EXPERIMENT NUMBER: 5

AIM: STUDY AND TEST 3-PHASE AC VOLTAGE REGULATOR.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.N.O NAME OF QTY RANGE TYPES
APPARTUS
1 3 phase Induction 1 415V 1440Rpm Inductive Type
Motor
0.25 HP
2 CRO 1 15 MHZ
3 Dual Trace CRO 1 1:10 TPPES
4 Trainer Kit 1 220 V Single phase
supply
5 Connecting Leads As per required - -
6 Bulb 3 40 W Resistive load

THEORY:

Case-1 Three phase AC voltage regulators with the R load

There are many types of circuits used for the three-phase ac regulators (ac to ac voltage
converters), unlike single-phase ones. The three-phase loads (balanced) are connected in star or
delta. Two thyristors connected back to back, or a triac, is used for each phase in most of the
circuits as described. Two circuits are first taken up, both with balanced resistive (R) load The
circuit of a three-phase, three-wire ac regulator (termed as ac to ac voltage converter) with
balanced resistive (star-connected) load is shown in Fig. 1. It may be noted that the resistance
connected in all three phases are equal. Two thyristors connected back to back are used per
phase, thus needing a total of six thyristors. Please note the numbering scheme, which is same
as that used in a three-phase full-wave bridge converter or inverter, described in module 2 or 5
The thyristors are fired in sequence (Fig.2), starting from 1 in ascending order, with the angle
between the triggering of thyristors 1 & 2 being 60 (one-sixth of the time period (T) of a
complete cycle). The line frequency is 50 Hz, with T=1/f=20ms. The thyristors are fired or
triggered after a delay of a from the natural commutation point. The natural commutation point
is the starting of a cycle with period, (60=T/6) of output voltage

1
waveform, if six thyristors are replaced by diodes. Note that the output voltage is similar to
phase-controlled waveform for a converter, with the difference that it is an ac waveform in
this case. The current flow is bidirectional, with the current in one direction in the positive
half, and then, in other (opposite) direction in the negative half. So, two thyristors
connected back to back are needed in each phase. The turning off of a thyristor occurs, if its
current falls to zero. To turn the thyristor on, the anode voltage must be higher that the
cathode voltage, and also, a triggering signal must be applied at its gate.

The waveforms of the input voltages, the conduction angles of thyristors and the output voltage
of one phase, for firing delay angles (a) of (a) and (b) are shown in Fig. 2. For 0= a = 60 ( /6),
immediately before triggering of thyristor 1, two thyristors (5 & 6) conduct. Once thyristor 1 is
triggered, three thyristors (1, 5 & 6) conduct. As stated earlier, a thyristor turns off, when the
current through it goes to zero. The conditions alternate between two and three conducting
thyristors. At any time only two thyristors conduct for 60. = a = 90. Although two thyristors
conduct at any time for 90 = a = 150, there are periods, when no thyristors are on. For a
=150, there is no period for which two thyristors are on, and the output voltage becomes zero
at a=150(5 /6). The range of delay angle is 0=a=150.

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Observation table-:
Pot position Firing angle Load voltage

Procedure-:
1 Please refer front panel for circuit.

2 Keep rocker switch to OFF position.

3 Connect 3 pin input supply to the unit in proper R-Y-B-N sequence.
4 Keep the ALPHA/SPEED pot at minimum position.
5 Connect three 40/60W lamps on back panel holder.
6 Switch on the 3 phase supply (Neon Glows ).switch on the rocker switch.
7 Press start button this will connected three phase supply to the SCRs.
8 Vary pot slowly and observe load lamps glow slowly.
9 Observe all control test points on CRO as per the test point chart given.
10 Observe the converter output between any one phase and N point.
11 Vary the pot slowly and note down the output voltage on true rms voltmeter.
12 Fill up the observation table.
13 Switch off the supply to the converter unit.
14 Plot graph of output voltage vs firing angle.

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4
Three Phase voltage regulator with the help of RL load-:
The analysis and operations of the three phase voltage controller under induction motor
load depends on the relative values of firing and phase angles. These different values will
make the system works in different modes of operations, namely, mode 2/3, mode 0/2/3 or
mode 0/2 [1]. Fig.4 shows the three phase supply current for different modes of operations.
From intensive simulation results, the firing angle ranges for the three modes of operation
have been obtained and summarized as shown in Table(1). It is clear that the mode 2/3 has
near sinusoidal current waveform. Table(1) Modes of operations of the control systems.
Mode Limits

0/2 0 / 3

0/2/3 / 3 1

2/3 1 + / 3

0/3/2 + / 3 2 / 3

0/2 2 / 3 7 / 6

Where: : is the firing angle.

: The motor power factor angle or, the phase angle of the impedance (i.e. is the phase-
angle difference between the phase voltage and the phase current).

1 : Angle of the input current of the motor under sinusoidal supply current (i.e. it is
corresponding to the time between a voltage zero crossing and the instant at which the
current fundamental component first reaches zero following voltage zero crossing.).

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Observation table(with RL load)-:
Pot position Firing angle Load voltage

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Procedure-:

1) Repeat steps 1 to 5 from exp.5

2) Connect 4-pin jones plug of 3 ph induction motor to the unit tightly.
3) Switch on the mains by rocker switch.
4) Press start button, output LED glows.
5) Rocker switch glows.
6) Wait for the motor response increase the ALPHA/SPPED pot clock wise and observe
the motor starts running slowly by soft start action.
7) Fill corresponding reading in observation table.
8) Observe output voltage waveform between any two phase and observe the output
waveforms. Plot graph of speed vs Armature voltage

Result-: We have Study of three-phase ac voltage regulator.