A LIBRARY RESEARCH

PAPER
IN
ENGLISH 2
(COMMUNICATION ARTS
2)

Submitted to:
Ms. Josefa L. Loresco
(Instructor)

Submitted by:
Mark Jayron C. Aquino
(BSCE-2, 1nd SEMESTER 2016-2017)
 CAUSE AND
EFFECT OF
CIGARETTE IN
ONES LIFE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 This research paper is made possible through the
help and support from everyone. First and foremost, I
would like to thank GOD for His unconditional guidance
and wisdom as I make my research.
Second, I would like to thank our instructor in
English, Ms. Josefa L. Loresco for her most support and
encouragement for giving us this research. This gives us
the experience on how to cooperate and engage
ourselves in a serious project.
Finally, I sincerely thank to my parents, family and
friends, who provide the advices. The product of this
research would not be possible without all of them.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY
Title Page..............i
Acknowledgement.......ii
Table of Contents........iii

CHAPTER I
Introduction..........1
Importance of the Study...2
Statement of the Problem.........3
Definition of Terms......4

CHAPTER II
I. Presentation of Data........
A. What is Cigarette Smoking.........5
B. What are the Contents of Cigarette.............6
C. History of Cigarette.....7
II. Effects of Technology...................
A. How Cigarette affects our Environment.........8
B. Effects of Cigarette of Human Body.....

1. Effects of smoking on the respiratory system........10

2. Effects of smoking on the circulatory system....10

3. Effects of smoking on the immune system....11

4. Effects of smoking on the sexual organs...11

5. Effects of smoking on the musculoskeletal system...12

6. Other effects of smoking on the body....12

CHAPTER III
I. Conclusion......13
II. Recommendation.......14
III. Bibliography15

INTRODUCTION

A cigarette is a small cylinder of finely

cut tobacco leaves rolled in thin paper for smoking. The
cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smolders;
its smoke is inhaled from the other end, which is held in
or to the mouth; in some cases, a cigarette holder may be
used, as well. Most modern manufactured cigarettes are
filtered and also include reconstituted tobacco and
other additives.
The term cigarette, as commonly used, refers to a
tobacco cigarette, but can apply to similar devices
containing other substances, such as cloves or cannabis.
A cigarette is distinguished from a cigar by its smaller
size, use of processed leaf, and paper wrapping, which is
normally white, though other colors and flavors are also
available. Cigars are typically composed entirely of
whole-leaf tobacco.

IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

One of the most common problems today that are

killing people, all over the world, is smoking. Many people
start this horrible habit because of stress, personal issues
and high blood pressure. Some people began showing off
or some people wanted to enjoy it.
One cigarette can result in smoking others, which
can lead to major addiction. When someone smokes a
cigarette they are not only hurting themselves, but others
around them. Smoking does many horrible things to the
human body that most people are not aware of.
Almost everyone knows that smoking causes cancer,
and heart disease; that it can shorten your life by 10
years or more; and that the habit can cost a smoker
thousands of dirhams a year.
So, why people are still smoking? The answer is
obviously, addiction. Smoking is a hard habit to break
because tobacco contains nicotine, which is highly
addictive.

STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
 Cigarettes has been used by many people all the
time, that has many effects on our lives.
The aim of this research paper is to answer the
questions below behind this problem.

What is cigarette smoking?

What are the content of a cigarette?
How cigarette affects the environment?
How cigarette affects human body?

Definition of Terms
1. Smoking -is the inhalation of the smoke of burning
tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars.
2. Tobacco -refers to the leaves of the tobacco plant that
have been dried and processed for people to roll up and
smoke.

3. Clove -the dried flower bud of a tropical tree, used as a

pungent aromatic spice.

4. Cannabis -a tall plant with a stiff upright stem, divided

serrated leaves, and glandular hairs. It is used to produce
hemp fiber and as a psychotropic drug.

5. Inhale- breathe in (air, gas, smoke, etc.)

6. Addiction -the fact or condition of being addicted to a

particular substance, thing, or activity.

7. Habit -a settled or regular tendency or practice,

especially one that is hard to give up.

8. Cancer -the disease caused by an uncontrolled division of

abnormal cells in a part of the body.

9. Nicotine -a toxic colorless or yellowish oily liquid that is

the chief active constituent of tobacco. It acts as a
stimulant in small doses, but in larger amounts blocks the
action of autonomic nerve and skeletal muscle cells.

I. Definition of Cigarette
A. What is Cigarette Smoking?
 Cigarette smoking is a leading contributor to death
and illness among Americans.

Significantly fewer than half of all American adults

smoke. Slightly more men smoke than women. Hispanics
and Asian Americans smoke less than whites or African
Americans. Less than one third of people ages 25 to 44
are current smokers.

Since 1964, when the Surgeon General issued the

first report outlining the health dangers of smoking, the
prevalence of smoking has dropped among adults. The
incidence of lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and
emphysema would become significantly less common if
people would stop smoking.

The Big Book of Cigarette Lighters: Identification &

Values Hardcover November, 2004, By James
Flanagan (Author)

B. What are the content of a

Cigarette?
 The smoke from a cigarette contains more than 4000
chemicals, which could have various toxic, mutagenic and
carcinogenic effects. The content and concentration of
chemical ingredients can vary widely from one brand or
type of cigarette to the next.

Below is a list of few of the chemicals and their harmful

effects.

Acetone Cyanide
Aluminum DDT/Dieldrin
Ammonia Ethenol
Arsenic Formaldehyde
Benzene Hydrogen cyanide

Butane Lead

Cadmium Methanol
Nicotine
Carbon monoxide
Tar
Carbon dioxide
Vinyl Chloride
Chloroform
C. History of Technology

The history of smoking dates back to as early as

5000 BC in the Americas in shamanistic rituals. With the
arrivals of the Europeans in the 16th century, the
consumption, cultivation, and trading of tobacco quickly
spread. With the modernization of farm equipment and
manufacturing bore the cigarette following
reconstruction in the United States. This method of
consumption quickly expanded the scope of consumption,
which grew until the scientific controversies of the 1960s,
and condemnation in the 1980s.

Cannabis was common in the Middle East before the

arrival of tobacco, and is known to have existed in at
least 2000 BC. Early consumption of cannabis was a
common social activity involving the type of water pipe
called a hookah.

Previously eaten for its medicinal

properties, opium smoking became widespread during
the 19th century from British trade with China. This
spawned the many infamous Opium dens. In the latter
half of the century, opium smoking became popular in the
artistic communities of Europe. While Opium dens
continued to exist throughout the world, the trend among
the Europeans abated during the First World War, and
among the Chinese during the Cultural Revolution.

Modernization of cigarette consumption and

increased life expectancy during the 1920s made adverse
health effects more noticeable. In 1929, Fritz Lickint of
Dresden, Germany, published formal statistical evidence
of a lung cancertobacco link, which subsequently led a
strong anti-smoking movement in Nazi Germany. The
subject remained largely taboo until 1954 with the British
Doctors Study, and in 1964 United States Surgeon
General's report. Tobacco became stigmatized, which led
to the largest civil settlement in United States history,
the Tobacco Master Settlement (MSA).

The Big Book of Cigarette Lighters: Identification &

Values Hardcover November, 2004, By James
Flanagan (Author)

II. Contribution of Technology

A. How Cigarette affects our
Environment
These days everyone knows what smoking cigarettes
does to our bodies, but the knowledge of what smoking
does to the Earth is.
It is fairly obvious that smoking pollutes the air and quite
often the ground. However, it is not always obvious how
or how much smoking pollutes. Cigarettes contain over
4000 chemicals which are exhaled and released into the
air and the atmosphere. Approximately 30% of North
Americans are smokers, and the percentage goes much
higher in developing countries, which means there is a
massive amount of pollution being released into the air
every day. Trees are often compared to the lungs in our
bodies because they perform basically the same
functions as our lungs do on a global scale. With all of the
pollutants that the trees filter out for us already it seems
almost crazy to add more to the air that doesn't need to
be added. We need to breathe, but no one needs to
smoke. Not as common. People who love them and the
environment.

The pollution caused by cigarettes does not stop in

our bodies or the air; it also affects the land we live on
and the water that we drink. Millions of cigarette butts are
discarded onto the ground every day. Every year in
California the state has a statewide cleanup and cigarette
butts account for almost half of the waste that is
collected. These are only the ones that are picked up in
one state and millions more are never picked up. They
end up in the rivers and lakes where fish and animals eat
them by mistake and quite often die from it. The rest are
left on the ground to decompose which will take an
average of 25 years while all of the chemicals and
additives leach into the ground and pollute the soil and
the plants. It looks unattractive, it is a major fire hazard in
dry weather, and it is extremely harmful to the
environment.
Probably the most impacting aspect of cigarettes is
actually producing them. There is the land used to grow
the crops all over the world that could be put to better
use by planting more trees or food for starving children in
third world countries. These crops are also often sprayed
with a lot of harmful pesticides and chemicals because
tobacco is a very fragile plant and is likely to pick up
disease. It also takes a lot of trees to produce and
package cigarettes. Cigarette manufacturing uses four
miles of paper an hour just for rolling and packaging
cigarettes. One tree is wasted for every three hundred
cigarettes produced. Those trees could be filtering out the
pollutants already in the air instead of being chopped
down for the cause of adding new ones. There is still the
energy and water wasted in manufacturing cigarettes
that needs to be considered and with soil depletion and
chemical wastage added on top of that it becomes clear
that manufacturing cigarettes has an enormous strain on
the environment.

The tobacco industry is quite unwilling to use better

technology to reduce the impact they are having on the
environment because it would take up too much of their
billions of dollars in profit every year. They are often
trying to have more trees planted, but since they use
trees to dry the tobacco and for rolling and packaging it is
probably not concern for the environment, but concern
for losing their wood sources that encourage them to do
this. They do not care about polluting our bodies so it
seems unlikely that they would think twice about
polluting our environment.

The only way to stop them from harming the environment

is to stop buying their products. Quitting smoking is hard,
but it can be done and its not only about the harm
smokers are doing to their own bodies, its also about the
harm they are doing to the earth and the pain that they
are causing their friends and families.
 Collecting Cigarette & Trade Cards by Gordon Howsden
Published in 1995

B. Effects of Cigarette in Different

Parts of our Body

1. Effects of smoking on the respiratory system

irritation of the trachea (windpipe) and larynx (voice

box)

reduced lung function and breathlessness due to

swelling and narrowing of the lung airways and excess
mucus in the lung passages

impairment of the lungs clearance system, leading

to the build-up of poisonous substances, which results in
lung irritation and damage

increased risk of lung infection and symptoms such

as coughing and wheezing

permanent damage to the air sacs of the lungs.

2. Effects of smoking on the circulatory system

raised blood pressure and heart rate

constriction (tightening) of blood vessels in the skin,

resulting in a drop in skin temperature
 less oxygen carried by the blood during exercise

stickier blood, which is more prone to clotting

damage to the lining of the arteries, which is thought

to be a contributing factor to atherosclerosis (the build-up
of fatty deposits on the artery walls)

reduced blood flow to extremities (fingers and toes)

increased risk of stroke and heart attack due to

blockages of the blood supply.

3. Effects of smoking on the immune system

greater susceptibility to infections such as

pneumonia and influenza

more severe and longer-lasting illnesses

lower levels of protective antioxidants (such as

vitamin C), in the blood.

4. Effects of smoking on the sexual organs

The effects of tobacco smoke on the male body include

an increased risk for:
lower sperm count

higher percentage of deformed sperm

genetic damage to sperm

 impotence, which may be due to the effects of
smoking on blood flow and damage to the blood vessels
of the penis.

The effects of tobacco smoke on the female body include:

reduced fertility menstrual cycle irregularities or
absence of menstruation

menopause reached one or two years earlier

increased risk of cancer of the cervix

greatly increased risk of stroke and heart attack if

the smoker is aged over 35 years and taking the oral
contraceptive pill.

5. Effects of smoking on the musculoskeletal

system

The effects of tobacco smoke on the musculoskeletal

system include:
tightening of certain muscles

reduced bone density.

6. Other effects of smoking on the body

 Other effects of tobacco smoke on the body include:
irritation and inflammation of the stomach and
intestines

increased risk of painful ulcers along the digestive

tract

reduced ability to smell and taste

premature wrinkling of the skin

higher risk of blindness

gum disease (periodontitis).

Collecting Cigarette & Trade Cards by Gordon Howsden

Published in 1995
 Conclusion:

The human body is made up of all different organs

that are essential to our living being. Taking care of these
organs is vital to maintaining our health. One of our most
important organs is the lungs. The lungs are used to take
in oxygen from the air and help us make blood cells in the
body. Keeping the lungs healthy is necessary to keeping
your breathing and blood healthy. There are many things
that keep us from having healthy lungs, such as toxic
fumes, gar smoke, and the most common, cigarette
smoke. Smoking cigarettes doesnt only affect the person
who smokes but also the people around them. So now if
you smoke, you better stop it to have a good health.
 Recommendation:
After making this research I learned something new,
about my research. That makes me conscious of what
one thing can make a big disaster. And that is cigarette,
that I researched and make, and I dont even realize that
Im learning every details that I searched.

If you also want to be conscious of what a cigarette

can do to you, this research paper will help you to gain
ideas about this topic.
 Bibliography
The First World War on Cigarette and Trade Cards by Dr.
Cyril Mazansky Published in 2015

Collecting Cigarette & Trade Cards by Gordon Howsden

Published in 1995

The Big Book of Cigarette Lighters: Identification &

Values Hardcover November, 2004, By James
Flanagan (Author)