TEST FOR CATIONS

Test Solution + 1M Test Solution + 1 M

NaOH NH3

with no with no
precipitate precipitate precipitate precipitate
Cu2+: blue NH4+ Cu2+: blue NH4+
Fe3+: brown Fe3+: brown Ca2+
Ca2+: white Zn2+: white

Excess NaOH Excess NH3

dissolved ppt undissolved dissolved ppt undissolved

Zn2+ ppt Cu2+ ppt
Cu2+ Zn2+ Fe3+
Fe3+

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR CATIONS

1. Cu2+: test solution + excess NH3 = deep blue complex

2. Fe3+: test solution + 0.1M KSCN = blood red complex
test solution + K4Fe(CN)6 = dark blue precipitate
3. Ca2+: test solution + 0.1M (NH4)2C2O4 = white precipitate
4. NH4+: test solution in evap dish + 1M NaOH --> cover with watch glass w LP--
> red-->blue
5. Zn2+: test solution + K3Fe(CN)6 = yellow precipitate
test solution + K4Fe(CN)6 = white precipitate

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TEST FOR ANIONS

Test Solution + 1M CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR
Ba(NO3)2 ANIONS

1. CO32-: ppt + 1M CH3COOH =

ppt dissolves with
with no
effervescence
precipitate precipitate
CO32- I- 2. PO43-: ppt + 1M CH3COOH =
PO43- SCN-
SO42- Br-
 ppt dissolves without white precipitate
effervescence 3. SO42-: ppt + 1M CH3COOH =
test solution + 0.1M ppt remains undissolved
MgCl2 =
TEST FOR CATIONS WITHOUT PRECIPITATE

Test Solution + 1M HNO3 + x +

toluene

0.1M 0.1M
Fe(NO3)3 KMnO4
Aqueou Toluene Aqueou Toluene
s s
I- Yellow Pink I- Yellow Pink
SCN -
Blood Colorle Brown
Red ss SCN- Peach Colorle
Br -
Yellow Colorle ss
ss Br- Yellow Yellow
NO3 -
Yellow Colorle Brown
NO3- Yellow Colorle

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ANIONS

1. I-: test solution + 1M HNO3 + 0.1M Fe(NO3)3 + toluene = pink toluene layer
2. SCN-: test solution + 1M HNO3 + 0.1M Fe(NO3)3 + toluene = blood red
aqueous layer
3. Br-: test solution + 1M HNO3 + 0.1M KMnO4 + toluene = yellow/orange
toluene layer
4. NO3-: test solution + 6M H2SO4, FeSO4 --> tilt to 60 --> 18M H2SO4 = brown
ring