UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA

PROCESS SIMULATION LABORATORY

(CPE613)

NAME : SHAIDA FATHA BINTI IDRIS

STUDENT I.D : 2014485082
EXPERIMENT : 1 SEPARATION OF AMMONIA AND
WATER
DATE PERFORMED : 7 OCTOBER 2016
SEMESTER : 5
PROGRAM : EH241 5A
SUBMIT TO : DR. SITI SHAWALLIAH BINTI IDRIS

Allocated Marks
No. Title Marks
(%)
1 Procedure 10
2 Process Flow Diagram (PFD) 20
3 Workbook 30
4 Questions & Discussions 40
TOTAL MARKS 100

Remarks:

Checked by: Rechecked by:

------------------------------- -----------------------------------

( ) (
)
Date: Date:

OBJECTIVE

To understand the usage of condenser, valve and the separation process.

PROCEDURE

1. The Aspen HYSYS V8.6 icon was clicked and then a new blank page was
selected.
2. The properties tab appeared first where the component list and fluid package
were needed to choose. On the component list, add button was clicked and
typed the name of the desired components which are ammonia and water.
Next, on the fluid package, we were required to choose the Advanced Peng-
Robinson in the question sheet.
3. The simulation tab was clicked to insert all the unit operations involved for
the separation process. All the icons of various unit operations are appeared
in the Palette box.
4. All icons of the condenser, control valve and separator with two outputs were
chosen and dragged one by one onto the flow sheet to make a complete
process flow diagram (PFD).
5. All the units and the streams were named. The units are name according to
their real name such as E-101 for the condenser, VLV-100 for control valve
and V-101 for the separator. Meanwhile, to ensure the streams are connected
between two units, the name of the stream that exit a unit must be the same
as the stream inlet of the second unit.
6. For the condenser, the values of temperature, pressure and molar flow rate at
143.6C, 1724 kPa and 4536 kgmole/h respectively were inserted. The
composition of ammonia and water were also inserted.
7. For the control valve, the value of pressure changed is inserted so that the
Aspen HYSYS can be calculated the other values.
8. For the separator, only the name of streams inlet and outlet are determined
and thus the Aspen HYSYS will give directly all the data as in the workbook.
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)

WORKBOOK

1. Workbook for the Advanced Peng-Robinson fluid package.

Name feed in vapor liquid stream

0.9850 0.9499 0.9616
Vapour Fraction 16 52 1 0 17
140.12 123.64 123.64 123.64
Temperature [C] 143.6 84 98 98 98
Pressure [kPa] 1724 1724 1034 1034 1034
Molar Flow 4361.8 174.10
[kgmole/h] 4536 4536 93 66 4536
78141. 78141. 75040. 3101.5 78141.
Mass Flow [kg/h] 77 77 24 26 77
Liquid Volume Flow 116.68 116.68 113.20 3.4838 116.68
[m3/h] 71 71 32 72 71
- - - - -
3.7E+0 3.8E+0 3.4E+0 4.1E+0 3.8E+0
Heat Flow [kJ/h] 8 8 8 7 8
- - - - -
1.032E 1.049E 1.049E 9.348E 1.139E
Heat Flow [kW] +05 +05 +05 +04 +04
2. Workbook for the modified Peng Robinson (PSRV) fluid package.
MANUAL CALCULATION

1. The Tout of the condenser.

C
( p , Ammonia x Ammonia+ C p , Water x Water )T
Q=m

The formula of heat capacity, Cp is C p =a+bT +c T 2 +d T 3 where the values of a, b c

and d are fixed.[2]

C p , Ammonia=( 33.15 103 ) + ( 2.954 105 ) T + ( 0.4421 108 ) T 2 +(6.686 1012)T 3 ;

where T= 143.6C
 kJ
C p , Ammonia=0.0375
mol

C p , Water=( 33.46 103 ) + ( 0.6880 105 ) T + ( 0.7604 108 ) T 2 +(3.593 1012 )T 3 ;

where T= 143.6C

kJ
C p , Water=0.0346
mol

1700 kW =( 4536
kgmole
h [(
) 0.0375
kJ
mol )
( 0.8 ) +(0.0346
kJ
mol
)(0.2) T
]
kJ 1h
1700 kW =(167.47 )( ) T
h 3600 s

kJ
1700 kW =(0.04652 ) T
s

T =36 544.05

Where
T =T T out

Therefore, Tout = 143.6C -36 544.05C = - 36 300.45C

 2. The mole fraction of the ammonia and water in liquid stream.

Total mole flow rate = 174.1 kgmole/h

Composition of ammonia = 0.2042

Composition of water = 0.7958

Molar flow of the ammonia = (174.1 kgmole/h)(0.2042) =35.5512 kgmole/h

Molar flow of the water = (174.1 kgmole/h)(0.7958) = 138.5479 kgmole/h

3. The mole fraction of the ammonia and water in vapor stream.

Total mole flow rate = 4362 kgmole/h

Composition of ammonia = 0.8238

Composition of water = 0.1762

Molar flow of the ammonia = (4362 kgmole/h)(0.8238) =3593.4156 kgmole/h

Molar flow of the water = (4362 kgmole/h)(0.1762) = 768.5844 kgmole/h

QUESTIONS

1. What is the temperature of the outlet stream of the condenser?

Temperature of the outlet stream of the condenser = 140.1 C
2. What are the mole fractions for ammonia and water in the vapor and liquid
stream of the separator?

Liquid Vapor
Ammonia 0.2042 0.8238
Water 0.7958 0.1762

3. Determine the mass flow rate for each outlet stream of the separator.
Liquid = 3102 kg/h
4
Vapor = 7.504 10 kg/h

DISCUSSION
Generally, separation processes are the basic operation for all types of diverse
process industries.[1] The separation processes mainly deals with the transfer and
change of materials and energy where the physical means is involved primarily and
usually involved both physical and chemical means. [1] The examples of the
separation processes are distillation, evaporation, drying, absorption, membrane
separation, liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, ion exchange, liquid-solid leaching,
crystallization and mechanical-physical separation. [1] The two examples for the
separation process distillation is used to purify or separate the alcohol in the
beverage industry and hydrocarbons in the petrolem industry. [1]

The objective of this laboratory which to understand the condenser, valve and
separation process through the separation of ammonia and water. The objective has
achieved where the use of condenser is to reduce the temperature from 143.6C to
140.1C is understandable. Meanwhile the pressure is reduced from 1724 kPa to
1034 kPa by using a control valve in between the condenser and the separator
drum. The condition of stream that enters the separator should undergoes dropped
in temperature and presssure as the concern on the safety and optimum separation
processes. The temperature of mixture continued to reduced after exit the
condenser before they enters the separator which at . The pressure are also being
reduced by the presence of control valve.

The fluid package that should be used for this separation process is Advanced Peng-
Robinson property package where it is the best fluid package for the mixture phase.
In addition, this fluid package should provide rasonable accuracy near the critical
point especially for the compressibility factor and liquid density. [3] The same
procedure were repeated by using another fluid package which is PRSV where it
only showed a minor difference with the Advanced Peng-Robinson. The PRSV is
modified to improve the accuracy where it offer an advantage over the previous
package used where it provide more accurate result if the temperature range is
below than the critical temperature. [3] The critical temperature for the ammonia is at
about 132.4C but the temperature of this separation is at 123.6498C, below than
the critical temperature.[3] But there are only slightly difference in the composition in
the vapor and liquid phase streams which tabulated in the below.

Advanced Peng-Robinson PRSV

Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
Ammonia 0.2042 0.8238 0.2044 0.8234
Water 0.7958 0.1762 0.7956 0.1766

Based on the data above, the diffence between PRSV and Advanced Peng-Robinson
in the liquid phase is 0.0002 meawhile the difference in vapor phase is 0.0004.
These values can be classified as finite difference where the difference is small but
it can be calculated.

By doing manual calculation for the temperature difference, T which at 36

544.05, thus it can be concluded that there are some error value during
calculating. The error identified is from the value of heat capacity, C p. The negative
sign shows that the temperature that exit the condenser is much lower than the
entrance stream of the condenser.

In addition, this simulation software did not provide enough information since the
mole flow rate of each component is not identified. Thus the manual calculation for
the mole flow rate of each component is done instead of the mole fraction of each
component. The manual calculation for mole fraction of each component is to
determine the error that might have.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the objective of this laboratory which to understand the condenser,
valve and separation process through the separation of ammonia and water are
successfully achieved when the conversion of ammonia from ammonia mixture is at
82.38%.

REFERENCES

1. Geankoplis C. J. (2014). Transport Process & Separation Process Principles

( includes Unit Operations). Fourth Edition. Edinburgh:Pearson Education
Limited.
2. Felder R. M. (2014). Elementary Principle Of Chemical Processes. Third
Edition. John Wiley & Sons.
3. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_state ( 19 October
2016