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INTRODUCTION
1
INTRODUCTION (contd)
INTRODUCTION (contd)
2
INTRODUCTION (contd)
z Output power is
Pout = PQ / 231
1714
P = pressure (psi)
Q = flow (in3 / min)
z Pump volume efficiency and overall efficiency both
decrease as pressure increases. The rate of
decrease depends on pump design.
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Fixed Displacement Pumps (cont..)
4
Fixed Displacement Pump Circuits
5
Fixed Displacement Pump Circuits
(cont.)
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Variable Displacement Pump Circuits
(cont..)
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Variable Displacement Pump Circuits
(cont..)
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Variable Displacement Pump Circuits
(cont..)
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Variable Displacement Pump Circuits
(cont..)
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Variable Displacement Pump Circuits
(cont..)
z Schematic illustrating
the motion of one
piston during a single
rotation of the cylinder
block.
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Variable Displacement Pump Circuits
(cont..)
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Variable Displacement Pump Circuits
(cont..)
z When Ps increases to the point where Fh equals Fs, the spool shifts downwards and
the fluid flows to the actuator piston.
z Increase in Pc increases the hydraulic force produced by the actuating piston, and it
rotates the yoke until it is perpendicular to the shaft and the pump displacement is
zero.
z The pump will hold this pressure and deliver no flow until something is done to lower
the pump outlet pressure.
z Pressure- compensated axial piston pump can be used in a circuit without relief valve.
13
Variable Displacement Pump Circuits
(cont..)
z An example:
An application requires max. 20 GPM at max. 2500 psi. Select a pump to supply
20 GPM at 2500 psi. However, application requires mostly less than 20 GPM at
2500 psi. Percentage of total operating time the system operates under reduced
load, and the way the system responds to this condition, is a key issue. The
specific reduced load situation considered is the activation of a cylinder requiring
metered flow rate of 9 GPM at 1300 psi.
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Variable Displacement Pump Circuits
(cont..)
z Alternate calculation:
Max. Power loss=Total Pump power power utilized
Power loss = 2500(20) 1300(9) = 22.34 hp
1714 1714
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Variable Displacement Pump Circuits
(cont..)
16
Variable Displacement Pump Circuits
(cont..)
z The three-way, two-position DCV is shifted with pilot pressure. The pump is destroked
when this valve is in the position shown.
z There is no pilot pressure on the left side. The pump pressure applied on the right side
shifts the DCV to the position shown.
z There is no hydraulic pressure to add to the spring force (200 psi) in the compensator.
Thus pump builds only 200 psi pressure.
z When the operator shifts the three-position DCV, the pilot line is connected to supply
pressure, which is 1300 psi in this example.
z This pilot pressure acts on the left side of the two-position DCV, causing it to shift to
the right.
z Supply pressure is added to the spring force in the compensator and the pump builds
1300 + 200 = 1500 psi.
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Comparison of Pump Performance
Characteristics for Three Main Designs
z Gerotor Pump
The Hydreco Model 1919 gerotor pump has a displacement
3
of 4.53 in / rev. The manufacturer gives performance data
up to a max. speed of 3000 rpm. The max. pressure curve
is 2500 psi.
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Comparison of Pump Performance
Characteristics for Three Main Designs
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Comparison of Pump Performance
Characteristics for Three Main Designs
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Comparison of Pump Performance
Characteristics for Three Main Designs
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Comparison of Pump Performance
Characteristics for Three Main Designs
z Vane Pump
z The specifications:
Maximum Speed 1800 rpm
Maximum Pressure 2500 psi
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Comparison of Pump Performance
Characteristics for Three Main Designs
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Comparison of Pump Performance
Characteristics for Three Main Designs
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Comparison of Pump Performance
Characteristics for Three Main Designs
z The specifications :
Maximum speed : 3950 rpm
Maximum pressure : 7000 psi
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Comparison of Pump Performance
Characteristics for Three Main Designs
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Comparison of Pump Performance
Characteristics for Three Main Designs
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Comparison of Pump Performance
Characteristics for Three Main Designs
z The trend in loss is such that the vane pump is about midway
between the gerotor and the piston pumps.
z Losses due to friction are higher in the vane pump than piston pumps. Both
pumps have relatively high number of moving parts as compared to the
gerotor pump.
z Vane pump has a larger lubricating film area than the piston pump, so the
friction power loss is 11% for the vane pump and only 5% for the piston
pump.
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Multiple Pump Circuits
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Multiple Pump Circuits
z It is undesirable to interrupt the
motor operation to activate the
cylinder.
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Pump Mounts
Pump Mounts
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Basics of Directional Valves
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4 Way 3 Position Valve
Center Conditions
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4 Way 3 Position Valve
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Flow Control Valves
z Flow control valves.
z Turning manual adjustment on needle valve causes needle to move down into
the orifice, thus reducing orifice area.
z Extra turn will further reduce the orifice, increase the Pfc , increase the
pressure relief valve, dump more fluid to the reservoir.
35
Flow Control Valves
z Schematic of a pressure-
compensated flow control valve.
z A force balance on the spool of the
valve shown.
z A spring is rated at 100 psi, i.e it
produces force equivalent to a 100
psi pressure.
z Force balance on the spool is
PcAc PcAr 100 Ac ) = 0
2
Ac = area of spool cap (in )
2
Ar = area of spool rod end (in )
Pc = pressure in cavity between
the two spool ends.
36
Flow Control Valves
Q = k P
If P is constant, then Q will be constant.
Using the pressures shown in Fig 4.31b,
Cavity pressure = Downstream pressure - Spring pressure
= 200 + 100 = 300 psi
The spool finds a position where the orifice P is
Po = 500 300 = 200 psi
37
Flow Control Valves
z Case 1 PL = 0
Pfc = 400 + 100 = 500 psi
z Case 2 PL = 200
Pfc = 200 + 100 + 200 = 500 psi
z Case 2 PL = 400
Pfc = 0 + 100 + 400 = 500 psi
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Flow Control Valves
39
Flow Control Valves
z Cross section of flow divider is
shown, where flow enters port 1
and exits port 6.
z Key component is the spool
(component 2)
z Spool has passage drilled down
the center.
z Fluid enters spool at 3 and
splits to flow along passage 4 in
both directions.
z Orifices at both ends of
passage 4 are identified as
component 5
z If they are same size, flow
divider is designed for 50:50
split.
z If pressure at left port is lower than at right port, fluid entering 1 takes the
path of least resistance and flows to left port.
z Higher flow at left orifice produces higher pressure drop at the orifice.
z Spool moves closer to end plate and partially blocks the orifice. End of the
spool moves towards the end plate.
z Spool moves until it finds the position where flow is equal in both directions.
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Circuits using Flow Control Valves
z Flow control valve to meter flow out of the actuator (Fig 4.35)
41
Circuits using Flow Control Valves
END OF CHAPTER 4
THANK YOU
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