NPQS

A3-30 Softscape

National Productivity and Quality Specifications (NPQS)

A3-30 Softscape

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CONTENTS Page

1. GENERAL 3
1.1 Scope 3
1.2 Related Sections 3
1.3 Standards 3
1.4 Trade Preambles 3

2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 5
2.1 Requirements for Contractors Proposal 5

3. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 6

3.1 Soil 6
3.2 Sand 9
3.3 Light Weight Aggregate 9
3.4 Water Retention Polymer 9
3.5 Slow Release Fertilizer 9
3.6 Soil Mixes 9
3.7 Trees and Plants 10
3.8 Turfs 15
3.9 Drainage 16
3.10 Supports 17
3.11 Water 18
3.12 Landscape Lighting 18
3.13 Masonry Planter Walls 18
3.14 Planter Waterproofing 18

4. WORKMANSHIP 19
4.1 Supply of Plants 19
4.2 Preparation Prior to Planting 19
4.3 Planting 21
4.4 Turfing 24
4.5 Maintenance 26
4.6 Chemicals 28

5. VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSIONS 29

5.1 Submissions 29
5.2 Samples and Mock-Ups 30
5.3 Inspections 31
5.4 Defective Work or Materials 32

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1. GENERAL
Read with the General Requirements section, and all other contract documents.

1.1 Scope
This specification covers soft landscaping works for building projects, involving the
planting and care for:
a. Mature trees.
b. Turfing.
c. Hedge material
d. Ground cover
It also covers associated works such as subsoil drainage etc.

1.2 Related Sections

Read this work section in conjunction with the relevant requirements of the other work
sections as follows:
A1-70 External Masonry
A2-30 Applied Finishes for Flat Roofs

1.3 Standards
Unless otherwise agreed by the SO, ensure all of the Works comply with the relevant
requirements of the Standards and Codes listed below or referenced in the body of
the Specification. Alternative Standards and Codes may be submitted to the SO,
provided it can be demonstrated that the alternative Standards and Codes comply
with the requirements of the standards specified. All Standards and Codes quoted
are the current version, unless specific year references are noted.
Singapore Standards
SS 31 Aggregates from natural sources for concrete
Other Standards
BS EN 10244-2 Steel and wire products-zinc alloy coating
BS 3998 Recommendations for tree work
BS 4031 Recommendations for transplanting semi-mature trees

1.4 Trade Preambles

1.4.1 Contractors Submissions

The design intent for the soft landscaping works for the project is shown in the
drawings. Base on the information available, engage qualified and experienced
personnel to submit the following items to the SO:

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1.4.1.1 Temporary supports and maintenance to all trees and plants until
established.
1.4.1.2 Select sources of supply for the plants and soil as required.

1.4.2 Co-ordination with Other Works

Take into account, that the works carried out are interfaced and co-ordinated with
other trades in the project, namely:
a. Lightning Protection
b. External Sanitary Services
c. External Sewer Services
d. External Electrical Services
e. External Drainage & Irrigation Services
f. External Lighting Services
g. External Fire Services
h. External Security System
The works shall also include the co-ordination of affected external building works,
mechanical & electrical external service installations interfacing with the soft
landscaping.

1.4.3 Spare Material

Deliver to site in strong protective packages marked for identification, and store
where directed, components and materials for future replacement and repair. Refer
to PSD for list.

1.4.4 Warranty
Refer to PSD for warranty requirements, if any.

1.4.5 Maintenance Manual

No item.

1.4.6 Protection and Maintenance

Protect and maintain in required conditions of all plants and accessories during
construction until hand over.

1.4.7 Quality Control Plan

No item.

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2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Requirements for Contractors Proposal

Account for the following requirements when carrying out the contractors proposals
in cl.1.4.1.

2.1.1 Wind Loads

There shall be no fracture nor any deterioration resulting from the Works being
subjected to maximum wind pressures at the work site recorded by the nearest
Singapore meteorological station over a 50 year return period.

2.1.2 Stability
The Works shall remain rigid and un-deteriorated when subjected to normal use.

2.1.3 Structural Movement and Movement Between Works by Others

Take into account, that the performance, appearance and proper functioning of the
Works are not affected by any movements, settlement or deflection in the building
structure, which can reasonably be expected to occur. Also take into account the
construction accuracy of works by others to which the softscape works are attached.

2.1.4 Environmental Conditions

Take into account, that the Works are able to resist exposure to weather and
moisture, and take all necessary precautions to protect the Works under such
conditions.

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3. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

3.1 Soil

3.1.1 Subsoil
Subsoil shall be:
a. A free draining soil, to be used as fill materials.
b. Generally taken from a level of 300 mm below the original surface, either
excavated from the site, or imported from accepted sources.
c. Free from all impurities including chemicals, oils, cement, unworkable clays and
stones exceeding 50 mm in diameter.

3.1.2 Top Soil Mixes

Top soil mix shall be as follows:
a. free draining organic soil from horizons less than 300 mm from the original
surface,
b. a workable crumbly and lump free loamy character
c. contain no grass or weed growth of any kind or other foreign material or stones
exceeding 3 mm in diameter.
Submit to the SO, I litre sample with back up soil test data before installation or
mixing.

3.1.3 Imported Topsoil

Topsoil shall be:
a. Free of any noxious or invasive weeds or grasses such as couch grass
b. Free of any contamination from chemicals or any foreign matter such as glass or
bricks etc.
Stockpiles of imported topsoil shall be:
a. No higher than 2.0 m high
b. Must not be compacted through any site activity,
c. Remain free of weeds
d. Free of contamination arising from deleterious material.
e. Protected as required, with suitable approved fencing to prevent any site
personnel or site vehicles from compacting or disturbing the soil.
Visual examination: the topsoil shall have a defined granular or blocky structure.

3.1.4 Topsoil Constituent Criteria

Topsoil shall comply with the criteria as indicated in the PSD.

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3.1.4.1 Texture of Fine Earth Fraction (Lower Strength)

Clay content (0m - 20m) <15%
Silt content (20m - 50m) <25%
Sand content (50m 2mm) <85%

3.1.4.2 Organic Matter

a. 4 - 20% (by weight) at 65F using Walkley Black RB427
b. No roots larger than 15 mm diameter or longer than 200 mm shall be allowed

3.1.4.3 Conductivity
a. Avery & Bascombe - 3.0 m/cm
b. Not more than 1500 micro Siemens using a 1:2.5 extract

3.1.4.4 Limit of Toxic Elements

Threshold Concentration (Lower Strength)
Arsenic < 40 mg/kg
Cadmium (total) < 15 mg/kg
Chromium < 1000 mg/kg
Lead (total) < 2000 mg/kg
Mercury (total) < 20 mg/kg
Solenium <6 mg/kg
Boron (water soluble) <3 mg/kg
Copper (total) < 130 mg/kg
Nickel (total) < 70 mg/kg
Zinc (total) < 300 mg/kg
Phenols <5 mg/kg
Total cyanide < 25 mg/kg
Complex cyanides < 250 mg/kg
Thiocyanate < 50 mg/kg
Sulphate (water soluble) < 1.2 g/litre
Sulphide < 250 mg/kg
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (EPA16) < 100 mg/kg
Sulphide (elemental) < 5000 mg/kg
All units are mg/kg unless otherwise
stated.

3.1.4.5 Acidity
pH: 5 7.5

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3.1.4.6 Nutrients (Lower Strength)

Nitrogen (total) > > 0.2%
Phosphorous (available) > > 26 mg/kg
Potassium (available) > > 240 mg/kg
Magnesium (available) > > 80 mg/kg

3.1.5 Existing Site Soil Types

If existing soils are available on site whether subsoil or topsoil, they should be tested
prior to use and the results made available for inspection and approval.

3.1.6 Soil Conditioner

Soil Conditioner shall be:
a. Organic compost or
b. Other fibrous approved organic matter suitable for mixing with topsoil to make a
friable growing medium for plants.
c. Resistant to rapid decay, free of soluble salts below 900 ppm, pH 6-7 and free of
large lumps or debris.
Submit 1 litre sample with back up test data before installation.

3.1.7 Organic Compost

Organic compost shall be:
a. Vegetable compost produced by a thorough horticultural or industrial composting
process.
b. Clean.
c. Free from decomposed smell.
d. Free from any rotting substances, debris, refuse, clay or visible fungus.
e. Free from vermin.
Submit samples and test data for approval before usage. All composts are to be
sterilised before being packed for transport. Odorous materials shall be rejected.

3.1.8 Mulch
Mulches shall be:
a. Approved friable-composted organic material such as Oil Palm husks, organic
composts or an approved mix.
b. Coco Peat will not be allowed on its own unless mixed into a proportion of 50-50
with another mulching material
c. Free from soluble salts or toxic materials
d. Resistant to rapid decay.
e. Have a pH of between 5.5-7.0
Submit samples and pH values for approval, before use.

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3.2 Sand
Sand shall be:
a. Clean, washed sharp sand free from any contamination
b. Conform to SS 31.
Submit sample for approval by the SO.

3.3 Light Weight Aggregate

Light weight aggregate shall be:
a. Approved low-density inert material such as expanded clay or volcanic scoria or
other porous aggregate capable of being compacted within the soil zone to 90%
compaction without being crushed.
b. Free from dust and debris,
c. pH 6 - 6.5
d. Free of soluble salts.
A 2-litre sample shall be submitted and tested, as part of the soil mix, for physical and
chemical performance.

3.4 Water Retention Polymer

Water retention polymer shall be:
a. A modified cross linked acrylic amide with co polymer bonding (polyacrylamide)
usually available in its dry state as white or colourless crystals or pellets,
b. Non toxic
c. Capable of absorbing up to 400 times its own weight in water
d. Slowly releasing water to planted materials upon demand.
e. Biodegradable producing only harmless and non-toxic substances
f. Have an operating lifetime of not less than 5 years after installation.
g. Used according to manufacturer instruction.
h. Usage of such water retention polymer shall not alter the characteristics of the
surrounding planting medium.

3.5 Slow Release Fertilizer

Refer to the PSD for proprietary product selected for the project.

3.6 Soil Mixes

Unless otherwise agreed, use the following soil mixes as appropriate for planting
subject to confirmation with the SO.
Soil Mix Use Composition
Type
A For use in tree pits, ground level shrubs Topsoil 50%

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and turf planting areas. This shall be Sand 20%

mechanically cultivated to the correct
proportions, prior to placement on site or Soil Conditioner 15%
backfilling. Organic Compost 15%
B For use in planter boxes, planter beds and Topsoil 40%
roof planter. This shall be prepared under
Sand 15%
controlled mixing conditions such as on a
concrete floor to ensure even mixing and Conditioner 15%
free from contamination.
Light Weight Aggregate 15%
Organic Compost 15%
Water retention polymer to
manufacturers recommendations.
C For use in planter on ground Topsoil 40%
Sand 30%
Charcoal 15%
Organic Compost 15%
D For use as potting material Topsoil 30%
Sand 30%
Charcoal 20%
Organic Compost 20%

3.7 Trees and Plants

3.7.1 Selection
Refer to the PSD for list of plants selected for the project.
Refer to drawings and schedules for location.

3.7.2 General Quality

Trees and plants supplied shall be:
a. Free from disease, infestation and infection.
b. First class representatives of their normal variety or species, having strong
growth. Drawn plants with soft growth requiring additional supports other than
specified are not acceptable.
c. Have average or normally well developed branch systems together with good,
fibrous root systems as expected of the species.
d. Free from disfiguring knots, abrasions of the bark or wind injury or other
disfigurements.
e. Bear evidence of proper pruning.
f. Trees shall have a straight, sturdy, clean stem, a well-balanced branching head
and an undamaged root system.
g. Conform to height and growth as specified in the plant schedule.

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3.7.3 Instant Trees (INS)

Instant trees shall be/have:
a. Semi-mature trees specially prepared in advance for transplanting.
b. Root pruning cleanly cut to diameter of root ball, executed at least 3 months in
advance of transplanting.
c. Minimum 450 mm in girth measured at 1 m from the ground.
d. Minimum clear stem of 1.8 m measured from ground.
e. Head of tree well balanced with a good body with minimum 4 main branches,
each branch at least 500~1000 mm in length giving an overall height of 3~4m.
f. Any saw cuts being clean and free from rips or splits and trimmed smooth after
cutting with a sharp knife.
g. Any wounds painted with approved insecticide/fungicide solution and reapplied
once per week until leaf growth has established.

3.7.4 Extra Heavy Standard Trees (EHS)

Extra heavy standard trees shall be/have:
a. Large size nursery grown trees pruned during growth in order to achieve a tight,
well-rounded head and a straight stem clear of leaves or twigs.
b. Possess 200~250 mm in girth measured 1m from ground.
c. Have a clear straight stem of minimum 1.8m.
d. Heads which are full bodied and well balanced with minimum 4 main branches
giving an overall height of 4~5m at time of planting.
e. Have a well-defined central leader.
f. Root ball dimensions: Diameter 750 (minimum depth 600 mm).
g. Branching / leaf spread to be 2.2 ~ 2.4m diameter.
Pruning at time of removal from nursery is not permitted. In dry conditions trees are to
be sprayed with an approved anti transpirant approved by the SO. For Columnar,
Fastigiate or Conifer tree varying from this description refer to the schedule of plants.

3.7.5 Heavy Standard Trees (STD)

Heavy standard trees shall be/have:
a. Medium size nursery grown trees pruned during growth to produce a tight, well
rounded head and a straight stem clear of leaves or twigs.
b. Have 100mm~150mm in girth as measured 1.0m from ground level.
c. Have a clear straight stem of minimum 1.8m.
d. Heads to be full bodied and well balanced with minimum 4 main branches giving
an overall height of 2.5m~3.5m at time of planting.
e. Have a well defined central leader.
Pruning at time of removal from nursery is not permitted. In dry conditions trees are to
be sprayed with an approved anti transpirant to be approved by the SO.

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Root ball dimension: diameter 350mmx300mm deep minimum.

Branching/leaf spread 1500mm ~ 1800mm diameter.

3.7.6 Feathered Whips (SFW)

Feathered whips shall be/have:
a. Medium sized nursery grown trees having a single straight stem and unbroken
leader giving an overall height of 1.5m ~ 2.5m.
b. Fully furnished with evenly spread and balanced lateral branches down to ground
level and shall be 620mm~1000mm in girth measured 1m from ground.
c. Have a strongly developed fibrous rot system.
d. Container grown.
e. Leaves or branches shall not be cut off before planting.
f. Root Ball dimension: diameter 350mmx300mm deep minimum.
g. Branching/leaf spread 500mm diameter.

3.7.7 Whips/Saplings (SAP)

Whips shall be/have:
a. Young trees grown from seeds or cuttings, which are trimmed or pruned,
furnished with branches down to ground level.
b. Trees shall that have a single straight stem and unbroken leader between 900
mm ~ 1500 mm overall height.
c. Trees with stem thickness, which varies with species but should possess a strong
stem which does not bend over.
d. Trees with a strongly developed fibrous root system.
e. Cultivated in container. Leaves shall not be cut before planting.
f. Root ball dimension: diameter 200 mm x 250-mm deep minimum.

3.7.8 Palms
3.7.8.1 Single Stem Palms
Single stem palms shall have a clear straight trunk.
Heights shall be as measured from root collar to based of lowest leaf sheath, and
shall be as specified in the plant schedule.
Acceptable tolerances to variations in stem height shall be plus or minus 200 mm.
Heads of palm shall be well balanced with minimum 7 leaves and a healthy growing
apical shoot, all free from pest and disease.
Root Ball dimension shall be in proportion to stem heights as follows:
Stem Height Root Ball Diameter Depth
1m 400mm 400mm

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2m 750mm 600mm
3m 900mm 600mm
4m 1200mm 750mm

3.7.8.2 Multi Stem Palms

Multi stem palms are palms, which naturally grow as a multi stemmed clump by
sending out suckers.
This category includes Chrysalidocarpus, Pinanga, Cyrtostachys and Ptychosperma
species.
Palms shall have a minimum of four stems each with a clear trunk height of 1.5m
from root collar to the base of the leaf sheath.
There shall be at least three leaves on each stem and evidence of one new growing
shoot per stem, all free from pest or disease attack.
Imported palms shall be acclimatised for at least six months before removal from the
nursery.
Root Ball dimension: Diameter 600mm x 300mm deep.
Smaller multi stemmed palms such as Rhapis and Licuala species shall be as above
but with stem height 900 mm from the base of the root collar to the base of leaf
sheath. These plants shall be grown in containers.

3.7.9 Timber Tree Supports

Timber for all tree supports shall be tanalised, peeled, round wood, de-barked and
seasoned to 25% or less moisture content prior to impregnation.
Each tree shall be supported by a half round timber cross brace fixed to 2 numbers
upright timber posts.
Posts shall be 80-100 mm diameter and 2.0m long half round timber. Cross braces
shall have the same diameter. At least 1.0m of the posts shall be driven below ground
level.
Rubber spacers and rubber straps or similar approved shall be used to attach each
tree to each cross brace. The spacers shall be used to cushion the tree stems from
chaffing on the cross braces.

3.7.10 Shrubs, Herbaceous Plants, Ground Covers etc.

3.7.10.1 Shrubs
Shrubs are woody perennials of generally multi stemmed and bushy habit ranging
from 3~4.5m down to 500 mm in height.
Shrubs shall have:
a. No less than three main stems.
b. A well-balanced and bushy with strongly developed fibrous root systems.
c. Pruning in advance as required to achieve the specified height tolerances.
d. Branches which break from the base of the plant just above root collar.
e. A well furnished body with leaves right down to ground level.

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f. Been grown in containers of suitable dimensions for the species.

g. Flowers at time of planting.

3.7.10.2 Herbaceous Plants

Herbaceous plants are non-woody perennials usually of a clump forming habit.
Plants shall have:
a. A well-developed main stem or stems with good symmetry.
b. A healthy root system and are free from pest or disease.
c. Clumps of herbaceous plants which may include rhizomes, corns, tubers or roots.
d. Soil undisturbed by lifting with evidence of growing shoots emerging above soil
level.
e. Been grown in containers unless specified as being produced by alternative
method.
f. Flowers at time of planting.

3.7.10.3 Groundcover plants

Groundcover plants are low growing 500 mm or less or prostrate shrubs or
herbaceous plants whose habit is to totally cover the soil.
All groundcover species shall be evenly balanced to allow equal growth in all
directions.
Plants shall have fully developed roots, leaves and flowers at time of planting.
Rooted cuttings are not allowed.
All plants are to be container grown.
3.7.10.4 Rooted shoots
Rooted shoots of certain spreading groundcover plants shall be used where
specified, planted as sprigs as opposed to established plants in soil.
Plants shall be rooted shoots and shall have at least one shoot of the minimum
dimensions stated in the Schedules and evidence of vigorous root growth.
Recent cuttings with underdeveloped roots are not allowed.
3.7.10.5 Climbers
Climbers are plants whose growth habit is to climb upwards by means of twining
stems, tendrils or clinging roots.
Plants shall be grown to reach the recommended size using stocks no less than one
year old, and no more than five years old at time of contract.
Plants shall have at least two leaders, shoots up to the recommended height, a
vigorous root system, and flowers at time of planting.
All plants are to be container grown.

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3.7.11 Hedging Plants

3.7.11.1 Tall Hedging Plants
Tall hedging plants shall be trees such as Casuarina, previously prepared to establish
a uniform height, and complete all around foliage cover to the stem from ground level
upwards.
Plants shall be of a minimum overall height of 1.8m with one vertical stem, leader
removed to promote side branching from ground level and a strongly developed
fibrous root system.
Root ball Dimension: Diameter 500mm x 300mm deep, minimum.
Tall Hedging plants shall be prepared by root and branch pruning at least 4 months
before transplanting and shall be shaped according to the drawings and the SOs
directions.
3.7.11.2 Low Hedging Plants
Low hedging plants shall be shrubs such as Ehretia, Acalypha Siamensis or Ixoras as
suited to regular clipping, previously prepared to establish a uniform height and
complete foliage cover to the stem from ground level upwards.
Plants shall be a minimum overall height of 500mm with a minimum of 4 branches
rising from ground level, with a strong, well-developed fibrous root system.
Branches shall be well-covered in leaves down to ground level. All plants shall be
container grown in suitable size containers.
Hedging plants shall be prepared by root and branching pruning so as to achieve
box shape, at least 3 months before transplanting.

3.7.12 Container Grown Plants

Container grown plants shall mean shrubs which have been grown in containers
sufficiently large to hold the developing root system from seed or cutting and shall be
filled with suitable nutrient rich, free draining compost.
Container grown stock shall be well watered prior to despatch from the nursery and
shall remain in the container until planted on site, whereupon the container shall be
carefully removed to avoid soil disturbance.
Empty containers are to be removed from site.

3.8 Turfs

3.8.1 Close Turf

Close turf shall be/have:
a. Stoloneferous Axonopus Compressus containing not more than 10% of other
perennial grass within a typical grass sod or mat of 300 mm square, with a well
developed root system growing to a minimum of 25mm soil bed, free from stones
or extraneous roots.
b. Cut mechanically or by hand to give an extra thickness and texture.
c. Free from weeds, fungus, pest, disease, contamination or pollutants.
d. Kept moist, under shade and in exceptionally dry weather to be kept well watered
at the nursery or turf farm in order to keep full green leaves structure.

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e. Planted within 24 hours after lifting.

f. Must not be dry, brown or wilting.
g. Not contain any weed.

3.8.2 Fine Turf

Fine turf shall be/have:
a. Fine baled rhizomatous grass such as Zoysia or Bermuda grass unless
otherwise indicated.
b. Be live grass sod or mat at least 300 mm square with a well developed root
system, growing in a minimum of 25 mm soil bed free from stones or extraneous
roots.
c. Cut mechanically or by hand to give an even thickness and texture.
Submit samples of 300mm x 300mm turf squares for approval.

3.9 Drainage

3.9.1 Subsoil Field Drains

Subsoil field drains and trenches drains shall include:
a) Drainpipes
b) Inspection pipes
c) Filter fabric or filter membrane
d) Stabilising aggregate substrate
e) Aggregate filler
f) Connections of under drainage system to storm drainage network, according to
the invert levels of the storm drainage system
All trenches and drainage shall be lined with filter membrane laid over the based of
the trench and up the sides with sufficient membrane to wrap over the top of the
gravel back filling with minimum overlap of 300 mm. Filter membrane shall be
undamaged and approved by the SO.
Base of trench to have a layer not less than 30mm and not more than 50 mm depth of
fine granite chippings 8mm ~ 12 MM diameter or coarse sand laid to accurate falls for
bedding the perforated pipes. Drainage pipes shall be approved prefabricated subsoil
drainage system with proprietary accessories.
Free ends of all pipes unless connected to a rodding eye shall be capped with a fitted
perforated end stopper and fixed in position.
Where subsoil drainage pipes pass under paths or structure the pipe shall be a non-
perforated pipe joined at either end to perforated pipes, and shall be surrounded with
concrete haunching. Submit thickness and nature of haunching to the SO.
PVC pipes with drilled holes are not permitted.
Trenches are to be backfilled with 100 mm up to the finished level with clean coarse
grained sand or crushed granite chippings 8~12mm diameter free of any fine
particles. The gravel shall be lightly compacted.

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Edge to drainage trench shall be lined with sacrificial timber segregating strip, 100
mm x 12 mm thick, level with established landscape platform for ease of grass
cutting.
Submit to the SO, preliminary survey of drainage pattern and invert levels prior to
commencement of work.

3.9.2 Pipes
For Precast concrete or cast iron pipes, refer to structural specifications.

3.9.3 Drainage Gravel

Gravel for drainage layers shall be 20 - 25 mm, mainly round, clean gravel, free from
fines. Granite chipping 8~12mm diameter.
Submit sample for approval by the SO.

3.9.4 Filter Material

Proprietary material. Refer to the PSD for selected product for the project.

3.9.5 Drainage Mats

Drainage mats shall be/have:
a. 400 x 600 x 30 mm thick refer to the PSD for proprietary product selected
Enclosed by approved filter material, laid over base of planter boxes.
c. Individual sections close butted.
d. Returned 300 mm up the edge of planters or planting beds.
e. Protected with approved liner to prevent damage from grass cutting operations.
f. Covered with filter fabric secured by filter fabric cement with 300 mm overlap.

3.9.6 Filter Fabric

Refer to the PSD for proprietary product selected.
Use in conjunction with manufacturers approved fastening method.

3.9.7 Filter Fabric Cement

Shall be an approved non-solvent bonding agent.

3.10 Supports

3.10.1 Staples
Staples for fixing wire to timber shall be 40 mm x 4 mm zinc coated to BS EN 10244-
2.

3.10.2 Underground Guys

Provide1 kit per tree unless otherwise agreed. Adhere to manufacturers instructions
and recommendations.

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Submit suitable system to meet performance requirements. Submit written details

(including samples for approval. Submit data justifying the proposals are adequate
for the required loading.
Guy wires shall be driven into the ground or fixed to timber deadmen.

3.10.3 Timber Deadmen

Timber deadmen shall be pre-treated 150 x 125 mm timber sections with minimum
length of 1.5m. Install 4 deadmen per tree consisting of 2 laid across width of trench
and 2 ran lengthwise along the trench over the drainage layer. Submit details for
deadmen installation for approval.

3.10.4 Timber Sleepers

Timber sleepers for deadmen shall be the following size:
1.50m length - 150mm x 125mm section.

3.11 Water
Water shall be free from impurities.

3.12 Landscape Lighting

Provide proprietary product as indicated in the drawings and schedules. For cabling
requirements refer to electrical specifications.

3.13 Masonry Planter Walls

For material requirement refer to section A1-70 External Masonry, clause 3.0.

3.14 Planter Waterproofing

For material requirement refer to section A2-30 Applied Finishes for Flat Roofs,
clause 3.4.

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4. WORKMANSHIP

4.1 Supply of Plants

Carry out the following:
a. Liase with the nursery to arrange and co-ordinate the deliveries of plants.
b. Inspect carefully all plants prior to delivery to the site and ensure himself of the
health and vigour of the specimens before accepting them.
c. Off-load all plants either to their final locations (after acceptance of delivery), or to
a temporary holding location. Any plants off-loaded to a temporary holding
location shall be heeled in by covering the rootball liberally with sharp sand.
d. Maintain all off-loaded plants in accordance with proper horticultural practice as
accepted by the SO.
e. Hold all delivered plants vertical.
f. Make provision for all measures required for the short-term storage of trees on
site prior to final placement.
g. Ensure that plants in transit are adequately protected against desiccation or
damage.
h. Be liable for the healthy establishment of all plants.

4.2 Preparation Prior to Planting

4.2.1 Excavation of Trenches and Beds

4.2.1.1 Tree Trenches
Excavate all tree trenches to 1150 mm deep and 1.80m wide along the tree lines
shown in the drawings. Break the base of excavations to allow free drainage, and
create falls to one side towards land drains. The depth of excavation allows for:
a. 150mm Drainage Layer
b. 550mm Subsoil
c. 450mm Topsoil

4.2.1.2 Hedge Planting

Excavate 600mm Overall depth and allow for:
a. 450mm Topsoil
b. 150mm Subsoil

4.2.1.3 Areas Adjacent to Planting Beds Areas

Excavate to a depth of 450mm and allow for 450mm Topsoil.
4.2.1.4 Seeded and Turf Areas
Excavate 300mm depth to allow for 300mm Topsoil.

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4.2.2 Pre-planting Coordination

Prior to planting, convene a meeting at the Site to:
a. Review preparation, procedures, scheduling required and co-ordination with
related Work. Review methods and procedures related to:

I. Condition of substrate, conditions of site, and other preparatory Works

performed by other building trades.
II. Required submittals
III. Programme of Work and verify availability of materials, personnel,
equipment and facilities needed to make progress and avoid delays.
IV. Required inspections and material usage accounting procedures.
b. Review forecasted weather conditions and procedures for coping with
unfavourable conditions including possibility of temporary protection.
c. Verify the pH level of existing site conditions for each type of plant and method to
alter the pH level of site conditions to suit plants. Submit proposal to SO.
Record discussions of conference, decisions, and agreements reached and furnish
copy of record to each party attending.

4.2.3 Drainage and Irrigation

Construct all drainage works including subsoil drains prior to planting. Refer to
structural specifications for workmanship requirements.
4.2.3.1 Inspection Pipes
Install Inspection pipes with caps at every tree along tree lines to connect with gravel
drainage layers.
4.2.3.2 Irrigation Points
Provide and install irrigation systems as required. Coordinate with MEP Contractors
for connection to the building system.

4.2.4 Laying Soil

4.2.4.1 Subsoil
Spread subsoil into trenches (avoiding compaction) to a level of 500mm below the
finished ground level allowing for settlement whilst allowing for the placement of
rootballs at correct levels over the installed deadmen.
4.2.4.2 Spreading of Topsoil
Provide depths of topsoil as follows:
a. Grass: a minimum of 300mm depth
b. Shrub: a minimum of 450mm depth
c. Tree Trenches: a minimum of 450mm depth
Do not compact topsoil.
Do not work under wet weather.
Do not saturate topsoil.

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Rework or remove and replace topsoil that is accidentally compacted as directed by

the SO.
Spread compost over topsoil surface, within the confines of the trench to a
consolidated depth of 75 mm, within the top 450 mm.

4.2.5 Deadman
Set out and install timber deadmen anchors as indicated in the drawings.

4.2.6 Weed Control Prior to Planting

Suppress all weed growth before any planting commences by the application of any
approved contact herbicide used in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations.
Maintain in a weed-free condition to top soiled areas at all times by approved
chemical means or by hand as required.

4.3 Planting

4.3.1 General
No planting allowed when the ground is waterlogged.
Protect roots of plants to prevent drying out while waiting planting.
Adopt proper horticultural practice.
Use only approved mechanical aids, otherwise execute planting by hand.

4.3.2 Setting-out
Peg out individual tree positions in accordance with agreed planting plan.
Figure dimensions in planting plan by the SO to take precedence, where dimensions
are not shown setting out to be guided by defined paths, paving or other works.
Scaled dimension may be used.
Minor refinement to the design with adjustments to lines, levels and grouping of
plants during planting process is required.
Planting shall not commence until sets out positions have been approved. Any
planting where positions were not approved prior to planting may require adjustment.
Trees shown at regular spacing shall be accurately and evenly spaced in true lines
and true to level.
Where planting is likely to take place prior to hard landscape construction works,
setting out dimensions will be critical and must be done in strict agreement with other
trades.
Plants shall be spaced evenly so that when established they will completely fill the
areas indicated.
Extent of the area to be filled by each species shall first be defined by plants spaced
around the perimeter.

4.3.3 Care of Plants

Pruned out any damage, which occurs.

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Heeled in plants delivered to site in containers in specially prepared trench if not used
within 3 days of delivery. Trench to be covered with clean sand and plants to be well
watered thoroughly and regularly until required.
Containerised and pot grown plants which are not planted on arrival on site shall be
watered frequently to prevent drying out.
Replaced all plants, which have dry out to the extent that their health or visual
appearance is affected.
Water all containerised plants before planting, unless directed otherwise.
Allow for protection of top soiled areas, stacking of materials, tracking and trampling
over top soiled areas are not allowed.
Replaced any topsoil that becomes unsuitable due to contamination, loss of structure,
or for any other reason during site operations.
Plant only when the soil is reasonably dry to prevent damage to the soil structure.

4.3.4 Planting Root-balled Plants (Trees)

Plant trees delivered from nursery to same soil mark on stem with soil distributed
evenly around root system.
All works to comply with BS 4031 or Singapore equivalent.
Semi-mature trees are to be lifted by the root ball only. No lifting stress on the main
trunk allowed.
Use mechanical lift for unloading from the lorry and placing in the prepared trench. All
terrain cranes are preferred. Lifting gear shall have the ability to span at least two
complete avenues working left to right.
Plan access routes for planting between the clear avenues bisecting tree planting
beds to minimise disturbance and compaction of soil. Such disturbance/compaction
shall be addressed after completion of all tree planting and before ground cover
planting or grass seeding commences.
Provide for means of inspection by way of a pipe set vertically through the overall
depth of the pit.
Do not glaze or compact surfaces during excavation. If any glazing or compaction
occurs it shall be thoroughly roughened and worked to ensure unrestricted movement
of water.
Orient trees to present the best face to an edge of road or building.
Prior to planting the root ball shall be measured and make necessary adjustments to
the trench.
Set tree in the trench so that the top of the root ball is 100 mm proud of surrounding
ground levels to allow for settlement. Cover and dress exposed root ball with soil
mixed with 3 parts sand to 1 part topsoil as 80mm blinding.
Plant trees to give a vertical trunk and leader.
Examine outer surface of the root ball to detect for damage, by rolling back or cutting
the root ball cover. Any hard surfacing or glazing shall be carefully slit or scarified.
Spread fertiliser on the finished surface in accordance with manufacturers
recommendations.

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Provide a single Wavin watering pipe 80 mm diameter, or as approved, or as

indicated on the detailed drawing. Fit watering pipes with fitted plastic caps.
Anchor trees securely such that root balls do not pivot in the soil under windy
conditions.
Protect root balls using three-way treated softwood root ball covers where anchors
are used.
Prune any broken branches after completion of planting.
Pared back damaged areas of bark neatly to sound tissue and all cuts and wounds
over 25 mm in diameter should be treated with a fungicidal sealant to BS 3998, or
Singapore equivalent.
Irrigate trees by hand immediately after planting until such time as the irrigation
system or maintenance program is functioning.
Soil moisture cells to be installed to tree pits as directed by the SO.
Protect trees with PVC collar protector and/or fencing immediately on completion of
planting.

4.3.5 Tree in Car Park Dividers

Evacuated trenches to 1150mm depth allowing for 150mm gravel drainage layer,
500mm subsoil and 450mm topsoil. Trenches width shall be 1500mm.
Install perforated land drains wrapped in filter membrane laid in the drainage layer
and ensure connection to carrier drains within tree planting trenches.
Install an aeration/watering pipe with a cap at ground level for each tree.
Install 100 mm diameter inspection pipe to the drainage layer for each tree.
Install a soil moisture cell to every tenth tree.

4.3.6 Planting Shrubs/Ground Cover Plants

Plant shrubs and / or ground cover at the same depth as previously grown, care
being taken to avoid damage to the root system and stems.
Position plants such that their best side shown to the front.
Bare and carefully spread out roots and packed around with the fine soil.
As the rest of the soil is returned it shall be well consolidated and firmed round the
roots to eliminate all air pockets.
Remove sufficient soil from the soil bed to enable the roots to be fully spread.

4.3.7 Pruning
Allow for canopy reduction and pruning of trees and shrubs after planting.

4.3.8 Fertiliser
Spread fertiliser on the finished surface of each shrub planting station in accordance
with the manufacturers recommendations.

4.3.9 Mulching
Apply mulches in a 50 mm layer over the entire surface of shrub and ground cover
beds.

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Mulching to be reapplied to all plating areas every 3 months after initial installation
until the end of the Maintenance Period or until complete surface cover by vegetation
is achieved.
Initial mulching is to take place within 2 days of installation of planting.

4.3.10 Post Planting Weed Control

Maintain all planted areas in a weed-free condition at all times without injury to plants.
Use only qualified and experienced staff when employing herbicides and shall ensure
that herbicide applications are carried out in accordance with current safety
regulations and manufacturers instructions.
Advise the SO of the which herbicides used and what specific conditions must be
maintained for their effective use and formally inform the SO of safety measures to be
adopted for the use of herbicides.

4.3.11 Watering
Maintain a watering program for all plant material, especially those in containers to
keep plants in a healthy state for successful establishment.
Lack of availability of water will not release the Contractor from his obligations to
replace all dead or dying plants at the end of the first season of growth after planting
or any plants which have suffered visually.

4.3.12 Timber Tree Supports

Install timber tree supports in accordance with practices adopted by National Parks
Board unless agreed by the SO. These shall be aligned parallel to either adjacent
kerbs or hedges.

4.4 Turfing

4.4.1 Cultivation
Ripped grass beds at 300mm centres to 200mm depth and rotated to a depth of
100mm incorporating pre-seeding fertiliser, thereafter raked or harrowed to produce a
fine seed bed tilth approximately 25mm deep and lightly consolidated with an
approved roller.
Remove stones over 50mm in diameter to tip.
Shape and grade subsoil to finished formation levels. Remove surplus subsoil.
Remove subsoil considered unsuitable in any way for use in making up formation
levels to grass areas.
Spread topsoil to a minimum depth of 300mm over finished subsoil formation levels
or drainage levels. Topsoil shall be rotated to a depth of 250mm incorporating
fertiliser or other soil improvement measures to be agreed with the SO.
Raked out or harrowed to produce a fine bed of approximately 25mm deep and lightly
consolidated with an approved roller. Stones over 50mm shall be removed to tip.
Finely grade grass beds during cultivation to remove all minor hollows or ridges, such
operations being carried out when the soil is dry and friable. Final finished surface
shall have a smooth and even fall or gently rolling curves between the finished level
and the boundary of the areas.

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Arrange levels to give gentle falls for drainage and any ponding developing after
completion of cultivation shall be made good.
Use wooden planks or plywood boards for access during turfing operations to prevent
compaction of soil. Incidental compression of completed graded topsoil shall be
racked over before laying of sods. Re-cultivate all compacted areas.
Water and complete within same working day all areas of completed turf.

4.4.2 Close Turf Operations

Lay close turf sods onto prepared ground with leaf turf upwards, close butt jointed to
achieve uniform cover.
Top dressed turf area with fine sifted topsoil mix to give even smooth surface.
Lightly compact by treading or with wooden beater to ensure even coverage
Water turf area immediately after planting using a find spray to avoid disturbance on
soil.

4.4.3 Grass Establishment Cut and First Cut

When grass reaches 50mm height, turf areas are to be cut to an average 30mm
height and lightly rolled. This shall be repeated for a second cut. Cuttings are to be
removed from site.
Grass shall be established and maintained and presented as:
a. Uniform dense sward between 25-30mm high.
b. Healthy and attractive green condition, free from brown/discoloured edges and
patches,
c. Free from excessive thatch
d. Free from evidence of disease, fungus, moss, or other weeds.
The surface shall be even and free from irregularities, stones and other objects
greater than 20mm diameter and free from bare patches.
All interfaces with paved surfaces/structures shall be edged to maintain a crisp and
even junction.
The number of grass cuts shall be sufficient to maintain the sward at the required
level.
Final cut prior to completion to be conducted in presence of building landscape
maintenance team.

4.4.4 Rolling
When the grass has grown 50mm high the areas are to be lightly rolled in two
directions with a roller not exceeding 0.25 tonne. All bare patches to be re-turfed.

4.4.5 Grass Cutting

4.4.5.1 Generally
Grass cutting shall be carried out with tools or machines properly sharpened and set.
Remove clippings from site.

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4.4.5.2 First Cut

Prior to cutting, all stones exceeding 50mm diameter in any direction shall be
removed from the surface. When the grass is approximately 100mm high it shall be
topped without tearing using a rotary mower to leave 25-50mm growth.
4.4.5.3 Second Cut
When the grass reaches 75mm high the second cut shall be carried out with a rotary
mower reducing the grass without tearing to 25 mm high and all grass clippings shall
be spread evenly to prevent damage to grass beneath.
4.4.5.4 Additional Cuts
During the growing season the grass shall not exceed 50mm high. The margins of
seeded areas shall be trimmed with edging shears at the time of every second
mowing. Grass shall be normally maintained at 25mm height.
4.4.5.5 Completion
Prior to the issue of the Completion certificate the grass shall have been cut at least
twice as above.
Grass areas will only be accepted when germination has proved satisfactory and all
weeds have been removed.
4.4.5.6 Edges
Where grass abuts planting areas, kerbs etc., these shall be defined to straight lines
or neat curves as shown on the contract drawings.

4.5 Maintenance

4.5.1 General Requirement

Maintenance for soft landscape include:
a. Watering
b. Weeding
c. Mulching
d. Pruning
e. Disease and insect control
f. Dust cleaning from leaves
g. Adjustment of guy wires/tree ties
h. Grass cutting to ensure successful establishment
i. Litter clearance up to completion
j. Visits to site as necessary, to verify well being of all planting and activate any
measures to protect health of plants and equipment to standards required.
k. Undertake after care works only during suitable weather conditions
During the execution of aftercare works, make good any damage caused including
replacement if necessary.

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4.5.2 Adjustment to Semi-Mature Tree Guys

Re-tensioned tree anchors periodically to maintain taut, prevent excessive wind rock
and to compensate for settlement.
Protective coverings shall be regularly checked and made good where necessary.
Tree ties, cross braces and posts shall be maintained secure and tight at all times,
periodically checked and adjusted as necessary to prevent rubbing, or tightened to
prevent rocking.

4.5.3 Re-firming
All plant material shall be re-firmed periodically.
Ensure that all plants remain firm in the ground, and any plants loosened due to
strong winds or surface water movement shall be re-firmed as required.

4.5.4 Pruning
Remove dead twigs or water shoots occurring on the clear stems of trees.
Cut back any species requiring pruning to encourage bushiness.
Allow for topping/crowning reduction to all trees.
Employ skilled operatives for pruning without any brushing or tearing of the bark.

4.5.5 Site Cleanliness

Maintain the site free from all spillages of fuel, building debris, clippings and
excessive leaf litter and all litter and objects greater than 50 m which are not germane
to the site.

4.5.6 Weed Control

Keep planted beds free from weed either by hand, mechanical or approved chemical
means.
All relevant Statutory Laws and the manufacturers instructions concerning the
handling, use and storage of the chemicals must be followed.
Dispose of containers and other contaminated equipment in an approved manner.

4.5.7 Maintenance of Grass Areas

Give a minimum of 48 hours notice to building owner and user of intention to maintain
grass areas before commencement of maintenance operations.
Carry out the following maintenance elements:
a. Irrigation
b. Spiking
c. Feeding
d. Weed control

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4.6 Chemicals
Employ only qualified and experienced staff when using herbicides and fungicides
and shall ensure that applications are carried out in accordance with current safety
regulations and manufacturers instructions.
Inform building owner and user at all times of which chemical is used the specific
conditions to maintained effectiveness and safety.

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5. VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSIONS

5.1 Submissions

5.1.1 Submissions
Include in construction program, event for submission of the following information:
a. Company profile and track record
b. Name and contact number of intended supervisor
c. CV of intended supervisor
d. Name of the tree and plant supplier
e. Name of the grass supplier
f. Name of the topsoil supplier
g. Method statement, showing installation quality assurance
h. Maintenance approach to be adopted after completion
i. Name of sub-contractor(s), if any
j. Method of supports for intended planting materials, both horizontal and vertical
methods of supports.
k. Brief program showing times for procurement and installation.
l. Information of landscaping contracts current or completed during the previous 5
years and details of Quality Control Procedures adopted.
m. Confirmation of acceptance and allowance or all requirements in the specification
n. Sample of deed of warranty
o. Samples and mock-ups

5.1.2 Post Tender Submissions

5.1.2.1 Soil
Submit for approval the following:
a. Written analysis of topsoil before importing soil to site.
b. A report on the suitability of the topsoil for the intended softscape works.
c. Recommendations to improve quality and soil handling recommendations.

5.1.2.2 Contractors Documents

Submit for approval the following documents:
a. Shop drawings of landscaping incorporating the ground and planting sections and
support requirements.
b. Equipment to be used
c. Setting out plans.

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d. Detail program showing detail times for procurement and installation.

5.1.2.3 Sources Name

a. Tree supplier
b. Other plant material supplier if different from tree supplier
c. Source of topsoil to be imported for use
d. Source for fertiliser
e. Source of water to be used
f. Source for pesticide and herbicide to be used

5.1.2.4 Shop Drawings

5.1.2.5 Samples
5.1.2.6 Materials Certificates
5.1.2.7 Executed Warranty Deeds

5.1.3 Maintenance
Submit for approval:
a. A written programme of Aftercare Continuing Works prior to completion and
throughout the 24-month maintenance period.
b. Date for submission of monthly activity report indicating record of maintenance
carried out during contract period.
Maintain a record of all visits with reference to those maintenance tasks carried out
and submit this record as required.

5.1.4 Maintenance Manual

No item.

5.1.5 Warranty
Submit the warranty to the SO upon completion of the works, if required under clause
1.4.4.

5.1.6 Quality Control Plan Submission

No item.

5.2 Samples and Mock-Ups

5.2.1 General
Agree source of planted material with S.O. at tender stage, and arrange visit to the
nursery to agree quality of planted material.
In the case of grass and turfing a one meter square of sample grass or turf to be
submitted with documentation certifying origin of sample and sufficiency of quantity
for intended work.

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Tag and mark plant selected for project at nursery and agreement to schedule and
method of deliveries.

5.2.2 Soil Samples

Soil samples shall be identified with the SOs approval. Each soil mix shall be tested
at an approved soil-testing laboratory. Soil analysis shall include the following
information:
a. pH
b. nutrient values (N,P,K)
c. soluble salt content (Electrical Conductivity)
d. physical structure (sand, slit, clay and organic content as a %)
e. toxic substances (heavy metals)
f. recommendation for amelioration
g. bulk density.
Submit test result in advance of intended date of installation. Proposals of
ameliorating measures to be submitted with test results.
If multiple sources of soil mix are to be used, a one-litre sample from each source
shall be submitted together with test results and amelioration measures. Additional
test sample may be required if there is deviation from samples is detected in the
course of delivery.

5.3 Inspections

5.3.1 Grass
Inspection with the SO shall be conducted after 28 days or as agreed within
contractors program, after laying of turf looking for evidence of green healthy growth
and to the satisfaction of the SO.
The following shall be evident:
a) Even cover of at least 90% of turf area with leaves and spreading shoots of
Axonopus Compressus.
b) Free of perennial weeds or disease
c) Healthy, vigorous and showing a strong developed root system.
Any settlement due to lack of compaction to be corrected by application of top
dressing with finely sifted soil to a maximum depth of 25 mm. For depression greater
than 25 mm the affected area shall be lifted and the depression filled with sifted
topsoil and lightly compacted and the affected area re-turf to desired grade.

5.3.2 Defects Liability Period

At the end of Maintenance Period and Defects Liability Period, conduct a joint
inspection of the works with the SO.

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5.4 Defective Work or Materials

Record all defective works with the SO.
Submit program for replacement works to the SO as soon as defective works are
identified.
Planting rates deem to include cost for replacement.

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