C s h tng logistics vi vic thc hin chui cung ng xanh ca doanh nghip

PGS.TS. V Anh Dng

Trng i hc Vit-Nht, i hc Quc gia H Ni

Tm tt: C s h tng bn vng (trong bao gm c c s h tng logistics) l mt trong bn

tr ct quan trng ca chin lc tng trng xanh. C s h tng logistics c vai tr p ng
cc nhu cu, cc hot ng sn xut thit yu ca chui cung ng hng ho v dch v ca doanh
nghip. Tc gi tp trung phn tch mi quan h gia c s h tng logistics v vic thc thi xanh
ha chui cung ng ca doanh nghip. Vai tr ca Chnh ph cng c tho lun trong vic
nh hnh v to dng c s h tng logistics hng ti pht trin bn vng. T vic tng hp c
s l lun, tc gi a ra khung phn tch v p dng phn tch nh hng ca c s h tng
logistics vi vic thc hin chui cung ng xanh ca doanh nghip Vit nam. Cui cng, tc gi
a ra mt s bi hc kinh nghim v hm cho Vit Nam trong vic pht trin c s h tng
logistics nhm gp phn thc y vic thc thi chui cung ng xanh ca doanh nghip.

T kha: Chui cung ng xanh, c s h tng logistics, giao thng vn ti, logistics xanh

1. t vn

Cho ti nay, mi trng tr thnh vn cp thit mang tnh ton cu v c a

vo chin lc pht trin ca cc quc gia trn th gii. Trong vic thc hin chin lc tng
trng xanh c a ra bi y ban Kinh t X hi chu Thi Bnh Dng Lin Hip
Quc (UNESCAP), c s h tng bn vng (trong bao gm c c s h tng logistics) l mt
trong bn tr ct quan trng (cc tr ct khc gm xanh ho sn xut kinh doanh, tiu dung bn
vng, v thu xanh). C s h tng logistics c vai tr p ng cc nhu cu, cc hot ng sn
xut thit yu ca chui cung ng - l vn chuyn nguyn liu v thnh phm, lu tr v x l
hng ha cng nh m bo thng tin lin lc gia cc mt xch to thnh mt dy chuyn sn
xut qua cc cng on. Trong c s h tng logistics, vn ti hng ha c thng k chim n
35% lng nng lng tiu th trn th gii. Bn cnh , s gia tng ngy mt nhiu ca cc
phng tin v dng vn ti hng ha ko theo s tng ln ca lng kh thi ra mi trng, c
bit khi c s h tng logistics cho dng vn chuyn yu km v thiu ng b. Do c s
h tng logistics c vai tr quan trng trong vic h tr, thc y cng nh m bo cho hot
ng xanh ha chui cung ng ca cc doanh nghip.
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2. C s l lun

2.1. Qun l chui cung ng xanh

Qun l chui cung ng lin quan n vic khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin trong khi con
ngi ang sng trong mt thp k m tnh bn vng mi trng l mt vn quan trng i
vi thc tin kinh doanh. K t u nhng nm 1990, cc nh sn xut phi i mt vi p
lc phi gii quyt vn qun l mi trng trong dy chuyn cung ng ca h (Wu v Dunn,
1995). Khi a thm yu t xanh vo, khi nim v chui cung ng xanh c xem xt v
nh ngha nh sau.

Chui cung ng m t cc mng li cc nh cung cp, phn phi v ngi tiu dng,
giao thng vn ti gia cc nh cung cp v ngi tiu dng, cng nh ngi tiu dng cui
cng... Tc ng mi trng ca vic nghin cu pht trin, sn xut, lu tr, vn chuyn, v s
dng mt sn phm,cng nh x l cc cht thi sn phm, cn phi c xem xt (Messelbeck
v Whaley, 1999). Qun l chui cung ng mang tnh mi trng bao gm s tham gia ca cc
chc nng mua trong cc hot ng bao gm gim, ti ch, ti s dng v thay th cc vt liu
(Narasimhan v Carter, 1998). Bearing Point (2008) nh ngha Chui cung ng xanh l mt
phng thc nhm ti thiu ha tc ng mi trng ca mt sn phm hoc dch v, bao gm
tt c cc giai on trong vng i ca mt sn phm, t tm kim nguyn liu, thit k, sn xut
v phn phi cho n khi sn phm ti ngi tiu dng cui cng v cch thc h s dng sn
phm (sa cha, dng li v ti ch).

Qun l chui cung ng xanh l khi nim ang thu ht s quan tm so vi cc quan
im v chui cung ng truyn thng. Cuc cch mng cht lng cui nhng nm 1980 v cuc
cch mng trong chui cung ng u nhng nm 1990 nh thc cc doanh nghip v thc
mi trng (Srivastava, 2007). Ni hm ca qun l chui cung ng xanh gm cc yu t ging
nh ca khi nim qun l chui cung ng ni chung nhng thm yu t xanh vo.

Srivastava (2007) cho rng Qun l chui cung ng xanh l s kt hp yu t mi

trng vo qun tr chui cung ng, bao gm thit k sn phm, tm kim v la chn nguyn
liu, quy trnh sn xut, phn phi sn phm cui cng cho ngi tiu dng v qun l cui i
sn phm sau khi s dng n. Qun l chui cung ng xanh lin quan n thc tin qun l

2
chui cung ng truyn thng tch hp cc tiu chun mi trng hay mi quan tm vo cc quyt
nh mua sm c t chc v nhng mi quan h di hn vi cc nh cung ng (Gilbert, 2000).

Qun l chui cung ng xanh gn lin vi qun tr cc mt xch ca n bao gm thit k

xanh (green design), vn hnh xanh (green operation) gm thu mua xanh, logistics u vo v
u ra xanh, logistics ngc (reverse logistics), qun l cht thi (waste management), v sn
xut xanh (green manufactures) (Guide v Srivastava, 1998; Srivastava, 2007).

Logistics xanh Logistics xanh Logistics xanh

Ti Cc nh cung ng nguyn vt Nh sn Ngi tiu

nguyn liu u vo (quc gia, quc t) xut (xanh) dng
Thit k, thumua Tip th, Phn phi
xanh xanh

Logistics ngc

Hnh 1: M hnh qun l chui cung ng xanh

Ngun: Sarkis (1999) v Bearing Point (2008)

2.2. C s h tng logistics

Trong chui cung ng, logistics l hot ng bt buc mi cng on, k t khi nhp
nguyn vt liu, vn chuyn nguyn vt liu cho qu trnh sn xut, vn chuyn sn phm v lu
tr kho bi (Vin nghin cu v pht trin logistics Vit Nam, 2011). Nhim v ca logistics l
m bo s sn c v thng sut ca hng ha v dch v trn th trng, trong c s h tng
logistics gi mt vai tr quan trng. Hin nay, cha c mt khi nim c th no v c s h tng
logistics. Tuy nhin, c mt s t cc nh nghin cu trn th gii v ti Vit Nam a ra
nhng quan nim khc nhau v c s h tng logistics.

C s h tng logistics l cc yu t c bn trong hot ng ca mng li logistics thng

qua vic tch hp cc phng thc vn ti hng hi, hng khng v ng b (A. A. Zuraimi v
cng s, 2013). Theo Cf. Arnold v cng s (2008), c s h tng logistics c hiu l cc
ngun vt cht cu trc khng gian v k thut trong h thng logistics, bao gm kho bi,

3
phng tin vn chuyn, bng ti, kho lu tr, cng ngh v cc c s vt cht khc nh h
thng thng tin lin lc tng ng. C s h tng logistic l tng th cc yu t vt cht, k
thut, kin trc ng vai tr nn tng cho cc hot ng logistics ni chung v cc dch v
logistics ni ring din ra mt cch bnh thng (Nguyn Th Hi H, 2012). C s h tng
logistics thng thng c chia thnh hai nhm: c s h tng giao thng vn ti v c s h
tng thng tin v truyn thng. C s h tng giao thng vn ti l h thng nhng cng trnh vt
cht k thut, cc cng trnh kin trc v cc phng tin v t chc c s h tng mang tnh nn
mng cho s pht trin ca ngnh giao thng vn ti v nn kinh t bao gm h thng cu,
ng, cng bin, cng sng, nh ga, sn bay, bn bi v h thng trang thit b ph tr: thng
tin tn hiu, bin bo, n ng. C s h tng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng l h thng
thng tin c s dng qun l cc qu trnh lu thng hng ha v thng tin trong mt cng
ty v cc thit b s dng cho mc ch ny nh mng my tnh, my qut m vch,(Joanna
Nowakowska-Grunt, 2008). Trong phm vi bi bo ny, cc tc gi nh ngha c s h tng
logistics l tng hp cc yu t c bn phc v cho s pht trin ca hot ng logistics bao gm
h thng giao thng vn ti (cu, ng, cng bin, sn bay), kho bi v h thng cng ngh
thng tin v truyn thng.

Trong qu trnh vn chuyn v lu thng hng ha, kh thi gy ra bi hot ng giao

thng vn ti l mt s e da ln n con ngi v mi trng. Do , logistics xanh ra i
nhm gim thiu tc ng n mi trng ca logistics. Logistics xanh ch yu cp n cc
vn mi trng lin quan n vn chuyn, x l v lu tr nguyn vt liu, kim sot hng tn
kho, kho bi, ng gi, v cc quyt nh phn b v tr c s (Min v Kim, 2012). Gonzalez-
Benito v Gonzalez-Benito (2006) s dng thut ng logistics mang tnh mi trng
(environmental logistics) m t thc tin logistics bao gm thu mua, vn chuyn, lu kho v
phn phi, logistics ngc v qun l cht thi. Ngoi ra, do phn phi c coi l mt trong
nhng lnh vc quan trng ca chui cung ng, thut ng phn phi xanh (green distribution)
c s dng m t ton b qu trnh tch hp cc mi quan tm v mi trng vi vn
chuyn, ng gi, dn nhn v logistics ngc (Shi v cng s, 2012).

2.3. Mi quan h gia c s h tng logistics v vic thc hin chui cung ng xanh

4
 C s h tng logistics ca mt nn sn xut p ng cc nhu cu, cc hot ng sn xut
thit yu ca chui cung ng, l vn chuyn nguyn liu v thnh phm, lu tr v x l hng
ha cng nh m bo thng tin lin lc gia cc mt xch to thnh mt dy chuyn sn xut
qua cc cng on. Thng qua cc hot ng nh vn ti hng ha, kho bi hay lu chuyn
thng tin nhng hot ng c trng ca logistics, c s h tng logistics tc ng n chui
cung ng ca doanh nghip thng qua tc ng trc tip n hot ng logistics. i vi chui
cung ng xanh, c h tng logistics lin quan mt thit ti vic thc y hay lm chm qu trnh
xanh ha trong khu logistics xanh, thng qua tc ng n vic thc hin chui cung ng
xanh ca doanh nghip. Do , trong vic phn tch mi quan h gia c s h tng logistics v
vic thc hin chui cung ng xanh ca doanh nghip, bi nghin cu phn tch thng qua mi
quan h gia c s h tng logistics v vic thc hin logistics xanh.

2.3.1. C s h tng logistics h tr xuyn sut hot ng logistics, h tr quyt nh la chn

xanh ha logistics

C s h tng giao thng vn ti v cng ngh thng tin, kho bi h tr xuyn sut v
ng vai tr cc k quan trng cho hot ng logistics. S y hay thiu ht v tnh thn
thin vi mi trng ca bn thn tng loi c s h tng th hin tim nng xanh ha, hoc yu
cu bt buc phi xanh ha trong tng khu, h tr vic nh qun l a ra quyt nh la chn
xanh ha phn no trong logistics.

Giao thng vn ti trong hot ng logistics m nhim cng tc vn chuyn xuyn sut
trong c chui cung ng, t vic a my mc n khai thc nguyn liu u vo, nguyn liu
u vo v tp trung ti nh xng, vn chuyn hng ha sn phm qua cc khu ch bin, cho
n phn phi hng ha n cc i l v n tay ngi tiu dng. S ci thin cht lng ng
s lin tc, xy dng mi cc tuyn ng vt v cao tc cng vi s ra i ca nhiu loi
phng tin giao thng mi gim thiu s dng nng lng l mt gi , mt tim nng quan
trng cho tin trnh xanh ha. Vi nhim v chnh l vn chuyn hng ha v nguyn vt liu,
cc hot ng logistics phi s dng nhiu phng tin giao thng vn ti ng b, ng thy,
ng st v ng hng khng, c c im l tiu th nhin liu rt ln v nng x thi kh
thi nh knh cao, gy nhim mi trng ln. Lng nhin liu tiu th v nng kh thi ca
phng tin vn ti ph thuc vo cc yu t nh c im k thut ca phng tin, trng ti

5
ca phng tin, c im c s h tng v iu kin giao thng c th (Planco v BAFG, 2007).
Cc nghin cu ch ra rng, phng tin giao thng ng b c nh hng nhiu nht ti mi
trng th hin lng kh thi, ting n v n tc giao thng (Zheng and Zhang, 2010;
Kripalani v cng s, 2011; Alan McKinnon v cng s, 2012). So snh tnh thn thin vi mi
trng ca cc phng thc vn ti t ra yu cu cho cc nh qun l ra cc phi xanh ha giao
thng vn ti trong logistics. Chuyn i phng thc vn ti t ng b sang ng st v
ng bin c th gim lu lng vn chuyn v ti u ha ton b qu trnh vn chuyn. Ngoi
ra, vi tin b khoa hc k thut hin nay, nhiu phng tin vn ti s dng cc ngun
nguyn/nhin liu thay th thn thin hn vi mi trng c sng ch, nh l xe in, tu
bin chy diesel sinh hc,y l nhng gi quan trng gim thiu lng nhin liu tiu
tn cng nh x l kh thi trong qu trnh vn chuyn. Mt khc, khng th khng nhc ti s
khng ngng ci tin ng c ca cc nh sn xut vn ti nhm tit gim tiu tn nhin liu.
lm cho giao thng vn ti hiu qu hn nhm ngn chn nhng vn gy nhim mi trng
trong qu trnh vn chuyn, nhiu cng ty xem xt cc gii php chnh thc hin chin lc
giao thng xanh gn vi c s h tng bn vng l s dng t phng tin hn, thay th
phng tin sch v nhin liu hiu qu, tiu chun ha kch thc ca xe ti (Marcus Thiell,
2011). Vi c s ny, c th khng nh xanh ha c s h tng giao thng vn ti l u tin
hng u trong vic xanh ha logistics.

Trong nhiu th k tr li y, kho vn ng vai tr trong vic lu tr v x l hng ha

nhm cung cp sn phm tiu dng trong tng lai (CSCMP, Scott B. Keller, Brian C. Keller,
2014). Hot ng kho vn c coi l c tim nng ng k trong vic ct gim kh cacbon gy
ra bi chui cung ng (WEF, 2009). Vic lu tr v x l hng ha ti cc kho bi cng tiu th
mt khi lng ln nguyn liu v to kh thi ra mi trng. Nghin cu hot ng logistics ti
Anh, cc nh nghin cu ch ra rng khong 4% kh thi Anh gy ra do hot ng chuyn ch
hng ha trng ti ln ca cc phng tin giao thng, so vi 3% lng kh thi t hot ng
kho vn (UKWA, 2010). Nhng c tnh ny l trc tip v d nhn bit nht trong chui cung
ng, do xanh ha kho bi cng l yu t m cc nh qun l cn xt n khi thc hin xanh
ha logistics trong chui cung ng. Tnh xanh ca kho bi th hin vic b tr v phn b kho
bi nhm gim qung ng v tit kim chi ph vn chuyn. Vic thit k cc kho bi gn vi
ngi tiu dng cui cng, kt ni vi cc cng bin, sn bay gn hn tit kim khong cch

6
vn chuyn, to iu kin cho vic vn chuyn hng ha nhanh hn, do gim lng kh
thi ra mi trng v gim lng nhin liu s dng, h tr qu trnh xanh ha logistics ca
doanh nghip.

2.3.2. Cht lng c s h tng logistics nh hng trn - chnh xc ca hot ng logistics
trong chui cung ng, phng thc v mc xanh ha logistics

i vi ngnh cng nghip sn xut hin i, tc ca chui cung ng sn phm l mt

yu t v cng quan trng y l im vt tri nh v s khc bit cho doanh nghip, cng c
th l nhc im kh khc phc. Tc chui cung ng ph thuc t nhiu vo s thng sut
ca hot ng logistics kt ni cc thnh phn trong chui cung ng. C s h tng logistics mt
phn quyt nh thng sut trong qu trnh cung ng t mt xch ny ti mt xch khc,
chnh xc v thi gian chuyn thnh qu sn phm t khu ny sang nhng khu sn xut phn
phi sau, t m quyt nh tc hot ng ca chui cung ng. ng thi, sau khi a ra
quyt nh la chn xanh ha khu no trong logistics, cht lng c s h tng logistics l yu
t quyt nh phng thc xanh ha (tc l la chn xanh ha bng cch no) v mc xanh
ha logistics (tc l xanh ha c n u).

Trc ht, c s h tng giao thng vn ti ng vai tr r rng nht ti tc vn

chuyn ca hot ng logistics. i vi giao thng ng b, din tch mt ng, mng li
ng x, cht lng v bn ca ng b, phn b hp l cc ng cao tc cu vt
ng hm l cc yu t cn phi quan tm. i vi ng thy cn quan tm n ln v
chc ca cng bin cng h thng kho vn c b tr xy dng hp l gn . Vi ng hng
khng, cn ch qun l sn bay, ng bay, kho vn. Nhng cn tr ca giao thng i vi
hot ng logistics phn ln khng phi l nhng gin on t ngt (nh sp ng hm, t
chch ng ray,) m l nhng cn tr lu di v tc v an ton trong vn chuyn.
Chng hn, ng nh hp, thiu ht h thng cu vt v ng cao tc, cng bin nh lm
chm ng k tc vn chuyn hng v hn ch nhng xe vn ti c ln; mt ng g gh,
ng ray c, sn bay nh, e da n mc an ton cho qu trnh vn chuyn, c bit vi
nhng mt hng d v, d b xo trn, cc mt hng thc phm d b i thiu. Theo kt qu bo
co New Models for Addressing Supply Chain and Transport Risk nm 2012 ca Din n

7
kinh t th gii WEF, ch c 6% cc gin on ca chui cung ng b gy ra bi cc hng hc
ca giao thng, nhng y l yu t c th iu khin c.

Mc hin i v thng sut ca h thng cng ngh thng tin quyt nh s nhanh hay
chm ca hot ng logistics. Thng thng, cng ngh thng tin c cho l c ng gp tch
cc vo chui hnh thnh gi tr sn phm bao gm: thu mua, pht trin sn phm mi, nh
hng, cung ng u ra v h tr marketing (Gattorna v Waters, 1996; Stevens, 1989; Fisher,
1997). H thng cng ngh thng tin tin tin cho php kim sot mng li hu cn, giao dch
ti chnh, v phn phi nc ung an ton, dch v khn cp v giao thng hng khng. Khng
ch th, trong chui cung ng tng hp, cc hot ng chc nng ny c thc hin cng nhau.
S yu km trong h tng cng ngh thng tin dn n s gin on v thng tin, gy ra 30%
nguy c gin on chui cung ng nh c minh ha trong hnh di y.

Hnh 2: Cc nhn t gy ra gin on chui cung ng

Ngun: WEF (2012), New Models for Addressing Supply Chain and Transport Risk

8
 ng thi, cc c im k trn cng l nhng nhn t nh hng n phng thc v
mc xanh ha logistics. Xanh ha logistics gn lin vi s gia tng v nhu cu vn chuyn
hng ha mt cch hiu qu trong khi nng lc ca h thng c s h tng giao thng vn ti yu
km s tt yu dn n tnh trng n tc. n tc lm cho cc phng tin vn ti khng c vn
hnh tt v tiu tn nhiu nhin liu ng thi x nhiu kh thi ra mi trng (David B. Grant
v cng s, 2013). C s h tng yu km l tr ngi cho vic xanh ha ng thi lm gim mc
xanh ha trong logistics ca doanh nghip. i vi c s h tng giao thng vn ti, phng
thc xanh ha thng qua vic tm kim v xy dng cc tuyn ng mi, la chn l trnh vn
ti ti u gim thiu thi gian vn chuyn cng nh gim thiu nng lng s dng. i vi
xanh ha phng tin giao thng vn ti, c th la chn cc phng thc xanh ha nh s dng
nng lng mi ti to c thay cho nng lng c, thay i h thng xe chuyn ch bng
nhng dng phng tin mi s dng tit kim nng lng hn. Tuy nhin, cht lng c s h
tng giao thng vn ti yu km hay tt s dn ti vic cc doanh nghip la chn cc phng n
xanh ha khc nhau. i vi c s h tng giao thng vn ti ch gm cc tuyn ng nh v
xc, khng c xy dng mi cc tuyn cu vt v ng cao tc, nh qun l ch c th la
chn phng n xanh ha thng qua nng lng v phng tin mi; y l hn ch ln nht i
vi xanh ha c s h tng giao thng vn ti. Tng t, i vi c s h tng giao thng vn ti
khng cung cp c cc dng phng tin mi, nh qun l phi la chn nhp khu phng
tin giao thng t nc ngoi gy tn km.

Vic thit k xy dng kho bi l quan trng v trc tip nh hng n mc s dng
nng lng cho cc hot ng ca kho. Thit k v xy dng kho bi khng ch m bo vic
lu tr v an ton cho hng ha nh duy tr m tt, chng n mn, chng thm, chng bin
i, khng b r r, chng bay hi,m cn phi p ng cc yu cu v mi trng. Nghin
cu ca cc nh khoa hc ti Anh v M ch ra rng, nu din tch kho bi gim i 2 ln th khi
lng nng lng tiu th v nng kh thi ra mi trng s gim i mt na so vi trc
(Green building.com, 2008). Kho bi vi cc tnh nng thn thin vi mi trng nh s dng
nng lng mt tri, nh sng t nhin, din tch ph hp, tng v sn dy v ti ch ti ch s
tit kim nng lng, gim thiu ting n v kh thi ti mi trng. Mt kho bi vi din tch
ln khng nhng lm tng chi ph logistics ca doanh nghip m cn lm gim mc xanh ha
trong chui cung ng ca doanh nghip . iu ny buc cc doanh nghip phi la chn thit

9
k xanh ha kho bi nh th no va t c hiu qu v mt kinh t m cn tng thm tnh
xanh trong hot ng logistics ca mnh.

Bn cnh c s h tng giao thng vn ti v kho bi, mc xanh ha logistics trong

chui cung ng cn b nh hng bi c s h tng cng ngh thng tin (Zhang v Liu, 2009).
Mt h thng thng tin hon ho c th tng mc xanh ha ca hot ng logistics bng vic
cung cp nhng thng tin thc t v mt thi gian v iu khin mt cch chnh xc cc hot
ng trong logistics nh ng gi, lu tr, vn chuyn, ch bin, phn phi, bc hng, x l
hng tn kho,... tun th cc yu cu v kinh t cng nh mi trng, to iu kin cho vic
thc hin cc dch v logistics gn vi mi trng ra quyt nh (Zhang v Liu, 2009). Mt h
thng thng tin kim sot vn ti xanh s gip cc doanh nghip nh gi c cc hot ng
gy h hng hng ha trong qu trnh vn chuyn ng thi o lng nhng tc ng n mi
trng ca cc phng thc vn ti, t a ra cc gii php xanh ha ph hp cng nh nh
gi mc xanh ha t c n u. Bn cnh , h thng thng tin kim sot kho bi gip
kim sot cht lng ca kho cng nh cc yu t km xanh ca kho bi . Nhng gii php
trong h thng thng tin kim sot qu trnh h tr cc doanh nghip gim st sn xut t khu
nguyn liu u vo cho n ni tiu th cui cng, nhng yu cu v ng gi, phn khc, o
lng, lp t, dn nhn, kim tra hng ha t thc y s thng sut trong ton b qu trnh
sn xut v tiu th hng ha.

2.3.3. Xanh ha logistics lm c s h tng logistics bn vng thm

S tham gia vo logistics xanh trong chui cung ng xanh c th lm gim chi ph cho c
s h tng logistics, t lm bn vng thm h thng. Ngoi ra, xanh ha logistics gip nng
cao cht lng ca h thng c s h tng logistics theo hng bn vng.

Th nht, khi mt doanh nghip hay rng hn l mt quc gia, tham gia vo chui cung
ng, lp tc n s thu ht c lng vn u t t nc ngoi hoc t cc doanh nghip khc,
ng thi cng nhn c nhiu u i trong cung cp vn vt cht v chuyn giao cng ngh.
Lng tin v my mc, vt cht s c s dng pht trin, xy dng v cng c thm h
thng c s h tng vn c. i vi logistics xanh, c s h tng logistics phi ph hp v p
ng c nhng tiu chun ca xanh ha chui cung ng, do , cng ngh v trnh ca

10
 chng c chnh ph v cc doanh nghip ch trng ngay t u, t s tit kim c thi
gian v chi ph tin bc trong vic sa cha v bo tr so vi c s h tng logistics trc y. V
d, vic hn ch s dng cc loi xe tiu th nhiu nhin liu c hi cho mi trng bng nhin
liu thay th s lm gim hng hc v hao mn ca xe, do tit kim c chi ph bo tr. Hay
vic xy dng cc tuyn ng cht lng cao v ngn hn c th tn km nhng v di hn s
hn ch c nhng hng hc, st ln ca mt ng hoc gy nt ng ray....

Th hai, tham gia vo logistics xanh trong chui cung ng xanh lm tng hiu qu sn
xut, do s tng tn sut s dng c s h tng, tc l khai thc trit c cc c s .
Nh vy, gi thnh s r i nh quy lut hiu sut theo quy m.

Tng ngn sch

Thu ht u t
pht trin
Xanh ha
logistics Bn vng ha
Tng hiu qu
Khai thc trit
sn xut

Hnh 3: Chui cung ng xanh lm bn vng c s h tng

Ngun: Tc gi t tng hp

2.4. Vai tr ca Chnh ph trong mi quan h gia c s h tng logistics v thc hin
logistics xanh ca doanh nghip

Xanh ha logistics khng ch l vn ca ring doanh nghip m cn l mi quan tm

ca Chnh ph th hin nhng chng trnh, quy nh ca Chnh ph tng cng qun l h
thng logistics hin c ng thi xy dng mt khun kh lut l v qun l logistics xanh v
cc chng trnh quc gia v tng trng xanh, cc sng kin logistics xanh, t h tr cc

11
doanh nghip thc hin hiu qu xanh ha logistics cng nh hn ch hnh vi tc ng n mi
trng ca cc doanh nghip (Zhang v Liu, 2013).

Trc tin, vai tr ca Chnh ph th hin vic a ra cc quy nh v kim sot

nhim khng kh, iu chnh pht thi kh thi, hn ch lng kh NO2 t cc phng tin vn
ti nhm hn ch cc loi phng tin trn ng, thc y cc doanh nghip la chn cc
phng tin t tiu chun v pht thi v ting n. Bn cnh , thng qua vic hng dn s
dng cc phng tin vn chuyn khc nhau, Chnh ph cn khuyn khch cc doanh nghip la
chn phng thc vn ti thch hp nhm nng cao hiu qu logistics ca doanh nghip, tit
kim chi ph logistics cng nh gim thiu nhim mi trng. Chnh ph cn chu trch nhim
trong vic xy dng v sa cha cc tuyn ng giao thng, hin i ha h thng giao thng
vn ti, xy dng cc quy tc kim sot hot ng vn ti nhm gip hot ng vn ti c
thng sut v an ton.

Ngoi ra, nhng hnh ng ca Chnh ph bao gm thu, h tr ti chnh, cc quy nh

v t do ha nhm gim thiu tc ng ti mi trng gy ra bi hot ng logistics c nh
hng tch cc hay tiu cc ti quyt nh la chn xanh ha logistics ca doanh nghip (Alan
McKinnon v cng s, 2012). Nhng h tr ti chnh ca chnh ph cho cng ty u t thit b
v cng ngh mi thn thin vi mi trng, xanh ha h thng c s h tng hay tr cp cho
cc doanh nghip s dng phng thc vn ti xanh ng thi nhng quy nh v tiu chun kho
bi hay k thut ca phng tin vn ti s thc y cc cng ty quyt nh xanh ha hot ng
logistics, vn ti v kho vn trong chui cung ng ca mnh. Ngc li, nu Chnh ph p dng
mc thu khc nhau i vi cc phng thc vn ti khc nhau c th khin cc doanh nghip
la chn phng thc vn ti c mc thu thp hn nhm tit kim chi ph m khng quan tm
ti vic nh gi nhng tc ng ti mi trng ca phng thc vn ti . iu ny lm gim
la chn xanh ha logistics ca cc doanh nghip trong nn kinh t (Alan McKinnon v cng s,
2012).

12
 Hnh 4: Vai tr ca chnh ph trong thc hin logistics xanh thng qua c s h tng
logistics

Ngun: Alan McKinnon v cng s, 2012

3. Khung phn tch v phng php nghin cu

3.1. Khung phn tch

Khung phn tch ca bi nghin cu gm 3 ni dung chnh: Thc trng c s h tng

logistics v nhng vn mi trng gy ra bi c s h tng logistics; thc tin thc hin
logistics xanh ca doanh nghip thng qua c s h tng logistics; t nh gi tc ng ca c
s h tng logistics ti thc hin chui cung ng xanh ca doanh nghip. Khung kh phn tch
c th hin nh hnh di y.

13
 Hnh 5: Khung phn tch v tc ng ca c s h tng logistics n thc hin chui cung
ng xanh ca doanh nghip

Vi khung kh phn tch trn, thc trng mi loi c s h tng logistics c nhng tc
ng tng ng vi vic thc hin xanh ha cc khu trong logistics.

C s h tng giao thng vn ti bao gm h thng ng b, ng st, cng bin, sn

bay tc ng n vn chuyn hng ha trong xanh ha giao thng vn ti thng qua vic la
chn tuyn ng hoc phng thc vn ti c cht lng c s h tng giao thng vn ti tt
nht nhm gim chi ph vn ti, rt ngn qung ng, tit kim nhin liu s dng.

Cc phng tin giao thng vn ti bao gm xe ti, tu ha, tu bin, my bay lin
quan n phng thc vn ti tng ng quyt nh mc v phng thc xanh ha ca giao
thng vn ti trong logistics. Vic la chn cc phng tin giao thng vn ti t kh thi, s
dng t nng lng nhm gim thiu tc ng n mi trng ca hot ng logistics.

Kho bi nh hng ti vic thit k v s dng kho vn xanh, ng gi sn phm xanh

v qun l x thi sau khi lu tr hng ha. Thit k v la chn v tr ca kho, cch sp xp

14
hng ha trong kho nhm tit kim nng lng s dng ca kho bi, rt ngn khong cch gia
kho bi v ngi tiu dng cui cng, rt ngn thi gian vn chuyn.

Cng ngh thng tin bao gm mng my tnh, h thng nh v GPS quyt nh n vic
la chn, x l v thu thp thng tin trong logistics xanh ng thi ti u l trnh vn ti trong
vn ti xanh. S dng cng ngh thng tin nhm nh v tuyn ng ti u nht, ti u l trnh,
qun l kho bi hiu qu.

3.2. Phng php nghin cu

Nghin cu s dng phng php tng hp ti liu v phng vn su. Phng php tng
hp ti liu c s dng xy dng nn khung nghin cu. Phng php phng vn su c
s dng vi i tng l i din mt s doanh nghip nh nc v t nhn hot ng trong lnh
vc c s h tng chui cung ng v logistics, mt s chuyn gia trong lnh vc logistics v cc
cn b c quan qun l lin quan. La chn i tng phng vn l doanh nghip logistics tc
gi c th thu thp thng tin v thc trng thc hin logistics xanh thng qua c s h tng
logistics ca cc doanh nghip ti Vit Nam, nhng nh hng ca c s h tng logistics ti
thc hin logistics xanh ca doanh nghip t gc ngi s dng c s h tng logistics. Vic
phng vn cc chuyn gia v cn b c quan qun l Nh nc s gip tc gi a ra nhng
xut hu ch cho doanh nghip v Nh nc.

Tc gi tin hnh phng vn 30 i din ca 10 doanh nghip logistics ba thnh ph

ln l H Ni, Hi Phng v Nng. y l nhng u mi kinh t ca min Bc v min
Trung Vit Nam, l ni hot ng logistic din ra rt si ng.

4. Kt qu nghin cu

4.1. Thc trng c s h tng logistics ti Vit Nam hin nay

4.1.1. C s h tng giao thng vn ti

Vit Nam s hu mt h thng giao thng vn ti vi y cc loi hnh vn ti bao

gm ng b, ng st, ng thy ni a, hng hi v hng khng. Tuy nhin, c s h tng

15
giao thng vn ti ca Vit Nam cn yu km so vi cc quc gia pht trin trong khu vc v
trn th gii.

Bng 1: Xp hng c s h tng giao thng vn ti ca Vit Nam, 2013

Cht lng Cht lng

C s h tng Quy m Xp hng/144 Xp hng/148

2012-2013 2013-2014
B bin 3260 km
ng b 206633 km 120 102
ng st 3146 km 68 58
Cng bin 49 cng 113 98
Sn bay 21 sn bay 94 92
ng thy ni a 47130 km
Chung 119 110

Ngun: S liu t Tng cc ng b Vit Nam, Tng cc ng st Vit Nam, Tng cc Hi

quan Vit Nam, Tng cc hng khng dn dng Vit Nam, Tng cc thng k, Din n kinh t
th gii (2013)

Theo kt qu phng vn, 81,8% i din doanh nghip cho rng thc trng c s h tng
logistics ca Vit Nam cn yu km, lc hu. Ch c 18,2% i din doanh nghip nh gi c s
h tng logistics ca Vit Nam tng i n, khc phc cht l c.

Yu km, lc hu 81.8

Tng i n, khc phc cht l

18.2
c

n 0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

16
 Hnh 6: nh gi v thc trng c s h tng logistics ca Vit Nam

Trc ht l c s h tng giao thng ng b. Theo s liu bo co ca World Bank,

hin nay mng li ng b Vit Nam c tng chiu di khong 206633 km trong khong
60% cc tuyn ng c a hnh i ni (WB, 2013). Tuy nhin, hu ht mng li ng b u
rt hp v cht lng mt ng rt km. V iu kin mt ng ca cc tuyn quc l, c ti
20% cc tuyn ng trong tnh trng km v rt km, 37% mc trung bnh v ch c 43%
trong tnh trng tt. Trn mng li ng b c khong 7200 cu, trong s cu c cht lng
tt chim khong di 80%.

n nm 2013, hng lot tuyn cao tc c u t xy dng hon thnh v a vo

s dng nh: Ni Bi - Lo Cai, TP H Ch Minh - Long Thnh, Du Giy, Cu Gi - Ninh
Bnh, TP H Ch Minh - Trung Lng, H Ni - Thi Nguyn (Tng cc ng b Vit Nam,
2013). Mt ng cao tc mi ni H Ni vi Hi Phng d kin s hon thnh vo nm 2015,
cho php xe ti trng ti ln ti 30 tn mt lu thng, so vi 18 tn hin nay ca QL5.

ng thi, mng li ng b vn gi vai tr ch yu trong vic ni lin cc khu cng

nghip v h thng cng bin ca Vit Nam. Hai tuyn ng vn chuyn hng ha chnh ca
Vit Nam l Quc l 5 min bc, ni lin cc khu cng nghip cc tnh thnh ln cn vi
cng Hi Phng v quc l 51, ni lin thnh ph HCM vi cng Ci Mp Th Vi pha nam.
Tuy nhin, hin nay, cht lng ca cc tuyn ng ny rt km v thng xuyn xy ra n tc.
Do min Bc thu ht c nhiu hot ng sn xut hn nn tnh trng n tc ti cc tuyn
ng dn n cc cng khu vc Hi Phng ang ngy mt trm trng hn. Tng t, tnh trng
n tc ngy cng tng trn cc tuyn quc l ca khu vc TPHCM kt ni gia cc cng, ICD,
khu vc sn xut, trung tm kho vn. Cht lng ng b ngy cng suy gim do h thng xe
ti li thi, ch qu ti gy hng ng. Hin cha c nhiu ng vt, cu vt xe c t
mt h thng ng ny ha tuyn vi h thng khc, gip lu thng lin mch. Ngoi ra, ng
quc l cha c thit k chu ti trng xe ln hin nay nh cc xe ch cngten c ln, di
45 foot hoc cc xe ch cngten c nh ch hng nng.

Th hai l c s h tng ng st. Hin nay, Vit Nam c khong 3146 km ng st,
trong khong 2600 km l ng st c khu 1000mm, cn li l ng st khu

17
1435mm. Ngoi ra, ng ngang v ng dn sinh giao ct ng st c mt rt cao, c th
c 1.200 ng ngang hp php v 4.233 ng giao dn sinh t m (VAM, 2013). iu ny
cho thy s yu km ca c s h tng ng st ca Vit Nam. Mng li ng st ni lin
cc khu cng nghip v cng bin cn t. Tuyn ng st chnh l tuyn H Ni thnh ph H
Ch Minh di 1726km, tuy nhin, ch yu c s dng vn ti hnh khch, nng lc vn ti
hng ha cn hn ch.

C s h tng ng st ca Vit Nam khng ch yu km v cht lng m cn t c

u t pht trin. Mng li ng st hu nh khng thay i so vi trc y. u t hng
nm cho c s h tng ng st rt thp, ch chim 3% tng u t trong tng u t cho c s
h tng giao thng vn ti so vi 90% u t cho c s h tng ng b (B Giao thng vn ti,
2012).

Bng 2: Thc trng mng li ng st Vit Nam, 2012

Chiu di
TT Tuyn chnh Kh ng S cu S ga
(km)
1 H Ni TP.HCM 1.726 1.000mm 1.465 166
2 Gia Lm Hi Phng 96 1.000mm 10 15
3 Yn Vin Lo Cai 285 1.000mm 147 31
4 H Ni - ng ng 167 Kh lng 50 21
5 ng Anh Qun Triu 55 Kh lng 9 8
6 Kp H Long 106 1.435mm 36 11
7 Kp Lu X 56 1.435mm 21 4
Cng 2.491 1.738 256

Ngun: Cc ng st Vit Nam, 2012

Tip theo l c s h tng ng thy ni a. L mt quc gia c mng li sng ngi

rng ln, c s h tng ng thy ni a ca Vit Nam c s pht trin nht nh so vi cc
loi c s h tng giao thng vn ti khc. Mng li sng ngi ca Vit Nam c chiu di
khong 47130 km trong khong 8000 km c s dng cho vn ti ng thy ni a (Tng
cc Hi quan, 2013). Nh li th v t nhin, lng hng ha vn chuyn bi ng thy ni a
18
chim khong 20% lu lng hng ha vn chuyn hng nm. Tuy nhin, hin nay c s giao
thng ng thu ni a vn cn yu km, ph thuc nhiu vo iu kin t nhin nh khi
lng no vt ln, thiu thit b dn lung v h thng phao tiu bo hiu.

i vi c s h tng ng bin, vi li th nm st ng hng hi quc t, cc cng

bin ca Vit Nam c hnh thnh v pht trin ng k. Hin nay, nc ta c 80 cng bin vi
tng chiu di khong 40000m cu tu. Tuy nhin, cng bin ca Vit Nam c nhng c im
cha hp l. Th nht l s thiu ht s lng cng nc su. Trc nm 2010, Vit Nam khng
c mt cng bin nc su no, do , hng ha u phi trung chuyn ti cc cng Singapore,
Hong Kong, Malaysia trc khi vn chuyn sang M v EU. Tuy nhin, n thng 1 nm 2011,
Vit Nam xy dng v i vo hot ng cng Ci Mp Th Vi, cng nc su u tin ti
Vit Nam, to iu kin cho giao thng hng hi pht trin. Bn cnh , s phn b cng bin
khng hp l do iu kin a l v a hnh ca Vit Nam. Min Bc v min Nam ng dn,
kinh t pht trin nhng s lng cng t. Ngc li, min Trung kinh t km pht trin hn
nhng mt cng gp 2 - 3 ln min Bc v min Nam. Khng ch th, trong cc khu vc cng
cng c s phn tn v thiu kt ni ni cng nh cc cng khu vc Ci Mp Th Vi.

Mc d vy, hin nay Vit Nam ang bt u c tng pht trin h thng cng bin
xanh vi im khi u l h thng cng Lch Huyn Hi Phng. Cng Lch Huyn ang
trong qu trnh xy dng v d kin s hon thnh vo nm 2017 vi nhng tiu ch tr thnh
bn cng xanh theo hng hin i v thn thin. tng xy dng h thng cng xanh ti Hi
Phng c thc hin theo hng xy dng mt cng bin mi hon ton p ng cc tiu ch
xanh thay v ci tin v nng cp h thng cng bin v tha mn cc iu kin xanh.

Cui cng l c s h tng ng hng khng. Vit Nam hin c khong 20 sn bay ni
a v 2 sn bay quc t chnh l Cng hng khng quc t Ni Bi (H Ni) v Cng hng
khng quc t Tn Sn Nht TSN (TP HCM). Sn bay th ba l sn bay Long Thnh hin ang
xy dng ti TPHCM, d kin hon thnh vo nm 2015 vi mc tiu tr thnh cng hng khng
trung chuyn quc t. Tuy nhin, iu ny vn gy tranh ci bi trong khu vc tn ti nhiu
sn bay trung chuyn nh Hng Kng, Singapore v Bng Cc. Tng t nh vn ti ng
st, vn ti hng khng ch yu phc v mc ch vn ti hnh khch trong khi lng hng ha
vn ti vn cn hn ch. Tuy nhin, cht lng sn bay cn nhiu bt cp. Sn bay quc t TSN

19
qu ng v km hiu qu, vi nhng trang thit b x l hng ha km tiu chun so vi cc
nc chu .

C th thy c s h tng giao thng vn ti ca Vit Nam bc l nhiu bt cp v hn

ch. C s h tng ng b, ng st v sn bay cn yu km, lc hu trong khi h thng cng
bin chm pht trin. S thiu ng b v lin kt gia cc loi c s h tng cng l mt trong
nhng im yu ca c s h tng giao thng vn ti ca Vit Nam hin nay.

4.1.2. Phng tin giao thng vn ti

Xt v phng tin giao thng vn ti, xe ti chim s lng ln nht trong vn chuyn
hng ha, vi khong 75.7% lng hng ha c vn ti bng xe ti, 17.9% vn ti bng x lan,
5.8% vn ti bng tu bin v 2% l vn ti bng tu ha, cn li l my bay (Vietnam Railway
Authority, VMA, Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam, 2013). D on n nm 2030, xe ti vn
l phng tin vn chuyn hng ha ch yu nhng chim t l t hn (57%), sau l x lan
(35%), tu ha (4%), tu bin (3%), cn li l my bay (0.03%).

V cht lng, h thng xe ti ca Vit Nam gi ci, li thi v t c bo dng

thng xuyn do vn ti ng b ch yu l cc doanh nghip va v nh khng t hiu qu
kinh t nh quy m (Bo co ca Ngn hng th gii, 2012). Ngoi ra, xe ti thng lm vic
lin tc, khng c ci t thit b GPS trn xe, khu hao thit b ln. i vi tu bin, 80% s
tu bin c nng lc vn ti nh hn 50000 DWT, thuc nhm trung bnh thp so vi cc nc
trn th gii.

Nhin liu ch yu m cc phng tin giao thng s dng l xng du. C rt t phng
tin s dng ngun nng lng mi hoc xe in chuyn ch hng ha Vit Nam.

Kt qu kho st cc doanh nghip logistics cho thy, cc doanh nghip s dng linh hot
v a dng cc loi hnh vn ti trong hot ng logistics ca mnh. Nhiu doanh nghip s dng
ng thi cc phng thc nh xe ti-my bay hoc xe ti tu bin. Xe ti l phng tin vn
chuyn hng ha ch yu (81,8%) tip theo l my may (72,7%) v tu bin (63,6%). S lng
doanh nghip vn ti hng ha bng tu ha, x lan rt t. Kt qu ny bao gm c cc doanh

20
nghip ng thi s dng ng thi nhiu phng thc vn ti. Ngoi ra, tt c doanh nghip
c kho st u s dng ngun nhin liu l xng du.

Tu ha
10%
X lan Xe ti
13% 29%

Tu bin
22% My bay
26%

Hnh 7: Tnh hnh s dng phng tin vn ti ca cc doanh nghip kho st

4.1.3. Kho bi

Nhn chung, h thng kho bi ca Vit Nam cn nh l v phn tn. S lng cc kho bi
c v tr gn cng, sn by hay khu cng nghip nhm nng cao hiu qu hot ng hin vn cn
cha ph bin Vit Nam. Cc kho bi c din tch nh v nng lc hn ch. Bn cnh ,
nhng kho bi hin c u c cht lng thp hn so vi cc nc chu khc. Nhiu kho bi
khng c sn b tng, ch c xy bng gch trn mt nn ct nn sn nh khng bng phng,
d lm h hng hng ha. Ngoi ra, nhit v m ca kho bi khng n nh, nh hng
n cht lng hng ha nu lu kho trong thi gian di. V s dng nng lng cho h thng
kho bi, cc nh kho ch yu s dng ngun in phc v nhu cu thp sng v kim sot nhit
ca kho bi khi cn thit.

Kho st thc trng kho bi ca cc doanh nghip ti Vit Nam, cho thy kt qu nh
hnh sau. Cc doanh nghip c kho st ch yu s dng h thng kho bi c din tch ln,
cha c nhiu hng ha cng tt (81,8%) v gn cc u mi giao thng quan trng, ngay ti
sn bay hoc cng bin (72,7%). Ch c 9,1% s doanh nghip lp t h thng iu ha cho nh
kho ca h trong khi hu ht cc doanh nghip cn li u khng s dng. Hu ht cc doanh

21
nghip cng u tr li rng h thng kho ca h tt kieemk nng lng (81,8%) v thn thin
vi mi trng (72,7%). Kt qu kho st c th hin trong hnh di y.

Bng 3: Thc trng kho bi ca cc doanh nghip kho st

ng Sai (%)
(%)
Kho bi din tch ln, cha c cng nhiu hng ha cng tt 81,8 18,2
Kho bi gn cc u mi giao thng quan trng, sn bay, cng bin 72,7 27,3
Nh kho c lp t h thng iu ha 9,1 90,9
Nh kho tit kim nng lng 81,8 18,2
Nh kho thn thin vi mi trng 72,7 27,3

4.1.4. H thng cng ngh thng tin lin lc (ITC)

Nhn chung, c rt t s liu v thng tin v thc trng h thng cng ngh thng tin lin lc
logistics ca Vit Nam hin nay. Tuy nhin, c th thy rng, h thng ITC cho logistics ca
Vit Nam mi c u t v cn u t pht trin rt ln trong tng lai. Bo co Giao thng
vn ti v Logistics Thch thc v c hi ch ra rng c s h tng ITC ca Vit Nam vn cn
thp km so vi cc nc chu khc nh Singapore, Thi Lan,... Vit Nam, vic s dng
phng php EDI gi v nhn d liu thng tin gia cc doanh nghip logistics v hi quan
mi c p dng v cha t hiu qu. Ngoi ra, h thng nh v v tr phng tin vn ti
GPS cng cha c a vo vn hnh i vi cc phng tin giao thng vn ti. iu ny cho
thy s km pht trin ca h thng ITC trong ngnh logistics ca Vit Nam hin nay.

Kt qu kho st cc doanh nghip cng b sung cho kt lun trn. Ch c 18,2% s doanh
nghip c hi s dng h thng nh v ton cu GPS xc nh v tr phng tin vn ti v
36,4% s doanh nghip s dng h thng h thng khai bo hi quan in t. C 54,5% s doanh
nghip c hi s dng h thng ITC xc nh l trnh vn chuyn v 63,6% s doanh
nghip s dng vi mc ch kim sot hng tn kho v kho bi ca doanh nghip.

22
 70
60
50
40 63.6

30 54.5
20 36.4

10 18.2

0
S dng h thng nh S dng h thng h S dng h thng ITC S dng h thng ITC
v ton cu GPS xc thng khai bo hi xc nh l trnh kim sot hng tn
nh v tr phng tin quan in t vn chuyn kho v kho bi

Hnh 8: Thc trng h thng ITC ca doanh nghip c kho st

4.1.5. Thc trng nhng chnh sch pht trin logistics xanh lin quan n CSHT logistics
ca chnh ph

Ngy 30.6.2010, B GTVT ban hnh Thng t s 16/2010/TT-BGTVT quy nh chi

tit v qun l, khai thc cng hng khng, sn bay. Thng t quy nh r, cc d n quy hoch,
u t xy dng cng hng khng, sn bay phi c lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
v c kim tra, gim st vic thc hin cc gii php bo v mi trng, phi tun th php
lut v bo v mi trng, php lut v hng khng dn dng, cc tiu chun mi trng ca VN
v cc iu c quc t m VN l thnh vin.

Ngy 06.6.2011, Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh Quyt nh s 855/Q-TTg ph

duyt n kim sot nhim mi trng trong hot ng giao thng vn ti vi tng kinh ph
c ph duyt l 700 t ng. Mc tiu tng qut l kim sot, phng nga, hn ch gia tng
nhim mi trng, hng ti xy dng h thng GTVT bn vng, thn thin vi mi trng.
Theo , n nm 2015, t nht 30% cng bin quc t c trang b phng tin thu gom, x l
rc thi, du thi t tu bin,...ng thi hon thin bn ting n i vi 50% cng hng
khng, sn bay...n nm 2020, hon thin bn ting n i vi tt c cc cng hng khng;
duy tr thc hin tiu chun kh thi phng tin giao thng c gii ng b; 70% cng bin
quc t; 50% cng bn thy ni a loi 1 c trang b phng tin, thit b thu gom rc thi, du

23
thi t cc tu. V nh hng n nm 2030, tp trung pht trin h thng giao thng vn ti
thn thin vi mi trng, c bn kim sot c cc thnh phn gy nhim mi trng trn
tt c cc lnh vc ng b, ng st, ng thy ni a, hng hi v hng khng.

Ngy 25.10.2012, Th tng chnh ph ban hnh Quyt nh v Chin lc quc gia v
tng trng xanh, trong c cp n vic u t pht trin c s h tng giao thng vn ti
theo hng bn vng. Theo , Chnh ph ch trng tng cng u t vo i mi v nng
cp h thng c s h tng giao thng hin c nh ng b, ng st v hng hi theo hng
hiu qu v nng lng v thn thin vi mi trng, ng ph vi bin i kh hu nhm tun
th cc yu cu trong sn xut, kinh doanh v vn ti bn vng ng thi m bo cho cc hot
ng xut nhp khu gia cc vng trn c nc cng nh gia Vit Nam vi cc nc trn th
gii. Ngoi ra, pht trin h thng giao thng vn ti nhm tp trung v kt ni cc trung tm
kinh t v cc khu cng nghip trng im thng qua vic u t vo c s h tng theo hng
hin i v tin tin.

4.2. Tc ng ca c s h tng logistics n thc hin chui cung ng xanh ca doanh

nghip ti Vit Nam

4.2.1. Tc ng ca c s h tng giao thng vn ti

C s h tng giao thng vn ti h tr quyt nh xanh ha logistics v tc ng n

mc xanh ha trong vn ti xanh.

Trc ht, s pht trin ca c s h tng giao thng vn ti ca Vit Nam hin nay h
tr quyt nh xanh ha logistics ca doanh nghip ti Vit Nam. Vi vic m rng v xy dng
mt lot h thng ng cao tc trng im to iu kin thun li cho cc doanh nghip vn ti
ti Vit Nam vn chuyn hng ha nhanh hn v d dng hn, t tit kim thi gian v chi
ph vn chuyn. Bn cnh , vic xy dng h thng cng xanh Lch Huyn hay m hnh cng
nc su Ci Mp Th Vi gip cc doanh nghip thun li hn trong vn ti hng hi, tip cn
nhng dch v vn ti tin tin, hin i v thn thin m trng hn, t t c hiu qu li
nhun cao hn. Khi t c hiu qu v kinh t, cc doanh nghip s quan tm hn n hiu
qu v mi trng trong hot ng vn ti hng ha ca mnh, t thc y doanh nghip
quyt nh thc hin logistics xanh.

24
 Khi c hi v c s h tng logistics no c nh hng n quyt nh xanh ha
logistics ca doanh nghip, 72,7% i din doanh nghip cho rng thc trng c s h tng giao
thng vn ti hin ti ca Vit Nam nh hng n quyt nh xanh ha logistics ca doanh
nghip. C th thy, c s h tng giao thng vn ti c tc ng ln i vi quyt nh thc
hin logistics xanh ca doanh nghip ti Vit Nam.

Bn cnh , cht lng c s h tng giao thng vn ti ca Vit Nam nh hng n

mc xanh ha trong vn ti xanh. nh gi cht lng c s h tng giao thng vn ti ca
Vit Nam, chng ta s dng cc tiu ch bao gm: Mc n tc, tnh kt ni vi cc CSHT
khc, vng i s dng, mc vn hnh, v tr v mc phn b v s lng CSHT GTVT.
Theo cc tiu ch , mc n tc l yu t tc ng n mc xanh ha logistics ca 81,8%
s doanh nghip c kho st. Tip l tnh kt ni gia cc loi c s h tng giao thng vn
ti (63,6%), v tr v mc phn b (54,5%). Cc yu t nh s lng CSHT v vng i s
dng t nh hng ti mc xanh ha ca cc doanh nghip logistics ti Vit Nam.

Vng i s dng 27.3

S lng 36.3

V tr v mc phn b 54.5

Tnh kt ni 63.6

Mc n tc 81.8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Hnh 9: Tc ng ca c s h tng giao thng vn ti ti mc xanh ha logistics xanh

ca doanh nghip ti Vit Nam

Thc trng c s h tng giao thng vn ti ca Vit Nam th hin nhng tc ng trn.
Mc d vn ti ng st v ng bin c coi l hai phng thc vn ti t nhim nht v
thn thin vi mi trng nht nhng ti Vit Nam, ng b l mng kt ni ch yu gia cc

25
khu cng nghip v cng bin, iu ny lm gim yu t xanh trong hot ng logistics ti Vit
Nam. Bn cnh , thc trng n tc giao thng nghim trng thng xuyn xy ra cc tuyn
ng b quan trng nh Quc l 5 v Quc l 51 v ti cc cng bin dn n vic cc hng
sn xut phi mt nhiu thi gian hn chuyn cngten n hng vn ti bin. Xe ti ch hng
di chuyn t H Ni n Hi Phng bng Quc l 5 ch mt 2h nu vo gi thp im, tuy nhin,
thi gian ko di ln n 4h bi tnh trng n tc trn tuyn ng ny. Tnh trng n tc thng
xuyn xy ra lm cc phng tin giao thng tiu tn nhiu nhin liu v thi nhiu lng kh
thi ra mi trng hn, t lm gim mc xanh ha trong logistics xanh. Cng vi , mc
d s lng cc cng trnh giao thng ca Vit Nam kh ln nhng b phn tn dn n tnh
trng mt cn i v cung cu ti min bc v min nam. Xt v cht lng vn hnh, cht lng
mt ng xu, mt ng b gy nt v s thiu ht h thng ng ray kh ln ca Vit Nam
hin nay lm gim tc di chuyn ca cc phng tin giao thng. Trong vn ti thy ni a,
lng sng nng nn khng th lu thng x lan ch congteno mc d y l phng tin thn
thin vi mi trng. S hn ch v chiu di bn cng ti cc cng ca Vit Nam hin nay cng
gy kh khn nu hai tu vo bn cng lc ti mt cng, dn n tnh trng mt tu phi neo u
ngoi bn gy lng ph nhin liu v tng lng rc thi ca tu trong thi gian ch. Nh vy,
c th thy, tnh trng yu km ca c s h tng giao thng vn ti ca Vit Nam hin nay
lm gim mc xanh ha logistics ti Vit Nam.

4.2.2. Tc ng ca phng tin giao thng vn ti

Cn c vo thc trng phng tin giao thng vn ti ca Vit Nam, phng tin giao
thng vn ti c tc ng ln n quyt nh thc hin logistics xanh cng nh phng thc v
mc xanh ha logistics.

Trc ht, phng tin GTVT h tr quyt nh la chn thc hin logistics xanh ca cc
doanh nghip logistics ti Vit Nam. Theo kt qu kho st, tt c cc doanh nghip logistics
c hi cho rng phng tin giao thng vn ti l yu t m cc doanh nghip quan tm nht
khi quyt nh thc hin logistics xanh. iu ny c th l gii l do tnh linh ng v d iu
chnh ca cc phng tin giao thng vn ti so vi cc loi c s h tng logistics khc. Khc
vi c s h tng giao thng vn ti chu s qun l v iu hnh ca chnh ph, cc phng tin
giao thng vn ti l yu t m cc doanh nghip c th ch ng la chn v iu chnh c.

26
 Vi s a dng ca cc phng tin giao thng vn ti ti Vit Nam hin nay nh xe ti,
x lan, tu ha, my bay v tu bin, da trn cc c im thn thin vi mi trng ca tng
loi phng tin giao thng vn ti l cn c v l yu t thc y cc doanh nghip Vit Nam
quyt nh thc hin vn ti xanh trong hot ng logistics ca mnh.

Bn cnh , cht lng phng tin giao thng vn ti nh hng n mc xanh ha

trong vn ti xanh trong hot ng logistics ti Vit Nam. Cc tiu ch nh gi cht lng ca
phng tin giao thng vn ti bao gm: Vng i s dng, lng hng ha vn chuyn, lng
nng lng tiu th, loi nng lng tiu th v mc bo tr. Theo , s lng phng tin
giao thng vn ti l yu t m tt c cc doanh nghip cho rng c nh hng ti mc xanh
ha logistics ca h. Nhiu i din doanh nghip cng nhn nh cc yu t nh loi nng
lng tiu th (81,8%), vng i s dng ca phng tin (63,6%), mc bo tr v lng
nng lng tiu th (54,5%) c nh hng n mc xanh ha logistics ca h. Ngoi ra, trng
ti l yu t c t doanh nghip la chn nht (27,3%).

Trng ti 27.3

Lng nng lng tiu th 54.5

Mc bo tr 54.5

Vng i s dng 63.6

Loi nng lng tiu th 81.8

S lng phng tin 100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Hnh 10: Tc ng ca phng tin giao thng vn ti ti mc xanh ha logistics trong

thc hin chui cung ng xanh ca doanh nghip ti Vit Nam

Thc trng phng tin giao thng vn ti ca Vit Nam hin nay th hin tc ng trn.

27
 Vit Nam, s lng ln cc phng tin giao thng vn ti l mt trong nhng nguyn
nhn ch yu dn n tnh trng n tc ti cc tuyn ng. S lng cc phng tin vn ti
qu nhiu, trong khi nng lc ca h thng c s h tng giao thng vn ti cn yu, tt yu dn
n n tc. Khi n tc xy ra, cc phng tin vn ti dng li trn ng v vn tiu th nng
lng, dn ti vic s dng khng hiu qu nhin liu cng nh thi lng kh thi nhiu hn ra
mi trng. Do , l yu t quan trng nht th hin tc ng ca phng tin giao thng
vn ti n mc xanh ha logistics trong thc hin chui cung ng xanh ca hu ht cc
doanh nghip ti Vit Nam. Ngoi ra, cc yu t nh loi nng lng tiu th v vng i ca
sn phm cng l nhng yu t quan trng. Hu ht cc nh vn ti ca Vit Nam s dng xng
du l ngun nhin liu ch yu cho cc phng tin giao thng vn ti, thm ch s dng cho c
h thng pht in ca tu bin ti cng. Trong qu trnh t chy nhin liu bng xng du,
lng kh thi ra mi trng rt ln nu so snh vi cc loi nhin liu khc nh nng lng thay
th hoc nng lng in. iu ny cng trm trng hn bi h thng xe ti, tu bin v tu ha
c k, lc hu, t c bo tr. Lng nng lng tiu th cng nhiu, lng kh thi ra mi
trng cng ln. Do , iu ny lm gim mc xanh ha ca hot ng vn ti xanh. Bn
cnh , h thng phng tin giao thng ca Vit Nam thng xuyn ch vt qu ti trng,
dn n tnh trng lm hng ng, gy nguy him cng nh hng hc hng ha, nh hng n
cht lng hng ha ca doanh nghip. Thc t cho thy rng, Vit Nam l mt nc ph thuc
nhiu vo nng lng ha thch v thiu ht cc tin b k thut trong sng ch cc ngun nng
lng mi, thn thin vi mi trng. C th ni y l kh khn ln nht ca Vit Nam trong
thc y logistics xanh.

Ngoi ra, vic la chn cc phng thc xanh ha thng qua phng tin giao thng vn
ti v thng qua nhin liu m cc phng tin vn ti s dng cng chu tc ng bi cht
lng ca phng tin giao thng vn ti Vit Nam hin nay. C th coi phng tin giao
thng vn ti l loi c s h tng c tc ng nhiu nht n phng thc xanh ha trong
logistics xanh, c th l trong vn ti xanh. Trong cc la chn xanh ha nh th no, phng
thc xanh ha vn ti a phng thc (90,9%) v thay th phng tin vn ti c, li thi
(72,7%) c nhiu doanh nghip la chn nht. Sau l kim sot lng kh thi v lng
nng lng tiu th ca phng tin v s dng phng tin vn ti s dng nng lng thay
th v nng lng mi (u chim 36,3%). Ch 18,2% s i din doanh nghip la chn

28
phng thc xanh ha bng cch chuyn i phng tin vn ti. Kt qu kho st th hin
trong hnh di y.

Chuyn i phng tin vn ti 18.2

S dng phng tin vn ti s dng

36.3
nng lng thay th v nng
Kim sot lng kh thi v lng
36.3
nng lng tiu th ca phng tin
Thay th phng tin vn ti c, li
72.7
thi

Vn ti a phng thc 90.9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Hnh 11: Tc ng ca phng tin giao thng vn ti n phng thc xanh ha logistics
trong chui cung ng xanh ca doanh nghip ti Vit Nam

Kt qu trn th hin tc ng ca phng tin giao thng vn ti n phng thc xanh

ha logistics ti Vit Nam. Thc t cho thy, c nhiu doanh nghip Vit Nam ang s dng
nhiu hn mt phng tin vn ti trong hot ng logistics ca mnh, tuy nhin cc doanh
nghip cha c nhng hiu bit v vic kt hp s dng cc phng thc vn ti nhm ti u li
ch mi trng ca hot ng logistics nh ng st-ng bin, ng b-ng st-ng
bin. Do , khi cc doanh nghip nhn thc c nhng li ch ny, cc doanh nghip c xu
hng la chn phng thc xanh ha bng vn ti a phng thc nhiu hn. Tng t nh
vy, vi h thng phng tin vn ti lu nm, li thi, trc p lc v tit kim nhin liu v
gim tc hi ti mi trng, cc doanh nghip la chn thay th phng tin vn ti c bi
khng ch nm trong k hoch u t ca doanh nghip m cn gip hot ng logistics ca
doanh nghip c cht lng v uy tn hn. Vn kim sot lng kh thi v lng nng
lng tiu th ca phng tin cng nh s dng phng tin dng nng lng thay th v
nng lng mi khng phi l phng thc xanh ha m cc doanh nghip la chn bi thc t
cho thy cc doanh nghip logistics ca Vit Nam cn ang ph thuc qu nhiu vo ngun

29
nhin liu l xng du, vn pht minh v sng ch ngun nng lng mi rt kh khn v chi
ph cng nh ngun lc. Kt qu kho st cng cho thy rng 81,8% s doanh nghip c hi
khng c nh chuyn i loi nhin liu ang s dng, ch c 18,2% s doanh nghip c
nh chuyn i sang s dng nhin liu thay th cho phng tin vn ti. Cui cng, chuyn
i phng tin vn ti sang s dng tu ha v tu biu nhiu hn l phng thc t hiu qu
v mi trng nhng do tnh cht ca tu ha v tu bin chuyn ch hng ha ng di v
trng lng ln, thi gian di trong khi nhu cu ca cc doanh nghip logistics Vit Nam ch
yu l hng ha trng lng nh, khong cch ngn nn c y l phng thc m t doanh
nghip la chn nht, mc d trn th gii, rt nhiu doanh nghip c xu hng la chn phng
thc xanh ha ny.

4.2.3. Tc ng ca kho bi

Kho bi l nhn t nh hng n quyt nh xanh ha logistics ca 45,5% s doanh

nghip c kho st. Vic thiu ht cc kho bi gn cc tuyn ng giao thng chnh, sn bay
v cng bin gy kh khn trong vic tp hp hng ha trc khi vn chuyn ti ngi tiu dng
cui cng. iu ny gy kh khn cho cc doanh nghip trong vic c la chn xanh ha kho bi
hay khng. Tuy nhin, cc doanh nghip u khng nh rng kho bi ca cng ty h c cc
iu kin thc hin xanh ha logistics. iu ny cho thy tim nng cao trong xanh ha kho
bi ti Vit Nam.

Cht lng kho bi c nh hng ti mc xanh ha logistics c gc trc tip v

gin tip. Cht lng sn nh km v m trong kho khng n nh nh hng trc tip n
cht lng ca hng ha cha trong kho. iu ny mt phn l do s thiu ht trong vic lp t
h thng iu ha nhm kim sot nhit v m ca kho. Tuy nhin, mc d hu cc doanh
nghip ca Vit Nam s dng h thng kho bi c din tch ln nhng iu ny khng nh
hng qu nhiu n mc xanh ha trong hot ng lu tr xanh v mt nng lng tiu th.
Vic ch s dng ngun in nhm mc ch thp sng khng tiu th nhiu nng lng so vi
vic s dng h thng iu ha kim sot nhit v m trong kho. Tuy nhin, nu xt v
tiu ch m bo cht lng hng ha, iu ny vn cn phi xem xt mt cch r rng hn. Do
, tc ng ca kho bi ti mc xanh ha logistics trong thc hin chui cung ng xanh ca
doanh nghip ti Vit Nam vn cha c r rng v c th.

30
 Tuy nhin, cht lng ca kho bi nh hng gin tip ti mc xanh ha logistics
trong thc hin chui cung ng xanh ca doanh nghip ti Vit Nam thng qua vic nh gi
hiu qu just-in-time trong hot ng logistics xanh. C qu nhiu nh kho tp hp ti mt a
im cng mi mc ngy cng gia tng ca s lng cc phng tin vn ti l nguyn nhn
gy ra tnh trng n tc ti cc tuyn ng ni vi cng cng nh ti cng. Ngoi ra, s sp xp
khng hp l hng ha trong kho gy kh khn cho cc nh vn ti trong vic tm ng hng ha
bc d v vn chuyn, dn ti vic ko di thi gian cng nh chm tr trong ton b chui
cung ng. Do , iu ny lm gim hiu qu just-in-time v mc xanh ha logistics trong
thc hin chui cung ng xanh ti Vit Nam.

4.2.4. Tc ng ca h thng cng ngh thng tin lin lc (ITC)

Cng ngh thng tin lin lc cn kh mi m trong ngnh cng nghip logistics ti Vit
Nam, c bit l logistics xanh. Ch c 27,3% doanh nghip cho rng ITC l mt trong cc yu t
thc y doanh nghip quyt nh thc hin logistics xanh. S mi m v cha pht trin ca h
thng ITC ti Vit Nam c th gii thch c vn ny.

H thng ITC nh hng n mc xanh ha logistics ti Vit Nam. C th thy, vic

mi p dng cng nh cha ng b trong vic p dng h thng khai bo hi quan in t gia
cc doanh nghip gy kh khn v t thun tin cho vic gii quyt cc th tc thng quan hng
ha, t lm chm tr chui cung ng. Tuy nhin, vic p dng h thng nh v GPS ca hng
vn ti bin kim sot v tr ca tu bin l mt sng kin quan trng thc y mc xanh
ha trong hot ng logistics xanh. Tuy nhin, s thiu ht trong s dng h thng GPS i vi
cc phng thc vn ti khc lm hn ch vic kim sot v tr cc phng tin giao thng, do
lm cho vic thc hin vn ti a phng thc khng hiu qu do cc phng tin phi mt thi
gian ch ti cc nt giao. Cng vi , h thng kim sot hng tn kho v cht lng kho bi
cha c p dng rng ri ti Vit Nam cng gy kh khn cho cc doanh nghip trong vic
kim sot lng nng lng tiu th trong hot ng lu tr hng ha ti kho. Nhng tc ng
trn lm gim mc xanh ha trong hot ng logistics xanh ti Vit Nam.

4.2.5. Tc ng ca nhng chnh sch u t c s h tng n thc hin chui cung ng xanh
ti Vit Nam

31
 Nhn chung, nhng chnh sch v quy nh ca chnh ph lin quan n c s h tng
logistics to iu kin v thc y cc doanh nghip thc hin xanh ha logistics trong chui
cung ng xanh.

Cc d n xy dng nhng tuyn ng cao tc mi, c bit l h thng ng cao tc

trn cao di s kim sot ca Chnh ph v cc B gip cc doanh nghip logistics ca Vit
Nam d dng hn trong vic vn chuyn hng ha, t rt ngn c thi gian vn chuyn
cng nh lng nhin liu tiu th. Bn cnh , iu ny cn gii quyt c mt phn hin
tng n tc nghim trng ti cc tuyn ng giao thng so vi trc y, t lm tng mc
xanh ha ca hot ng logistics trong chui cung ng xanh. V d, vic a vo s dng
tuyn ng cao tc TP H Ch Minh Du Giy vo ngy 8 thng 2 nm 2015 c tc dng
ng k trong vic gim thi gian vn chuyn ca xe ti t ba gi xung cn mt gi cng nh
gim lng nng lng tiu th nh rt ngn c 20km ng vn chuyn so vi tuyn ng
trc y. Bn cnh , mt phn ca tuyn ng cao tc H Ni Hi Phng, on Hi Phng
Hi Dng s c chnh thc a vo hot ng vo ngy 19/5/2015 d kin s tit kim thi
gian vn chuyn l 1,5h i vi xe ti vn chuyn hng ha t H Ni n Hi Phng.

Ngoi ra, cc quy nh v ng kim lin quan n cht lng ca phng tin m bo
cc tiu chun mi trng buc cc doanh nghip vn ti ti Vit Nam phi thng xuyn
thay i v nng cp h thng phng tin vn ti ca h, hng ti vic s dng cc phng
tin thn thin vi mi trng, t lm tng mc xanh ha logistics. Bn cnh , gn y,
B giao thng vn ti p dng nghim ngt cc quy nh v trng ti hng ha ca cc
phng tin vn ti cng nh pht nng cc phng tin ch qu ti. iu ny khng ch gip
lm gim mc h hi mt ng do cc phng tin qu ti gy ra m cn m bo c tnh
an ton cho hng ha trong qu trnh vn chuyn.

Tuy nhin, vn cn tn ti mt s hn ch trong cc quy nh ca chnh ph lin quan n

c s h tng logistics nh hng n vic thc hin chui cung ng xanh ca doanh nghip ti
Vit Nam. Trc tin, cc quy nh mc d c ban hnh t pha Chnh ph nhng vic thc
hin cc quy nh trong thc t vn cn cha t hiu qu. Vn cn xut hin tnh trng tham
nhng, hi l trong vic thc hin cc d n xy dng, t lm gim cht lng ca h thng
c s h tng giao thng vn ti. Tng t, tnh trng hi l trong ng kim cht lng phng

32
tin vn ti vn cn tn ti, t dn n vic khng cng bng gia cc doanh nghip thc hin
logistics xanh v cc doanh nghip khng thc hin.

Bn cnh , cc quy nh v chnh sch hin ti ca Chnh ph Vit Nam mi ch tp

trung vo vn ti ng b. Vic hn ch cc quy nh lin quan n cc loi c s h tng giao
thng vn ti khc cng nh cc loi c s h tng logistics khc nh kho bi hay h thng ITC
dn n tnh trng thiu ng b trong vic p dng v thc hin logistics xanh trong chui cung
ng xanh ti Vit Nam. iu ny c th lm gim mc xanh ha ca hot ng logistics.

4.3. Kin ngh i vi Chnh ph v doanh nghip

C th thy c s h tng logistics ca Vit Nam cn yu km v l thch thc ln i

vi cc doanh nghip ti Vit Nam trong vic xanh ha chui cung ng ca mnh. Do , t ra
yu cu cho Chnh ph v cc cng ty ti Vit Nam cn tch cc v ch ng nghin cu v p
dng nhng bin php v sng kin xanh v c s h tng logistics t kinh nghim pht trin c
s h tng logistics hng ti tng trng xanh ca nc trn th gii.

4.3.1. i vi Chnh ph

Quy hoch h thng c s h tng logistics

Chnh ph cn quy hoch hp l v thit k tng th c s h tng logistics hin c

nng cao hiu qu v hiu sut ton din ca h thng c s h tng. Th nht, cn m rng quy
m u t c s h tng giao thng vn ti, nng cao cht lng ng b, ng st, ng
hng khng v ng bin trong ch trng pht trin h thng cng bin v vn ti bin bi
phng thc vn ti ng bin c tim nng xanh ha v gim pht thi cao trong chui cung
ng cng nh tn dng nhng li th v bin ca Vit Nam. Bn cnh vic u t pht trin cng
bin, cng cn u t h thng c s h tng, ng cao tc ni lin cng bin vi cc trc
ng chnh, y mnh qu trnh ri ngn tp trung hon thnh cc d n, trnh tnh trng cng
hon thnh m hng khng th vn chuyn ti ni nh hin nay. Ngoi ra, cn y mnh vic
ci thin mng li giao thng tch hp pht trin hnh thc vn ti a phng thc nh
trng hp ca c. i vi h tng CNTT, Nh nc cn pht trin mng li cng ngh s

33
dng cho hot ng logistics thc hin nhanh chng cc th tc khai bo hi quan, tit kim
thi gian vn chuyn hng ha.

Hon thin cc quy nh v lut l v logistics xanh

Chnh ph cn tip tc hon thin cc chnh sch v mi trng, tr cp v h tr v

thu, chnh sch cho vay u i i vi cc doanh nghip thc hin chui cung ng xanh v
logistics xanh nhm khuyn khch cc doanh nghip. Ngoi ra, chnh ph cn h tr v khuyn
khch cc doanh nghip tng cng cc hot ng R&D p dng cng ngh thng tin vo hot
ng logistics thng qua vic gii thiu v p dng cng ngh tin tin trn th gii nng cao
tnh hiu qu ca logistics v gim thiu nhim mi trng.

4.3.2. i vi doanh nghip

Ci tin cht lng ca cc phng tin vn ti

Di p lc ca h thng c s h tng logistics hin ti, vic u t xy dng mi li c

s h tng tn km v mt thi gian, do buc cc doanh nghip phi t thay i phng tin
vn ti ca mnh cho ph hp vi c s h tng sn c. i vi giao thng ng b, cc doanh
nghip cn nng cp v ci tin h thng phng tin vn ti hin ti, thay th xe ti c bng
dng xe ti mi, tiu chun ha kch thc xe ti. i vi giao thng ng bin, cn thay th
tu ln bng tu nh hn, gim tc tu tit kim nng lng nh trng hp ca cc doanh
nghip Trung Quc.

p dng vn ti a phng thc

Cc doanh nghip nn kt hp cc c im ca nhiu phng thc vn ti vi nhau, la

chn phng thc vn ti kt hp tt nht trn c s gim nhim, t hiu qu vn ti, tit
kim nng lng v bo v mi trng nh kt hp vn ti ng st v ng bin, vn ti
ng thy ni a v ng bin,.

Nghin cu v trin khai cng ngh xanh tin tin

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 Cc doanh nghip cn pht trin cc ngun nng lng mi v s dng phng tin bo
v mi trng thc y s pht trin sch v hiu qu ca cng ngh logistics xanh. S dng
cng ngh GPS qun l thng tin v nh v trong vn ti. ng thi, tng cng pht trin cng
ngh dy chuyn lnh trong qun l kho bi nhm gii quyt cc vn k thut v thit b lin
quan n bo qun nhit, lnh v tit kim nng lng cho h thng kho bi.

Hp tc vi Chnh ph v cc t chc

Tranh th s ng h, khuyn khch, u i ca chnh ph v cc t chc tn dng c

hiu qu c s h tng logistics, to li th cnh tranh trong sn xut, vn hnh v vn chuyn
c nhng ci tin ph hp m bo hiu qu xanh ha chui cung ng ca mnh.

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 38. Vin nghin cu v pht trin logistics Vit Nam, Logistics l g?, c ti:
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Website

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43. Ministry of Transportation Vietnam: http://www.mt.gov.vn/vn/
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trade/top-50-world-container-ports

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