Result

Sample Potato Orange

Weight of sample 1 80.6 g 140.0 g
2 94.6 g 156.6 g
Volume by 1 80 ml = 0.8x10-4 m3 150 ml = 1.5x10-4 m3
displacement
2 90 ml = 0.9x10-4 m3 170 ml = 1.7x10-4 m3
method
Volume based on 1 4 4 4 4
triaxial ellipsoid 3 abc = 3 (0.031)(0.0255) 3 abc = 3 (0.0335)(0.031)

measurement (0.02) (0.031)

= 6.622x10-5 m3 = 1.349x10-4 m3
2 4 4 4 4
3 abc = 3 (0.0325) 3 abc = 3 (0.033)(0.033)

(0.0265)(0.021) (0.033)
= 7.576x10-5 m3 = 1.505x10-4 m3
Dimension by 1 a) 0.062 m a) 0.067 m
b) 0.051 m b) 0.062 m
triaxial ellipsoid
c) 0.040 m c) 0.062 m
2 a) 0.065 m a) 0.066 m
b) 0.053 m b) 0.066 m
c) 0.042 m c) 0.066 m
Surface area of 1 92.5 cm2 116.5 cm2
fruit
2 28 cm2 150.75 cm2

Calculation Sphericity

Potato

(abc )
1 /3 6V p
a D p S p

(0.031)(0.0255)( 0.02)
1 /3
6 (0.8 x 104 )m 3
0.031 (0.051 m)(0.925) m2

= 0.010
 (abc )
1 /3 6V p
2. a D p S p

(0.0325)(0.0265)(0.021)
1 /3
6 (0.9 x 104 )m 3
0.0325 (0.053 m)(0.28m 2 )

= 0.0364

0range
(abc )
1 /3 6V p
1. a D p S p

(0.0335)(0.031)( 0.031)1 /3 6(1.5 x 104 )m 3

0.0335 (0.064 m) ( 1.165 ) m2

= 0.0121

(abc )
1 /3 6V p
2. a D p S p

(0.033)(0.033)(0.033)1/ 3 6(1.7 x 104 )m3

0.033 (0.066 m) ( 1.5075 ) m2

= 0.0103
DISCUSSION

When physical properties of grains, seeds, fruits and vegetables, eggs, forage, and fibers are
studied by considering either bulk or individual units of the material, it is important to have
an accurate estimate of shape, size, volume, specific gravity, surface area and other physical
characteristics which may be considered as engineering parameter for the product.Shape and
size are required to describe an object satisfactorily. These are important physical attributes of
biological materials that are used in screening, grading, and quality control of agro-
commodities. They are also important in fluid flow and heat and mass transfer calculations,
like drying, dehydration, pneumatic separation, screening etc.

Sphericity is the measure of how closely the shape of an object approaches that of a

6Vp
s
DpAp
mathematically perfect sphere. Sphericity s is defined as where Vp is the
volume of the object, Ap is its surface area, and Dp is the diameter of a sphere with the same
volume (Dp3/6).

In this experiment, 2 potatoes and 2 orange. Firstly the volume are measured by displacement
method. Second, volume based on the triaxial ellipsoid measurement are determined. The
volume of the oranges for displacement method is 1.5x10-4 m3 and 1.7x10-4 m3 while for
volume based on triaxialial ellipsoid measurement is 1.349x10-4 m3 and 1.505x10-4 m3 .The
volume for potato by displacement method is 0.8x10-4 m3 and 0.9x10-4 m3 while for based on
triaxialial ellipsoid measurement is 0.662x10-4 m3 and 0.758x10-4 m3 .Next is measurement the
surface area of the fruit. The area of the oranges is 116.5 cm2 and 150.75 cm2 while the area of
the potato is 92.5 cm2 and 28 cm2 by calculate the area in graph paper. The more the sphericity
to 1 the sphere its shape. The sphericity of the potato is 0.81 and 0.81. The sphericity of the
oranges is 0.95 and 1. It shows that the oranges have more regular shapes than potatoes as its
value is near to 1.