INTRODUCTION

Geotechnical laboratory is all about the soil the experiment conducted to tests the
properties of soil. These tests are done to find out the suitability of soil for the construction
projects. Distinctive soils with comparable properties might be arranged into gatherings and sub-
bunches as per their designing conduct. Arrangement frameworks give a typical dialect to
compactly express the general attributes of soils, which are boundlessly changed, without
itemized portrayals.
The majority of the dirt characterization frameworks that have been produced for
designing reasons for existing depend on basic file properties, for example, molecule estimate
dispersion and versatility. Albeit a few grouping frameworks are currently being used, none is
absolutely complete of any dirt for every single conceivable application on account of the wide
assorted qualities of soil properties.
For this subject we have to conducted 5 difference test which is;

1) Consolidation test
This test is performed to determine the magnitude and rate of volume decrease that a
laterally confined soil specimen undergoes when subjected to different vertical pressures.
From the measured data, the consolidation curve (pressure-void ratio relationship) can be
plotted. This data is useful in determining the compression index, the recompression
index and the preconsolidation pressure (or maximum past pressure) of the soi. In
addition, the data obtained can also be used to determine the coefficient of consolidation
and the coefficient of secondary compression of the soil.

2) Soil Clasification
i. Sieve Analysis - The sieve analysis determines the grain size distribution curve of
soil sample by passing them through a stack of sieves of decreasing mesh opening
sizes and by measuring the weight retained on each sieve. The sieve analysis is
generally applied to the soil fraction larger than 75m.

ii. Atterberg Limits - The Atterberg limits are a basic measure of the critical water
contents of a fine-grained soil: its shrinkage limit, plastic limit, and liquid limit.
As a dry, clayey soil takes on increasing amounts of water, it undergoes distinct
changes in behavior and consistency.
 3) Permeability Test
i. Constant Head To determine permeability of sands and gravels containing little
or no silt. The constant head permeability cell is intended for testing disturbed
granular soils which are recompacted into the cell, either by using a specified
compactive effort, or to achieve a certain dry density, i.e. void ratio.

ii. Falling Head - This test is to determine permeability of soils of intermediate and
low permeability. In the falling head test a relatively short sample is connected to
a standpipe which provides both the head of water and the means of measuring
the quantity of water flowing through the sample. Several standpipes of different
diameters are normally available from which can be selected the diameter most
suitable for the type of material being tested.

4) Shear Strength
i. Shear Box - This test is to determine the parameter of shear strength of soil,
cohesion, c and angle of friction, for sand.

ii. Unconfined Compression Test - To determine the shear strength of the cohesive
soil. The unconfined compressive strength, qu is defined as the maximum unit
axial compressive stress at failure or at 20% strain, whichever occurs first. The
unconfined compression test is very popular and used worldwide. It is simple test
where atmospheric pressure surrounds the soil sample. The test is also called an
unconsolidated-undrained (U or UU) test.

5) Field Density
i. Sand Replacement This test is to determine the in situ density of natural or
compacted soil using sand pouring cylinders.

ii. Core Cutter To determine dry density of soils by using core cutter method.

Conclusion
 From this subject, we can conclude that all the test that have been conducted is to
determine the properties of the soil and find out the suitability of soil for the construction. The
type of experiment conducted have difference way of obtaining the data of the soil such as the
moisture content, the density of the soil, the strength of the soil etc.
The experiment must be conducted carefully to avoid error when getting the data, and if
the result that obtain from the test is incorrect it is must our own mistake or the machine in the
lab that does not perform very well.