Chapter 2 Air Pol Control Device

2/7/2017
Air Pollution
Quality &
Monitoring
Device
January April 2017
Prof Dato Dr. Ahmad Ibrahim
Asst. Prof. Tan Jully
Faculty of Engineering,
UCSI University
Presentation Outline
Review on past topics
Indoor air quality
Emission standards
Air quality monitoring device
Revision
2 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering
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Review
By now, you should be able to:
1. Define air pollution
2. Explain and identify primary and secondary pollutants
3. Evaluate the impact of air pollutions
4. Outlines the different type of air pollution scenario
Air Quality
The term Air Quality can have many different definitions:
A measure of the condition of air relative to the requirements of one
or more biotic species and or to any human need or purpose.
A measurement of pollutants in the air.
A description of the healthiness of the air.
Air Quality is a term that is constantly changing over time.
All of the various definitions seek to link and describe the relationship
between various concentrations of pollutants in the air with the health of
human beings.
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Air Quality Monitoring

Air Quality Index (AQI); a national reporting program that links air quality levels
to cautionary health messages
Classification of mitair pollutants
Primary pollutants (eted directly to the atmosphere)
Secondary pollutants (formed by reactions involving primary pollutants and
other constituents within the atmosphere)
Classification of sources of air pollutants
Stationary sources
Mobile sources
Sources
Natural sources
Anthropogenic sources
Urban sources
Air Quality Index
Air Quality Index (AQI) Values Levels of Health Concern
0 to 50 Good
51 to 100 Moderate
Unhealthy
101 to 150
for Sensitive Groups
151 to 200 Unhealthy
201 to 300 Very Unhealthy
301 to 500 Hazardous
API, DOE Malaysia, 2000
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Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978

Part 1:
2. Interpretation
In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires
"air impurities" includes smoke, soot, dust, ash (including flyash), cinders, grit, solid particles of any kind
inclusive of particulates, gases, fumes, mist, odours and radioactive substance which are generated as a
result of combustion of fuel and the like, or a result of the use of electricity as a heat source, or a result of
synthesis, resolution or any other treatment and any other substance which may be designated by the
Minister as those which are liable to affect adversely the human health or the living environment;
3. Application
the Regulations shall apply to
(a) any premises used for any industrial or trade purposes, or on which matter is burnt in connection with
any industrial or trade purposes including burning of waste, irrespective of whether such premises are
prescribed under section 18 of the Act or not;
(b) any facility or process that discharges or is capable of discharging air impurities into open air;
(c) every chimney;
(d) every industrial plant; and
(e) every fuel burning equipment.
Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978 (Cont)

PART III BURNING OF WASTE
7. Burning of trade waste in incinerator only.
No owner or occupier of industrial or trade premises, shall burn or cause to be burnt
combustible materials, refuse and produce or waste except in an incinerator of such type
and design approved by the Director-General.
11. Conditions for open burning.

Unless covered by a written approval issued by the Director-General under regulation 12,
no person shall cause, allow or permit open burning of any combustible material or refuse
except as may be allowed in compliance with the following paragraphs:
(a) open burning of leaves, tree branches or yard trimmings originating on the premises of
private residences and is done between 8.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m.;
(b) fires purposely set to agricultural lands for disease and pest control or fires set to
carcasses of diseased animals and poultry, or for other agricultural practices;
(c) fires set purposely for carrying out research into causes and control of fires, or for the
instruction and training of public and industrial fire fighting personnel.
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PART IV DARK SMOKE

14. Permissible dark smoke limit for new facilities.
(1) The occupier of any industrial or trade premises shall not cause, suffer, allow or permit smoke
emissions of any colour from any new facility except fuel burning equipment utilising solid fuel
and including but not limited to any chimney which appears to the Director-General or any
authorised officer
(a) to be darker than that designated as shade No. I on the Ringelmann Chart; or
(b) when observed or recorded with such instrument or device as the Director-General may
approve to be darker than shade No. 1 on the Ringelmann Chart; or
(c) to be of such capacity as to cause obscuration to a degree equivalent to smoke darker than
shade No. 1 on the Ringelmann Chart.
(2) For fuel burning equipment utilising solid fuel, the permissible limit specified in subparagraphs
(a), (b) and (c) of paragraph (1) shall be shade No. 2 on the Ringelmann Chart.
Ringelmann Chart
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15. Permissible dark smoke limit for existing facilities.

(1) For existing facilities, the permissible limit specified in regulation 14 shall be shade No. 2 on
the Ringelmann Chart.
(2) Every occupier of existing facility emitting smoke shall comply with the requirement of
paragraph (1) within six months from the date these Regulations come into force.
16. Exceptions.
Regulations 14 and 15 shall not apply to the emission of smoke from an installation for an
aggregate of less than 5 minutes in any period of one hour provided that the total period of such
emissions shall not exceed an aggregate of 15 minutes in any period of twenty-four hours.

18. Occupier to provide observation device.
The occupier of any industrial or trade premises in or on which any smoke emitting facility,
including industrial plant or fuel burning equipment is situated, shall if so directed by the Director-
General provide a means to the satisfaction of the Director-General whereby any person in
charge of such facility may at all times readily ascertain without leaving the control room whether
or not smoke is discharging from any chimney on such premises. Such means may include one
or more of the following:
(i) a smoke density indicator and alarm, installed so as to indicate adequately in the control room
the density of smoke being discharged;
(ii) a window or other opening through which an unobstructed view of the top of the chimney may
be obtained from the control room;
(iii) one or a series of mirrors so placed as to reflect the top of the opening or chimney, which
reflection shall be visible from the control room;
(iv) a closed circuit television installation with the receiver located in the control room;
(v) any other device that may be approved by the Director-General
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PART V AIR IMPURITIES

20. Standards of compliance.
Unless otherwise prescribed elsewhere in these Regulations for the particular trade, industry or
process, the prescribed permissible limits of concentration of air impurities in the conduct of any
trade, industry or process, or the operation of any fuel burning equipment or industrial plant shall
be as set out in regulations 24 to 30.
21. Date of compliance.
(1) (a) Every new facility shall comply with Standard C.
(2) Every existing facility shall comply with Standard A within two years and comply with Standard
B within three years, from the date these Regulations come into force.
26. Metals and metallic compounds.
mass in gram, and whenever the emission consists of two or more of the above substances, the
total mass of the first five shall not exceed 0.04 mg/Nm3 or the sum of individual allowable limits,
whichever is less, and in addition, the individual limit as specified above shall not be exceeded.
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27. Gaseous substance.

28. Asphalt concrete plant
29. Portland cement plant
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32. Occupier to use best practicable means.
(1) An occupier of any industrial or trade premises Shall use the best practicable means to
prevent the emission of noxious or offensive substances and to render harmless and
inoffensive those substances necessarily discharged.
(2) Noxious and offensive substances are substances referred to in the Third Schedule.
(3) For the purpose of this regulation, best practicable means include
(i) the size, design and inherent operation characteristics of the plant or process;
(ii) the provision if necessary, and appropriate use of mist eliminator, dust arrestor, gas
absorber and control instrumentation;
(iii) the use of suitable raw material or suitable fuel;
(iv) the alternative process within the capacity and design capability of the plant;
(v) the alternative manner of operation or procedures within the capacity and design
capability of the plant or process;
(vi) the proper conduct and adequate supervision of operation; and
(vii) regular and efficient maintenance of plant and control equipment.

FIRST SCHEDULE : NEW INSTALLATIONS WITHIN RESIDENTIAL AREAS NOT
PERMITTED WITHOUT PRIOR APPROVAL (Regulation 4)
SECOND SCHEDULE EMISSION STANDARDS IN SPECIFIC AREAS (Regulation 31)
THIRD SCHEDULE NOXIOUS AND OFFENSIVE SUBSTANCES (Regulation 32)
FOURTH SCHEDULE - UNDESIRABLE OCCURRENCE (Regulation 55)
FIFTH SCHEDULE - PROCESSING FEES PAYABLE TO OBTAIN LICENCE (Regulation

57)
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Air Quality Monitoring : Air Pollutant Index (API)

or Air Quality Index (AQI)
A general index used to assess air quality;

Values calculated based on the average concentration of
each of the monitored pollutants: CO, SO2, NO2, O3, PM10
The dominant pollutant with the highest concentration will
determine the API value;
Normally PM10 will be dominant;
During late afternoon and early evening O3 can be high
too
Threshold level
Threshold level = the pollutant level below which no ill effects
are observed.
Above threshold level, the effect of pollutant depends on dose

(dose = concentration X time of exposure).
3 factors determine level of pollution:

Amount of pollutants entering the air
Amount of space into which the pollutants are dispersed.
Mechanisms that remove pollutants from air
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Indoor Air Quality
Indoor air quality is a term referring to the air quality within and around
buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of
building occupants
The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC- Australia)

defines indoor air as air within a building occupied for at least one hour by
people of varying states of health. This can include the office, classroom,
transport facility, shopping centre, hospital and home.
Indoor air quality can be defined as the totality of attributes of indoor air that
affect a person's health and well being.
Sources of Indoor Pollutants
Base on Specific Building

Combustion activity
Furniture
Chemical
Building materials
Food
Water
Smoking activity
Outdoor air pollution
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Air quality monitoring

Methods and instrumentation
Passive sampling methods

Active sampling methods
Automatic methods
Remote optical - long path analyzers
Any instrument measures 3 types of values:

Instantaneous value
TWA (Time Weighted Average)
STEL (Short Term Exposure Limits)
24 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering Environmental monitoring
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Gas measurement using spectroscopic methods
Spectrophotometry is based on the interaction of the gas molecules with light.

hc

Absorbtion techniques it is measured the intensity of light after passing through

a gaseous medium. Usually absorption is measured at several frequencies in order to
avoid offests and interferences with other species. There are 4 principles:
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS)
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR)
Tunable Laser Diode Absorption Spectroscopy (TLDAS)

Gas measurement using spectroscopic methods
Emission techniques excite molecules of the gas and then examine the light
emitted as they return to their ground state. The signal is passed through a narrow-
band filter and measured with a photomultiplier tube.
Flame photometry
Chemiluminescence
UV fluorescence
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Air Pollution Meteorology

An air pollution problem involves three parts: the source, the movement of the pollutant
and the recipient.
All meteorological phenomena are a result of interaction of the elemental properties of the
atmosphere, heat, pressure, wind and moisture.
Air pollution meteorology :

Atmospheric pressure
Turbulence (Mechanical & Thermal)
Stability (Neutral, Unstable and Stable)
Atmospheric Pressure
Pressure is an important variable in meteorological phenomenon. Because air has
weight, the whole atmosphere presses down upon the earth beneath it.
1. Cyclonic conditions
Areas of low pressure are generally:

fast moving,
associated with strong winds and bad weather (tornadoes and hurricanes)
upward motion, clouds and precipitation
all result in low pollutant concentrations
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2. Anticyclonic conditions
High pressure areas have the opposite conditions:

Often slow moving and stagnant
Associated with weak pressure gradients and light winds
Downward motion clear skies and good weather

Formation of a subsidence inversion that stabilizes the atmosphere and limits vertical mixing
Conditions that lead to stagnation and high pollutant concentrations
Turbulence
1. Mechanical Turbulence
Random fluctuation of wind velocity (speed and direction)
Wind is zero at ground surface and rise with elevation to near the speed imposed by the
pressure gradient.
The greater the mean wind speed, the greater the turbulence.
The more the mechanical turbulence, the easier it is to disperse the spread the
atmospheric pollutants.
2. Thermal Turbulence
Different of air circulation during day time and nights.
During clear nights when the ground radiates its heat away to the cold night sky and the
cold air above it causing a sinking density current.
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Stability
The tendency of the atmosphere to

resist or enhance vertical motion is
termed stability.
Three types :
- Stable
- Unstable
- Neutral
Note : Stability related to both wind
speed and the change of air
temperature.
Stacks in Industry
Emissions from industrial stacks are regulated to protect human and environmental
health
Industrial facilities are required to obtain permits to emit into the atmosphere and to
demonstrate their compliance with regulations
In the process of applying for permits, dispersion models are generally used to
assess the impact of point source emission
A dispersion model is essentially a computational procedure for predicting

concentrations downwind of a pollutant source.
Routinely used in:

Environmental impact assessments
Risk analysis
Emergency planning
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General Characteristics of Stack Plumes

Plume types are important because they help us
understand under what conditions there will be higher
concentrations of contaminants at ground level
Looping Plume
High degree of convective turbulence
Associated with clear daytime conditions
accompanied by strong solar heating & light
winds
High probability of high concentrations
sporadically at ground level close to stack.
Occurs in unstable atmospheric conditions.
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Coning Plume
Stable with small-scale turbulence

Pollutants travel fairly long distances
before reaching ground level in
significant amounts
Occurs in neutral atmospheric
conditions
Fanning Plume
Extremely stable atmosphere
Little turbulence
If plume density is similar to air,
travels downwind at approximately
same elevation
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Lofting Plume
Favorable in the sense that fewer impacts at
ground level.
Pollutants go up into environment.
They are created when atmospheric
conditions are unstable above the plume and
stable below.
Fumigation
Most dangerous plume: contaminants are all
coming down to ground level.
They are created when atmospheric
conditions are stable above the plume and
unstable below.
This happens most often after the daylight
sun has warmed the atmosphere, which
turns a night time fanning plume into
fumigation for about a half an hour.
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Air Pollution Monitoring Device
Air Pollution Measurement
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Control Strategy
Basic Approaches
Two basic approaches to control air pollution emission from
existing sources:
1) Process change
2) Installation of a pollution control device
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Process change
Systematic approach of pollution control : Prevention , Reduction, Removal
1. The planning process

Avoid emission near center of population to avoid disaster in case of accident.
e.g: Union Carbide accident in Bhopal India
2. Choice of feedstock and fuel
Prevent or reduce emissions by using feedstock/fuel, which has no impurities or lower impurities
e.g:Use natural gas instead of coal or fuel oil to prevent SO2 emission and particulate emission.
3. Choice of process
Use a process which minimizes wastes and generation of pollutants.
e.g: Use of electric arc furnace system instead of blast furnace in steel industries drastically
reduces SO2 and NOx emission problems.
4. Removal of impurities from feedstock/fuel

e.g: Coal desulfurization Removal of sulphur content in coal thus reduces the amount of SO2
generation during combustion process.
5. Modification of operating conditions to improve the efficiency of the process

e.g: Adjust temperature, pressure, residence time, stoichiometry (air/fuel ratio) to reduce pollutant
formation such as CO and soot in combustion process.
6. Basic design modification

Redesign of furnace/reactor to reduce pollutant.
e.g: Redesign burners and re-arrange the burners location in the furnace can reduce NOx formation.
7. Removal of pollutants from flue gasses or process gas stream using suitable air pollution control
devices
8. Render the residual emission harmless by dilution effect
e.g: Build a tall chimney to disperse the pollutant.
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Emission Control Equipment

Emission control equipment is designed to remove or reduce particulates, aerosols (solids and
liquid forms), and gaseous byproducts from various sources and, in some instances, emissions
resulting from inefficient design and operation.
The operating principles of aerosol collection equipment include:-
inertial entrapment by altering the direction and velocity of the effluent;
increasing the size of the particles through conglomeration or liquid mist entrainment to
subject the particles to inertial and gravitational forces within the operational range of the
control device;
impingement of particles on impact surfaces, baffles, or filters; and
precipitation of contaminants in electrical fields or by thermal convection
Particulate Collectors and Separators

Application in mechanical operations for dust control: pulverizing, grinding, blending,
woodworking, handling flour, power stations, incinerators, cement plants, heavy metallurgical
operations, and other dusty operations.
Collector efficiencies increase with particle size and from a low efficiency with baffled settling
chamber
Types:
1. Settling chambers
2. Cyclones
3. Sonic collectors
4. Filters (bag house or cloth screen)
5. Electrostatic precipitators
6. Scrubbers
7. Adsorbers
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Sonic collectors
to facilitate separation of liquid or solid particles in settling chambers or
cyclones. High-frequency sound pressure waves cause particles to vigorously
vibrate, collide, and coalesce. Collectors can be designed to remove particles
smaller than 10 m.
Settling chambers
the settling of particles larger than 40 m in diameter in trays that can be removed
for cleaning.
CYCLONE
impose a downward spiralling movement on the tangentially directed
incoming dust-laden gas, causing separation of particles by
centrifugal force and collection at the bottom of the cone.
Rotational effects and gravity are used to separate mixtures of solids

and fluids.
Due to higher momentum, larger particles tend to move outward and

collide with the wall.
Particle sizes collected range from 5 to 200 m at gas flows of 30 to

25,000 ft3 /min.
Cyclones can be placed in series or combined with other devices

to increase removal efficiency.
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Collection Efficiency
Empirical Cyclone Collection Efficiency
Source : Lapple, 1951
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Properties of Dry Air at 1 atm
Practice
Determine the efficiency of a standard cyclone having the
following characteristics for particles 10m in diameter with a
density of 800 kg/m3
Cyclone barrel diameter = 0.5 m

Gas flow rate = 4.0 m3/s
Gas temperature = 25C
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Solution :
B = (0.25)(0.50) = 0.13 m
H = (0.50)(0.50) = 0.25 m
L1 = L2 = (2.0)(0.5) = 1.0 m
Calculate number of turns : = / 0.25 [ 2(1) + 1 ]

= 37.7
From the gas temperature table, find the dynamic viscosity of air is
18.5 Pa.s.
Calculating the cut diameter using equation :
= 2.41 x 10-6 m
The ratio of particle sizes is : d / d0.5

= 10 m / 2.41 m
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Refer to the above figure, hence collection

efficiency is about 95%.
FILTER BAGHOUSE
Consist of a structure containing tubular bags made of a woven fabric Nomex, Gore-tex, polyester, Teflon,
and fiberglass.
The filter medium governs the temperature of the gas to be filtered, particle size removed, capacity and
loading, and durability of the filter.
Filter operating temperatures vary from about 93C for wool or cotton to 232260C for glass fiber.
The tubular bags are 5 to 18 in. in diameter and from 2 to 30 ft in length.
The dust-laden gas stream to be filtered passes through the bags where the particles build up on the inside
and, in so doing, increase the filtering efficiency. Periodic shaking of the bags (tubes) causes the collected
dust to fall off and restore the filtering capacity.
PM removal efficiencies of 99 to greater than 99.9% are typical for baghouses at varying operational
conditions.
The baghouse filter has particular application in cement plants, heavy metallurgical operations, and other
dusty operations. Efficiencies exceeding 99% and particle removal below 10 m.
Baghouses are usually supplemented by scrubber systems.
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Baghouse Cleaning Method

1. Pulse Jet System:
Air to Cloth Ratio: 0.033 to 0.083 m/s.
2. Shaker Style System:

Air to Cloth Ratio : 0.01 to 0.017 m/s
3. Reverse Air System:

Air to Cloth Ratio : 0.01 to 0.02 m/s
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Calculation for Baghouse

Estimate Fan Size
air flow rate in cubic feet per minute (cfm), using the surface area of the bags
and assume a typical air to cloth ratio. The air to cloth ratio is the air volume
per square foot of bag (cfm).
Bag Circumference = x Bag Diameter

Bag Area = Bag length x bag circumference
Area of baghouse = Gas flow rate/air to cloth ratio
(m/s)
Number of bag = Area of baghouse / Bag Area
Practice
An aggregate plant at Lime Ridge has been found to be

in violation of particulate discharge standards. A
mechanical shaker baghouse has been selected for
particulate control. Estimate the number of bags required
for a gas flow rate of 20 m3/s if each bag is 15cm in
diameter and 12 m in length.
Answer : 354 bags
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Cloth-screen filters
used in the smaller grinding, tumbling, and abrasive cleaning operations.

Dust-laden air passes through one or more cloth screens in series.
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
PM collection device that removes particles from flowing gas using the force
of an induced electrostatic charge.
commonly used at large power stations and incinerators to remove PM from
flue gases.
Removal efficiency 98-99%.
Flue gases may be cooled by water spray, air cooling, or passage through a
boiler.
ESP system components:
Collecting plates
Discharge Electrodes
Rappers
Hoppers
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Cleaning of exhaust gases

using ESP involves three
steps
1. passing the suspended
particles through a direct
current to charge them
electrically
2. collecting the charged

particles on a grounded plate
3. removing the collected

particulate from the plate by a
mechanical process
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(i) Collecting Plates
Collecting plates are made from rolled steel

Each plate contains electrodes which are
positively charged.
particulate gas enters the electrostatic
precipitator and is struck with a negative charge
electrode.
The positively charged plates act as a magnet
and pull the particulate gas.
ii) Discharge Electrodes

Discharge electrodes are a high voltage unit that negatively charges the
particulate gas as it enters. These electrodes were once wires that were
suspended from the ceiling and weighted at the bottom, but are now a rigid
mast.
The discharge electrode is mounted to a frame in between the collecting
plates. The negatively charged particles that pass by the electrodes and then
the counter charge of the collecting plates; make the particulate like the
magnet on a refrigerator.
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iii) Rappers
Rappers are used to dislodge the

particulate from the collecting
plates.
Rappers knock the solid
particulate off of the collecting
plates where it is collected and
then trucked away.
iv) Hoppers
Hoppers are an upside down triangular prisms structure.

Made of steel
Their only purpose is to store particulate.
The falling particulate from the rapper is then collected
by the hoppers. Once the particulate has entered the
hopper, it is stored there until it is emptied and the
particulate is carried away by a conveyor.
Once the particulate has been collected, and the
hoppers are full, valves and access doors are used to
evacuate the hoppers.
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Scrubbers
Impaction and interception of dust particles by water droplets
Many types: spray towers, ejector venturis, venturi scrubbers, and packed-bed, plate,
moving-bed, centrifugal, impingement, and entrainment types
collectors are generally used to remove gases such as hydrogen chloride, nitrous
oxides, and sulfur dioxide and particles that form as a dust, fog, or mist.
A high-pressure liquid spray is applied to the gas passing through the washer, filter,
venturi, or other device.
water is usually used as the spray, a caustic may be added if the gas stream is acidic.
When spray water is recirculated, corrosion of the scrubber, fan, and pump impeller
can be a serious problem.
Efficiency dependent on relative velocity between liquid droplet and suspended
particles
PM size collected may range from 40 m to as low as 1 m with efficiency as high as 98-
99%.
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https://www.epa.gov/catc/clean-air-technology-center-products
Advantages and Disadvantages
Emission Advantages Disadvantages
Control
Technology
Cyclone 1. Efficiency dependent on relative velocity 1. Not adequate to meet stringent
Removal of PM between liquid droplet and suspended regulation, more towards precleaners
> 5m particles. to feed into more expensive final
2. High efficiency for PM10 & PM2.5 device such as ESP.
3. Use as recovery and recycling of products 2. Not able to handle sticky material
4. Can operate with high pollutant loading 3. Low efficiency for particle < 10 m
5. Low capital cost
6. Low maintenance and operating cost
Baghouse Filter 1. High removal efficiency 1. The selection of bag need to be specific
Removal of PM 2. Simple operating procedure, thus low for corrosive or hot inlet gas. Thus can
1-100m maintenance cost increase the operating cost.
2. Large land footprint
3. Not suitable for flammable PM due to
safety reason
https://www.epa.gov/catc/clean-air-technology-center-products
Advantages and Disadvantages
Emission Control Advantages Disadvantages
Technology
Electrostatic 1. High removal efficiency 1. High capital cost
precipitator (ESP) 2. Can handle large gas flow rate 2. Large land footprint
Removal of PM < 3. Dry or wet stream can be handled 3. Inability for PM with high resistivity
1m 4. Can be operate with wide range of T characteristic
5. Low pressure drop, thus low energy 4. Once install the parameter is not easy to be
usage, operating cost tend to be low change, thus not flexible. Not suitable for
process with fluctuation parameter
5. Safety might be a concern when handling
with flammable inlet gas stream
6. Need technical personnel in handling the
equipment
Scrubber 1. Can handle flammable and explosive 1. May create water pollution (corrosive gases)
Removal of PM PM 2. Disposal of waste sludge might be costly
5-10 m 2. Can handle mist 3. High potential of corrosion problem, lead to
3. Low maintenance and operating cost equipment damage
4. Simple design, easy installation
5. Corrosive gases can be neutralized
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Past Year Examination Question

Jan-April 2013
Jan-April 2014
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Jan-April 2015
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Jan-April 2016
For further inquiry, please contact:
Asst. Prof. Jully Tan

Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering
UCSI University
tanjully@ucsiuniversity.edu.my
http://facebook.com/JullyTanUCSI
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2/7/2017

2 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

3 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

4 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Air Quality Monitoring

5 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Air Quality Index

Air Quality Index (AQI) Values Levels of Health Concern

151 to 200 Unhealthy

201 to 300 Very Unhealthy

301 to 500 Hazardous

API, DOE Malaysia, 2000

6 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978

7 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978 (Cont)

11. Conditions for open burning.

8 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978 (Cont)

PART IV DARK SMOKE

9 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

10 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978 (Cont)

15. Permissible dark smoke limit for existing facilities.

11 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978 (Cont)

12 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978 (Cont)

PART V AIR IMPURITIES

13 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978 (Cont)

26. Metals and metallic compounds.

14 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978 (Cont)

15 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978 (Cont)

29. Portland cement plant

16 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978 (Cont)

17 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978 (Cont)

SECOND SCHEDULE EMISSION STANDARDS IN SPECIFIC AREAS (Regulation 31)

THIRD SCHEDULE NOXIOUS AND OFFENSIVE SUBSTANCES (Regulation 32)

FOURTH SCHEDULE - UNDESIRABLE OCCURRENCE (Regulation 55)

FIFTH SCHEDULE - PROCESSING FEES PAYABLE TO OBTAIN LICENCE (Regulation

18 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Air Quality Monitoring : Air Pollutant Index (API)

A general index used to assess air quality;

19 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Above threshold level, the effect of pollutant depends on dose

3 factors determine level of pollution:

20 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Indoor Air Quality

The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC- Australia)

21 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Sources of Indoor Pollutants

Base on Specific Building

22 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

23 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering

Air quality monitoring

Passive sampling methods

Any instrument measures 3 types of values:

24 Jan - April 2017 Environmental Engineering Environmental monitoring

Air quality monitoring