Jessie Matney

Leslie Drake

LAS 13525

3/8/17

Annotated Bibliography

Carlson, Neil R., and Neil R. Carlson. Foundations of behavioral neuroscience. 9th ed.

Harlow: Pearson, 2014. Print.

Summary: This source is a textbook that was issued for Physiological Psychology at

Ottawa University. The textbook has a whole section about Schizophrenia starting at page

390. The textbook gives information about the description of Schizophrenia, some

common causes thought to be associated with Schizophrenia, and how Schizophrenia is a

neurological disorder. There is a lot specific information given about what Schizophrenia

is.

Evaluation: The information found within this textbook is published and is in its 9th

edition. The intended audience is scholarly and the purpose of the information found

within this textbook is to inform and teach. The is author Neil R. Carlson from the

University of Massachusetts, Amherst which makes him more than qualified to write

about Schizophrenia. This source in important because it gives really good foundation

information about what Schizophrenia is. The source is not too specific which is always

good to have along with more specific articles and there are no biases found within the

article.
A. (2017). Recognizing the Signs of Schizophrenia. Retrieved March 08, 2017, from

http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/recognizing-schizophrenia.aspx

Summary: This article by the American Psychological Association tells the reader

specific signs and symptoms that are associated with Schizophrenia. It is pointed out that

one in one hundred Americans are diagnosed with Schizophrenia and most people see the

first signs of Schizophrenia within his or her teens or twenties. This article lets the reader

know that there are ways in which a psychologist can help a person who has been

diagnosed with Schizophrenia and there are additional resources linked at the bottom.

Evaluation: This article was published sometime in 2017 and the links found at the

bottom of the article are functional. The intended audience is more on the scholarly side

versus the general public. The author of this article is the American Psychological

Association, which makes them qualified to write about this topic. The purpose of this

article is to inform and teach. This source is important because it lists out possible signs

and symptoms associated with Schizophrenia and this article gives a paragraph of

information about how a psychologist could possibly help a person diagnosed with

Schizophrenia. There were no biases.

Mortensen, P. B., Pedersen, C. B., Westergaard, T., Wolhfahrt, J., Ewald, H., Moris, O., .

. . Melbye, M. (1999, February 25). Effects of Family History and Place and

Season of Birth on the Risk of Schizophrenia NEJM. Retrieved March 08,

2017, from

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199902253400803#t=article

Summary: This article focused on how family history and even the place and season of

birth may be a cause of Schizophrenia. This article could possibly help with answering

the research question at hand because this was an actual study done. Some of the results

found from the study was that having a parent or sibling diagnosed with Schizophrenia

was associated with the highest relative risk of potentially having Schizophrenia. The

article ends with a discussion over the study and the results and it eventually leads to the

conclusion that heredity was not the highest risk factor associated with Schizophrenia it

was the season and place of birth.

Evaluation: The article was not revised at all because it was a study. The intended

audience is scholarly and the purpose of this article was to show the results of a study that

was done around the subject of Schizophrenia. The studys results were interesting and

this source is important because the study and the results could possibly help answer the

research question at hand. The authors of this study were the New England Journal of

Medicine and there were no biased found with in this source. There were no biases.
Kilian S, Burns JK, Seedat S, Asmal L, Chiliza B, Du Plessis S, et al. (2017) Factors

Moderating the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Premorbid

Adjustment in First- Episode Schizophrenia. PLoS ONE 12(1): e0170178.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170178

Summary: This article focused on the idea about how childhood trauma is a recognized

risk factor for Schizophrenia. Any type of traumatic event that a child may go through

can interfere with the development of the brain and eventually those abnormalities of the

brain can lead a child to develop Schizophrenia later in life. There were several

correlations found between different trauma types and both social and academic

premorbid adjustment from childhood to late adolescence.

Evaluation: This was the first current article that I had found and it was published on

January 20, 2017. The intended audience is scholarly because it was found through the

librarys database. There are many authors that contributed to this article and each author

is from the Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University. The purpose of this article

was to teach and inform a reader about Schizophrenia. This source is important because

this article could potentially help answer the research question at hand. There were no

biased.
Lips, E. S., L. N. Cornelisse, R. F. Toonen, J. L. Min, C. M. Hultman, P. A.Holmans, M.

C. O'donovan, S. M. Purcell, A. B. Smit, M. Verhage, P. F. Sullivan, P. M.

Visscher, and D. Posthuma. "Functional gene group analysis identifies synaptic gene

groups as risk factor for schizophrenia." Molecular Psychiatry 17.10 (2011):

996-1006. Web.ses.

Summary: This article helps focus on a specific gene that may contribute to a person

being diagnosed with Schizophrenia. There are specific questions being asked and

answered directly in the text of the article. At the very end of the discussion the results

suggested that multiple genes involved in synaptic functioning are associate with a person

being diagnosed with Schizophrenia.

Evaluation: Molecular Psychiatry published this journal and the information has been

revised. The intended audience is scholarly because this source was found on the libraries

databases. The purpose of this article was to look closer into what genes, if any, make

certain people premorbid to Schizophrenia versus other people. This article was

important because it could be a big part of what might answer the research question at

hand. There were no biases.

Cynakr , A. (2007 , September). Dropping In, Climbing Back . Retrieved March 08,

2017, from http://www.apa.org/monitor/sep07/droppingin.aspx

Summary: This article from the American Psychological Association focuses in on what

a Drop-In Center is and more specifically how a Drop-In Center can benefit a person

diagnosed with Schizophrenia. These Drop-In Centers are consumer run facilities which

means that most of the decisions made about the center is made by those who use the

services of the center. This article gives quotes from people who have been to Drop-In

Centers and quotes from professionals that have been involved with Drop-In Centers.

Evaluation: This article was published by the American Psychological Association and

written by Amy Cynkar in 2007. The intended audience is the general public and the

intention of this article was to inform the reader about what a Drop-In Center is and how

it can help a person with Schizophrenia. This article is important because it can give

potential ideas of how a person diagnosed with Schizophrenia can cope with the

symptoms and/or psychological problems associated with the disease. There are no biases

found in this article.

Lieberman, J. A. (2005, September 22). Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients

with Chronic Schizophrenia NEJM. Retrieved March 08, 2017, from

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa051688#t=article

Summary: This article is a study that was conducted by the New England Journal of

Medicine that looked at how effective antipsychotic drugs were with patients who were

diagnosed with chronic Schizophrenia. There were different drugs tested and it was found

in the results that some most people stopped the drug regimen because of the negative

side effects associated with certain drugs. Most of the side effects were that the patient

gained weight and increased glycosylated hemoglobin. It is up to the patient to weigh the

trade-offs of the medication.

Evaluation: The New England Journal of Medicine published this article on September

22, 2005. The intended audience is more scholarly when compared to the general public

because it is a specific study about antipsychotic drugs. The intention of this article was

to compare and contrast the effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs on patients with

Schizophrenia. This article is important because it gives more information on how a

person with Schizophrenia may subside his or her symptoms associated with

Schizophrenia. There were no biases found in this article.

N. (2017). Schizophrenia . Retrieved March 08, 2017, from

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia-booklet/index.shtml

Summary: This article from the National Institute of Mental Health provides the reader

with an abundance of information concerning the subject of Schizophrenia. There are a

couple paragraphs in particular that focus specifically on when Schizophrenia starts and

whom it may affect. Within these paragraphs the article points out that Schizophrenia is

diagnosed differently when comparing males to females and that overall Schizophrenia

may be difficult to diagnose at all. This article is also good at clearing up some common

stigma associated with Schizophrenia, an example being that people who have

Schizophrenia are violent.

Evaluation: The National Institute of Mental Health published this article and this

association has enough credentials to write about the subject of Schizophrenia. The

intended audience is general/popular because this website is available to the public. The

intention of the author was to inform and teach the audience about Schizophrenia. This

source is important because there is a lot of information about Schizophrenia that is not

commonly talked about. An example being is that this article talks about Schizophrenia

being associated with other subjects like suicide, violence, and substance use disorders.

There are no biases found.

Gulli, L. F., & Laberge, M. (2011). Schizophrenia. In L. J. Fundukian (Ed.), The Gale

Encyclopedia of Medicine (4th ed., Vol. 5, pp. 3857-3863). Detroit: Gale.

Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.lib.ottawa.edu/ps/i.do?

p=GVRL&sw=w&u=klnb_ottaw univ&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE

%7CCX1919601530&asid=5a12fcb304d8744047e b6cad360ea0c

Summary: This article talked about many different aspects of Schizophrenia because it

was full of information. This article points out that there are two different types of

Schizophrenia: Type I and Type II then gives a brief explanation/definition of both types.

Then the article goes even further into breaking down each classification of

Schizophrenia: Paranoid, Disorganized, Catatonic, Undifferentiated, and Residual. The

information from this article has not been mentioned in any other article that has been

collected for this research essay.

Evaluation: This article was found through the library database, from the Gale Health

eReference option. This article is from The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, which makes

the intended audience scholarly and the authors credentials also scholarly. The intention

of this article is to inform and teach the reader about Schizophrenia. This source is

important because this source talks about the different types of Schizophrenia and how

Schizophrenia is classified which has not been included in any other articles. There are no

biases found.
Wienclaw, R. A., & Frey, R. J. (2012). CATIE. In K. Key (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia

of Mental Health (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 289-294). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from

http://go.galegroup.com.lib.ottawa.edu/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=klnb_ottaw

univ&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX4013200089&asid=c07187e9f6a3d22218b

aaf118ddbd64

Summary: This article talks about a study done in an above article but this version is

easier to understand. This article talks about The Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of

Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) Schizophrenia Study, which compared and contrasted

specific antipsychotic drugs and those drugs effectiveness for people who have

Schizophrenia. The CATIE studies wanted to evaluate the effectiveness and side effects

of newer antipsychotic drugs in comparison to conventional drugs. The results were the

same as the other article.

Evaluation: This article was found through the library database from the Gale Health

eReference option. It is assumed that the authors are credible authors because of where

this article came from the library database and the intended audience is scholarly. The

purpose of this article was to tell the reader about the CATIE trials and to compare and

contrast conventional antipsychotic drugs to atypical or newer antipsychotic drugs. This

source is important because it clears up some questions from the other article that talked

about the same trials. There were no biases found.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT). (2001). In B. Strickland (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia

of Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 209-210). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from

http://go.galegroup.com.lib.ottawa.edu/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=klnb_ottaw

univ&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX3406000215&asid=d8c87e4d0231a49df83

3bbb7ed4cfbf

Summary: This article talks about what electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is and how this

type of therapy could help suppress or even relieve the symptoms that are associated with

Schizophrenia. The article also points out the entire load of negative stigma that is

associated with the use of ECT because ECT was once misused and preformed on

patients who would not benefit in any way from its effects. It is pointed out that ECT is

still used today and that many people in the United States receive this type of therapy on

an annually basis.

Evaluation: This source came from the library database, from the Gale Health

eReference option. The authors are assumed to be qualified because this article came

from a database versus on the Internet itself and the intended audience is scholarly. The

intention of the author was to teach and inform the reader that ECT is not the same as it

use to be and how it can help patients affected by Schizophrenia. This source is important

because it shows yet another way to suppress the symptoms of Schizophrenia. There were

no biases found.
Jones, M. (2017, March 06). 5 Ridiculous Myths You Probably Believe About

Schizophrenia. Retrieved March 08, 2017, from

https://www.socialworkhelper.com/2017/03/06/5-ridiculous-myths-probably

believe-schizophrenia/

Summary: This article focuses on five commonly believed myths that are associated

with the subject of Schizophrenia. Along with each myth is a paragraph that debunks the

myth. For example, the first myth is that people who have Schizophrenia are dangerous

and violent. In the paragraph that follows the article points out that aggression is

associated with Schizophrenia but it is not as tightly knit as what the media portrays it to

be.

Evaluation: This article is from the Social Work Helper website and the author Mike

Jones does not have any professional credentials. What Mike Jones does have is a short

bio that says his area of expertise is the subject of Schizophrenia. The intended audience

is the general public and the purpose of this article is to disprove commonly believed

negative stigma that is associated with Schizophrenia. This article is important because it

is something that gives other information about the subject. There were no biases found.