AUTO TIME TABLE

1.1 DETAILED PROBLEM DEFINITION

Our basic function is to create a time table for a college including

different branches and semester. The main problem that occurred during
the project is to create and maintain the databases of different entities
involved in this process. The database contains the information about the
various semesters, subjects, lab, teachers etc. So maintain such a large
database is a big challenge for us. The problem we face during our
project is how the collision of two subjects or the teachers can avoid.
Every project has some drawbacks. There is a chance when the collision
will occur when we generate more time tables for different branches. So,
these are some problem which we face in our project.
1.2 PROJECT SCOPE

The objective of the project is to create a web based time table

management system to be used by any college but basically it is created
according to the needs of our college, Global Institute of Technology. Its
main is to perform the basic requirements of the college and to maintain
the databases of subjects, branches, semesters more efficiently. As it is a
web based system, the maintenance and working is somehow difficult
from the manual mode of approach. Till now, the time table making
process is manual work. So because of this the teacher has some
difficulty to work on this. They have to first login through their email id
and then they have to fill all the details then time table will be generated.
But we have tried hard to make this system very user friendly and easy
to understand.

As this is web based project, it is easier to fetch the data from the
database and remove the unwanted data by just clicking the delete
button. This project will limit the time and money factor involve in the
time table management system. The maintenance of this web based is
much easier and accurate than the existing manual system. As this web
based system, the security features are somehow higher than the manual
system. In this system, there is less chance of mishandling of the data
because only the administrator will login through their login id and
password and upload all the related data and generate the time table. So
there is no misuse of the data.

1.3 PRESENTLY AVAILABLE SYSTEM FOR THE SAME

The time table management system is a very old process. In every
schools and colleges, the generation of the time table is required. Till
now, all the processes are manually done in most of the colleges because
no one wants to spend the money on such process. Some time table
management system are available but some cost are charged for using
them. The existing systems are not user friendly because they require
lots of data to generate. It is very hard to handle the database in the
presently available system because it is computer based applications. In
the existing system there is no option of the printing of the time table
and also there are no criteria of the leave management. There is no web
based time table management system available till now. So, all the
features of the wed based applications are missing. Security is main
factor for any application. In the presently available system, the security
level is very low because there is no
criterion of login id and password. Database management is also very
difficult in the desktop based application. To use this application the
expert is requires. In our system we have tried to solve all these
problems.
1.4FUTURE PROSPECTS

Many special features which we have not included now in our project
will likely to be added in the near future. In our project, there is only
administrator panel where the admin will upload all the data related to
the college, teachers, branches, subjects and labs. Now in the future
extension, we will assign the login id and password to all the teachers so
that they can be able to see their schedule and print the time table. In the
future, we also give the facility of the leave management. In the leave
management criteria, any teacher who wants to take the leave will
inform the administrator by sending the mail and then administrator will
assign the lecture to another teacher by sending the mail and by sending
sms to the cell phone. In the future, we will also give the facility of
changing any lectures manually. It means if anyone wants to exchange
their lectures which are automatic generated by the system, then he can
able to change it manually. The will also give the alert if any collision
will occur with any other subject of the other branch. So these are some
future prospects of our project which we are going to implement later.

Hard constraints: (1) Lectures (2) Room Occupancy (3) Conflicts (4)
Availabilities

Soft constraints: (5) Minimum working days (6) Capacity of the room
(7) Compactness of the Curriculum

By using Local Search to solve a Course Timetabling problem [14] , first

the basic Local Search entities should be defined, namely the cost
function, the search space and the strategy for generating the initial
solution. Search space consists of all the assignment matrices for which
the constraints (1) and (4) hold. States for which the hard constraints (2)
and (3) do not hold are allowed, but are considerably penalized within
the cost function.

The cost function is thus a weighted sum of the violations of the

aforementioned hard constraints plus the violations of the soft
constraints (6) (7). The weight of constraint type (5) is the number of
students without a seat, whereas the weight of constraint types (5) and
(7) is fixed to 5 and 2, respectively, to reflect their relative importance in
our institution. Furthermore, as sketched above, in order to give
precedence to feasibility over the objectives, hard constraints are
assigned the weight 100, which is a value greater than the maximum
value of soft constraints violations. In detail, if we denote with fi(T ) the
measure of violation of the constraint (i) we choose

F(T ) = 1000 (f2(T ) + f3(T )) + f5(T ) + f6(T ) + f7(T ). (2)

The initial solution is selected at random. A random matrix M is created

which satisfies constrains (1) and (4). This is obtained by allotting each
lecture of a course to an available period which is selected randomly,
and to a random room, ignoring the fact whether the lectures are
assigned to the same period [14].

Advantages: Gives good results in a few cases in practical run times.

Disadvantages: Lack of robustness in a variety of problems. Also local
search techniques can get stuck at local minima

METHODOLOGY
The methodology used in this application enables us to approach
Evolutionary Algorithms. Evolutionary Algorithms are a class of direct,
probabilistic search and optimisation algorithms gleaned from the model
of organic evolution. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a type of EA and is
regarded as being the most widely known EA in recent times. A GA
diers from other search techniques in the following ways: GAs
optimises the trade o between exploring new points in the search space
and exploring the information discovered thus far. GAs is randomised
algorithms, in that they use operators whose results are governed by
probability. The results for such operations are based on the value of a
random number. This means GAs use probabilistic transition rules, not
deterministic rules. GA was combined with a heuristic specific greedy
algorithm to take advantage of the global search of feasible solutions and
specific technique efficiency in local solution optimization. This
approach resulted in considerably smaller execution times.

The process of Timetable generation using the Automated Timetable

generator includes the processing and Managing Data as the two phases
in it. These two phases form a block where input will be given to these
blocks and optimal output(Timetable) will be generated. The inputs
include the details as number of subjects to be allocated, available
number of staff(Lecturer) to be given particular subject so that no
clashes occur and also available number of class-rooms to be allocated
for each subject.The Automated Timetable generator will take into
consideration the inputs as subject-wise,staff-wise and class-wise.The
inputs entered go through the processing phase first where there are
operations like Assigning subjects to time slots and Remove clashes
where the calculations of fitting each data will be done using Automated
Timetable generator.Then the Managing Data phase comes where the
data of each subject,class and staff is taken to avoid any redundancies
and generate the Timetable. There will be a assigned Admin who will
take care of entering the inputs and the application will only be under the
admins control to do any changes in the Timetable