تصميم الكمرات الخرسانية PDF

Design of R. C.
Beams
Beams
ALB Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Design of R. C. Beams
Solid Slabs
Hollow Block Slabs
Slabs
Flat Slabs
Paneled Beam system
Structural
Simple Beam or Continuous Be. or Cantilever Beam
Sys.
Members Beams
of Position ref.
Dropped Beam or Inverted Beam or Hidden Beam
to slab
Concrete
Construction Loads
Axially Loaded Col. or Eccentric Loaded Col.
Design
Column Long Column or Short Column
Section
Rectangular Column or Circular Column
Bracing
Braced Column or Unbraced Column
Isolated Footing
Combined Footing
Shallow found.
Strip Footing
Footing
Raft/ Mat found.
Friction Pile
Deep found.
Bearing Pile
Beams
Simple Beam Continuous Beam Cantilever Beam
Simple Beam Continuous Beam Continuous Beam Cantilever Beam

- one end - - two ends -


Cross Sections of Beams

Beams
Referring to its position comparing to slabs
Dropped Beam Inverted Beam Hidden Beam

: slab
.
Beams
Referring to its position comparing to slabs
Dropped Beam Inverted Beam Hidden Beam

Intermediate Beam
1 1 2 1 2 2
T Sec. R Sec. R Sec. T Sec.
Dropped Inverted Dropped Inverted

Beam Beam Beam Beam
Sec. 1 Sec. 2
Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

1 1 2 1 2 2
Internal Beam
Sec. 1 Sec. 2
) T Sec.) ) R Sec.)
Edge Beam
1 1 2 1 2 2
L Sec. R Sec. R Sec. L Sec.
Dropped Inverted Dropped Inverted

Beam Beam Beam Beam
Sec. 1 Sec. 2

Edge Beam 1 1 2 1 2 2
Sec. 1 Sec. 2
) L Sec.) ) R Sec.)

Load Distribution
S9
S8
S7
S6
S3
S5
S2
S4
S1
S9
S8
S7
S6
S3
S5
S2
S4
S1
Load Distribution from one-way slab

L
2.0
LS
L
One direction One direction One direction
2-sides 2-sides 1-side
LS LS LC
One-way slab Cantilever one-way slab
Different Cases for One-way Slab

Load Distribution from one-way slab
L
One-way S. Slab 2.00
Ls
WB2 = 1.4 ( O. Wt B2 + Wwall ) t/m\
L B2 Ls
L
W Wu S x S 1.4 x O.Wt W
2
Ls
B2
B1
B1 Wall
B1
B1 L
WB2 = 1.4 ( O. Wt B2 + Wwall ) t/m\

L
B2 Ls
Ls
B1
B2 W
B1

s
L
2 s
C

Wu x S Wu x L 1.4 x O.Wt W
B1

Wall

Lc
B1
L
Cantilever Slab
Load Distribution from two-way slab
L
Two-way S. Slab 2.00
Ls
L
Ls Load from slab B2
B1
L
Ls
B2
B1
Load Distribution from two-way slab

L Ca ( 1 -
1
Two-way S. Slab 2.00 2
( Ls / L )) for Shear
Ls 1
Ce ( 1 - ( Ls / L ) 2 ) for Moment
3
L for Trapezoidal Load only
Ls
B2 B1
L
B1
Wa B1 Wu S X Ls
x Ca 1.4 x O.Wt B1 O.Wt Wall t/m\
2
Wa
Equivalent load for Shear (Wa or W)
L
WeB1 Wu S x Ls
x Ce 1.4 x O.Wt B1 O.Wt Wall t/m\
2
Equivalent load for Moment ( We or W) We
L Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy
Ca 1 2 for Shear
L Ce 2 3 for Moment
for Triangle Load only
Ls
B2
B2
Ls
B1
Wa B 2 Wu S x Ls
x Ca 1.4 x O.Wt B2 O.Wt Wall t/m\
2
Equivalent load for Shear (Wa or Wa
W)
LS
WeB 2 Wu S x Ls
x Ce 1.4 x O.Wt B2 O.Wt Wall t/m\
2
Equivalent load f or Moment (We or W ) We
LS
Special Cases of Loading

L
1. L1
2 or
L1 L1
L L
WB
WB Load for Moment Load for Shear
L
Area

L

x Wu s 1.4 x O.Wt W
B wall

L
2. L1
2 or
L1 L1
L L
WB

L1 Area
x Wu s 1.4 x O.Wt W

L L1 B wall

3.
L L

Area
Span

x Wu s 1.4 x O.Wt
beam
W
wall

WB
L
4.
WB Ca 1/2
WB Ca 1/2
Ce 1/3 Ce 1/2
Area
WB WB x Wus
Ca 1/2 Span
Ce 2/3

Main and Secondary Beams

Beams
Main Beam Secondary Beam

Main Beams
Main Beam

Secondary Beams
Secondary
Beam

Main and Secondary Beams
B2
B1
B2
B4
B5
B6
B3
Col.
Col.
Col.
Col.
Beam
Beam
Beam
Col.
Col.
Col.
Col.
Beam
Beam
Col.
Col.
Col.
Col.
Beam
Col.
Col.
Col.

Load from Slabs on Beams
B2
B1
B2
B4
B5
B6
B3
Col.
Col.
Col.
Col.
Beam
Beam
Col.
Beam
Col.
Col.
Col.
Beam
Beam
Col.
Col.
Col.
Col.
Beam
Col.
Col.
Col.


Design of Beams

Load Values
1. Dead Load (D.L)
From Slab 1 - Own weight of slab (O.Wt)
W VConcrete x R. Concrete 1.00 m
t x 1.0 x 1.0 *
s
R.C
2.5 t/m 3
& 2.2 t/m 3 1.00 m
R.C P .C
2 - floor cover ( F.C )

FL. C. 150 kg/m 2 0.15 t/m 2 ts
1 - Own weight of Beam ( WB O . Wt )
From Beam
WB O . Wt VConcrete x R. Concrete t B x b x
R.C
Wwall Vwall x Wall t w x b w x h x

From Walls Wall
Wall 1200 1500 t/m3 b w 12 25 cm
2. Live Load ( L .L )
according to code
3. Total Load ( T.L )
WBeam (t/m) = (Wall Wt. + O. Wt.Beam ) x 1.4 + Wus (From slab)
Live Load Values According to Egyptian Code

Estimation of tB
tB min = 40 cm
Continuous Slab Continuous Slab Cantilever Beam
Simple Slab From tow side
From one side
for High Tensile Steel 400/600 (H.T.S)
t B min = Leff / 16 Leff / 18 Leff / 21 Lc / 5
it is required to check deflection if the span < 10 m
for any other steel type fy / fu
t B min = previous values ( 0.4 + fy / 650)

Value of tB
Continuous Slab Continuous Slab Cantilever Beam

Simple Slab From tow side
From one side
Generally
t B = span / 10 span / 12 Lc / 5
but not less than 40 cm

Moment Values
Wu t/m\
Wu x L2
min M + ve =
8 LS
Empirical values for B.M (Max difference in load & span 20% and D.L >L.L )
2
WL2 /24 WL2 /24 W1L21/24 WL2 /9 W2 L 2 /24
2 2
WL2 /8 W1L1 /11 W2 L 2 /11
Simply supported continuous two spans
W1L21/24 WL2 /10 WL2 /12
2 2 2
W1L1 /12 W2 L 2 /16 W3L3 /16
continuous more than two spans
M support
In case of: difference in load or span 20%

W1 L'1 W2 L'2
3 3
W1 W2
Uniform Load Msupport
8.5 ( L'1 L'2 ) m m
L1 L2
a1 a2
P1 P2
k P L' k 2 P2 L'2
2 2
Concentrat ed Load Msupport 1 1 1
( L'1 L'2 ) L1 m L2 m
L = L L = 0.8L
m L m
L
a1 / L1 & a2 / L2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

K1 & k2 0.168 0.182 0.176 0.158 0.128
Shear Values
Simply supported beam

0.5 W L
+ b
S.F.D a
-
0.5 W L
Lm
Continuous two spans

0.4 W1 L1 0.6 W2 L2
S.F.D a + b + C
- -
0.6 W1 L1 0.4 W2 L2
L1 m L2 m
Continuous more than two spans

0.4 W1 L1 0.5 W2 L2 0.5 W3 L3
+ b + C +
S.F.D a
- --
0.6 W1 L1 0.5 W2 L2
L1 m L2 m L3 m

Estimation of b
Rectangular section R-sec.
Possible cases of b T - sec. internal beam

L - sec. edge beam
Mu
Values of b : d C1
Fcu . b
T - sec. L - sec.
R - sec. CL. to CL. CL. to CL.

Least of : 16 t s + b 6ts+b
b
L2 / 5 + b L2 / 10 + b
L2 = L L2 = 0.8 L L2 = 0.7 L L2 = 2 L

Design of Section
Given : M u , ts , b =100 cm , Fcu , Fy
Req. : As
d = ts - c (cover) c = 20 - 50 mm
Mu
d C1 C1 ..... J .....
Fcu . b
Mu
As ........ cm 2 / m
J . d . fy
AS min = 0.15 % Ac H.T.S 360/520

= 0.25 % Ac for Mild steel 240/350
AS max = 0.4 % Ac recommended
Ac = b x d
C1 & J


Shear Behavior of Beams

Choice of Shear Values

Chose the larger value of shear along the beam span - axis Qmax
Q1
0.5 W L
+ b
Simply supported beam S.F.D a
-
0.5 W L
Lm Q2
Q1 0.4 W1 L1 Q3 0.6 W2 L2
Continuous two spans S.F.D a + b + C
- -
Q2 0.6 W1 L1 Q4 0.4 W2 L2
L1 m L2 m
Continuous more than two spans

Q1 0.4 W1 L1 Q3 0.5 W2 L2 Q5 0.5 W3 L3
+ b + C +
S.F.D a
- --
Q2 0.6 W1 L1 Q4 0.5 W2 L2
L1 m L2 m L3 m

Critical Sections of Shear

we may use previous values Qmax. (more safe)
or take the accurate values Qcr. (safe) as follow:
Simple or Continuous Beam Cantilever Beam
Check of Shear at critical sections

Shear Limitations of Beams

Check of Shear

Cases of qu

Check of Shear

Where :




Reinforcing Rebars


Simple Beam
4+2


Simple Beam
2+2+2


Simple Beam
1
5
6
3
4 7

Cantilever Beam
5
1
2 6
7
3




Reinforcement Detailing


Using Straight Rebars
Simple Beam


2-spans Beam


More than 2-spans Beam


Over hanging Beam


Cantilever Beam


Using Bent Rebars
Simple Beam


Using Bent Rebars
2-spans Beam


Using Bent Rebars
More than 2-spans Beam


Using Bent Rebars
Cantilever Beam
Case 1
Case 2


Example:
For the given plan it is required to:
Calculate loads for slabs & Beams
Data:
FL.C = 150 kg/m2
L.L = 300 kg/m2
Steel Grade 360/520
Solution:
Slabs S1 ts = 400/40 = 10 cm
To have slab thickness ts S2 ts = 300/45 = 6.67 cm take ts = 12 cm
S3 ts = 500/45 = 11.1 cm
D.L = (0.12 m * 2.5 t/m3 )+ 0.15 t/m2 = 0.45 t/m2

L.L = 0.3 t/m2
Wus = 1.4 x 0.45 t/m2 + 1.6 x 0.3 t/m2 = 1.11 t/m2

6
For S1 r 1.5
4
trapezoidal Ca = 0.67 & Ce = 0.85
triangle Ca = 1/2 & Ce = 2/3
For S2 r 4 1.33
3
6
For S3 r 1.2
5
5
For S4 r 1.67
3

Beams
B4 tB = span / 10 = 600 / 10 = 60 cm
W4 ( Wa & We) t/m\
take tB = 60 cm B1 B2
O. wt. of beam = 0.25 x 0.6 x 2.5 t/m3 = 0.375 t/m 6m
Wall weight = Wwall = 0.25 (width) x 2.7 (height) x 1.8 (wall = 1.2 1.8 t/m3) = 1.2 t/m\
L
Wa 4 We 4 Wu s x s 1.4 x O. wt. 1.4 x W wall
2
1.5 m
1.11 t/m 2 x 1.4 x 0.375 t/m 1.4 x 1.2 2.95 t/m'
2
2.95 t/m\
B1 B2
8.85 t 6m 8.85 t
B. M. D.
13.275 m.t

8.85 t
B1
Part ab a b c
d
Wa1 Wu s x s x Ca 1.4 x O. wt 1.4 x W wall
L
2 4m 5m 1.5 m
1
x 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 3.228 t/m'
4m
1.11 t/m2 x
2 2

We1 Wu s x s x Ce 1.4 x O. wt 1.4 x W wall
L
2
2
x 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 3.605 t/m'
4m
1.11 t/m2 x
2 3
Part bc

Wa1 Wu s x s x Ca 1.4 x O. wt 1.4 x W wall
L
2
1
x 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 3.505 t/m'
5m
1.11 t/m2 x
2 2

We1 Wu s x s x Ce 1.4 x O. wt 1.4 x W wall
L
2
2
x 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 3.977 t/m
5m
1.11 t/m 2 x
2 3
Part cd
Wa3 We3 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 2.1175 t/m'
8.85 t
B1
3.228 t/m\ 3.505 t/m\
Shear
G1 G2 G3
4m 5m 1.5 m
Moment Values of B1 8.85 t
3.605 t/m\ 3.977 t/m\ 2.1175 t/m\

Moment
G1 G2 G3
4m 5m 1.5 m
Msupp. = 9.514 m.t W1L12/9 P x Lc + WcLc2 / 2 = 15.66 m.t

or
W2L22/9 WcLc2 / 2
B. M. D.
5.244 m.t W1L12/11 W2L22/11 6.214 m.t

B2
tB = span / 12 = 500 / 12 = 41.67cm R B4
take tB = 50 cm a b c
d
O. wt. of beam = 0.25 x 0.5 x 2.5 t/m3 = 0.3125 t/m\
4m 5m 1.5 m
Part ab

Wa2 Wu s x s x Ca 1.4 x O. wt. 1.4 x W wall
L
2
4m 1 3m
1.11 t/m2 x x 1.11 t/m 2 x x 0.63 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 4.276 t/m'
2 2 2
4.275 t/m\ 4.475 t/m\ 2.1175 t/m\
Shear

x Ce 1.4 x O.wt 1.4 x W wall
Ls
We2 Wu s x 4m 5m 1.5 m
2
4m 2 3m
1.11 t/m 2 x x 1.11 t/m 2 x x 0.81 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 4.954 t/m'
2 3 2
4.954 t/m \ 5.257 t/m\ 2.1175 t/m\
Part bc Moment
4m 5m 1.5 m
5m 1 3m
Wa2 1.11 t/m2 x x 1.11 t/m2 x x 0.582 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 4.475 t/m'
2 2 2
4m 2 3m
We2 1.11 t/m2 x x 1.11 t/m2 x x 0.769 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 5.257 t/m'
2 3 2
Part cd
Wa2 We2 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m 1.4 x 1.2 2.1175 t/m'
8.85 t
B2 4.275 t/m\ 4.475 t/m\ 2.1175 t/m\
Shear
G1 G2 G3
4m 5m
1.5 m
+ 8.85 t
0.4x4.276x4 = 6.84 t 0.6x4.475x5 = 13.43 t 3.176 t
Wc Lc 8.85 t
Q1 0.4 W1 L1 Q3 0.6 W2 L2
S.F.D a + b + C
- -
Q2 0.6 W1 L1 Q4 0.4 W2 L2
L1 m L2 m
0.6x4.276x4 = 10.26 t 0.4x4.475x5 + 8.85 = 17.8 t
8.85 t
Moment Values of B2
4.954 t/m\ 5.257 t/m\ 2.1175 t/m\
4m 5m 1.5 m
W1L12/9 = 8.81 m.t P x Lc + WcLc2 / 2 = 15.66 m.t

Msupp. = 12.734 m.t or
W2L22/9 = 14.61 m.t WcLc2 / 2
B. M. D.
6.656 m.t W1L12/11 W2L22/11 10.67 m.t
B3 a b c
Part ab

Wu s x s x Ca 1.4 x O. wt 1.4 x W wall
L
Wa3 Left Span
2

1.11 t/m 2 x
3m

x 0.63 1.11 t/m2 x 1 m 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 4.276 t/m'
2

Wu s x s x Ce 1.4 x O. wt 1.4 x W wall
L
We3 Left Span
2

1.11 t/m 2 x
3m

x 0.81 1.11 t/m2 x 1 m 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 4.576 t/m'
2
Part bc

Wu s x s x Ca 1.4 x O. wt 1.4 x W wall
L
Wa3 RightSpan
2

1.11 t/m 2 x
3m

x 0.701 1.11 t/m2 x 1 m 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 4.395 t/m'
2

Wu s x s x Ce 1.4 x O. wt 1.4 x W wall
L
We3 RightSpan
2

1.11 t/m 2 x
3m

x 0.881 1.11 t/m2 x 1 m 1.4 x 0.3125 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 4.694 t/m'
2

B3
4.276 t/m\ 4.395 t/m\
Shear
G1 G2 G3
4m 5m
Moment Values of B3
4.576 t/m\ 4.694 t/m\

Moment
G1 G2 G3
4m 5m
W1L12/9
or 13.04 m.t
W2L22/9
B. M. D.
W1L12/11 W2L22/11
6.656 m.t 10.67 m.t

Main Beams (Girders)

RB2
tG = span / 10 = 900 / 10 = 90 cm
take tG = 90 cm
O. wt. of main beam/ girder = 0.25 x 0.9 x 2.5 t/m3 = 0.5625 t/m\
6.842 t
WG1 (wa = we = 3.732 t/m)
G1
6.0 m 3.0 m
RB2 at point a = 0.4 x (4.267 t/m\ x 4 m) = 6.842 t
WG1 Wa G1 We G1
Area 1.4 x O. wt 1.4 x W
wall
Span
2 m 6 m 1
1.11 t/m 2 x x 2 m x 3 m x 1.5 m
2 2 1.4 x 0.5625 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 3.732 t/m'
9m

RB2
G1
6.842 t
WG1 (wa = we = 3.732 t/m)
19.075 t 6.0 m 3.0 m 21.36 t
B. M. D.
47.29 m.t
Mmax = 48.75 m.t
Distance 5.11 m from left supp.

RB2
23.69 t
WG2 (wa = we = 4.997 t/m\)
G2
6.0 m 3.0 m
RB2 at point b = Wa2 * L = 4.276 t/m\ x 4 m + 4.475 t/m\ x 5 m = 23.69 t
Wa G2 Wa G2 We G2
wall
Span
2 m 6 m 1 m 6 m 1
1.11 t/m 2 x x 2 m x 2.5 m x 3 m x 1.5 m x 2
2 2 2
1.4 x 0.5625 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2 4.884 t/m'
9m

G2
RB2
23.69 t
WG2 (wa = we = 4.997 t/m)
29.87 t 6.0 m 3.0 m 37.77 t
B. M. D.
91.33 m.t

20.455 t
G3 WG3 (wa = we = 4.38 t/m\)
RB2 at point c = 0.4 x W L + P + M/L = 6.842 t
RB2 at point c = 0.4 x 4.475 x 5 + 8.85 + (8.85x1.5 + (2.1175 x (Lc 2 /2))/5) = 20.455 t
WG3 Wa G3 We G3
wall
Span
1 m 6 m 1 1.5
1.11 t/m 2 x x 2.5 m x 3 m x 1.5 m x 6 m
2 2 2
1.4 x 0.5625 t/m' 1.4 x 1.2
9m
4.38 t/m'

G3
20.455 t
WG3 (wa = we = 4.38 t/m\)
26.53 t 33.35 t
B. M. D.
80.34 m.t

Moment Values of beams
Wubeam t/m\
WL2 /24 WL2 /24 WL2 /24 WL2 /9 WL2 /24
WL2 /8 WL2 /11 WL2 /11
WL2 /24 WL2 /10 WL2 /12
2
WL /12 WL2 /16 WL2 /16

تصميم الكمرات الخرسانية PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

تصميم الكمرات الخرسانية PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design of R. C.

ALB Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Simple Beam Continuous Beam Cantilever Beam

Simple Beam Continuous Beam Continuous Beam Cantilever Beam

ALB Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

ALB Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Dropped Beam Inverted Beam Hidden Beam

Dropped Beam Inverted Beam Hidden Beam

ALB Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

T Sec. R Sec. R Sec. T Sec.

Dropped Inverted Dropped Inverted

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

L Sec. R Sec. R Sec. L Sec.

Dropped Inverted Dropped Inverted

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Load Distribution from one-way slab

Different Cases for One-way Slab

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Load Distribution from one-way slab

WB2 = 1.4 ( O. Wt B2 + Wwall ) t/m\

Load Distribution from two-way slab

Ls Load from slab B2

Load Distribution from two-way slab

Special Cases of Loading

WB Load for Moment Load for Shear

ALB Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Main Beam Secondary Beam

ALB Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

ALB Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

2 - floor cover ( F.C )

Wwall Vwall x Wall t w x b w x h x

Wall 1200 1500 t/m3 b w 12 25 cm

Live Load Values According to Egyptian Code

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

for High Tensile Steel 400/600 (H.T.S)

t B min = Leff / 16 Leff / 18 Leff / 21 Lc / 5

it is required to check deflection if the span < 10 m

for any other steel type fy / fu

t B min = previous values ( 0.4 + fy / 650)

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Continuous Slab Continuous Slab Cantilever Beam

but not less than 40 cm

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

W1L21/24 WL2 /10 WL2 /12

In case of: difference in load or span 20%

a1 / L1 & a2 / L2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Simply supported beam

Continuous two spans

Continuous more than two spans

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Rectangular section R-sec.

Possible cases of b T - sec. internal beam

R - sec. CL. to CL. CL. to CL.

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

AS min = 0.15 % Ac H.T.S 360/520

AS max = 0.4 % Ac recommended

Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

ALB Dr. Eng. ALaa Ali Bashandy

Choice of Shear Values