Jose Cardona

Nervous System Lab Report

Introduction
The lab report is about how the nervous system functions. The nervous system are
nerves that help communicate with the body parts in order for them to work for example like the
brain if you want a apple it thinks before you get it so you know how to get it. Table 1 is
Neurotoxins that will do different movements and react differently in the receptors. The
cerebrum snaps when being hit it's like for example when you hit the nerve leg it moves like its
saying ow. These are all the brain parts the Cerebellum-Coordination, posture and balance,
Cerebrum- Thought & action, Corpus Callosum- Integrates motor, sensory, and cognitive
performances, Fourth Ventricle-Prevent the brain from trauma, Gyri and the Sulci- Help divide
the brain into the 4 lobes, Hypothalamic- Temperature regulation, thirst and hunger, Lateral
Ventricle- Provides cushioning for the brain, Medulla Oblongata- Regulates breathing, digestion,
sneezing, and swallowing, Pineal Gland- Produces melatonin, Pons- Facial expressions, facial
sensation, and pressure and Thalamus- Regulates the bodys voluntary motor control are
different parts of the processes that react to what is is being told by the nerves (Figures 1). The
brain sheep cranial nerves are Accessory Nerves that provides motor function to the
sternocleidomastoid muscles, Acoustic Nerve does Hearing, balance and head position, Facial
Nerve has Taste sensations, Glossopharyngeal Nerve receives general somatic sensory fibers,
Hypoglossal Nerve- Provides motor control muscles of the tongue, Oculomotor Nerve-
Responsible for eyelid and eye movement, Olfactory Bulb- Senses, smell and odor, Olfactory
Tract- Visual awareness, Optic Nerve- Neural impulses from the eye to the brain, Trigeminal
Nerve- Sensory and motor nerve, Trochlear Nerve- Motor nerve and Vagus Nerve- Sensory and
motor nerve(Figure 2).(Table 2) Cranial Nerve Assessment shows the results on how much
movement of the body reacted on each individual part by representing plus signs (+) on how
greater or less was the movement and what affected it from moving more. (Figure 3) Mink spinal
cord is about the same like (Figure 2)Brain sheep cranial nerves except the nerves aren't on the
brain their by the abdominal underneath the arms, legs, fat and ribs those nerves like siatic on
the leg is the major nerve and next to it is tibial and than common peroneal more of the other
nerves on the legs, abdominal ribs are located here (Figures 3).(Figure 4) Shows the Mink
Spinal Nerve split and where you can see the spinal cord and vertebra. Spinal nerves carry
motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and brain. Reflex assessment
results was when we performed a lab where the test subjects A and B were partners and we
performed various tests to check the reflexes in one another. By hitting the different reflexes on
one another we were able the see the resemblance on how fast each one of them reacts
because the nervous system sends a message to the brain telling it to react (Table 4). Figure 5-
Sheep eye photo has light pass through the layers of the eye giving the ability to process what
to see and it makes many of the several nerves communicate to the cerebrum The optic nerve
is one of the major nerves in the eye, it sends information it receives from the retina to the brain.
 Toxin Description Origin

Mutant Gene Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel DNA

In Nociceptive Neurons;
Produces Nonfunctional
Channels.

Orange Juice Synthetic Toxin Destroys Myelin Covering Your Chemical Compound; Herbicidal
Optic Nerves And Motor Warfare Vietnam
Neurons

Batrachotoxin Causes Voltage-Gated Sodium Poison-Dart Frog

Channels to open at a more
negative Membrane Potentials
And Also Prevents Their
Inactivation

Dendrotoxin K Blocks Voltage-Gated Black Mamba Snake

Potassium Channels

Sevoflurane Opens Potassium Channels In Highly Fluorinated Methyl

Neurons Of Reticular Formation Isopropyl Ether Used As An
In Brainstem Inhalational Anesthetic

Potassium Brain Flooded With 10X Nature

Potassium Levels

Sodium Channel Mutation Alters Voltage Sensitivity Of Sodium Channels

Sodium Channel, Only Opening
It At Positive Membrane
Potentials Causes Seizures.

Maculotoxin Blocks Sodium Channels Blue-Ringed Octopus

Latrotoxin Enhances Acetylcholine Black Widow Spider

Release

A-Bungarotoxin Blocks Acetylcholine Receptor Krait Snake

Tetrodotoxin Blocks Sodium Channels Pufferfish

Apamin Blocks Potassium Channels Bee

Charybdotoxin Blocks Potassium Receptors Scorpion

Conotoxin One Type Blocks Cone Snail

Voltage-Sensitive Calcium
Channels; One blocks
Voltage-Sensitive Sodium
Channels; One blocks ACh
Receptors.
Table 1 Neurotoxin will do different movements and react differently in the receptors.
Figure 1- Sheep Brain Photo Labeled With Structures And Functions
1. Cerebellum- Coordination, posture and balance
2. Cerebrum- Thought & action
3. Corpus Callosum- Integrate motor, sensory, and cognitive performances
4. Fourth Ventricle- Prevent the brain from trauma
5. Gyri and the Sulci- Help divide the brain into the 4 lobes
6. Hypothalamic- Temperature regulation, thirst and hunger.
7. Lateral Ventricle- Provides cushioning for the brain
8. Medulla Oblongata- Regulates breathing, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing
9. Pineal Gland- Produces melatonin
10. Pons- Facial expressions, facial sensation, and pressure
11. Thalamus- Regulates the bodys voluntary motor control.
Figure 2- Sheep Brain Photo With Cranial Nerves
1. Accessory Nerve- Provides motor function to the sternocleidomastoid muscles
2. Acoustic Nerve- Hearing, balance and head position
3. Facial Nerve- Taste sensations
4. Glossopharyngeal Nerve- Receives general somatic sensory fibers
5. Hypoglossal Nerve- Provides motor control muscles of the tongue
6. Oculomotor Nerve- Responsible for eyelid and eye movement
7. Olfactory Bulb- Senses, smell and odor
8. Olfactory Tract- Visual awareness
9. Optic Nerve- Neural impulses from the eye to the brain
10. Trigeminal Nerve- Sensory and motor nerve
11. Trochlear Nerve- Motor nerve
12. Vagus Nerve- Sensory and motor nerve
 Test Left Right Results Varying
Conditions

Biceps + + Thick Shirt

Triceps + + Late Response

Brachioradialis ++ ++ None

Hoffmanns +++ +++ None

Patellar ++++ ++++ Strong

Achilles ++ ++ None

Babinski ++ Thick Sock

Crossed Extensor + + Thick Shirt

Glabellar +++ +++ None

Other
Table 2 Cranial Nerve Assessment shows the results on how much movement of the body
reacted on each individual part by representing plus signs (+) on how greater or less was the
movement and what affected it from moving more.
Figure 3- Mink Spinal Cord show the nerves that help involve the movement so the brain can
help move them when being signaled with the information.
Figure 4- Mink Spinal Nerve is the spinal cord split where you can see the spinal cord and
vertebra.
Cranial Nerve Motor Or Where Does Test Results Of Assessment
Sensory Or The Nerve Performed Tests Of Nerve
Both? Innervate? Function

Olfactory Sensory Lining Of Smelled The Positive Normal

Upper Nasal Coffee
Cavity

Optic Sensory Vision Read The Eye Positive Normal

Chart 20 ft
Away

Oculomotor Motor Orbits Of The Follow FInger Positive Normal

Eye As It moves
Around

Trochlear Motor External Eye Follow Fingers Positive Normal

Muscles As It Moves
Downward

Trigeminal Both Pons Touch Wisp Of Positive Normal

Cotton Eye,
Push Jaw
Closed From
Under

Abducens Motor External Eye Follow Finger Positive Normal

Muscles From Side To
Side

Facial Both Lower Pens Tell Person To Positive Normal

Side Of Face Smile Open
Mouth Show
Teeth &
Closed Eyes

Vestibulocochl Sensory In Ganglia Use Luning Positive Normal

ear Near The Fork Hearing
Vestibule Walk In A
Straight Line

Glossopharyn Both Lining Or Ask Person To Positive Normal

geal Pharynx Speak
Tonsils Swallow and
Say Ahhh

Vagus Both Chest & Ask Person To Positive Normal

Abdomen Speak
Swallow and
Say Ahhh

Accessory Motor Soft Plate Ask Person To Positive Normal

Pharynx Turn Head
 Larynx Shrug
Shoulders
With Pressure

Hypoglossal Motor Tongue & Stick Tongue Positive Normal

Mouth Out & Move It
Table 3- Reflex Assessment Results was when we performed a lab where the test subjects A
and B were partners and we performed various tests to check the reflexes in one another. By
hitting the different reflexes on one another we were able the see the resemblance on how fast
each one of them reacts because the nervous system sends a message to the brain telling it to
react
Figure 5- Sheep Eye Photo has light pass through the layers of the eye giving the ability to
process what to see and it makes many of the several nerves communicate to the cerebrum
The optic nerve is one of the major nerves in the eye, it sends information it receives from the
retina to the brain.