partner about something which doesn’t work properly 6 making a decision about something wawn 3 Present continuous and going to %q)1s Tip What are you doing on Saturday night, Slip? Slip Nothing special. Why? Do you want to invite ~ me to something interesting? no Tip What makes you think \ that? Slip Well, you used the } present continuous to find out if | had any definite arrangements for Saturday night, and, not ‘going to’. Tip Slip, 'm so impressed by uce- your knowledge of t English grammar, | think will invite you round for dinner! ‘A. Which of the questions 1-6 is asking about: a somebody's intention to do something? b arrangements that somebody has made? © a prediction based on what is happening now? » 1 Are you going to do a computer course at the college? 52 Doyou think it’s going to rain? 3 Are you taking your motorbike test next Friday? 4 Is your brother Frank going on holiday with you? 5 Are you going to wash your hair tonight? 6 Isthe exam going to be difficult? B_ In pairs, ask your partner similar questions using these prompts. 1. intention: go to England in the near future 2. prediction: Kot weather tomorrow 3 arrangements or plans: next week 4 plans: future career 2 3 .wy wv Un © Present simple tere is an advertisement for a school computer course. Some details are missing. With a partner ask each other questions about the missing details, decide what they are and fill them in, Example { Se 2 IN = How long isthe course? « r& SKY It’s a two-week course. ' UE] ate ey Segeleke UTD Practical sessions in the computer room. heer sec Lessons in Room . ‘ Extra tuition available in the _¥1) (small extra cost). _ Computer test: on April iS Maryland school April April Every day from ___ 4.30 Lunch 1- _ available in the canteen. It you complete the course successfully, you will be awarded a certificate. e Zero conditional We use the zero conditional to talk about things which are almost always true, especially scientific facts. We can also use it to give advice to people. 1. Find an example of the zero conditional in the advertisement. 2. Write the tenses which make the zero conditional. a 7 3. Givea friend some advice about buying a video recorder, computer or CD player. Use these ideas to help you. sound quality design the latest models - what the machine can do . Example If you don’t want to spend too much money, go to the shop First conditional . We use the first conditional to talk about things which may or may not happen in the future. 1 Find an example of the first conditional in the advertisement. 2 Write the tenses which make the first conditional. ye Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Use will or won't in part of the sentence. If you (finish) your homework, we (go) to the cinema. 2. We (go) out next week if you (be) too busy this week. 3. Ifyou (want) a new moped, you (have to) start saving money: 4 | (ring) for a taxi to take you home if you (feel il \ , AD, : LLbi 7 / Choose the correct statement in each * al ” sentence. 5 1. We often use will to make predictions [ z talk about definite arrangements for the + future. i 2 We use the present continuous to talk 2 about predictions / arrangements in the future, 3 We use going to to talk about certainty | intention in the future. 4 We use the present simple to talk about 4@ possibility / an event in the future. We use the zero conditional to talk “about something which is unlikely to + happen / things that are atmost always true. _ We use the first conditional to talk about something which is very unlikely to happen | might happen in the future. Let’s activate! 7 Plana course In groups, plan a new course at your school or college to help students cope with our changing world. Decide: ‘ « the content of the course. © the length of the course who is teaching or giving talks. © what to charge for the course, or should it w be free? what kind of test to have at the end of the course. y f how to advertise your course, for example, a leaflet. 8 Design a leaflet Design a leaflet containing all the infortnation for the course you have planned. Decide: what shape and size your leaflet will be. ‘© what you are going to put on the cover of the leaflet to attract attention. © where you will put all the information, €.g. are you going to put the cost of the course at the beginning / end? * how to make your leattet look attractive, eg. different fonts / colour. © where to display your leaflet, for example, in the classroom, the co?ridor, the notice board? €Vocabulary 1 Confusing words Complete these sentences with one of the verbs in the correct form. discover / invent Tok 1 Giovanni da Verrazano - “Manhattan in 1524 2 Who. the sky scraper? / raise 3. Ifyou know the answer to the question, your hand. 7 5 4 Inwinter, the sun —_ found / find - 5 Peter Minuit __~» __<_ New York in 1626. later in the morning. 6 Have you your keys yet? Why don't you check the front door? lie/lay . 7 Tina ~~ _ the table on Christmas day. She made it look very festive. : 8 Its very difficult to ____ toa friend. 9 Paul's going to be late for school. He's still hs in bed } Word building Complete these sentences with the noun form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Ahistoric (discover) was made in 1492. Christopher Columbus landed in America. 2. Many people travelled to America from Europe to avoid . (starve). — 3. Alcatraz prison had a terrible was the toughest prison in the USA. 4 In 1849 thousands of ___ (settle) went to.san Francisco in search of gold. 5 Today the ___-__ (populate) of New York is over seven million. 6 Inthe 1850s, New York became famous for its (produce) of apples. 7 Today New York has over seven million ___ (inhabit). Spelicheck Nouns which end in -o form their plural by adding either -s or -¢s. What is the plural of these nouns? 1 hero 3 piano 5 potato 2 video 4 tomato 6 radio. (repute). It Grammar : A Uses of will . i. A Complete dialogues 1-6 with af. aean ce anuewna © Will you help me with my maths homework? © What are you going to buy with your pocket money? Oh not I've lost my glasses v4 ©. Is Dave free for the basketball match? ‘ © Where are you going this weekend? : © Did you pass your driving test? * Idon’t know. Maybe I'll go to the beach If I've got time. © No, | didn't. But | will next time. 7 I'll buy you an Oasis CD. ‘il help you look for them. You can ask him, but I’m sure he won't come. + decision-making « determination + unwillingness « request offer 5 Present continuous, present simple, going to or will? Choose the correct alternative to complete the i conversations. - i ‘i 10 B_ Now match will in each dialogue with these meanings. promise o When are you going to visit / do you visit your ( American penfriend? - © | don’t know yet. Maybe /'ll visit / I'm visiting her this summer. ‘Some people believe that we will live / are going to live to 140 in the future. © Does Clare go / Is Clare going to Rachel's party? * No, she isn’t / doesn't. She wasn't invited. ( Which restaurant are you going to/ will you goto this evening? © We're going to / We'll go to Planet Hollywood. I've already booked a table. In 50 years’ time people will have / are having holidays in space. © Are they coming | Do they come to visit this weekend? ‘* No, they can’t. They have to stay at home. ‘Amy won £1,000 on the lottery last week. She told me she’s going to buy | she'll buy a motorbike. ‘Slow down! You're going to / You'll have an accident if you don't drive more carefully. © Isthat someone knocking at the door? Yes, itis. Shall | answer it? Don’t worry. Ill get / ’m going to get it. What time does the flight get | is the flight getting into London? © Atépm. So we will probably be / are probably home by 7.30:a zero conditional éad this advice about visiting New York. Match ideas 1-6 with the acuvities af. If you like fast food, ~ Ifyou enjoy rollerblading, ~ Ifyou like shopping, If you're interested in paintings, 5 Ifyou like baseball, ua .7 First conditional ‘Complete these sentences with the correct form of these verbs. + you want a great view of the city, a go to the Museum of Modern Art, b take a trip to the Yankee Stadium ¢ visit the World Trade Center. d_ goto 5th Avenue. e hire some in Central Park. ¥ buya hotdog. + stay buy « ge » watch + be » visit - win 1 fl to New York, | in a Manhattan hotel 21 ina Manhattan hotel, 1» the World Trade Center. 3 If the World Trade Center, | + a baseball cap. * 4 If 1 baseball cap, 1" to a baseball match. 5 If! ___ toa baseball match, | __1"" the New York Yankees. 6 If the New York Yankees “very happy. . 8 Now write four sentences about going to London. 8 The right verb Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. san Francisco: is one teresting history, century architecture an place to visit. Like every city, San Fra 1776 that a small Spanish fort! —— of California, However, it was thousands of settlers? ———— 50 what made people tr +1849, someone” steep streets, the fort. Within a year over $0,000 people‘ ——— Francisco was DOF. « For ayoung despate™ sent f aftet/within ? a fortnight/ i two weeks. “ , eee ca ee bee ee received your letter and the Talking A. What is this advertisement for? What can the object it is advertising Trajslator has stilz not ? got here/ do? Do you think it is a good idea? Why? : perived. 1 have nade % lots of/nune: phone ‘calls to your company headqua: and sent an email but so far Ihave ( THE LATEST IN LEARMUNG TECHNOLOGY: sreeived no 1! reply/word back. THE TALHING TRANSLATOR, © 38020005 Suasssae 12 most grateful/really happy if you could 13 chase up/look intw the 4 the. if matter for me. If you no longer hav Whatever your destination, you'll be oble to cope with this portable interpreter which can speak six languages. A technological marvel, it Talking Translator }9 in stock/arouns has numerous useful functions. Itwill give you place, please 2 give me back/refunc the confidence to travel the world knowing Lee ana. Tf you need to %7 speak to/contact | + urgentiy, 1 can be reached on 103 | that you con understand and be understood. ‘A must for anyone studying languages! 6723, or at my email address: To order complete the form balow, Allow 10 days fr dei 1 prown uke Tha * glready/in advance. fc . ‘ tom ~ your help. T forward to 19 hea: “from/havin chat with you soo! B_ Peter Brown has ordered a Talking Translator for his classroom, but it from/having achat yor has not arrived. Read the letter he has written, ignoring the choiceof_ =) yours £: words, and find out why he needs it urgently. 1 @ Z Peter Brown thfully/Yours sincerely,eu taaivsing the layout ‘Tree are fivé paragraphs in the letter. Weaech wnat the writer is doing (@-i) with werrzohs 15. “ing where to get in touch with him expects the manager to help bo) O, adnowledginga letter « LAU: - "Ea reason for the complaint he has nade ‘saving he is happy at the thought of the manager contacting him explaining the reason for writing suggesting an alternative arrangement explaining why he is angry referring to an agreed date Steps to better. wri 2 Language vf formal letters ing | | F Thank you ___ your letter. 2. Itis four weeks I placed my J ie 3. | would be’ ~_ grateful if you could phoneme. | 4 If you-no longer have the item in < _ please phone,. + 5. Ifyou need to _~___ us, . 6 Thank you _ advance Definite articles » rss, 177 Match the uses of the definite article a-c with examples 1-3. a a when an adjective is used before the noun to make the noun specific to refer toa noun which has been ” mentioned earlier with the names of rivers and oceans the Thames, the Atlantic the book | asked you to send mé the near future, the only man c <1 72 AB B_ Write the names of rivers, oceans or seas, which are in or near your country. 6 Error correction Correct the 20 mistakes in the extract from + a formal letter. They may be spelling mistakes, the wrong word, a missing word, the wrong part of speech, or mistakes in the layout of the letter. cUUAA Write the missing words in.the gaps in these Dear Grahan, whanks for your le you h er in spe 17 November. Grgilaed me that the book had ordezed yould be by returdef post Canately,” the book T recigved 18 not | eee Tee ou to send me. 1 have tried 1 © one vis secaeions to phone the company in your letter, on computers whic ed my none #iress ngering machine- ‘all I seem to obtain is an al ject on computers at Fy As I am leading a pro} nce T would be most, pigd if you gould I would be t Bae Tf bosk I need the cheque ne uzgently, WU CO) gee reat thing for me. qook up to the thing te out of stock, please give me 1 sent. If you need to contract Tecan be reached on email, Thank you in advance Af voce he pee fommara to heat’ From you in the ne look future. yours faithfully, Peter Brown Peter Brown Writing your letter 7 Understanding the task A’ Here is another advertisement. With a partner, discuss what it is for, how you use the object, and what you think of the idea. Revoltitionise your studying * Try the pen that can ‘read your mind’! * Studying will never be the same again! It’s magic! As if it obeyed your every thought, the Intelligent Pen automatically chooses the colour you want (black, blue or orange), or the pencil lead holder. Or so your envious classmates think! Its secret is a new and original mechahism that lets you change colours as you work. A rubber is hidden in the push button. With its superb design, you'll always find it a pleasure to use. Try it and see. You'll keep it for life! \ B_ Your class has ordered 30 inteltigent pens. Although the goods have arrived, there are only 15 pens. You decide to write a letter to Paul Clifford, the Managing Director of the Columbia < ° Holdings company. 8 Planning and writing Decide: * how to start and end your letter. © what to say in each paragraph. * what alternative arrangement you can suggest. . 9 Checking Check that you have: * used formal language. used definite articles correctly + explained clearly your reason for writingnanan. . ydesZojoyd e ur Ayyeay syoo] & i jpadxa nok joys wouf puaraffip Kjajajduso9 aq kow qyeay joainpide Aas “Stamsun ay ssan3 0) Kx Jou 0g 4034 NOx WaYyAR . sysan8 aniaray 0) Addey aq q i volwuloful ay) asiuS0Ia1 0) NOK djay Uv? Uaysl| NOK Aunuoddo mau e jnoge snseIsnyuaaq e& | alofeq spsom quoyodus ysour ayy Suiuipapuy) iayvads Auunuoddo ayy aworjam ¢ ypba 0} ua}sy] NOX afIyM suamsud ajqissod ay) [JO 10 Yoo] - aeoatie aia | 6) pau nok ys0) Suypiow 0 uy uoneuoyur SuyrreN yiBuains jeoishyd Jo wap weaBesey e Sujuony woxy . 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' xajduioo >. sneWeIpq _ payed e uy) Nok op.uoryewojur yo 08 YeYAL“9IqeD a4p Ye 00] g-1 sSuueaut yum way} yryew Uayy ‘ajgey|As passans 45114 “QWWURIZOAM OIped e Jo Wed Akay 01 BUIOB a1e NEA uew ayy aulapun pue Y-e saanpafpe ayy 0} Uayst] %@y wawaounouue opey 4 a 9 Fg” pjosieai cp :¢ 38235 éS4NO]O SUIAY Yim BUIYJAUR passed 49A9 NOA BACH J paapui Ayj|eay 1A S400] -q iy ssans piom pue saamalpy £ * SPAS Suyuaysiy Plo S1eAK Og :p 9BeIS “yueay, pue 20m ‘uoneonpa ‘jaded ‘agi Ajsuuey Inoqe yUIyL {SAN 4NO Ul saBeIS Asay Ye ]UDHaY!Ip afi] SI MOH way) ayeU j|/M SBuIpunosins JOYE ~-suonpafur uaa's aq las AaUL. i ‘*wrasal verbs - bring B_ Here are some pictures of what life in the future might be like. In “ns sentence is from the radio groups, decide what each picture shows. rosramme. - «-rroughs in brain research have -aht about a dramatic re-thinking of seucning practices. Does the verb to bring about mean to change. to result in or to have an effect on? se one of these verbs to complete each 6 sentence. _ pring back bring in - bring off » bring out pring round 1 We thought winning the competition would be impossible but we managed to eeeen ites These sentences help to. the difference in meaning between the phrasal verbs, 3. Ifyou have finished with the dictionary, could you please ___- it. ____ to school tomorrow? - twas so hot that one of the students fainted in the school playground but we managed to ____ him. The government has __,, anew schoot examination. ” . € What are the meanings of the phrasal verbs with bring in B? Match them with the meanings a-e. : a. introduce + = "b return something to someone ¢ make something clear * t d,, help back to consciousness Xe succeed against all expectations. 6 Discussion Now plana talk about your own lives in the future. “\S- ay 4 Number these phrases in order from 1, the 1 Choose two or three stages of your lives that you would like to talk : most likely, to 4, the least likely to happen about , in the future. 2 Decide which of the ideas in B will be reality for each of the stages. a 3. Add some ideas of your own. .D Write a paragraph about what your life will be like at each stage, and read out one of your paragraphs to the class. Talk about the future will probably be / have bound to be/ have... 4 & Soundbites 222 definitely won't be / have... 4 Imagine “a Listen to John Lennon’s song Imagine, then answer these questions. may not be / have 1. What kind of world does the singer ask us to imagine? TE 2 What does he say people will / won't do in this world? 3 This song was written some years ago. How similar do you think people's hopes and dreams are nowadays?Vocabulary 5 al Formal or informal? ' 1 Prepositions ; Choose the best word or phrase foreach Choose the correct prepositions inthis extract rom aleter. ae ld me | informed me about uli’s new boyfriend 2. You should give back / return the Notting Hill video you borrowed from Zena. 3. ‘Could you gétn touch with | contact the Managing Director? He called you this afternoon.” - 4. ‘Are you ready yet?’ ‘Hold on! / Would you mind waiting? \'m just getting my coat.’ 5 The headmaster will be visiting / dropping in on the class this morning. * ai cicasolees 6 ‘Have you contacted / called john about the football match yet" Thank you ' of / for your letter * of'/ in the 22nd November. I have now sent the book you originally ordered * by / through express post. If you do not receive it * before / within the next two days, please contact me directly ° in | on 0187 658 980. I apologise * for | about any inconvenience and hope that you will continue’ to / for shop with Compu-program * on | in the future. Replace the words in italic with a phrasal verb in the correct form. + bring round - bring out » bring off + bring in + bring back 7 Sucgot out of | avoided playing hockey 1. When Phil forgot to return his library book, he had to pay a fine. by saying she felt ill, 2 Organising the party was a difficult task, but we managed to do it. 8 Detective Stone is investigating / looking 3. Sarah fainted during the rock concert. It took us five minutes to help into the murder. her regain consciousness. . . ~@ Aeticl r 4 The teacher explained the meaning of the poem to the class. cee ; . 5 Health experts were specially employed to advise the government on A Complete gaps 1-14 with the, a /am,.or no «ity pollution. 5 article. . 3 Idioms i eae aaeeatae 5 Complete sentences 1—4 with the correct form of one of these idioms. | Christopher Columbus knew that ' _the Earth was round. He thought that 7_— easiest way to reach ? Indies was to sail west across 4 Atlantic Ocean: So in 1492 Columbus left > Spain with three small ships and 90 men. He sailed west» uunti) 12" October when he saw land. It was / to be still going strong - to welcome an opportunity « to be a picture of health » to pass with flying colours 1 Emma's parents were delighted with her exam results. She 2 Eva accepted a summer job in London. She towork abroad and improve her English. 3. It's five hours into the marathon, but the runners don't look tired. 6 SS gahama islands, but Columbus They thought he was near 7 Japan! ; * 4 Despite the fact that she was severely ill last year, Ann now looks | When Columbus retumed to ® - Spain, he was treated like ® hero. He was given many more ships and 19 =~ men for his next expedition. ‘ Columbus made his final voyage in 1502. While he was exploring " coastline of Central America, he thought he was near_ "2 India and the mouth of 3 River Ganges. When he died shortly after “ voyage, he still believed he had teached.the Orient. 4 al Uses of get 7 We often use get in informal sentences. Replace the words and phrases in sentences, 1-8 with one of these verbs in the correct form. + persuade = receive + begin » be + arrive « progress « become « return Mark got a letter from his Polish penfriend last week. Tina is going to get her parents to buy her a mobile phone, If you want to get healthy, you should join a gym. They didn't get back from the party until 2 a.m. If I'm going to finish this essay, | need to get down to work now. ‘can you phone me when you get home?” 7 Inorder to get ahead in her job, Susan had to work very long hours 8 Rachel and Tim will get married next July. wnens o- Complete gaps 1-10 with the definite or the indefinite article. n io , Iwasat? airport last weekend meeting é 90 friend from Paris. Suddenly I noticed * 1 it may look like any other book, but it will elderly woman standing next to me. * woman said be the last book you'll ever buy! | she was waiting for® next flight (0 arrive from — London. | told her that * only flight from London 2istcentury 7 i was at 6.30. She gave me” strange smile. | turned ras 7 7 to look at® : main departure board and was just * has 200 digital pages cu ceil ink that i changes at the touch of a buttor sec wioeracensetoatar nt ([semanehiniesttnsia zo —_ old, dir andba but there wasno si n of its - ¢ can download books from the Internet or from rainy manda : CD-Roms eons: : ‘ eBook ~ a whole library in your pocket! i : Send a cheque for £200 to: ) speaking eBooks, 50 Piccadilly Square, London SW3 T67 Talk about the future Discuss these predictions with a partner. Use the words and expressions in How do J...? (> page 51) to help you. BE Which prediction do you think: + is most likely to happen? + is least likely to happen? + will be the most useful for people if it comes true? Dear Sir, 4 Finally 1" gottin touch with your helpline, 1? chatted to a "technician for an hour, but he * couldn't do anything about By 2050: it. + everything we need will be delivered to our homes, + we will have virtual reality holidays. \ = computers will teach students at home. clothes will automatically clean themselves. people will be able to make designer children + agiani meteorite will crash into the earth. Clam writing to complain about a digital book | * sent off people will live on Mars. Chk : for in March. The book * got here two days ago, but + poverty and disease will reduce dramatically in the Unfortunately |” have had lots of problems with it. | Third World. d Please find enclosed therefore one digital book plus a b Firstly, your advertisement claimed that the book was the same size as an ordinary book. However, when | opened ‘the package | was ‘really amazed to see that is much bigger than the average book and quite heavy. , receipt for £200. | am * really unhappy with the book and : expect a full refund Writing : > © Despite * feeling upsei, | still tried to programime the book heron eles to see if it would work. | spent "ages trying to download A ee conan Guide o New York from the internet, but the electronic ink A. took at the advertisement for a new type of book and disappeared read the letter. Put paragraphs a-e in the correct order. ~ | look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours faithfully, Tina Grey B_ Replace the informal words and phrases in 1-10 with these words and phrases. + have-experienced many phoned » extremely surprised * ordered + my initial disappointment = a long time . \ + was unable to solvé the problem = talked - not satisfied > arrivedGrammar 1 Put the words in brackets into the correct form. There may be more than one possibility for each gap. I! is midday and Karl ¢ (feel) hungry. He stops working on his computer, picks up his mobile phone and calls the kitchen. “2 (have) a salad for lunch and a glass of orange juice’ he says. ‘One salad,’ the kitchen notes. ‘Anything else?’ “That's all for today - | need to lose some weight.’ Karl 3 {turn back) to his computer. An email message flashes up on screen. He opens it and a 3-D image of his boss appears. ‘Karl, I'd like to have a hologram meeting 4 (discuss) the ebook project,’ she says. ‘Is 19.00 today OK? This is not science fiction and it’s not a distant vision of the future. According to scientists, intelligent houses >“ (soon / be) a reality. Thanks to computers, people’s homes 6 (already / become) uch more than their castle. They are their workplace, supermarket, entertainment arcade and social life. Scientists 7a (currently / work on) intelligent kitchens 8 __ 4 (promote) this new home-based lifestyle. These new kitchens 9 (can) order your groceries, cook your food and tidy up. They even suggest menus for your dinner parties. Because of these and other labour-saving devices, we 10 (have) more free time — the new technology will save us about an hour a day. Many experts fear that we '_\_ (spend) this extra time in front of a computer or digital TV. This is bad news for our bodies. Scientists predict that if people !2 (not change) their attitude towards exercise, the average man will become nine kilos heavier at 89 kilos, while the average woman's weight 13° (rise) to 76 kilos. ‘In the last two centuries, the average height 14 (increase) by 46 centimetres,’ says Dr Jean Farrel. ‘We are now in the middle of another great change, but it’s outwards and not upwards. By the year 2003 people will be able to 15 (work), entertain themselves, cook and shop from the comfort of their homes. There will be no need to leave your armchair.’ 2. Write the sentences in brackets in the passive form. 1. Today everyone has an intelligent kitchen. (It / inven in 1999}. Me 2. There was a bush fire in Australia recently. (Many fan and houses / burn down), 3. The first TV image appeared in 1926. (It / broadcast] \ The British Broadcasting Corporation.) 4 Friends isa popular American soap opera, (it/ Watch by people / all round the world) 5. The art gallery was very modern. (It / built / last year 6 The weather wa very bad yesterday. (The pcnic/ cancel). 7 There had been a robbery. (The jewellery shop windl / break). : 4 8, Police caught the criminal. (He / arrest / al the scene the crime) , 3> Choose the correct alternative, past simple or | past continuous. a ee nox CCVocabulary 4. Rewrite these sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the word. < Example 1 ' More and more people are working at home thanks to new ~ in computer technology. In the last 50 years the world’s has increased dramatically. Today there are over 6 billion people on the planet. 3 The of penicillin in 1928 by Alexander Fleming had a big impact on modern medicine. Since its _____ in 1926, television has changed the waywelive: —~ 5. In 1926 there was one TV channel. Today we have a “wide —___ of channels to choose from 6 Peter left school and started work. It was a difficult ___ to make, but he needed the money. dy. 6 Choose the correct alternative for 1-6. Last summer | went to Chicago. The‘ trip /tour was very interesting and | 2 discovered / invented a lot about the city. For example, did you know that Chicago was > “Many workers will fose.their jobs if they go on strike. Fe result) 0s that Chicago's population 4 rose / raised 4 strike will result in many workers losing their jobs. dramatically and the city become important. Many 1. Peter couldn't find a solution to the problem. (deal) feces eeult end iQusands ov immigrants peter wasunable to. eee “travelled /voyaged west to make their fortune. These ~ 2. While Tina was in town, she unexpectedly met her best ea Setters /istors were attracted by jobs on the friend. (chance) railroad and in industry. You can still see the huge * When Tina was in town she met her best friend quite factories where they worked today. "3. The band’s first single was a huge success. (aff) e rn The band's first single really ot . Listening 4» 4 You'd feel better if you stopped smoking. (up) 7 ‘Listen to a talk about lifestyle in the future and complete Wyou GX 3 the notes, <5. The restaurant had to employ more staff for New Year's Inventions ‘iso Eve. (bring) {. if 1 robot The restaurant had to ——_______ — > 107F < eans your home automatically ae Cee eat pout c cu uunnuay oat, + knows the difference between untidiness and 2 touch) Ue” Karl 20 Tq 7 Computerized washing maching , 7 While she was out, Helen decided to pay her friend a + cleans clothes with? c— } wt Sh nach, wt visit. (drop) * compared to a conventional machine itworks# Qt 2 While she was out, Helen decided to Intelligent 5 _ soley a —o + can changes XW oF fables and chairs, 2 oO 8 The police are investigating the kidnapping. (into) — + isable to choose music, 7 52 -—_ and chahge the The police = Ch lighting “WOe map 4 5 Complete sentences 1-6 with these words in the corre . Virtual reality machine form. : + can be used at work. re ‘, populate vary.» invent » discover develop + decide + canbe used for playing ® compilter games Robot helpers + help with housework., + + help prevent? from entering your home. + recognise 1Fare and fortune Fame and the family ' Vocabulary 3. Words and phrases Explain these phrases in your own words. a talented youngster (lines 8-9} the total invasion of privacy (line 14) A the impact on family life (line 15) ; 2 3 family life 4 spare cash line 30) . 5 6 A Which three of these things are the most important to you? oe friendships a ‘pusher’ without being pushy (lines 34-35} on and off the field (line 70) holidays ee Gl 4 Adverbs and adjectives A Match the adverbs in list 1 with their synonyms in list 2 B Now compare your choices with a partner. 1, amicably unashamedly cheerfully swiftly unbelievably 1 2 ina friendly way happily quickly incredibly Skills without embarrassment 1 Reading for general meaning B_ Now use one of the adverbs from list 1 in these Skim read the article opposite and choose which summary sentences. _ sentence best expresses the main point of the text. 1 Some parents are ____ pleased with their children’s 1. The sacrifices the family must make for children to achievements achieve success. 2 Although they had quarrelled, they parted 2. The benefits the family receives if children achieve 3. James ____ announced that he was leaving home t success travel round the world 3. The importance of support from the family if children 4. The tennis champion’s performance was ____ goo are to achieve success yesterday, . ae . 5. Mark's football skills were so amazing that he ___,.~ 2 Scanning for specific information rose to the top of his profession | a Steven Spielberg _b Jana Novotna | © What are the adjective forms of the adverbs in B? [_¢ leonardo DiCaprio d Michael Owen e The writer i seers eee —________] 5 Verbs with different meanings 0 Scan the text and find out which of the people, a-e: Find the two different meanings of each of these verbs in 1__has parents who regret some of the effects fame 2. greatly appreciates a mother’s love. 3. has.a mother who feels children should be encouraged when they are young 4 feels hardly anybody realises how difficult itis to help people succeed. has won a lot of money had 1-10. suspected squeezed crawled - separated - recognised saw and knew moved on hands and knees accepted or admitted that stopped living together moved very slowly (of traffic) 7 omething is true” awn 6 feels you should not be put off by lack of success a 7 achieved success because their parents took part in 6 divided something Bi something 7. believed that something may happen or be true 8 “shelped vrofessionally even now by both parents. 8 pressed hard on something ¢ 2.83 sther children 9 had doubts about trusting somebody - or 10 went through a very small spaceDiCaprio Owen ash wept when he was voted BBC Sports Personality Of The Year. Dad, a former ily went without holidays and spare c for ten years so that they could pay for Jana’s A ed Be coaching and equipment. Jana’s mother is a professional footballer and now an insurance ch salesman, still has hopes that Michael mi school teacher and lives in Brno in the C: Republic, She is herself as a ‘pusher’ 70 do well both on and off the field. But the all are the public : have P League ° Without being pusby."When you have small worst parts of it ~ var son have Premier Teague children, you have to decide for them at an -humiliacions, when Michael gets sent off the i his toes? Could your daughter e early age what you want them to do. Later field, for example, and the lack of privacy, for 2 Broadway musical? When your : eat ak vey they can choose theit own direction. Jana is he's recognised wherever he goes. yes aoe ee Cheseon deere, one of the top-ranked women players in the 78 So, ifsomeone in your Family wants t cope, as Julia Gregson discovers. 7 pe, as fu e 49. world and has earned over $9 million in psize to the top, you should help them to any of us really understand the money. “Tennis has done so much for Jana, realistic about their chances, You should move time, attention, en “ en and earth to make sure they get the says, her mother. ‘J don't know where to hea ading it takes to turn a : aa begin: travel, the opportunity to speak other opportunities they deserve. However, if and ot into an international star? And how , es and meet other people. She’ so so when failure comes, you must i you, or should you, be prepared to i n to look on the fortunate to be able to do a sport she loves so_understanding and tell th 1 suspected a member of your family c cthey did? Could you cope with the nd bills, the total iiivasion of privacy much and be paid for it bright side. Ics a big, wide world and they can .d, even amazingly, unbelievably good, e and try again. Film star Leonardo DiCaprio ived with his always get out the mother, Irmelin, for many years in Los A father, comic-book artist George, when Leo es. Irmelin separated amicably from his = impact on family life? » 14-year-old Steven Spielberg cut his ” was a baby. She cheerfully put up with Leo's atic teeth on his first war movie. i poor record at school and wild teenage ways s Mum, according to Steven, who sl = Epa ged $4 and j = swiftly hecame a successfil teenage actor } sm before making hac, and Dad oe ee en in atiomhip with bork EET | aol a aifOree arents is so good it can’t be real. His mother & IM. pairs or small groups, discuss vsfom, and workod ove Feu sand hs dherieps gE AMES % Leonanio says. “She doesn't care about this | Would you want your nes snother of Jana ® SPO ting fine She js ares aout me parents to do for you? Tis mothe: of nd striker Michael Owen # 2. Without the help of their . fe children but they are g family, do you think young é x teanis , champion, sh their World Cup son, people can ever succeed? C4 recalls chat the Why? Why not? and so th. Parents ¢ fo e. Mum has kept a he was a small boy: she itoacesmeesmieniinthninas @Let’s focus on modals 2 What do you think of the new gadget in the picture? mee Completing sentences S@)2: Listen to a man talking about something he invented. As you listen, find out what he invented and complete tl he sentences. 7 Ee Today's unique invention could be tomorrow's reality if you follow these simple steps. ‘The man's invention was: = & An idea for a new product needs ? w@ You shouldn't even ® _ about it. ie If you don’t apply for a patent, your invention might be *____— 1 You should contact a ° ______.. @ person who has to translate your ideas into s You ought to do as much research as possible to make certain your design is @ You could ask to produce your product if you think they might be 9 init. How successful was his idea? Obligation and necessity Match the modals 1-6 with meanings a-e ‘i 2 3 * 6 You must do this | should do this. | ought to do this. I needn't do this. | shouldn't do this. You mustn’t do this. a b « ILis not necessary to do this. Itis essential to do this It would be a good idea to do this, This is prohibited Itwould be a bad idea to do this Remember to use to with ought! B_ You have invented a pen which is also a microphone. Think of some things you must(n't), should(n’t}, ought to or needn't do to 1 make sure your idea is unique. 2. protect your idea 3. get your pen made. 3. Possibility, permission and ability A. Which of the words in italic suggests a possibility? cability? b success at doing something? d permission? 1 They can / could do this. They may do this They were eventually able to unlock the door. They might do this. They couldn't swim until they were 16 years old wawn B_ Work with a partner to discuss 1-3. 1 Think of some things you could or couldn't do when you were younger. 2. Think of something you had problems doing but which + Jou were eventually able to do 3. Someone has copied something you have done (for example, a good idea for a piece of school wor what might you do? a 4 Logical conclusions 4q)2: Tip_Did we learn in Unit 1 that the opposite of ‘must be’ was ‘mus tbe? Slip | can't remember. But it isn’t in the example in How do /...? below. So it can't be. a Tip_| think you've just explained it! The negative of ‘must have been’ in How do ..?is ‘can't have been'! Make logical conclusions about the past It can’t have been raining. Your umbrella isn’t wet John must have been tired last night. He went to bed much earlier than usual.the pictures below and the words in How do | ...? to s¢ logical conclusions about the past. Ago CPE HAcS Example I'm sure I saw Charles at the party last night. + It can’t have been Charles, He is aay on holiday 1 © Someone sent Clare a huge bunch of lowers yesterday, eit Did you hear that crash from the garage earlier? ett — the cat. 3 | didn’t hear the telephone this morning, ' 7 Past modals: obligation and necessity Match a-e with meanings 1-5, a We didn’t have / hadn't got to do any homework We didn’t need to hand in our projects. ¢ We needn't have got up so early, d We oughtn't to have stayed up so late. We should have studied harder. 1 We did it but it wasn’t necessary. 2 Mtwasn’t necessary, so we didn’t do it 3 I wasn't obligatory, so we didn't do it 4. We did it but it was the wrong thing to do. 5 We didn’t do it but it was necessary. Missing words Exam training Missing words Look carefully at what comes before and after the missing word. This will help you to think of word which makes sense and fits grammatically into the sentence, \ i Read this paragraph about an unusual invention and complete gaps 1-10 atest cc b hd e The person 1 invented Robo-Rover must | > been a pet lover. You'll probably never t n ti ithough it need an invention like this, a! 9 just be better than the real thing if you live ina block of flats! Robo puppy looks and ae almost like a normal dos. Wann eT i wag its tail and js even able to chase @ eo ee good news is that t never Sits ni feeding the size of a chihuahua and costs §&25_— aaa as a holiday abroad According to its inve! tor He ought 7 __ be able to show six emotions. Its even designed to be moody, sometimes refusing to follow ing instructions, sometimes trying 3_"' cheer you up with a happy song. So, if you can’t think of a better way 9 wasting your money, order mycite very own robo pet today! e Which statements are true and which are false? Modals behave exactly like other verbs 2. The opposite of can't have been is must have been. 3 No modals are ever followed by the word fo. 4 Past modals can be formed by adding have + past participle. Let’s activate! Advice for a penfriend A penfriend is coming to work in your country. With a partner, decide what advice to give your penfriend. Use the modals you have studied in this section. Example where (not) to stay I think you ought to stay in a flat in town, You needn't try and find anywhere to stay before you arrive because you can come and stay with me for a few days first. where (not) to keep money and important documents what luggage, clothes, etc. (not) to bring what transport (not) to use to travel around travel and health insuranceLet’ 's practise™ Vocabulary 1 Adverbs Replace the words and phrases in italic with these adverbs. cheerfully amicably _ unashamedly - swiftly unbelievably 1 Although the policeman spoke to him ina friendly way, Paul still felt nervous. 2 Clare woke up and quickly got dressed. She was late tor school. ~3. Tina happily accepted Tom’s invitation to the Christmas party, 4 Although Andy didn’t revise for his exams, incredibly, he passed! 5 When he was caught stealing Tom was unrepentant. He openly said he would do it again. 2 Verbs with different meanings Complete the extract from a TV crime programme with these verbs suspected - squeezed crawled separated recognised When the local bank was robbed, police 1 the well-known criminal Paul Manson. In fact several witnesses 2 Manson as he was running away from the scene of the crime. Manson broke into the bank at around 11 p.m, He shut off the alarm system, then ~ 5. through a small back window and 4 _____ across the floor to the safe. After the robbery, detectives questioned Manson's wife Cheryl. Although Chery! and Manson 5 .___ two years ago, the palice were convinced that she knew where he was. That was eight months ago, and Manson is still free, If you have seen the man in this photo please call 8134 56798. 3 Spelicheck The letter i comes before e when the sound is /i:/, ¢.g achieve, belief Circle the correct spelling in these four pairs of words. 1 thief /theif 3 reciept / receipt 2 peice/piece 4 deceive / decieve Why are the words in 3 and 4 exceptions to the rule? 4 al Phrasal verbs with off Match the phrasal verbs in 1-10 with meanings a-j fi 2. John sent off tour job applications this week, 3. Tracy lost the tennis match. She was put off by the noisy spectators, 4 It’s raining. We'll have to put off the football match until Thursday. 5 The explorer set off down the river early in the morning. 6 The burglar set off the house alarm by mistake. 7 Paul broke off a piece of bread to eat with some cheese. 8 Tanya broke off her engagement to Rob. She wasn’t in love with him any more. 9 Ifyou don't keep milk in the fridge, it will go off. 10 After he forgot her birthday, Isabelle suddenly went off Dave. a_ begin to dislike e delay something b end a relationship f told to stop playing cause somethingto 8 _ post something start h be distracted by something d_ separate something —i-_ begin a journey fromsomethingelse | become bad Grammar 5 Obligation Complete the second sentence so that it means the same. as the first sentence. Use must, mustn't, should, shouldn't or needn't. Example It’s not necessary to practise everyday. - You _needn't_ practise everyday. 1 _ The football player was sent off for kicking the referee. It is not necessary to wear a school uniform here. You ____. wear a school uniform here. W'S a good idea to go to the beach today. We ____ go'to the beach today. It’s not advisable to miss your English lessons. You miss your English lessons, It’s not necessary to learn two languages at school. You learn two languages at schoo! It’s against the law to smoke on the Underground, You sinoke on the Underground, It’s necessary to revise for your exams. You ___— revise for your exams. It’s advisable to exercise at least three times a week You ___.. exercise at least thiree times a week. Telling the truth is the right thing to do. You tell the truth2 right modal “ose the correct modals to complete entences. ‘en Daniel was sixteen he could | may ea motorbike e they going to the concert? # They might / should go, I'm not sure. “ust / Can | turn off the CD player? It’s aifficult to concentrate + You must / needn't have a passport if you want to travel abroad. If he wants to be good at football, he ought to / might practise more. = When Clare was 11, she couldn't / shouldn't understand English, Now that she’s 16 she can | may speak it fluently. You should / needn't take warm clothes with you when you go skiing. Paula hadn't tof didn't have to buy a tennis racket. She already had one ast modats, plete these sentences using must have, ‘thave, didn't need to, needn't have, sught to have, shouldn't have, with the verb ‘n brackets. 1 We = (check the train times. We've missed it! 2 Peter's got a lovely suntan. He (be) on holiday. 3 You _____ (shout) at Luke, He’s very upset 4 Tina {pass} her exam. She didn’t do any revision. 3. Yesterday was a national holiday so we (go) to school 6 You (nelp) me to do this exercise, but I'm glad you did! 8 Missing words Choose the best answer, a, b or c, to complete the newspaper article. While his friends play the latest computer game, Richard Prescott is busy selling cars, Richard sold his first Porsche ear * he was 12 and his first million # the age of 16. We asked him what it’s like being ‘ rich, so young. ‘People often * me that, especially other teenagers, Richard cheerfully. ‘They think says my life ® be different from theirs, but the difference is that I buy and sell cars. However, not every teenager owns 8 Ferrari and wears designer clothes, Richard has ® to the top with help from his family 10 ___ the last three years he has been working for his father's used car business. It have been difficult at first. ‘It wasn't ess,’ his father. “But Richard is a talented boy and he coped customers very well. 'm very proud ' him. Richard’s job has also a big impact on his school work. He left school recently, and now has private teachers. ‘My teachers thought I 1s to stay at school and do my exams,’ explains Richard, ‘but school isn’t useful for me.’ However, he doesn't criticise school education. “If someone wants 16 bea doctor or a teacher take exams,’ he says. Sois® successful, paid job the * ____ important thing for Richard? No, not really,” he replies. “My father once said that everything he had was sale, except his family, and my family is really © important to me, too.” i they 7 1a when b during © as 2a had b won < made 3 a on b at cin ; 4a very b enough alot 5a ask b say ¢ tell ~ 6 could * b must c should 7 a only b one c single 8 a noartide b the ca sm 9a got b made reached 10 a Since b During © For 11 a should b must can 12a of b from with Ba by b of with 14 a done b had « carried 15 a should b ought could 16 a nopreposition b to ¢ for 17 a ought b should c may "18 a the b noarticle ca 19 a more b best ¢ most 20 a for b to from¥t could be you? ‘ A What message is this picture giving? 4 Queen Elizabeth | of England changed the value of the currency in il a 1560. b 1506. ©. 1516. ’ According to the speaker, Queen Elizabeth | probably introduced the very first public lottery in London to a entertain the public b_ make some money. © please her ministers, 6 Private lotteries were eventually made illegal in England because a_ they were more profitable than the National Lottery b they were run ina dishonest way. € they were too difficult to organise 7 Nowadays, lottery money is often used to a help good causes. b_ help set up businesses c_ help people find jobs B What is a lottery? How does it work? in small groups, imagine how your life 2 Completing sentences qx would change if you won a huge sum of A. Read these sentetices. Try to work out what part of speech you need, money on the lottery. Talk together about: e.g. a noun or verb, 1. what your life would be like. 1 Mathematicians thought the first modern National Lottery was 2 how your family might feel. — - 3. what you could do to protect your 2. People were told they were more likely to be tryingto privacy. buy a ticket than to win the Lottery. 4 what you couldn't do. 3 Picking of numbers gives you a good chance of winning 5. what the future might be like 4 Most people choose Lottery numbers such as their 5 if you don’t pick your lucky numbers, you have more chance of Listening skills B_ Nowlisten to Ben and Julia and complete the sentences in. < 1 Multiple choice questions %@ 2

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