Mathematics Subject Classification

1970 2010

compiled by

Gabriele Dorflinger

Heidelberg, November 2013

Contents

General 5

00 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

History and foundations 5

01 History and biography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

02 Logic and foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

03 Mathematical logic and foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

04 Set theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

05 Combinatorics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Algebra 12

06 Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

08 General algebraic systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

10 Number theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

11 Number theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

12 Field theory and polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

13 Commutative rings and algebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

14 Algebraic geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

15 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

16 Associative rings and algebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

17 Nonassociative rings and algebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

18 Category theory; homological algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

19 K-theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

20 Group theory and generalizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

22 Topological groups, Lie groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2
Analysis 47
26 Real functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
28 Measure and integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
30 Functions of a complex variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
31 Potential theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
32 Several complex variables and analytic spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
33 Special functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
34 Ordinary differential equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
35 Partial differential equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
37 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
39 Difference and functional equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
40 Sequences, series, summability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
41 Approximations and expansions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
42 Fourier analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
43 Abstract harmonic analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
44 Integral transforms, operational calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
45 Integral equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
46 Functional analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
47 Operator theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
49 Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Geometry 95
50 Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
51 Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
52 Convex and discrete geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
53 Differential geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
54 General topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
55 Algebraic topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
57 Manifolds and cell complexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
58 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Probability and statistics 115

60 Probability theory and stochastic processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
62 Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Numerical analysis and computer science 120

65 Numerical analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
68 Computer science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

3
Applications 127
70 Mechanics of particles and systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
73 Mechanics of solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
74 Mechanics of deformable solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
76 Fluid mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
78 Optics, electromagnetic theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
80 Classical thermodynamics, heat transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
81 Quantum theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
82 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
83 Relativity and gravitational theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
85 Astronomy and astrophysics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
86 Geophysics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
90 Operations research, mathematical programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
91 Game theory, economics, social and behavioral sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
92 Biology and other natural sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
93 Systems theory; control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
94 Information and communication, circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Mathematical education 157

97 Mathematics education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Education Version 1970 160

4
00-XX General 00Bxx Conference proceedings and collec-
tions of papers
00B05 Collections of abstracts of lectures
00-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- 00B10 Collections of articles of general interest
torial papers, etc.) 00B15 Collections of articles of miscellaneous
00-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- specific content
vey articles) 00B20 Proceedings of conferences of general in-
terest
00B25 Proceedings of conferences of miscella-
neous specific interest
00Axx General and miscellaneous spe-
00B30 Festschriften
cific topics
00B50 Volumes of selected translations
00A05 General mathematics
00B55 Miscellaneous volumes of translations
00A06 Mathematics for nonmathematicians
00B60 Collections of reprinted articles [See also
(engineering, social sciences, etc.)
01A75]
00A07 Problem books
00B99 None of the above, but in this section
00A08 Recreational mathematics [See also
97A20]
00A09 Popularization of mathematics
00A10 (1980) Collections of papers; proceedings 01-XX History and biography [See also
of conferences of general interest trans- the classification number -03 in the
lation volumes, etc. other sections]
now 00Bxx
00A15 Bibliographies
00A17 External book reviews 01-00 General reference works (handbooks,
00A20 Dictionaries and other general reference dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
works 01-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
00A22 Formularies torial papers, etc.)
00A25 (1980) Methodology and philosophy of 01-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
mathematics vey articles)
now 00A30, 00A35 01-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
00A30 Philosophy of mathematics [See also etc.
03A05] 01-08 Computational methods
00A35 Methodology of mathematics, didactics
[See also 97Cxx, 97Dxx]
00A65 Mathematics and music
00A66 Mathematics and visual arts, visualiza- 01Axx History of mathematics and math-
tion ematicians
00A67 Mathematics and architecture 01A05 General histories, source books
00A69 General applied mathematics {For 01A07 Ethnomathematics, general
physics, see 00A79 and Sections 70 01A10 Paleolithic, Neolithic
through 86} 01A12 Indigenous cultures of the Americas
00A71 Theory of mathematical modeling 01A13 Other indigenous cultures (non-
00A72 General methods of simulation European)
00A73 Dimensional analysis 01A15 Indigenous European cultures (pre-
00A79 Physics (use more specific entries from Greek, etc.)
Sections 70 through 86 when possible) 01A16 Egyptian
00A89 (1980) Physics 01A17 Babylonian
now 00A79 01A20 Greek, Roman
00A99 Miscellaneous topics 01A25 China

5
01A25 (1970) Far East 02Bxx (1970) Classical logical systems
now 01A25, 01A27, 01A29 now 03Bxx
01A27 Japan 02B05 (1970) Propositional calculus
01A29 Southeast Asia now 03B05
01A30 Islam (Medieval) 02B10 (1970) Predicate calculus
01A32 India now 03B10
01A35 Medieval 02B15 (1970) Higher-order predicate calculus
01A40 15th and 16th centuries, Renaissance now 03B15
01A45 17th century 02B20 (1970) Unusual qualifiers
01A50 18th century now 03C80
01A55 19th century 02B25 (1970) Infinitely long sentences
01A60 20th century now .....
01A61 Twenty-first century 02B99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
01A65 Contemporary tion
01A67 Future prospectives now 03B99
01A70 Biographies, obituaries, personalia, bib-
liographies
01A72 Schools of mathematics 02Cxx (1970) Nonclassical formal sys-
01A73 Universities tems
01A74 Other institutions and academies now .....
01A75 Collected or selected works; reprint- 02C05 (1970) Many-valued logic
ings or translations of classics [See also now 03B50
00B60] 02C10 (1970) Modal logic, etc.
01A80 Sociology (and profession) of mathemat- now 03B45
ics 02C15 (1970) Formalizations of intuitionism,
01A85 Historiography etc.
01A90 Bibliographic studies now .....
01A99 Miscellaneous topics 02C20 (1970) Combinatory logic
now 03B40
02C99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
02-XX Logic and foundations
now .....
This section has been deleted. [See now
03-XX]

02Dxx (1970) Proof theory

02-01 (1970) Elementary exposition now 03Fxx
now 03-01 02D05 (1970) Proof theoretic ordinals
02-02 (1970) Advanced exposition now 03F15
now 03-02 02D99 (1970) Other proof theory
02-03 (1970) Historical now .....
now 03-03
02-04 (1970) Explicit machine computation
and programs
02Exx (1970) Constructive mathematics
now 04-01
now 03Fxx
02E05 (1970) Intuitionistic mathematics
now 03F55
02A05 (1970) Philosophical and critical 02E10 (1970) Algorithms
now 03A05 now .....
02E15 (1970) Computable functions
now .....

6
02E99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec- 02G20 (1970) Completeness, categoricity, etc.
tion now .....
now ..... 02G99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now .....
02Fxx (1970) Recursion theory
now 03Dxx
02F05 (1970) Thue and Post systems, etc. 02Hxx (1970) Model theory
now 03D03 now 03Cxx
02F10 (1970) Automata 02H05 (1970) Models for theories in classical
now 03D05 predicate calculus
02F15 (1970) Turing machines now .....
now 03D10 02H10 (1970) Models for other theories
02F20 (1970) Classification of recursive func- now .....
tions 02H13 (1970) Model construction
now 03D20 now .....
02F25 (1970) Recursively enumerable sets 02H15 (1970) Applications in algebra, number
now 03D25 theory, etc.
02F27 (1970) Recursion theory on ordinals and now 03C98
sets and other abstract structures 02H20 (1970) Nonstandard models
now 03D60 now 03Hxx
02F29 (1970) Recursion theory at higher type 02H25 (1970) Applications of nonstandard
now 03D65 models
02F30 (1970) Degrees of unsolvability now 03H05, 03H10
now ..... 02H99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
02F35 (1970) Hierarchies tion
now 03D55 now 03C99, 03H99
02F50 (1970) Recursive equivalence types
now 03D40
02F43 (1970) Formal systems for computability
now ..... 02Jxx (1970) Algebraic logic
02F45 (1970) Combinatorical functions now 03Gxx
now ..... 02J05 (1970) Boolean algebras, lattices, topolo-
02F47 (1970) Word problems gies
now 03D40 now 03G05
02F50 (1970) Applications 02J10 (1970) Algebra of relations
now 03D80 now 03G15
02F99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec- 02J15 (1970) Cylindric and polyadic algebras
tion now 03G15
now 03D99 02J99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now 03G99
02Gxx (1970) Methodology of deductive
systems
now ..... 02Kxx (1970) Set theory
02G05 (1970) Decidability and undecidability now 03Exx
now ..... 02K05 (1970) Consistency and independence
02G10 (1970) Axiomatizability results
now ..... now 03E35
02G15 (1970) Finite axiomatizability 02K10 (1970) Nonclassical set theories
now ..... now 03E70

7
02K15 (1970) Axiomatics 03B20 Subsystems of classical logic (including
now 03E30 intuitionistic logic)
02K20 (1970) Axiom of choice and equivalent 03B22 Abstract deductive systems
propositions 03B25 Decidability of theories and sets of sen-
now 03E25 tences [See also 11U05, 12L05, 20F10]
02K25 (1970) Continuum hypothesis, general- 03B30 Foundations of classical theories (in-
ized continuum hypothesis cluding reverse mathematics) [See also
now 03E50 03F35]
02K30 (1970) Descriptive set theory; Borel 03B35 Mechanization of proofs and logical op-
classifications, Suslin schemes, etc. erations [See also 68T15]
now 03E15 03B40 Combinatory logic and lambda-calculus
02K35 (1970) Large cardinals and ordinals [See also 68N18]
now 03E55 03B42 Logic of knowledge and belief
02K99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec- 03B44 Temporal logic
tion 03B45 Modal logic {For knowledge and belief
now 03E99 see 03B42; for temporal logic see 03B44;
for provability logic see also 03F45}
03B45 (1980) Modal and tense logic, entail-
ment, etc.
03-XX Mathematical logic and foun-
now 03B45, 03B47
dations
03B46 (1991) Relevance and entailment
now 03B47
03-00 General reference works (handbooks, 03B47 Substructural logics (including rele-
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) vance, entailment, linear logic, Lam-
03-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- bek calculus, BCK and BCI logics) {For
torial papers, etc.) proof-theoretic aspects see 03F52}
03-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- 03B48 Probability and inductive logic [See also
vey articles) 60A05]
03-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least 03B50 Many-valued logic
one classification number from Section 03B52 Fuzzy logic; logic of vagueness [See also
01) 68T27, 68T37, 94D05]
03-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- 03B53 Logics admitting inconsistency (para-
grams (not the theory of computation or consistent logics, discussive logics, etc.)
programming) 03B55 Intermediate logics
03-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, 03B60 Other nonclassical logic
etc. 03B62 Combined logics
03B65 Logic of natural languages [See also
68T50, 91F20]
03B70 Logic in computer science [See also 68-
03Axx Philosophical aspects of logic and XX]
foundations 03B80 Other applications of logic
03A05 Philosophical and critical {For philoso- 03B99 None of the above, but in this section
phy of mathematics, see also 00A30}
03A10 Logic in the philosophy of science
03A99 None of the above, but in this section
03Cxx Model theory
03C05 Equational classes, universal algebra
[See also 08Axx, 08Bxx, 18C05]
03Bxx General logic 03C07 Basic properties of first-order languages
03B05 Classical propositional logic and structures
03B10 Classical first-order logic 03C10 Quantifier elimination, model complete-
03B15 Higher-order logic and type theory ness and related topics

8
03C13 Finite structures [See also 68Q15,
68Q19]
03C15 Denumerable structures
03C20 Ultraproducts and related constructions
03C25 Model-theoretic forcing
03C30 Other model constructions
03C35 Categoricity and completeness of theo-
ries
03C40 Interpolation, preservation, definability
03C45 Classification theory, stability and re-
lated concepts
03C48 Abstract elementary classes and related
topics [See also 03C45]
03C50 Models with special properties (satu-
rated, rigid, etc.)
03C52 Properties of classes of models
03C55 Set-theoretic model theory
03C57 Effective and recursion-theoretic model
theory [See also 03D45]
03C60 Model-theoretic algebra [See also 08C10,
12Lxx, 13L05]
03C62 Models of arithmetic and set theory [See
also 03Hxx]
03C64 Model theory of ordered structures; o-
minimality
03C65 Models of other mathematical theories
03C68 Other classical first-order model theory
03C70 Logic on admissible sets
03C75 Other infinitary logic
03C80 Logic with extra quantifiers and oper-
ators [See also 03B42, 03B44, 03B45,
03B48]
03C85 Second- and higher-order model theory
03C90 Nonclassical models (Boolean-valued,
sheaf, etc.)
03C95 Abstract model theory
03C98 Applications of model theory [See also
03C60]
03C99 None of the above, but in this section
03Dxx Computability and recursion the-
ory
03D03 Thue and Post systems, etc.
03D05 Automata and formal grammars in con-
nection with logical questions [See also
68Q45, 68Q70, 68R15]
03D10 Turing machines and related notions
[See also 68Q05]
03D15 Complexity of computation [See also
68Q15, 68Q17]
9
03D20 Recursive functions and relations, sub-
recursive hierarchies
03D25 Recursively (computably) enumerable
sets and degrees
03D28 Other Turing degree structures
03D30 Other degrees and reducibilities
03D32 Algorithmic randomness and dimension
[See also 68Q30]
03D35 Undecidability and degrees of sets of
sentences
03D40 Word problems, etc. [See also 06B25,
08A50, 20F10, 68R15]
03D45 Theory of numerations, effectively pre-
sented structures [See also 03C57; for
intuitionistic and similar approaches see
03F55]
03D50 Recursive equivalence types of sets and
structures, isols
03D55 Hierarchies
03D60 Computability and recursion theory on
ordinals, admissible sets, etc.
03D65 Higher-type and set recursion theory
03D70 Inductive definability
03D75 Abstract and axiomatic computability
and recursion theory
03D78 Computation over the reals {For con-
structive aspects, see 03F60}
03D80 Applications of computability and re-
cursion theory
03D99 None of the above, but in this section
03Exx Set theory
03E02 Partition relations
03E04 Ordered sets and their cofinalities; pcf
theory
03E05 Other combinatorial set theory
03E10 Ordinal and cardinal numbers
03E15 Descriptive set theory [See also 28A05,
54H05]
03E17 Cardinal characteristics of the contin-
uum
03E20 Other classical set theory (including
functions, relations, and set algebra)
03E25 Axiom of choice and related proposi-
tions
03E30 Axiomatics of classical set theory and its
fragments
03E35 Consistency and independence results
03E40 Other aspects of forcing and Boolean-
valued models
03E45 Inner models, including constructibility, 03G10 Lattices and related structures [See also
ordinal definability, and core models 06Bxx]
03E47 Other notions of set-theoretic definabil- 03G12 Quantum logic [See also 06C15, 81P10]
ity 03G15 Cylindric and polyadic algebras; rela-
03E50 Continuum hypothesis and Martins ax- tion algebras
iom 03G20 Lukasiewicz and Post algebras [See also
03E55 Large cardinals 06D25, 06D30]
03E57 Generic absoluteness and forcing axioms 03G25 Other algebras related to logic [See also
[See also 03E50] 03F45, 06D20, 06E25, 06F35]
03E60 Determinacy principles 03G27 Abstract algebraic logic
03E65 Other hypotheses and axioms 03G30 Categorical logic, topoi [See also 18B25,
03E70 Nonclassical and second-order set theo- 18C05, 18C10]
ries 03G99 None of the above, but in this section
03E72 Fuzzy set theory
03E75 Applications of set theory
03E99 None of the above, but in this section 03Hxx Nonstandard models [See also
03C62]
03H05 Nonstandard models in mathematics
03Fxx Proof theory and constructive [See also 26E35, 28E05, 30G06, 46S20,
mathematics 47S20, 54J05]
03F03 Proof theory, general 03H10 Other applications of nonstandard mod-
03F05 Cut-elimination and normal-form theo- els (economics, physics, etc.)
rems 03H15 Nonstandard models of arithmetic [See
03F07 Structure of proofs also 11U10, 12L15, 13L05]
03F10 Functionals in proof theory 03H20 (1980) Other nonstandard models
03F15 Recursive ordinals and ordinal notations now 03H05
03F20 Complexity of proofs 03H99 None of the above, but in this section
03F25 Relative consistency and interpretations
03F30 First-order arithmetic and fragments
03F35 Second- and higher-order arithmetic and 04-XX Set theory
fragments [See also 03B30] This section has been deleted. [See now
03F40 Godel numberings in proof theory 03Exx]
03F45 Provability logics and related algebras
(e.g., diagonalizable algebras) [See also
04-00 (1991) General reference works (hand-
03B45, 03G25, 06E25]
books, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
03F50 Metamathematics of constructive sys-
now 03-00
tems
04-01 (1991) Instructional exposition (text-
03F52 Linear logic and other substructural log-
books, tutorial papers, etc.)
ics [See also 03B47]
now 03-01
03F55 Intuitionistic mathematics
04-02 (1991) Research exposition (mono-
03F60 Constructive and recursive analysis [See
graphs, survey articles)
also 03B30, 03D45, 26E40, 46S30,
now 03-02
47S30]
04-03 (1991) Historical (must also be assigned
03F65 Other constructive mathematics [See
at least one classification number from
also 03D45]
Section 01)
03F99 None of the above, but in this section
now 03-03
04-04 (1991) Explicit machine computation
and programs (not the theory of compu-
03Gxx Algebraic logic tation or programming)
03G05 Boolean algebras [See also 06Exx] now 03-04

10
04-06 (1991) Proceedings, conferences, collec- 05A10 Factorials, binomial coefficients, com-
tions, etc. binatorial functions [See also 11B65,
now 03-06 33Cxx]
04A03 (1991) Set algebra 05A15 Exact enumeration problems, generat-
now 03E20 ing functions Asymptotic enumeration
04A05 (1991) Relations, functions [See also 33Cxx, 33Dxx]
now 03E20 05A17 Partitions of integers [See also 11P81,
04A10 (1991) Ordinal and cardinal numbers; 11P82, 11P83]
generalizations 05A18 Partitions of sets
now 03E10 05A19 Combinatorial identities
04A15 (1991) Descriptive set theory; Borel 05A20 Combinatorial inequalities
classifications, Suslin schemes, etc. 05A30 q-calculus and related topics [See also
now 03E15 03Dxx]
04A20 (1991) Combinatorial set theory 05A40 Umbral calculus
now 03E05 05A99 None of the above, but in this section
04A25 (1991) Axiom of choice and equivalent
propositions
now 03E25 05Bxx Designs and configurations {For ap-
04A30 (1991) Continuum hypothesis, general- plications of design theory, see 94C30}
ized continuum hypothesis 05B05 Block designs [See also 51E05, 62K10]
now 03E30 05B07 Triple systems
04A72 (1991) Fuzzy sets, fuzzy relations 05B10 Difference sets (number-theoretic,
now 03E72 group-theoretic, etc.) [See also 11B13]
04A99 (1991) Miscellaneous topics 05B15 Orthogonal arrays, Latin squares, Room
now 03E99 squares
05B20 Matrices (incidence, Hadamard, etc.)
05B25 Finite geometries [See also 51D20,
51Exx]
05-XX Combinatorics {For finite fields, see 05B30 Other designs, configurations [See also
11Txx}
51E30]
05B35 Matroids, geometric lattices [See also
52B40, 90C27]
05-00 General reference works (handbooks,
05B40 Packing and covering [See also 11H31,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
52C15, 52C17]
05-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
05B45 Tessellation and tiling problems [See
torial papers, etc.)
also 52C20, 52C22]
05-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
05B50 Polyominoes
vey articles)
05B99 None of the above, but in this section
05-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
05-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- 05Cxx Graph theory {For applications of
grams (not the theory of computation or graphs, see 68R10, 90C35, 94C15}
programming) 05C05 Trees
05-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, 05C07 Degree sequences
etc. 05C10 Topological graph theory, imbedding
[See also 57M15, 57M25]
05C12 Distance in graphs
05C15 Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs
05Axx Enumerative combinatorics 05C17 Perfect graphs
05A05 Combinatorial choice problems (subsets, 05C20 Directed graphs (digraphs), tourna-
representatives, permutations) ments

11
05C21 Flows in graphs
05C22 Signed, gain and biased graphs
05Exx Algebraic combinatorics
05C25 Graphs and groups [See also 20F65]
05E05 Symmetric functions
05C30 Enumeration of graphs and maps
05E10 Tableaux, representations of the sym-
05C31 Graph polynomials
metric group [See also 20C30]
05C35 Extremal problems [See also 90C35]
05E15 Combinatorial problems concerning the
05C38 Paths and cycles [See also 90B10]
classical groups [See also 22E45, 33C80]
05C40 Connectivity
05E18 Group actions on combinatorial struc-
05C42 Density (toughness, etc.)
tures
05C45 Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs
05E20 (2000) Group actions on designs, geome-
05C50 Graphs and matrices
tries and codes
05C51 Graph designs and isomomorphic de-
now 05E18
composition [See also 05B30]
05E25 (2000) Group actions on posets and ho-
05C55 Generalized Ramsey theory
mology groups of posets
05C57 Games on graphs [See also 91A43,
now 05E18 [See also 06A11]
91A46]
05E30 Association schemes, strongly regular
05C60 Isomorphism problems (reconstruction
graphs
conjecture, etc.)
05E35 (2000) Orthogonal polynomials
05C62 Graph representations (geometric and
now 05E30
intersection representations, etc.)
05E40 Combinatorial aspects of commutative
05C63 Infinite graphs
algebra
05C65 Hypergraphs
05E45 Combinatorial aspects of simplicial com-
05C69 Dominating sets, independent sets,
plexes
cliques
05E99 None of the above, but in this section
05C70 Factorization, matching, covering and
packing
05C72 Fractional graph theory, fuzzy graph
theory 06-XX Order, lattices, ordered alge-
05C75 Structural characterization of types of braic structures [See also 18B35]
graphs
05C76 Graph operations (line graphs, prod-
ucts, etc.) 06-00 General reference works (handbooks,
05C78 Graph labelling (graceful graphs, band- dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
width, etc.) 06-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
05C80 Random graphs torial papers, etc.)
05C81 Random walks on graphs 06-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
05C82 Small world graphs, complex networks vey articles)
[See also 90Bxx, 91D30] 06-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
05C83 Graph minors one classification number from Section
05C85 Graph algorithms [See also 68R10, 01)
68W05] 06-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
05C90 Applications grams (not the theory of computation or
05C99 None of the above, but in this section programming)
06-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
05Dxx Extremal combinatorics
05D05 Extremal set theory
05D10 Ramsey theory 06Axx Ordered sets
05D15 Transversal (matching) theory 06A05 Total order
05D40 Probabilistic methods 06A06 Partial order, general
05D99 None of the above, but in this section 06A07 Combinatorics of partially ordered sets

12
06A10 (1980) Partial order 06B25 Free lattices, projective lattices, word
now 06A06 problems [See also 03D40, 08A50,
06A08 (1991) Shellable posets, Cohen- 20F10]
Macaulay posets 06B30 Topological lattices, order topologies
now 06A11 [See also 06F30, 22A26, 54F05, 54H12]
06A09 (1991) Cohomology of posets 06B35 Continuous lattices and posets, appli-
now 06A11 cations [See also 06B30, 06D10, 06F30,
06A11 Algebraic aspects of posets [See also 18B35, 22A26, 68Q55]
05E25] 06B75 Generalizations of lattices
06A12 Semilattices [See also 20M10; for topo- 06B99 None of the above, but in this section
logical semilattices see 22A26]
06A15 Galois correspondences, closure opera-
tors 06Cxx Modular lattices, complemented
06A20 (1970) Lattices, semi-lattices, general- lattices
izations 06C05 Modular lattices, Desarguesian lattices
now ..... 06C10 Semimodular lattices, geometric lattices
06A23 (1991) Complete lattices, completions 06C15 Complemented lattices, orthocomple-
now 06B23 mented lattices and posets [See also
06A30 (1970) Complemented lattices, general- 03G12, 81P10]
izations 06C20 Complemented modular lattices, contin-
now 06Cxx uous geometries
06A35 (1970) Distributive lattices, generaliza- 06C99 None of the above, but in this section
tions
now 06Dxx
06A40 (1970) Boolean algebras and rings
now 06Exx 06Dxx Distributive lattices
06A45 (1970) Ordered topologies 06D05 Structure and representation theory
now 06F30 06D10 Complete distributivity
06A50 (1970) Ordered semigroups, other gener- 06D15 Pseudocomplemented lattices
alizations of groups 06D20 Heyting algebras [See also 03G25]
now 06F05 06D22 Frames, locales {For topological ques-
06A55 (1970) Ordered groups tions see 54-XX}
now 06F15 06D25 Post algebras [See also 03G20]
06A60 (1970) Ordered abelian groups 06D30 De Morgan algebras, Lukasiewicz alge-
now 06F20 bras [See also 03G20]
06A65 (1970) Ordered linear spaces 06D35 MV-algebras
now 06F20 06D50 Lattices and duality
06A70 (1970) Ordered rings, algebras, modules 06D72 Fuzzy lattices (soft algebras) and related
now 06F25 topics
06A75 (1970) Other ordered algebraic structure 06D75 Other generalizations of distributive lat-
now 06F99 tices
06A75 Generalizations of ordered sets 06D99 None of the above, but in this section
06A99 None of the above, but in this section

06Exx Boolean algebras (Boolean rings)

06Bxx Lattices [See also 03G10] [See also 03G05]
06B05 Structure theory 06E05 Structure theory
06B10 Ideals, congruence relations 06E10 Chain conditions, complete algebras
06B15 Representation theory 06E15 Stone space and related constructions
06B20 Varieties of lattices 06E20 Ring-theoretic properties [See also
06B23 Complete lattices, completions 16E50, 16G30]

13
06E25 Boolean algebras with additional opera-
tions (diagonalizable algebras, etc.) [See
also 03G25, 03F45]
06E30 Boolean functions [See also 94C10]
06E75 Generalizations of Boolean algebras
06E99 None of the above, but in this section
06Fxx Ordered structures
06F05 Ordered semigroups and monoids [See
also 20Mxx]
06F07 Quantales
06F10 Noether lattices
06F15 Ordered groups [See also 20F60]
06F20 Ordered abelian groups, Riesz groups,
ordered linear spaces [See also 46A40]
06F25 Ordered rings, algebras, modules {For
ordered fields, see 12J15; see also 13J25,
16W80}
06F30 Topological lattices, order topologies
[See also 06B30, 22A26, 54F05, 54H12]
06F35 BCK-algebras, BCI-algebras [See also
03G25]
06F99 None of the above, but in this section
08-XX General algebraic systems
08-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
08-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
08-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
08-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
08-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
08-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
08Axx Algebraic structures [See also
03C05]
08A02 Relational systems, laws of composition
08A05 Structure theory
08A30 Subalgebras, congruence relations
14
08A35 Automorphisms, endomorphisms
08A40 Operations, polynomials, primal alge-
bras
08A45 Equational compactness
08A50 Word problems [See also 03D40, 06B25,
20F10, 68R15]
08A55 Partial algebras
08A60 Unary algebras
08A62 Finitary algebras
08A65 Infinitary algebras
08A68 Heterogeneous algebras
08A70 Applications of universal algebra in
computer science
08A72 Fuzzy algebraic structures
08A99 None of the above, but in this section
08Bxx Varieties [See also 03C05]
08B05 Equational logic, Malcev (Maltsev) con-
ditions
08B10 Congruence modularity, congruence dis-
tributivity
08B15 Lattices of varieties
08B20 Free algebras
08B25 Products, amalgamated products, and
other kinds of limits and colimits [See
also 18A30]
08B26 Subdirect products and subdirect irre-
ducibility
08B30 Injectives, projectives
08B99 None of the above, but in this section
08Cxx Other classes of algebras
08C05 Categories of algebras [See also 18C05]
08C10 Axiomatic model classes [See also
03Cxx, in particular 03C60]
08C15 Quasivarieties
08C20 Natural dualities for classes of algebras
[See also 06E15, 18A40, 22A30]
08C99 None of the above, but in this section
10-XX Number theory
This section has been deleted. [See now
11-XX]
10-01 (1980) Instructional exposition
now 11-01
10-02 (1980) Research exposition 10Bxx (1980) Diophantine equations
now 11-02 now 11Dxx
10-03 (1980) Historical 10B04 (1980) Linear, quadratic und bilinear
now 11-03 equations
10-04 (1980) Explicit machine computation now 11D04, 11D09
and programs 10B10 (1980) Cubic and quartic equations
now 11-04 now 11D25
10-06 (1980) Proceedings, conferences, collec- 10B15 (1980) Higher degree equations
tions, etc. now 11D41
now 11-06 10B16 (1980) Norm form equations
now 11D57
10B20 (1980) Multiplicative equations
now 11D57
10Axx (1980) Elementary number theory 10B25 (1980) Nonpolynomial equations
now 11Axx now 11D99
10A05 (1980) Multiplicative structure; Eu- 10B30 (1980) Equations in sufficiently many
clidean algorithm; greatest common di- variables
visors now 11D72
now 11A05 10B35 (1980) Representation problems
10A10 (1980) Congruences, primitive roots now 11D85
now 11A07 10B40 (1980) p-adic and power series fields
10A15 (1980) Power residues, reciprocity now 11D88
now 11A15 10B45 (1980) Diophantine inequalities
10A20 (1980) Number-theoretic functions, re- now 11D75
lated numbers; inversion formulas 10B99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
now 11A25 tion
10A21 (1980) Counting functions now 11D99
now 11A25
10A22 (1980) Abstract theory of number-
theoretic functions 10Cxx (1980) Forms
now 11A25 now 11Exx
10A25 (1980) Elementary prime number the- 10C01 (1980) Forms over general fields (espe-
ory, factorization cially quadratic)
now 11A41, 11A51 now 11E04
10A30 (1980) Algorithms and expansions; digi- 10C02 (1980) Quadratic forms over global rings
tal properties and fields
now 11A63 now 11E12
10A32 (1980) Continued fractions 10C03 (1980) Quadratic forms over local rings
now 11A55 and fields
10A35 (1980) Recurrence sequences now 11E08
now 11B37 10C04 (1980) Forms over real fields
10A40 (1980) Special numbers, sequences and now 11E10
polynomials 10C05 (1980) Quadratic, bilinear and Hermi-
now 11B83 tian forms
10A45 (1980) Partitions now 11E12, 11E16, 11E20, 11E25,
now 11P81, 11P82, 11P83 11E39
10A99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec- 10C07 (1980) Class numbers of quadratic and
tion Hermitian forms
now 11A99, 11B99 now 11E41
10C10 (1980) Higher degree forms
now 11E76

15
10C15 (1980) Analytic theory (Epstein zeta 10D45 (1980) Uniformization, periods and co-
functions; relations with automorphic homology
forms and functions) now 11F67, 11F75
now 11E45 10D99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
10C20 (1980) p-adic theory tion
now 11E95 now 11F99
10C25 (1980) Minima of forms
now 11H50
10C30 (1980) Arithmetic properties of classical 10Exx (1980) Geometry of numbers
groups now 11Hxx
now 11E57 10E05 (1980) Lattices and convex bodies
10C99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec- now 11H06
tion 10E10 (1980) Nonconvex bodies
now 11E99 now 11H16
10E15 (1980) Products of linear forms
now 11H46
10Dxx (1980) Theory of automorphic and 10E20 (1980) Minima of forms
modular functions and forms now 11H50
now 11Fxx 10E25 (1980) Quadratic forms (reduction, ex-
10D05 (1980) Modular and automorphic func- treme forms, etc.)
tions now 11H55
now 11F03 10E30 (1980) Lattice packing and covering
10D07 (1980) Structure of modular groups and now 11H31
generalizations, arithmetic groups 10E35 (1980) Mean value theorems
now 11F06 now 11H60
10D10 (1970) Automorphic functions, one vari- 10E40 (1980) Transfer theorems
able now 11H60
now 11F03 10E45 (1980) Automorphism groups of lattices
10D12 (1980) Modular forms, one variable now 11H56
now 11F11 10E99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
10D15 (1980) Automorphic forms, one variable tion
now 11F12 now 11H99
10D20 (1980) Modular and automorphic forms,
several variables
now 11F55 10Fxx (1980) Diophantine approximation
10D21 (1980) Hilbert modular forms and sur- now 11Jxx
faces 10F05 (1980) Approximation to one number
now 11F41 now 11J04
10D23 (1980) Congruence properties 10F10 (1980) Simultaneous approximation
now 11F33 now 11J13
10D24 (1980) Relations with Dirichlet series 10F15 (1980) Nonhomogeneous approximation
now 11F66 now 11J99
10D25 (1980) Complex multiplication 10F20 (1980) Continued fractions and general-
now 11G15 izations
10D30 (1980) p-adic theory, local fields now 11J70
now 11F85 10F25 (1980) Approximation to algebraic num-
10D35 (1980) Galois representations bers
now 11F80 now 11J68
10D40 (1980) Representation-theoretic meth- 10F30 (1980) Approximation by numbers from
ods, trace formulas a fixed field
now 11F70 now 11J17

16
10F35 (1980) Irrationality and transcendence 10H25 (1980) Asymptotic results on arithmetic
now 11J72, 11J81 functions
10F37 (1980) Independence results now 11N37
now 11J72 10H26 (1980) Asymptotic results on counting
10F40 (1980) Distribution modulo one functions for algebraic and topological
now 11J71 structures
10F45 (1980) Approximation in non- now 11N45
Archimedean valuations 10H30 (1980) Sieves, upper and lower esti-
now 11J61 mates
10F99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec- now 11N35
tion 10H32 (1980) Applications of sieve methods
now 11J99 now 11N36
10H35 (1980) Distribution of residue classes
(primitive roots, power residues, etc.)
now 11N69
10Gxx (1980) Trigonometric sums, expo- 10H40 (1980) Generalized primes and integers
nential sums and character sums now 11N80
now 11Lxx 10H45 (1980) Almost-periodic number-theoretic
10G05 (1980) Exponential sums functions
now 11L03 now 11K70
10G10 (1980) Estimates on exponential sums 10H99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
now 11L07 tion
10G15 (1980) Character sums now 11M99, 11N99
now 11L10
10G20 (1980) Estimates on character sums
now 11L40 10Jxx (1980) Additive theory
10G99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec- now 11Pxx
tion 10J05 (1980) Sums of squares
now 11L99 now 11E25
10J06 (1980) Sums of higher power
now 11E76
10J10 (1980) Applications of the Hardy-
10Hxx (1980) Multiplicative theory Littlewood method
now 11Mxx, 11Nxx now 11P55
10H05 (1980) Riemanns zeta functions, func- 10J15 (1980) Additive questions involving
tional equation primes
now 11Mxx now 11P32
10H08 (1980) Dirichlet L-function, functional 10J20 (1980) Analytic work on partitions
equation now 11P81, 11P82, 11P83
now 11Mxx 10J25 (1980) Lattice points in large regions
10H10 (1980) Other zeta functions now 11P21
now 11M41 10J99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
10H15 (1980) Distribution of primes and inte- tion
gers with specified multiplicative proper- now 11P99
ties
now 11N05
10H20 (1980) Distribution in progressions and 10Kxx (1980) Probabilistic theory; mea-
other sequences sure, dimemsion, etc.
now 11N13 now 11Kxx
10H22 (1980) Turan theory 10K05 (1980) Distribution modulo one
now 11N30 now 11K06

17
10K10 (1980) Algorithms and expressions 10M20 (1980) Matrices
now 11K55 now 11C20
10K15 (1980) Diophantine approximation 10M99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
now 11K60 tion
10K20 (1980) Arithmetic functions now 11C99, 11J99
now 11K65
10K25 (1980) Normal numbers
now 11K16
10Nxx (1980) Connections with logic
10K30 (1980) Irregularities of distribution
now 11Uxx
now 11K38
10N05 (1980) Decidability
10K35 (1980) Harmonic analysis and almost
now 11U05
periodicity
10N10 (1980) Ultraproducts
now 11K70
now 11U07
10K40 (1980) Non-Archimedian theory
10N15 (1980) Nonstandard arithmetic
now 11K99
now 11U10
10K50 (1980) Measure; Hausdorff dimension
10N99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
now 11K55
tion
10K99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
now 11U99
tion
now 11K99

11-XX Number theory

10Lxx (1980) Sequences of integers
now 11Bxx 11-00 General reference works (handbooks,
10L02 (1980) Density of sum sets, analogues dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
and generalizations 11-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
now 11B05 torial papers, etc.)
10L05 (1980) Addtion of sequences, additive 11-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
bases vey articles)
now 11B13 11-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
10L10 (1980) Special sequences one classification number from Section
now 11B83 01)
10L15 (1980) Representation functions 11-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
now 11B34 grams (not the theory of computation or
10L20 (1980) Arithmetic progressions programming)
now 11B25 11-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
10L99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec- etc.
tion
now 11B99
11Axx Elementary number theory {For
analogues in number fields, see 11R04}
10Mxx (1980) Rational arithmetic of al- 11A05 Multiplicative structure; Euclidean al-
gebraic objects gorithm; greatest common divisors
now 11Cxx, 11Jxx 11A07 Congruences; primitive roots; residue
10M05 (1980) Polynomials systems
now 11C08 11A15 Power residues, reciprocity
10M10 (1980) Valued fields 11A25 Arithmetic functions; related numbers;
now 12J10 inversion formulas
10M15 (1980) Ordered fields 11A41 Primes
now 12J05 11A51 Factorization; primality

18
11A55 Continued fractions [See also 11K50, 11D45 Counting solutions of Diophantine equa-
30B70, 40A15] {For approximation re- tions
sults, see 11J70} 11D57 Multiplicative and norm form equations
11A63 Radix representation; digital problems 11D59 Thue-Mahler equations
{For metric results, see 11K16} 11D61 Exponential equations
11A67 Other representations 11D68 Rational numbers as sums of fractions
11A99 None of the above, but in this section 11D72 Equations in many variables [See also
11P55]
11D75 Diophantine inequalities [See also 11J25]
11D79 Congruences in many variables
11Bxx Sequences and sets 11D85 Representation problems [See also
11B05 Density, gaps, topology 11P55]
11B13 Additive bases [See also 05B10] 11D88 p-adic and power series fields
11B25 Arithmetic progressions [See also 11D99 None of the above, but in this section
11N13]
11B30 Arithmetic combinatorics; higher degree
uniformity 11Exx Forms and linear algebraic groups
11B34 Representation functions [See also 19Gxx] {For quadratic forms
11B37 Recurrences {For applications to special in linear algebra, see 15A63}
functions, see 33-XX} 11E04 Quadratic forms over general fields
11B39 Fibonacci and Lucas numbers and poly- 11E08 Quadratic forms over local rings and
nomials and generalizations fields
11B50 Sequences (mod m) 11E10 Forms over real fields
11B57 Farey sequences; the sequences 11E12 Quadratic forms over global rings and
(1k , 2k , ) fields
11B65 Binomial coefficients; factorials; q- 11E16 General binary quadratic forms
identities [See also 05A10, 05A30] 11E20 General ternary and quaternary
11B68 Bernoulli and Euler numbers and poly- quadratic forms; forms of more than
nomials two variables
11B73 Bell and Stirling numbers 11E25 Sums of squares and representations by
11B75 Other combinatorial number theory other particular quadratic forms
11B83 Special sequences and polynomials 11E39 Bilinear and Hermitian forms
11B85 Automata sequences 11E41 Class numbers of quadratic and Hermi-
11B99 None of the above, but in this section tian forms
11E45 Analytic theory (Epstein zeta functions;
relations with automorphic forms and
functions)
11Cxx Polynomials and matrices
11E57 Classical groups [See also 14Lxx, 20Gxx]
11C08 Polynomials [See also 13F20]
11E70 K-theory of quadratic and Hermitian
11C20 Matrices, determinants [See also 15B36]
forms
11C99 None of the above, but in this section
11E72 Galois cohomology of linear algebraic
groups [See also 20G10]
11E76 Forms of degree higher than two
11Dxx Diophantine equations [See also 11E81 Algebraic theory of quadratic forms;
11Gxx, 14Gxx] Witt groups and rings [See also 19G12,
11D04 Linear equations 19G24]
11D07 The Frobenius problem 11E88 Quadratic spaces; Clifford algebras [See
11D09 Quadratic and bilinear equations also 15A63, 15A66]
11D25 Cubic and quartic equations 11E95 p-adic theory
11D41 Higher degree equations; Fermats equa- 11E99 None of the above, but in this section
tion

19
11Fxx Discontinuous groups and auto- 11F75 Cohomology of arithmetic groups
morphic forms [See also 11R39, 11S37, 11F80 Galois representations
14-XX, 22Exx, 14Gxx, 14Kxx, 22E50, 11F85 p-adic theory, local fields [See also
22E55, 30F35, 32Nxx] {For relations 14G20, 22E50]
with quadratic forms, see 11E45} 11F99 None of the above, but in this section
11F03 Modular and automorphic functions
11F06 Structure of modular groups and gen-
eralizations; arithmetic groups [See also
11Gxx Arithmetic algebraic geometry
20H05, 20H10, 22E40]
(Diophantine geometry) [See also
11F11 Modular forms, one variable
11Dxx, 14-XX, 14Gxx, 14Kxx]
11F12 Automorphic forms, one variable
11G05 Elliptic curves over global fields [See also
11F20 Dedekind eta function, Dedekind sums
14H52]
11F22 Relationship to Lie algebras and finite
11G07 Elliptic curves over local fields [See also
simple groups
14G20, 14H52]
11F23 Relations with algebraic geometry and
11G09 Drinfeld modules; higher-dimensional
topology
motives, etc. [See also 14L05]
11F25 Hecke-Petersson operators, differential
11G10 Abelian varieties of dimension > 1 [See
operators (one variable)
also 14Kxx]
11F27 Theta series; Weil representation
11G15 Complex multiplication and moduli of
11F30 Fourier coefficients of automorphic
abelian varieties [See also 14K22]
forms
11G16 Elliptic and modular units [See also
11F32 Modular correspondences, etc.
11R27]
11F33 Congruences for modular and p-adic
11G18 Arithmetic aspects of modular and
modular forms [See also 14G20, 22E50]
Shimura varieties [See also 14G35]
11F37 Forms of half-integer weight; nonholo-
11G20 Curves over finite and local fields [See
morphic modular forms
also 14H25]
11F41 Hilbert and Hilbert-Siegel modular
11G25 Varieties over finite and local fields [See
groups and their modular and automor-
also 14G15, 14G20]
phic forms; Hilbert modular surfaces
11G30 Curves of arbitrary genus or genus 6= 1
[See also 14J20]
over global fields [See also 14H25]
11F46 Siegel modular groups and their modu-
11G32 Dessins denfants, Bely theory
lar and automorphic forms
11G35 Varieties over global fields [See also
11F50 Jacobi forms
14G25]
11F52 Modular forms associated to Drinfeld
11G40 L-functions of varieties over global
modules
fields; Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjec-
11F55 Other groups and their modular and au-
ture [See also 14G10]
tomorphic forms (several variables)
11G42 Arithmetic mirror symmetry [See also
11F60 Hecke-Petersson operators, differential
14J33]
operators (several variables)
11G45 Geometric class field theory [See also
11F66 Dirichlet series and functional equations
11R37, 14C35, 19F05]
in connection with modular forms
11G50 Heights [See also 14G40]
11F67 Special values of automorphic L-series,
11G55 Polylogarithms and relations with K-
periods of modular forms, cohomology,
theory
modular symbols
11G99 None of the above, but in this section
11F68 Dirichlet series in several complex vari-
ables associated to automorphic forms;
Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series
11F70 Representation-theoretic methods; au- 11Hxx Geometry of numbers {For applica-
tomorphic representations over local tions in coding theory, see 94B75}
and global fields 11H06 Lattices and convex bodies [See also
11F72 Spectral theory; Selberg trace formula 11P21, 52C05, 52C07]

20
11H16 Nonconvex bodies
11H31 Lattice packing and covering [See also
05B40, 52C15, 52C17]
11H46 Products of linear forms
11H50 Minima of forms
11H55 Quadratic forms (reduction theory, ex-
treme forms, etc.)
11H56 Automorphism groups of lattices
11H60 Mean value and transfer theorems
11H71 Relations with coding theory
11H99 None of the above, but in this section
11Jxx Diophantine approximation, tran-
scendental number theory [See also
11K60]
11J04 Homogeneous approximation to one
number
11J06 Markov and Lagrange spectra and gen-
eralizations
11J13 Simultaneous homogeneous approxima-
tion, linear forms
11J17 Approximation by numbers from a fixed
field
11J20 Inhomogeneous linear forms
11J25 Diophantine inequalities [See also
11D75]
11J54 Small fractional parts of polynomials
and generalizations
11J61 Approximation in non-Archimedean val-
uations
11J68 Approximation to algebraic numbers
11J70 Continued fractions and generalizations
[See also 11A55, 11K50]
11J71 Distribution modulo one [See also
11K06]
11J72 Irrationality; linear independence over a
field
11J81 Transcendence (general theory)
11J82 Measures of irrationality and of tran-
scendence
11J83 Metric theory
11J85 Algebraic independence; Gelfonds
method
11J86 Linear forms in logarithms; Bakers
method
11J87 Schmidt Subspace Theorem and appli-
cations
11J89 Transcendence theory of elliptic and
abelian functions
21
11J91 Transcendence theory of other special
functions
11J93 Transcendence theory of Drinfeld and
t-modules
11J95 Results involving abelian varieties
11J97 Analogues of methods in Nevanlinna
theory (work of Vojta et al.)
11J99 None of the above, but in this section
11Kxx Probabilistic theory: distribution
modulo 1; metric theory of algo-
rithms
11K06 General theory of distribution modulo 1
[See also 11J71]
11K16 Normal numbers, radix expansions, etc.
[See also 11A63]
11K31 Special sequences
11K36 Well-distributed sequences and other
variations
11K38 Irregularities of distribution, discrep-
ancy [See also 11Nxx]
11K41 Continuous, p-adic and abstract ana-
logues
11K45 Pseudo-random numbers; Monte Carlo
methods
11K50 Metric theory of continued fractions [See
also 11A55, 11J70]
11K55 Metric theory of other algorithms and
expansions; measure and Hausdorff di-
mension [See also 11N99, 28Dxx]
11K60 Diophantine approximation [See also
11Jxx]
11K65 Arithmetic functions [See also 11Nxx]
11K70 Harmonic analysis and almost periodic-
ity
11K99 None of the above, but in this section
11Lxx Exponential sums and character
sums {For finite fields, see 11Txx}
11L03 Trigonometric and exponential sums,
general
11L05 Gauss and Kloosterman sums; general-
izations
11L07 Estimates on exponential sums
11L10 Jacobsthal and Brewer sums; other com-
plete character sums
11L15 Weyl sums
11L20 Sums over primes
11L26 Sums over arbitrary intervals
11L40 Estimates on character sums
11L99 None of the above, but in this section
11Mxx Zeta and L-functions: analytic
theory
11M06 (s) and L(s, )
11M20 Real zeros of L(s, ); results on L(1, )
11M26 Nonreal zeros of (s) and L(s, ); Rie-
mann and other hypotheses
11M32 Multiple Dirichlet series and zeta func-
tions and multizeta values
11M35 Hurwitz and Lerch zeta functions
11M36 Selberg zeta functions and regularized
determinants
11M38 Zeta and L-functions in characteristic p
11M41 Other Dirichlet series and zeta func-
tions {For local and global ground fields,
see 11R42, 11R52, 11S40, 11S45; for
algebro-geometric methods, see 14G10;
see also 11E45, 11F66, 11F70, 11F72}
11M45 Tauberian theorems [See also 40E05]
11M50 Relations with random matrices
11M55 Relations with noncommutative geome-
try
11M99 None of the above, but in this section
11Nxx Multiplicative number theory
11N05 Distribution of primes
11N13 Primes in progressions [See also 11B25]
11N25 Distribution of integers with specified
multiplicative constraints
11N30 Turan theory [See also 30Bxx]
11N32 Primes represented by polynomials;
other multiplicative structure of polyno-
mial values
11N35 Sieves
11N36 Applications of sieve methods
11N37 Asymptotic results on arithmetic func-
tions
11N45 Asymptotic results on counting func-
tions for algebraic and topological struc-
tures
11N56 Rate of growth of arithmetic functions
11N60 Distribution functions associated with
additive and positive multiplicative
functions
22
11N64 Other results on the distribution of val-
ues or the characterization of arithmetic
functions
11N69 Distribution of integers in special
residue classes
11N75 Applications of automorphic functions
and forms to multiplicative problems
[See also 11Fxx]
11N80 Generalized primes and integers
11N99 None of the above, but in this section
11Pxx Additive number theory; parti-
tions
11P05 Warings problem and variants
11P21 Lattice points in specified regions
11P32 Goldbach-type theorems; other additive
questions involving primes
11P55 Applications of the Hardy-Littlewood
method [See also 11D85]
11P70 Inverse problems of additive number
theory
11P81 Elementary theory of partitions [See
also 05A17]
11P82 Analytic theory of partitions
11P83 Partitions; congruences and congruen-
tial restrictions
11P84 Partition identities; identities of Rogers-
Ramanujan type
11P99 None of the above, but in this section
11Rxx Algebraic number theory: global
fields {For complex multiplication, see
11G15}
11R04 Algebraic numbers; rings of algebraic in-
tegers
11R06 PV-numbers and generalizations; other
special algebraic numbers
11R09 Polynomials (irreducibility, etc.)
11R11 Quadratic extensions
11R16 Cubic and quartic extensions
11R18 Cyclotomic extensions
11R20 Other abelian and metabelian exten-
sions
11R21 Other number fields
11R23 Iwasawa theory
11R27 Units and factorization
11R29 Class numbers, class groups, discrimi-
nants
11R32 Galois theory
11R33 Integral representations related to alge-
braic numbers; Galois module structure
of rings of integers [See also 20C10]
11R34 Galois cohomology [See also 12Gxx,
19A31]
11R37 Class field theory
11R39 Langlands-Weil conjectures, nonabelian
class field theory [See also 11Fxx, 22E55]
11R42 Zeta functions and L-functions of num-
ber fields [See also 11M41, 19F27]
11R44 Distribution of prime ideals [See also
11N05]
11R45 Density theorems
11R47 Other analytic theory [See also 11Nxx]
11R52 Quaternion and other division algebras:
arithmetic, zeta functions
11R54 Other algebras and orders, and their
zeta and L-functions [See also 11S45,
16Kxx]
11R56 Adele rings and groups
11R58 Arithmetic theory of algebraic function
fields [See also 14-XX]
11R60 Cyclotomic function fields (class groups,
Bernoulli objects, etc.)
11R65 Class groups and Picard groups of or-
ders
11R70 K-theory of global fields [See also
19Fxx]
11R80 Totally real and totally positive fields
[See also 12J15]
11R99 None of the above, but in this section
11Sxx Algebraic number theory: local
and p-adic fields
11S05 Polynomials
11S15 Ramification and extension theory
11S20 Galois theory
11S23 Integral representations
11S25 Galois cohomology [See also 12Gxx]
11S31 Class field theory; p-adic formal groups
[See also 14L05]
11S37 Langlands-Weil conjectures, nonabelian
class field theory [See also 11Fxx, 22E50]
11S40 Zeta functions and L-functions [See also
11M41, 19F27]
11S45 Algebras and orders, and their zeta
functions [See also 11R52, 11R54,
16Kxx]
11S70 K-theory of local fields [See also 19Fxx]
23
11S80 Other analytic theory (analogues of beta
and gamma functions, p-adic integra-
tion, etc.)
11S82 Non-Archimedean dynamical systems
[See mainly 37Pxx]
11S85 Other nonanalytic theory
11S90 Prehomogeneous vector spaces
11S99 None of the above, but in this section
11Txx Finite fields and commutative
rings (number-theoretic aspects)
11T06 Polynomials
11T22 Cyclotomy
11T23 Exponential sums
11T24 Other character sums and Gauss sums
11T30 Structure theory
11T55 Arithmetic theory of polynomial rings
over finite fields
11T60 Finite upper half-planes
11T71 Algebraic coding theory; cryptography
11T99 None of the above, but in this section
11Uxx Connections with logic
11U05 Decidability [See also 03B25]
11U07 Ultraproducts [See also 03C20]
11U09 Model theory [See also 03Cxx]
11U10 Nonstandard arithmetic [See also
03H15]
11U99 None of the above, but in this section
11Yxx Computational number theory
[See also 11-04]
11Y05 Factorization
11Y11 Primality
11Y16 Algorithms; complexity [See also 68Q25]
11Y35 Analytic computations
11Y40 Algebraic number theory computations
11Y50 Computer solution of Diophantine equa-
tions
11Y55 Calculation of integer sequences
11Y60 Evaluation of constants
11Y65 Continued fraction calculations
11Y70 Values of arithmetic functions; tables
11Y99 None of the above, but in this section
11Zxx Miscellaneous applications of num- 12A45 (1980) Units and factorization
ber theory now 11R27
11Z05 Miscellaneous applications of number 12A50 (1980) Class numbers, discriminants
theory now 11R29
11Z99 None of the above, but in this section 12A55 (1980) Galois theory
now 11R32
12A57 (1980) Integral representations related to
algebraic numbers
12-XX Field theory and polynomials now 11R33
12A60 (1980) Galois cohomology
now 11R34
12-00 General reference works (handbooks,
12A62 (1980) Application to algebraic K-theory
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
now 11R70
12-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
12A65 (1980) Class field theory
torial papers, etc.)
now 11R37
12-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
12A67 (1980) Langlands-Weil conjectures, non-
vey articles)
abelian class field theory
12-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
now 11R39
one classification number from Section
12A70 (1980) Zeta functions of number fields
01)
and generalizations
12-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
now 11R42
grams (not the theory of computation or
12A75 (1980) Density theorems
programming)
now 11R45
12-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
12A80 (1980) Arithmetic of algebras
etc.
now 11R52
12A82 (1980) Zeta functions of algebras
now 11R52, 11R54
12Axx (1980) Algebraic number theory: 12A85 (1980) Analysis in adele rings and
global fields groups
now 11Rxx now 11R56
12A05 (1980) Analogues in number fields of el- 12A90 (1980) Arithmetic theory of algebraic
ementary number theory function fields
now 11R99 now 11R58
12A10 (1980) Characterizations of algebraic 12A95 (1980) Totally real and totally positive
numbers and algebraic functions fields
now 11R04 now 11R80
12A15 (1980) Special algebraic numbers (PV 12A99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
numbers, etc.) tion
now 11R06 now 11R99
12A20 (1980) Polynomials (irreducibility, etc.)
now 11R09
12A25 (1980) Quadratic fields 12Bxx (1980) Algebraic number theory:
now 11R11 local and p-adic fields
12A30 (1980) Cubic and quartic fields now 11Sxx
now 11R16 12B05 (1980) Polynomials
12A35 (1980) Abelian and metabelian exten- now 11S05
sions (including cyclotomic, Kummer, 12B10 (1980) Ramification and extension the-
cyclic) ory
now 11R18, 11R20 now 11S15
12A40 (1980) Other number fields 12B15 (1980) Galois theory
now 11R21 now 11S20

24
12B17 (1980) Integral representations 12D10 Polynomials: location of zeros (alge-
now 11S23 braic theorems) {For the analytic the-
12B20 (1980) Galois cohomology ory, see 26C10, 30C15}
now 11S25 12D15 Fields related with sums of squares (for-
12B22 (1980) Applications of algebraic K- mally real fields, Pythagorean fields,
theory etc.) [See also 11Exx]
now 11S70 12D99 None of the above, but in this section
12B25 (1980) Class field theory
now 11S31
12B27 (1980) Langlands-Weil conjectures, non-
abelian class field theory 12Exx General field theory
now 11S37 12E05 Polynomials (irreducibility, etc.)
12B30 (1980) Zeta functions and L-functions 12E10 Special polynomials
now 11S40 12E12 Equations
12B35 (1980) Arithmetic of algebras 12E15 Skew fields, division rings [See also
now 11S99 11R52, 11R54, 11S45, 16Kxx]
12B37 (1980) Zeta functions of algebras 12E20 Finite fields (field-theoretic aspects)
now 11S40, 11S45 12E25 Hilbertian fields; Hilberts irreducibility
12B40 (1980) Other analytic theory theorem
now 11S80 12E30 Field arithmetic
12B45 (1980) Other nonanalytic theory 12E99 None of the above, but in this section
now 11S85
12B99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion 12Fxx Field extensions
now 11S99 12F05 Algebraic extensions
12F10 Separable extensions, Galois theory
12F12 Inverse Galois theory
12Cxx (1980) Finite fields and commu- 12F15 Inseparable extensions
tative rings (number-theoretic as- 12F20 Transcendental extensions
pects) 12F99 None of the above, but in this section
now 11Txx
12C05 (1980) Polynomials
now 11T06 12Gxx Homological methods (field the-
12C10 (1980) Linear sequences ory)
now 11T99 12G05 Galois cohomology [See also 14F22,
12C15 (1980) Arithmetic 16K50]
now 11T55 12G10 Cohomological dimension
12C20 (1980) Cyclotomy 12G99 None of the above, but in this section
now 11T22
12C25 (1980) Exponential sums
now 11T23
12C30 (1980) Structure theory 12Hxx Differential and difference algebra
now 11T30 12H05 Differential algebra [See also 13Nxx]
12C99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec- 12H10 Difference algebra [See also 39Axx]
tion 12H20 Abstract differential equations [See also
now 11T99 34Mxx]
12H25 p-adic differential equations [See also
11S80, 14G20]
12H99 None of the above, but in this section
12Dxx Real and complex fields
12D05 Polynomials: factorization

25
12Jxx Topological fields 13-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
12J05 Normed fields grams (not the theory of computation or
12J10 Valued fields programming)
12J12 Formally p-adic fields 13-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
12J15 Ordered fields etc.
12J17 Topological semifields
12J20 General valuation theory [See also
13A18]
13Axx General commutative ring theory
12J25 Non-Archimedean valued fields [See also
13A02 Graded rings [See also 16W50]
30G06, 32P05, 46S10, 47S10]
13A05 Divisibility
12J27 Krasner-Tate algebras [See mainly
13A10 (2000) Radical theory
32P05; see also 46S10, 47S10]
now 13A15
12J99 None of the above, but in this section
13A15 Ideals; multiplicative ideal theory
13A17 (1980) Prime and primary ideals and
their generalizations
12Kxx Generalizations of fields now 14A15
12K05 Near-fields [See also 16Y30] 13A18 Valuations and their generalizations [See
12K10 Semifields [See also 16Y60] also 12J20]
12K99 None of the above, but in this section 13A20 (1991) Brauer groups
now 14F22, 16K50
13A30 Associated graded rings of ideals (Rees
12Lxx Connections with logic ring, form ring), analytic spread and re-
12L05 Decidability [See also 03B25] lated topics
12L10 Ultraproducts [See also 03C20] 13A35 Characteristic p methods (Frobenius en-
12L12 Model theory [See also 03C60] domorphism) and reduction to charac-
12L15 Nonstandard arithmetic [See also teristic p ; tight closure [See also 13B22]
03H15] 13A50 Actions of groups on commutative rings;
12L99 None of the above, but in this section invariant theory [See also 14L24]
13A99 None of the above, but in this section

12Yxx Computational aspects of field

theory and polynomials 13Bxx Ring extensions and related topics
12Y05 Computational aspects of field theory 13B02 Extension theory
and polynomials 13B05 Galois theory
12Y99 None of the above, but in this section 13B10 Morphisms
13B15 (1991) Ramification theory
now 13B02
13B20 (1980) Integral dependence; integral clo-
13-XX Commutative rings and alge-
sure; integrally closed rings, related
bras
rings (Japanese, etc.)
now 13B21, 13B22
13-00 General reference works (handbooks, 13B21 Integral dependence
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) 13B22 Integral closure of rings and ideals ;
13-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- integrally closed rings, related rings
torial papers, etc.) (Japanese, etc.) [See also 13A35]
13-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- 13B24 (2000) Going up; going down; going be-
vey articles) tween
13-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least now 13B21
one classification number from Section 13B25 Polynomials over commutative rings
01) [See also 11C08, 13F20, 13M10]

26
13B30 Quotients and localization
13B35 Completion [See also 13J10]
13B40 Etale and flat extensions; Henselization;
Artin approximation [See also 13J15,
14B12, 14B25]
13B99 None of the above, but in this section
13Cxx Theory of modules and ideals
13C05 Structure, classification theorems
13C10 Projective and free modules and ideals
[See also 19A13]
13C10 (1970) Special types
now 13C10, 13C11, 13C12, 13C13
13C11 Injective and flat modules and ideals
13C12 Torsion modules and ideals
13C13 Other special types
13C14 Cohen-Macaulay modules [See also
13H10]
13C15 Dimension theory, depth, related rings
(catenary, etc.)
13C20 Class groups [See also 11R29]
13C40 Linkage, complete intersections and de-
terminantal ideals [See also 14M06,
14M10, 14M12]
13C60 Module categories
13C99 None of the above, but in this section
13Dxx Homological methods {For noncom-
mutative rings, see 16Exx ; for general
categories, see 18Gxx}
13D02 Syzygies and resolutions
13D03 (Co)homology of commutative rings
and algebras (e.g., Hochschild, Andre-
Quillen, cyclic, dihedral, etc.)
13D05 Homological dimension
13D07 Homological functors on modules (Tor,
Ext, etc.)
13D09 Derived categories
13D10 Deformations and infinitesimal methods
[See also 14B10, 14B12, 14D15, 32Gxx]
13D15 Grothendieck groups, K-theory [See
also 14C35, 18F30, 19Axx, 19D50]
13D22 Homological conjectures (intersection
theorems)
13D25 (2000) Complexes
now 13D02
13D30 Torsion theory [See also 13C12, 18E40]
13D40 Hilbert-Samuel and Hilbert-Kunz func-
tions; Poincare series
27
13D45 Local cohomology [See also 14B15]
13D99 None of the above, but in this section
13Exx Chain conditions, finiteness condi-
tions
13E05 Noetherian rings and modules
13E10 Artinian rings and modules, finite-
dimensional algebras
13E15 Rings and modules of finite generation
or presentation; number of generators
13E99 None of the above, but in this section
13Fxx Arithmetic rings and other special
rings
13F05 Dedekind, Pr ufer and Krull rings and
their generalizations
13F07 Euclidean rings and generalizations
13F10 Principal ideal rings
13F15 Factorial rings, unique factorization do-
mains [See also 14M05]
13F20 Polynomial rings and ideals; rings of
integer-valued polynomials [See also
11C08, 13B25]
13F25 Formal power series rings [See also
13J05]
13F30 Valuation rings [See also 13A18]
13F35 Witt vectors and related rings
13F40 Excellent rings
13F45 Seminormal rings
13F50 Rings with straightening laws, Hodge al-
gebras
13F55 Face and Stanley-Reisner rings; simpli-
cial complexes [See also 55U10]
13F60 Cluster algebras
13F99 None of the above, but in this section
13Gxx Integral domains
13G05 Integral domains
13G99 None of the above, but in this section
13Hxx Local rings and semilocal rings
13H05 Regular local rings
13H10 Special types (Cohen-Macaulay, Goren-
stein, Buchsbaum, etc.) [See also
14M05]
13H15 Multiplicity theory and related topics
[See also 14C17]
13H99 None of the above, but in this section
13Jxx Topological rings and modules [See
also 16W60, 16W80]
13J05 Power series rings [See also 13F25]
13J07 Analytical algebras and rings [See also
32B05]
13J10 Complete rings, completion [See also
13B35]
13J15 Henselian rings [See also 13B40]
13J20 Global topological rings
13J25 Ordered rings [See also 06F25]
13J30 Real algebra [See also 12D15, 14Pxx]
13J99 None of the above, but in this section
13N99 None of the above, but in this section
13Pxx Computational aspects of commu-
tative algebra [See also 68W30]
13P05 Polynomials, factorization [See also
12Y05]
13P10 Polynomial ideals, Grobner bases [See
also 13F20]
13P15 Solving polynomial systems; resultants
13P20 Computational homological algebra [See
also 13Dxx]
13P25 Applications of commutative algebra
(e.g., to statistics, control theory, opti-
mization, etc.)
13P99 None of the above, but in this section

14-XX Algebraic geometry

13K05 (2000) Witt vectors and related
rings 14-00 General reference works (handbooks,
now 13F35 dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
14-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
13Lxx Applications of logic to commuta- 14-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
tive algebra [See also 03Cxx, 03Hxx] vey articles)
13L05 Applications of logic to commutative al- 14-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
gebra [See also 03Cxx, 03Hxx] one classification number from Section
13L99 None of the above, but in this section 01)
14-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
13Mxx Finite commutative rings {For 14-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
number-theoretic aspects, see 11Txx} etc.
13M05 Structure
13M10 Polynomials
13M99 None of the above, but in this section
14Axx Foundations
14A05 Relevant commutative algebra [See also
13-XX]
13N05 (1980) Differential algebra 14A10 Varieties and morphisms
now 13Nxx 14A15 Schemes and morphisms
14A20 Generalizations (algebraic spaces,
stacks)
14A22 Noncommutative algebraic geometry
13Nxx Differential algebra [See also 12H05,
14A25 Elementary questions
14F10]
14A99 None of the above, but in this section
13N05 Modules of differentials
13N10 Rings of differential operators and their
modules [See also 16S32, 32C38]
13N15 Derivations 14Bxx Local theory

28
14B05 Singularities [See also 14E15, 14H20,
14J17, 32Sxx, 58Kxx]
14B07 Deformations of singularities [See also
14D15, 32S30]
14B10 Infinitesimal methods [See also 13D10]
14B12 Local deformation theory, Artin approx-
imation, etc. [See also 13B40, 13D10]
14B15 Local cohomology [See also 13D45,
32C36]
14B20 Formal neighborhoods
14B25 Local structure of morphisms: etale,
flat, etc. [See also 13B40]
14B99 None of the above, but in this section
14D20 Algebraic moduli problems, moduli of
vector bundles {For analytic moduli
problems, see 32G13}
14D21 Applications of vector bundles and
moduli spaces in mathematical physics
(twistor theory, instantons, quantum
field theory)
14D22 Fine and coarse moduli spaces
14D23 Stacks and moduli problems
14D24 Geometric Langlands program: algebro-
geometric aspects [See also 22E57]
14D25 (1991) Geometric invariants
now 14L24
14D99 None of the above, but in this section

14Cxx Cycles and subschemes

14C05 Parametrization (Chow and Hilbert 14Exx Birational geometry
schemes) 14E05 Rational and birational maps
14C10 (1991) Equivalence relations 14E07 Birational automorphisms, Cremona
now 14C15 group and generalizations
14C15 Chow groups and rings 14E08 Rationality questions
14C17 Intersection theory, characteristic 14E09 (1991) Automorphisms
classes, intersection multiplicities [See now 14H37, 14J50
also 13H15] 14E10 (1991) General correspondence
14C20 Divisors, linear systems, invertible now 14E05
sheaves 14E15 Global theory and resolution of singu-
14C21 Pencils, nets, webs [See also 53A60] larities [See also 14B05, 32S20, 32S45]
14C22 Picard groups 14E16 McKay correspondence
14C25 Algebraic cycles 14E18 Arcs and motivic integration
14C30 Transcendental methods, Hodge theory 14E20 Coverings [See also 14H30]
, Hodge conjecture [See also 14D07, 14E22 Ramification problems [See also 11S15]
32G20, 32J25, 32S35] 14E25 Embeddings
14C34 Torelli problem [See also 32G20] 14E30 Minimal model program (Mori theory,
14C35 Applications of methods of algebraic K- extremal rays)
theory [See also 19Exx] 14E35 (1991) Results in dimension 3
14C40 Riemann-Roch theorems [See also now 14J30
19E20, 19L10] 14E40 (1991) Local structure of maps: etale,
14C99 None of the above, but in this section flat, etc.
now 14B25
14E99 None of the above, but in this section
14Dxx Families, fibrations
14D05 Structure of families (Picard-Lefschetz,
monodromy, etc.) 14Fxx (Co)homology theory [See also
14D06 Fibrations, degenerations 13Dxx]
14D07 Variation of Hodge structures [See also 14F05 Vector bundles, sheaves, related con-
32G20] structions [See also 14H60, 14J60,
14D10 Arithmetic ground fields (finite, local, 18F20, 32Lxx, 46M20]
global) 14F07 (1980) Weierstrass points in one and
14D15 Formal methods; deformations [See also several variables; gap sheaves
13D10, 14B07, 32Gxx] now 14F10

29
14F10 Differentials and other special sheaves 14G35 Modular and Shimura varieties [See also
[See also 13Nxx, 32C38] 11F41, 11F46, 11G18]
14F12 (1980) Riemann-Roch problems 14G40 Arithmetic varieties and schemes;
now 14C40 Arakelov theory; heights [See also
14F15 (1980) Serre cohomology, K-theory 11G50]
now ..... 14G50 Applications to coding theory and
14F17 Vanishing theorems [See also 32L20] cryptography [See also 94A60, 94B27,
14F18 Multiplier ideals 94B40]

14F20 Etale and other Grothendieck topologies 14G99 None of the above, but in this section
and cohomologies
14F22 Brauer groups of schemes [See also
12G05, 16K50]
14Hxx Curves
14F25 Classical real and complex cohomology
14H05 Algebraic functions; function fields [See
14F30 p-adic cohomology, crystalline cohomol-
also 11R58]
ogy
14H10 Families, moduli (algebraic)
14F32 (1991) Intersection (co)homology
14H15 Families, moduli (analytic) [See also
now 14F43
30F10, 32Gxx]
14F35 Homotopy theory; fundamental groups
14H20 Singularities, local rings [See also
[See also 14H30]
13Hxx, 14B05]
14F40 de Rham cohomology [See also 14C30,
14H25 Arithmetic ground fields [See also
32C35, 32L10]
11Dxx, 11G05, 14Gxx]
14F42 Motivic cohomology
14H30 Coverings, fundamental group [See also
14F43 Other algebro-geometric (co)homologies
14E20, 14F35]
(e.g., intersection, equivariant, Lawson,
14H35 (1991) Correspondences
Deligne (co)homologies)
now 14E05
14F45 Topological properties
14H37 Automorphisms
14F99 None of the above, but in this section
14H40 Jacobians, Prym varieties [See also
32G20]
14H42 Theta functions; Schottky problem [See
also 14K25, 32G20]
14Gxx Arithmetic problems. Diophan-
14H45 Special curves and curves of low genus
tine geometry [See also 11Dxx,
14H50 Plane and space curves
11Gxx]
14H51 Special divisors (gonality, Brill-Noether
14G05 Rational points
theory)
14G10 Zeta-functions and related questions
14H52 Elliptic curves [See also 11G05, 11G07,
(Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture)
14Kxx]
[See also 11G40]
14H55 Riemann surfaces; Weierstrass points;
14G13 (1980) Weil-Tate conjectures
gap sequences [See also 30Fxx]
now .....
14H57 Dessins denfants theory {For arithmetic
14G15 Finite ground fields
aspects, see 11G32}
14G17 Positive characteristic ground fields
14H60 Vector bundles on curves and their mod-
14G20 Local ground fields
uli [See also 14D20, 14F05]
14G22 Rigid analytic geometry
14H70 Relationships with integrable systems
14G25 Global ground fields
14H81 Relationships with physics
14G27 Other nonalgebraically closed ground
14H99 None of the above, but in this section
fields
14G30 (1980) Real ground fields
now .....
14G32 Universal profinite groups (relationship 14Jxx Surfaces and higher-dimensional
to moduli spaces, projective and moduli varieties {For analytic theory, see
towers, Galois theory) 32Jxx}

30
14J05 (1991) Picard group 14K30 Picard schemes, higher Jacobians [See
now 14C22 also 14H40, 32G20]
14J10 Families, moduli, classification: alge- 14K99 None of the above, but in this section
braic theory
14J15 Moduli, classification: analytic theory;
relations with modular forms [See also
14Lxx Algebraic groups {For linear alge-
32G13]
braic groups, see 20Gxx; for Lie alge-
14J17 Singularities [See also 14B05, 14E15]
bras, see 17B45}
14J20 Arithmetic ground fields [See also
14L05 Formal groups, p-divisible groups [See
11Dxx, 11G25, 11G35, 14Gxx]
also 55N22]
14J25 Special surfaces {For Hilbert modular
14L10 Group varieties
surfaces, see 14G35}
14L15 Group schemes
14J26 Rational and ruled surfaces
14L17 Affine algebraic groups, hyperalgebra
14J27 Elliptic surfaces
constructions [See also 17B45, 18D35]
14J28 K3 surfaces and Enriques surfaces
14L20 (1980) Finite group schemes
14J29 Surfaces of general type
now 14L15
14J30 3-folds
14L24 Geometric invariant theory [See also
14J32 Calabi-Yau manifolds, mirror symmetry
13A50]
14J33 Mirror symmetry [See also 11G42,
14L25 (1980) Pro-algebraic schemes
53D37]
now 14L15
14J35 4-folds
14L27 (1991) Automorphism groups
14J40 n-folds (n > 4)
now 14H37, 14J50
14J45 Fano varieties
14L30 Group actions on varieties or schemes
14J50 Automorphisms of surfaces and higher-
(quotients) [See also 13A50, 14L24]
dimensional varieties
14L35 Classical groups (geometric aspects)
14J60 Vector bundles on surfaces and higher-
[See also 20Gxx, 51N30]
dimensional varieties, and their moduli
14L40 Other algebraic groups (geometric as-
[See also 14D20, 14F05, 32Lxx]
pects)
14J70 Hypersurfaces
14L99 None of the above, but in this section
14J80 Topology of surfaces (Donaldson poly-
nomials, Seiberg-Witten invariants)
14J81 Relationships with physics
14J99 None of the above, but in this section 14Mxx Special varieties
14M05 Varieties defined by ring conditions (fac-
torial, Cohen-Macaulay, seminormal)
[See also 13F45, 13H10]
14Kxx Abelian varieties and schemes 14M06 Linkage [See also 13C40]
14K02 Isogeny 14M07 Low codimension problems
14K05 Algebraic theory 14M10 Complete intersections [See also 13C40]
14K07 (1980) Elliptic curves, one-dimensional 14M12 Determinantal varieties [See also 13C40]
theory 14M15 Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag
now ..... manifolds [See also 32M10, 51M35]
14K10 Algebraic moduli, classification [See also 14M17 Homogeneous spaces and generaliza-
11G15] tions [See also 32M10, 53C30, 57T15]
14K12 Subvarieties 14M20 Rational and unirational varieties
14K15 Arithmetic ground fields [See also 14M22 Rationally connected varieties
11Dxx, 11Fxx, 11Gxx, 14Gxx] 14M25 Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra [See
14K20 Analytic theory; abelian integrals and also 52B20]
differentials 14M27 Compactifications; symmetric and
14K22 Complex multiplication [See also 11G15] spherical varieties
14K25 Theta functions [See also 14H42] 14M30 Supervarieties [See also 32C11, 58A50]

31
14M99 None of the above, but in this section
14Nxx Projective and enumerative geom-
etry [See also 51-XX]
14N05 Projective techniques [See also 51N35]
14N10 Enumerative problems (combinatorial
problems)
14N15 Classical problems, Schubert calculus
14N20 Configurations of linear subspaces
14N25 Varieties of low degree
14N30 Adjunction problems
14N35 Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum co-
homology [See also 53D45]
14N99 None of the above, but in this section
14Pxx Real algebraic and real analytic ge-
ometry
14P05 Real algebraic sets [See also 12Dxx]
14P10 Semialgebraic sets and related spaces
14P15 Real analytic and semianalytic sets [See
also 32B20, 32C05]
14P20 Nash functions and manifolds [See also
32C07, 58A07]
14P25 Topology of real algebraic varieties
14P99 None of the above, but in this section
14Qxx Computational aspects in alge-
braic geometry [See also 12Y05,
13Pxx, 68W30]
14Q05 Curves
14Q10 Surfaces, hypersurfaces
14Q15 Higher-dimensional varieties
14Q20 Effectivity
14Q99 None of the above, but in this section
14Rxx Affine geometry
14R05 Classification of affine varieties
14R10 Affine spaces (automorphisms, embed-
dings, exotic structures, cancellation
problem)
14R15 Jacobian problem
14R20 Group actions on affine varieties [See
also 13A50, 14L30]
14R25 Affine fibrations [See also 14D06]
14R99 None of the above, but in this section
32
14Txx Tropical geometry [See also 12K10,
14M25, 14N10, 52B20]
14T99 None of the above, but in this section
15-XX Linear and multilinear algebra;
matrix theory
15-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
15-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
15-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
15-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
15-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
15-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
15Axx Basic linear algebra
15A03 Vector spaces, linear dependence, rank
15A04 Linear transformations, semilinear
transformations
15A06 Linear equations
15A09 Matrix inversion, generalized inverses
15A12 Conditioning of matrices [See also
65F35]
15A15 Determinants, permanents, other spe-
cial matrix functions [See also 19B10,
19B14]
15A16 Matrix exponential and similar func-
tions of matrices
15A18 Eigenvalues, singular values, and eigen-
vectors
15A21 Canonical forms, reductions, classifica-
tion
15A22 Matrix pencils [See also 47A56]
15A23 Factorization of matrices
15A24 Matrix equations and identities
15A27 Commutativity
15A29 Inverse problems
15A30 Algebraic systems of matrices [See also
16S50, 20Gxx, 20Hxx]
15A33 (2000) Matrices over special rings 15B48 Positive matrices and their generaliza-
(quaternions, finite fields, etc.) tions; cones of matrices
now 15B33 15B51 Stochastic matrices
15A36 (2000) Matrices of integers 15B52 Random matrices
now 15B36 15B57 Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, and related
15A39 Linear inequalities matrices
15A42 Inequalities involving eigenvalues and 15B99 None of the above, but in this section
eigenvectors
15A45 Miscellaneous inequalities involving ma-
trices 16-XX Associative rings and algebras
15A48 (2000) Positive matrices and their gen- {For the commutative case, see 13-XX}
eralizations; cones of matrices
now 15B48 16-00 General reference works (handbooks,
15A51 (2000) Stochastic matrices dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
now 15B51 16-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
15A52 (2000) Random matrices torial papers, etc.)
now 15B52 16-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
15A54 Matrices over function rings in one or vey articles)
more variables 16-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
15A57 (2000) Other types of matrices (Hermi- one classification number from Section
tian, skew-Hermitian, etc.) 01)
now 15B57 16-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
15A60 Norms of matrices, numerical range, ap- grams (not the theory of computation or
plications of functional analysis to ma- programming)
trix theory [See also 65F35, 65J05] 16-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
15A63 Quadratic and bilinear forms, inner etc.
products [See mainly 11Exx] 16A02 (1980) Integral domains, unique factor-
15A66 Clifford algebras, spinors ization domains (noncommutative)
15A69 Multilinear algebra, tensor products now 16U10, 16U30
15A72 Vector and tensor algebra, theory of in- 16A03 (1980) Graded algebras, rings and mod-
variants [See also 13A50, 14L24] ules
15A75 Exterior algebra, Grassmann algebras now 16W50
15A78 Other algebras built from modules 16A04 (1980) Noncommutative principal ideal
15A80 Max-plus and related algebras rings, rings with a division algorithm
15A83 Matrix completion problems now 16Kxx
15A86 Linear preserver problems 16A05 (1980) Skew polynomial rings, power se-
15A90 (2000) Applications of matrix theory to ries rings
physics now 16S36, 16W60
now 15Axx, 15Bxx, 81R05 16A06 (1980) Free algebras, free ideal rings and
15A99 Miscellaneous topics their generalizations
now 16S10
16A08 (1980) Rings of quotients, noncommuta-
15Bxx Special matrices tive localization
15B05 Toeplitz, Cauchy, and related matrices now .....
15B10 Orthogonal matrices 16A10 (1980) Noncommutative local rings
15B15 Fuzzy matrices now 16L30
15B33 Matrices over special rings (quaternions, 16A12 (1980) Prime and semiprime rings
finite fields, etc.) now 16N60
15B34 Boolean and Hadamard matrices 16A14 (1980) Noncommutative analogues of
15B35 Sign pattern matrices Dedekind and Pruefer domains
15B36 Matrices of integers [See also 11C20] now .....

33
16A15 (1980) Other generalizations of commu- 16A42 (1980) Rings of linear transformations,
tative rings matrix rings, infinite matrix rings
now 16U80 now 16S50, .....
16A16 (1980) Separable algebras, Azumaya al- 16A44 (1980) Finite rings
gebras and their generalizations now 16P10
now 16Hxx 16A45 (1980) Other types of rings and algebras
16A18 (1980) Orders, arithmetic in algebras now .....
now 16Hxx 16A46 (1980) Finite dimensional algebras
16A19 (1980) Simple non-Artian rings now 16P10
now ..... 16A48 (1980) Structure, classification
16A20 (1980) Primitive and semiprimitive now 16D70
rings 16A49 (1980) Duality theory
now 16D60 now 16D90
16A21 (1980) Radical theory 16A50 (1980) Projective and flat modules and
now 16Nxx generalizations
16A22 (1980) Nil, nilpotent and radical rings now 16D40
now 16N40 16A51 (1980) Perfect, semiperfect rings and
16A24 (1980) Hopf algebras, algebraic theory modules and their generalizations
now 16Txx now 16L30, .....
16A25 (1980) Structure of groups of units of 16A52 (1980) Injective modules, self-injective
rings rings and generalization
now 16U60 now 16D50
16A26 (1980) Group rings of finite groups 16A53 (1980) Special types of modules
now 16S34 now .....
16A27 (1980) Group rings of infinite groups 16A54 (1980) Grothendieck group of rings, K-
now 16S34 theory of noncommutative rings
16A28 (1980) Rings with involution now 16E20
now 16W10 16A55 (1980) Dimension theory (Krull,
16A30 (1980) von Neumann regular rings and Gabriel)
their generalizations now 16P60
now 16E50 16A56 (1980) Extension theory
16A32 (1980) Idempotents in rings now 16S70
now ..... 16A58 (1980) Deformation theory of rings and
16A33 (1980) Noetherian rings algebras
now 16P40 now 16S80
16A34 (1980) Rings with annihilator condi- 16A60 (1980) Homological dimensions
tions, chain conditions (Goldie rings) now 16E10
now 16P60 16A61 (1980) Cohomology of algebras and rings
16A35 (1980) Artinian rings now 16E40
now 19P20 16A62 (1980) Homological methods
16A36 (1980) Frobenius algebras, quasi- now 16Exx
Frobenius rings and their generaliza- 16A63 (1980) Torsion theories
tions now 16S90
now 16L60, ..... 16A64 (1980) Modules and representations
16A38 (1980) Rings with polynomial identity now 16Dxx
now 16Rxx 16A65 (1980) Endomorphism rings
16A39 (1980) Skew fields, division rings now 16S50
now 16Kxx, ..... 16A66 (1980) Ideal theory, prime ideals and
16A40 (1980) Simple and semisimple Artinian their generalizations
rings now .....
now 16Kxx, 16P20 16A68 (1980) Lie, Jordan and other nonasso-

34
 ciative structures on associative rings 16D80 Other classes of modules and ideals [See
now 16W10 also 16G50]
16A70 (1980) Commutativity theorems 16D90 Module categories ; module theory in
now 16U80 a category-theoretic context; Morita
16A72 (1980) Automorphisms, derivations, equivalence and duality [See also 16Gxx,
other morphisms 16S90]
now 16W20, 16W25 16D99 None of the above, but in this section
16A74 (1980) Galois theory
now .....
16A76 (1980) Near rings
16Exx Homological methods {For commu-
now 16Y30
tative rings, see 13Dxx; for general cat-
16A78 (1980) Semirings and other generaliza-
egories, see 18Gxx}
tions of rings
16E05 Syzygies, resolutions, complexes
now 16Y60, 16Y99
16E10 Homological dimension
16A80 (1980) Topological rings and modules
16E20 Grothendieck groups, K-theory, etc.
now 16W80
[See also 18F30, 19Axx, 19D50]
16A86 (1980) Ordered rings
16E30 Homological functors on modules (Tor,
now 16W80
Ext, etc.)
16A89 (1980) Equivalence of module categories
16E35 Derived categories
now 16D90
16E40 (Co)homology of rings and algebras (e.g.
16A90 (1980) Categorical methods and categor-
Hochschild, cyclic, dihedral, etc.)
ical ring theory
16E45 Differential graded algebras and appli-
now 16B50
cations
16A99 (1980) Miscellaneous topics
16E50 von Neumann regular rings and general-
now 16B99
izations
16E60 Semihereditary and hereditary rings,
free ideal rings, Sylvester rings, etc.
16Bxx General and miscellaneous
16E65 Homological conditions on rings (gener-
16B50 Category-theoretic methods and results
alizations of regular, Gorenstein, Cohen-
(except as in 16D90) [See also 18-XX]
Macaulay rings, etc.)
16B70 Applications of logic [See also 03Cxx]
16E70 (1991) Other rings of low global or flat
16B99 None of the above, but in this section
dimension
now 16E10
16E99 None of the above, but in this section
16Dxx Modules, bimodules and ideals
16D10 General module theory
16D15 (1991) 1-sided ideals
now 16D25 16Gxx Representation theory of rings
16D20 Bimodules and algebras
16D25 Ideals 16G10 Representations of Artinian rings
16D30 Infinite-dimensional simple rings (ex- 16G20 Representations of quivers and partially
cept as in 16Kxx) ordered sets
16D40 Free, projective, and flat modules and 16G30 Representations of orders, lattices, alge-
ideals [See also 19A13] bras over commutative rings [See also
16D50 Injective modules, self-injective rings 16Hxx]
[See also 16L60] 16G50 Cohen-Macaulay modules
16D60 Simple and semisimple modules, primi- 16G60 Representation type (finite, tame, wild,
tive rings and ideals etc.)
16D70 Structure and classification (except as in 16G70 Auslander-Reiten sequences (almost
16Gxx), direct sum decomposition, can- split sequences) and Auslander-Reiten
cellation quivers

35
16G99 None of the above, but in this section
16Hxx Algebras and orders {For arithmetic
aspects, see 11R52, 11R54, 11S45; for
representation theory, see 16G30}
16H05 (2000) Separable algebras (e.g., quater-
nion algebras, Azumaya algebras, etc.)
16H10 Orders in separable algebras
16H15 Commutative orders
16H20 Lattices over orders
16H99 None of the above, but in this section
16Kxx Division rings and semisimple
Artin rings [See also 12E15, 15A30]
16K20 Finite-dimensional {For crossed prod-
ucts, see 16S35}
16K40 Infinite-dimensional and general
16K50 Brauer groups [See also 12G05, 14F22]
16K99 None of the above, but in this section
16Lxx Local rings and generalizations
16L30 Noncommutative local and semilocal
rings, perfect rings
16L60 Quasi-Frobenius rings [See also 16D50]
16L99 None of the above, but in this section
16Nxx Radicals and radical properties of
rings
16N20 Jacobson radical, quasimultiplication
16N40 Nil and nilpotent radicals, sets, ideals,
rings
16N60 Prime and semiprime rings [See also
16D60, 16U10]
16N80 General radicals and rings {For radicals
in module categories, see 16S90}
16N99 None of the above, but in this section
16Pxx Chain conditions, growth condi-
tions, and other forms of finiteness
16P10 Finite rings and finite-dimensional al-
gebras {For semisimple, see 16K20; for
commutative, see 11Txx, 13Mxx}
16P20 Artinian rings and modules
36
16P40 Noetherian rings and modules
16P50 Localization and Noetherian rings [See
also 16U20]
16P60 Chain conditions on annihilators and
summands: Goldie-type conditions ,
Krull dimension [See also 16U20]
16P70 Chain conditions on other classes of sub-
modules, ideals, subrings, etc.; coher-
ence
16P90 Growth rate, Gelfand-Kirillov dimen-
sion
16P99 None of the above, but in this section
16Rxx Rings with polynomial identity
16R10 T -ideals, identities, varieties of rings and
algebras
16R20 Semiprime p.i. rings, rings embeddable
in matrices over commutative rings
16R30 Trace rings and invariant theory
16R40 Identities other than those of matrices
over commutative rings
16R50 Other kinds of identities (generalized
polynomial, rational, involution)
16R60 Functional identities
16R99 None of the above, but in this section
16Sxx Rings and algebras arising under
various constructions
16S10 Rings determined by universal proper-
ties (free algebras, coproducts, adjunc-
tion of inverses, etc.)
16S15 Finite generation, finite presentability,
normal forms (diamond lemma, term-
rewriting)
16S20 Centralizing and normalizing extensions
16S30 Universal enveloping algebras of Lie al-
gebras [See mainly 17B35]
16S32 Rings of differential operators [See also
13N10, 32C38]
16S34 Group rings , Laurent polynomial rings
[See also 20C05, 20C07]
16S35 Twisted and skew group rings, crossed
products
16S36 Ordinary and skew polynomial rings and
semigroup rings [See also 20M25]
16S37 Quadratic and Koszul algebras
16S38 Rings arising from non-commutative al-
gebraic geometry
16S40 Smash products of general Hopf actions
[See also 16Txx]
16S50 Endomorphism rings; matrix rings [See
also 15-XX]
16S60 Rings of functions, subdirect products,
sheaves of rings
16S70 Extensions of rings by ideals
16S80 Deformations of rings [See also 13D10,
14D15]
16S85 Rings of fractions and localizations [See
also 13B30]
16S90 Maximal ring of quotients, torsion theo-
ries, radicals on module categories [See
also 13D30, 18E40] {For radicals of
rings, see 16Nxx}
16S99 None of the above, but in this section
16Txx Hopf algebras, quantum groups
and related topics
16T05 Hopf algebras and their applications
[See also 16S40, 57T05]
16T10 Bialgebras
16T15 Coalgebras and comodules; corings
16T20 Ring-theoretic aspects of quantum
groups [See also 17B37, 20G42, 81R50]
16T25 Yang-Baxter equations
16T30 Connections with combinatorics
16T99 None of the above, but in this section
16Uxx Conditions on elements
16U10 Integral domains
16U20 Ore rings, multiplicative sets, Ore local-
ization
16U30 Divisibility, noncommutative UFDs
16U50 (1991) Algebraic and local finitiness
now 16U99
16U60 Units, groups of units
16U70 Center, normalizer (invariant elements)
16U80 Generalizations of commutativity
16U99 None of the above, but in this section
16Wxx Rings and algebras with addi-
tional structure
16W10 Rings with involution; Lie, Jordan and
other nonassociative structures [See also
17B60, 17C50, 46Kxx]
37
16W20 Automorphisms and endomorphisms
16W22 Actions of groups and semigroups; in-
variant theory
16W25 Derivations, actions of Lie algebras
16W30 (2000) Coalgebras, bialgebras, Hopf al-
gebras ; rings, modules, etc. on which
these act
now 16Txx
16W35 (2000) Ring-theoretic aspects of quan-
tum groups
now 16Txx
16W50 Graded rings and modules
16W55 Super (or skew) structure [See also
17A70, 17Bxx, 17C70] {For exterior al-
gebras, see 15A75; for Clifford algebras,
see 11E88, 15A66}
16W60 Valuations, completions, formal power
series and related constructions [See also
13Jxx]
16W70 Filtered rings; filtrational and graded
techniques
16W80 Topological and ordered rings and mod-
ules [See also 06F25, 13Jxx]
16W99 None of the above, but in this section
16Yxx Generalizations {For nonassociative
rings, see 17-XX}
16Y30 Near-rings [See also 12K05]
16Y60 Semirings [See also 12K10]
16Y99 None of the above, but in this section
16Zxx Computational aspects of associa-
tive rings
16Z05 Computational aspects of associative
rings [See also 68W30]
16Z99 None of the above, but in this section
17-XX Nonassociative rings and alge-
bras
17-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
17-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
17-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
17-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least 17B30 Solvable, nilpotent (super)algebras
one classification number from Section 17B35 Universal enveloping algebras [See also
01) 16S30]
17-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- 17B37 Quantum groups (quantized enveloping
grams (not the theory of computation or algebras) and related deformations [See
programming) also 20G42, 81R50, 82B23]
17-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, 17B40 Automorphisms, derivations, other op-
etc. erators
17-08 Computational methods 17B45 Lie algebras of linear algebraic groups
[See also 14Lxx and 20Gxx]
17B50 Modular Lie (super)algebras
17B55 Homological methods in Lie (su-
17Axx General nonassociative rings
per)algebras
17A01 General theory
17B56 Cohomology of Lie (super)algebras
17A05 Power-associative rings
17B60 Lie (super)algebras associated with
17A10 (1991) Commutative power-associative
other structures (associative, Jordan,
now 17A05
etc.) [See also 16W10, 17C40, 17C50]
17A15 Noncommutative Jordan algebras
17B62 Lie bialgebras
17A20 Flexible algebras
17B63 Poisson algebras
17A25 (1991) Nodal algebras
17B65 Infinite-dimensional Lie (super)algebras
now 17A99
[See also 22E65]
17A30 Algebras satisfying other identities
17B66 Lie algebras of vector fields and related
17A32 Leibniz algebras
(super) algebras
17A35 Division algebras
17B67 Kac-Moody algebras (structure and rep-
17A36 Automorphisms, derivations, other op-
resentation theory)
erators
17B68 Virasoro and related algebras
17A40 Ternary compositions
17B69 Vertex operators; vertex operator alge-
17A42 Other n-ary compositions (n 3)
bras and related structures
17A45 Quadratic algebras (but not quadratic
17B70 Graded Lie (super)algebras
Jordan algebras)
17B75 Color Lie (super)algebras
17A50 Free algebras
17B80 Applications to integrable systems
17A60 Structure theory
17B81 Applications to physics
17A65 Radical theory
17B99 None of the above, but in this section
17A70 Superalgebras
17A75 Composition algebras
17A80 Valued algebras
17Cxx Jordan algebras (algebras, triples
17A99 None of the above, but in this section
and pairs)
17C05 Identities and free Jordan structures
17C10 Structure theory
17Bxx Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras 17C15 (1980) Representations
{For Lie groups, see 22Exx} now .....
17B01 Identities, free Lie (super)algebras 17C17 Radicals
17B05 Structure theory 17C20 Simple, semisimple algebras
17B08 Coadjoint orbits; nilpotent varieties 17C27 Idempotents, Peirce decompositions
17B10 Representations, algebraic theory 17C30 Associated groups, automorphisms
(weights) 17C35 (1980) Formally real domains of positiv-
17B15 Representations, analytic theory ity
17B20 Simple, semisimple, reductive (su- now .....
per)algebras (roots) 17C36 Associated manifolds
17B22 Root systems 17C37 Associated geometries
17B25 Exceptional (super)algebras 17C40 Exceptional Jordan structures

38
17C45 (1980) Homological methods in Jordan
algebras
now .....
17C46 (1980) Cohomology in Jordan algebras
now .....
17C50 Jordan structures associated with other
structures [See also 16W10]
17C55 Finite-dimensional structures
17C60 Division algebras
17C65 Jordan structures on Banach spaces and
algebras [See also 46H70, 46L70]
17C70 Super structures
17C90 Applications to physics
17C99 None of the above, but in this section
17Dxx Other nonassociative rings and al-
gebras
17D05 Alternative rings
17D10 Malcev (Maltsev) rings and algebras
17D15 Right alternative rings
17D20 (, )-rings, including (1, 1)-rings
17D25 Lie-admissible algebras
17D92 Genetic algebras
17D99 None of the above, but in this section
17E05 (1970) Other nonassociative rings
and algebras
now 17Dxx
18-XX Category theory; homological
algebra {For commutative rings see
13Dxx, for associative rings 16Exx, for
groups 20Jxx, for topological groups and
related structures 57Txx; see also 55Nxx
and 55Uxx for algebraic topology}
18-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
18-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
18-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
18-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
39
18-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
18-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
18Axx General theory of categories and
functors
18A05 Definitions, generalizations
18A10 Graphs, diagram schemes, precategories
[See especially 20L05]
18A15 Foundations, relations to logic and de-
ductive systems [See also 03-XX]
18A20 Epimorphisms, monomorphisms, special
classes of morphisms, null morphisms
18A22 Special properties of functors (faithful,
full, etc.)
18A23 Natural morphisms, dinatural mor-
phisms
18A25 Functor categories, comma categories
18A30 Limits and colimits (products, sums, di-
rected limits, pushouts, fiber products,
equalizers, kernels, ends and coends,
etc.)
18A32 Factorization of morphisms, substruc-
tures, quotient structures, congruences,
amalgams
18A35 Categories admitting limits (complete
categories), functors preserving limits,
completions
18A40 Adjoint functors (universal construc-
tions, reflective subcategories, Kan ex-
tensions, etc.)
18A99 None of the above, but in this section
18Bxx Special categories
18B05 Category of sets, characterizations [See
also 03-XX]
18B10 Category of relations, additive relations
18B15 Embedding theorems, universal cate-
gories [See also 18E20]
18B20 Categories of machines, automata, oper-
ative categories [See also 03D05, 68Qxx]
18B25 Topoi [See also 03G30]
18B30 Categories of topological spaces and
continuous mappings [See also 54-XX]
18B35 Preorders, orders and lattices (viewed as
categories) [See also 06-XX]
18B40 Groupoids, semigroupoids, semigroups,
groups (viewed as categories) [See also
20Axx, 20L05, 20Mxx]
18B99 None of the above, but in this section
18Cxx Categories and theories
18C05 Equational categories [See also 03C05,
08C05]
18C10 Theories (e.g. algebraic theories), struc-
ture, and semantics [See also 03G30]
18C15 Triples (= standard construction,
monad or triad), algebras for a triple,
homology and derived functors for
triples [See also 18Gxx]
18C20 Algebras and Kleisli categories associ-
ated with monads
18C30 Sketches and generalizations
18C35 Accessible and locally presentable cate-
gories
18C50 Categorical semantics of formal lan-
guages [See also 68Q55, 68Q65]
18C99 None of the above, but in this section
18Dxx Categories with structure
18D05 Double categories, 2-categories, bicate-
gories and generalizations
18D10 Monoidal categories (= multiplicative
categories), symmetric monoidal cat-
egories, braided categories [See also
19D23]
18D15 Closed categories (closed monoidal and
Cartesian closed categories, etc.)
18D20 Enriched categories (over closed or
monoidal categories)
18D25 Strong functors, strong adjunctions
18D30 Fibered categories
18D35 Structured objects in a category (group
objects, etc.)
18D50 Operads [See also 55P48]
18D99 None of the above, but in this section
18Exx Abelian categories
18E05 Preadditive, additive categories
18E10 Exact categories, abelian categories
18E15 Grothendieck categories
18E20 Embedding theorems [See also 18B15]
40
18E25 Derived functors and satellites
18E30 Derived categories, triangulated cate-
gories
18E35 Localization of categories
18E40 Torsion theories, radicals [See also
13D30, 16S90]
18E99 None of the above, but in this section
18Fxx Categories and geometry
18F05 Local categories and functors
18F10 Grothendieck topologies [See also
14F20]
18F15 Abstract manifolds and fiber bundles
[See also 55Rxx, 57Pxx]
18F20 Presheaves and sheaves [See also 14F05,
32C35, 32L10, 54B40, 55N30]
18F25 Algebraic K-theory and L-theory [See
also 11Exx, 11R70, 11S70, 12-XX,
13D15, 14Cxx, 16E20, 19-XX, 46L80,
57R65, 57R67]
18F30 Grothendieck groups [See also 13D15,
16E20, 19Axx]
18F99 None of the above, but in this section
18Gxx Homological algebra [See also
13Dxx, 16Exx, 20Jxx, 55Nxx, 55Uxx,
57Txx]
18G05 Projectives and injectives [See also
13C10, 13C11, 16D40, 16D50]
18G10 Resolutions; derived functors [See also
13D02, 16E05, 18E25]
18G15 Ext and Tor, generalizations, K unneth
formula [See also 55U25]
18G20 Homological dimension [See also 13D05,
16E10]
18G25 Relative homological algebra, projective
classes
18G30 Simplicial sets, simplicial objects (in a
category) [See also 55U10]
18G35 Chain complexes [See also 18E30,
55U15]
18G40 Spectral sequences, hypercohomology
[See also 55Txx]
18G50 Nonabelian homological algebra
18G55 Homotopical algebra
18G60 Other (co)homology theories [See also
19D55, 46L80, 58J20, 58J22]
18G99 None of the above, but in this section
 19A13 Stability for projective modules [See also
18Hxx (1970) Cohomology of specified al- 13C10]
gebraic systems 19A15 Efficient generation
now ..... 19A22 Frobenius induction, Burnside and rep-
18H05 (1970) General methods resentation rings
now ..... 19A31 K0 of group rings and orders
18H10 (1970) Cohomology and homology of 19A49 K0 of other rings
groups 19A99 None of the above, but in this section
now .....
18H15 (1970) Cohomology and homology of al-
gebras
19Bxx Whitehead groups and K1
now .....
19B10 Stable range conditions
18H20 (1970) Cohomology and homology of
19B14 Stability for linear groups
commutative rings
19B28 K1 of group rings and orders [See also
now .....
57Q10]
18H25 (1970) Cohomology of Lie algebras
19B37 Congruence subgroup problems [See
now .....
also 20H05]
18H30 (1970) Cohomology of Jordan algebras
19B99 None of the above, but in this section
now .....
18H35 (1970) Cohomology of other nonassicia-
tive algebras
now ..... 19Cxx Steinberg groups and K2
18H40 (1970) Cohomology of other algebraic 19C09 Central extensions and Schur multipliers
systems 19C20 Symbols, presentations and stability of
now ..... K2
18H99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec- 19C30 K2 and the Brauer group
tion 19C40 Excision for K2
now ..... 19C99 None of the above, but in this section

19-XX K-theory [See also 16E20, 18F25]

19Dxx Higher algebraic K-theory
19D06 Q- and plus-constructions
19-00 General reference works (handbooks,
19D10 Algebraic K-theory of spaces
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
19D23 Symmetric monoidal categories [See also
19-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
18D10]
torial papers, etc.)
19D25 Karoubi-Villamayor-Gersten K-theory
19-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
19D35 Negative K-theory, NK and Nil
vey articles)
19D45 Higher symbols, Milnor K-theory
19-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
19D50 Computations of higher K-theory of
one classification number from Section
rings [See also 13D15, 16E20]
01)
19D55 K-theory and homology; cyclic homol-
19-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
ogy and cohomology [See also 18G60]
grams (not the theory of computation or
19D99 None of the above, but in this section
programming)
19-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
19Exx K-theory in geometry
19E08 K-theory of schemes [See also 14C35]
19Axx Grothendieck groups and K0 [See 19E15 Algebraic cycles and motivic cohomol-
also 13D15, 18F30] ogy [See also 14C25, 14C35]

41
19E20 Relations with cohomology theories [See
also 14Fxx]
19E99 None of the above, but in this section
19Fxx K-theory in number theory [See also
11R70, 11S70]
19F05 Generalized class field theory [See also
11G45]
19F15 Symbols and arithmetic [See also 11R37]
19F27 Etale cohomology, higher regulators,
zeta and L-functions [See also 11G40,
11R42, 11S40, 14F20, 14G10]
19F99 None of the above, but in this section
19L41 Connective K-theory, cobordism [See
also 55N22]
19L47 Equivariant K-theory [See also 55N91,
55P91, 55Q91, 55R91, 55S91]
19L50 Twisted K-theory; differential K-theory
19L64 Computations, geometric applications
19L99 None of the above, but in this section
19Mxx Miscellaneous applications of K-
theory
19M05 Miscellaneous applications of K-theory
19M99 None of the above, but in this section

20-XX Group theory and generaliza-

19Gxx K-theory of forms [See also 11Exx] tions
19G05 Stability for quadratic modules
19G12 Witt groups of rings [See also 11E81]
19G24 L-theory of group rings [See also 11E81] 20-00 General reference works (handbooks,
19G38 Hermitian K-theory, relations with K- dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
theory of rings 20-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
19G99 None of the above, but in this section torial papers, etc.)
20-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
19Jxx Obstructions from topology 20-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
19J05 Finiteness and other obstructions in K0 one classification number from Section
19J10 Whitehead (and related) torsion 01)
19J25 Surgery obstructions [See also 57R67] 20-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
19J35 Obstructions to group actions grams (not the theory of computation or
19J99 None of the above, but in this section programming)
20-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.

19Kxx K-theory and operator algebras

[See mainly 46L80, and also 46M20]
19K14 K0 as an ordered group, traces
19K33 EXT and K-homology [See also 55N22]
19K35 Kasparov theory (KK-theory) [See also
58J22]
19K56 Index theory [See also 58J20, 58J22]
19K99 None of the above, but in this section
20Axx Foundations
20A05 Axiomatics and elementary properties
20A10 Metamathematical considerations {For
word problems, see 20F10}
20A15 Applications of logic to group theory
20A99 None of the above, but in this section

19Lxx Topological K-theory [See also 20Bxx Permutation groups

55N15, 55R50, 55S25] 20B05 General theory for finite groups
19L10 Riemann-Roch theorems, Chern charac- 20B07 General theory for infinite groups
ters 20B10 Characterization theorems
19L20 J-homomorphism, Adams operations 20B15 Primitive groups
[See also 55Q50] 20B20 Multiply transitive finite groups

42
20B22 Multiply transitive infinite groups
20B25 Finite automorphism groups of alge-
braic, geometric, or combinatorial struc-
tures [See also 05Bxx, 12F10, 20G40,
20H30, 51-XX]
20B25 (1970) Automorphism groups
now 20B25, 20B27
20B27 Infinite automorphism groups [See also
12F10]
20B30 Symmetric groups
20B35 Subgroups of symmetric groups
20B40 Computational methods
20B99 None of the above, but in this section
20Cxx Representation theory of groups
[See also 19A22 (for representation rings
and Burnside rings)]
20C05 Group rings of finite groups and their
modules [See also 16S34]
20C05 (1970) Group rings and their modules
now 20C05, 20C27
20C07 Group rings of infinite groups and their
modules [See also 16S34]
20C08 Hecke algebras and their representations
20C10 Integral representations of finite groups
20C11 p-adic representations of finite groups
20C12 Integral representations of infinite
groups
20C15 Ordinary representations and characters
20C20 Modular representations and characters
20C25 Projective representations and multipli-
ers
20C30 Representations of finite symmetric
groups
20C30 (1970) Representations of symmetric
groups and other special groups
now 20C30, 20C32, 20C33, 20C34
20C32 Representations of infinite symmetric
groups
20C33 Representations of finite groups of Lie
type
20C34 Representations of sporadic groups
20C35 Applications of group representations to
physics
20C40 Computational methods
20C99 None of the above, but in this section
20Dxx Abstract finite groups
20D05 Classification of simple and nonsolvable
groups
20D05 (1970) Simple groups
now 20D05, 20D06, 20D08
20D06 Simple groups: alternating groups and
groups of Lie type [See also 20Gxx]
20D08 Simple groups: sporadic groups
20D10 Solvable groups, theory of formations,
Schunck classes, Fitting classes, -
length, ranks [See also 20F17]
20D15 Nilpotent groups, p-groups
20D20 Sylow subgroups, Sylow properties, -
groups, -structure
20D25 Special subgroups (Frattini, Fitting,
etc.)
20D30 Series and lattices of subgroups
20D35 Subnormal subgroups
20D40 Products of subgroups
20D45 Automorphisms
20D50 (1991) Covering of subgroups
now 20E07
20D60 Arithmetic and combinatorial problems
20D99 None of the above, but in this section
20Exx Structure and classification of infi-
nite or finite groups
20E05 Free nonabelian groups
20E06 Free products, free products with amal-
gamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann
extensions, and generalizations
20E07 Subgroup theorems; subgroup growth
20E08 Groups acting on trees [See also 20F65]
20E10 Quasivarieties and varieties of groups
20E15 Chains and lattices of subgroups, sub-
normal subgroups [See also 20F22]
20E18 Limits, profinite groups
20E20 (1970) Special subgroups other than
commutator types
now .....
20E22 Extensions, wreath products, and other
compositions [See also 20J05]
20E25 Local properties
20E26 Residual properties and generalizations
20E28 Maximal subgroups
20E30 (1970) Free products, generalized prop-
erties
now .....
20E32 Simple groups [See also 20D05]
20E34 General structure theorems

43
20E35 (1970) Representation in associative
rings, Lie rings, combinatorial struc-
tures, etc.
now .....
20E36 General theorems concerning automor-
phisms of groups
20E40 (1970) Fundamental groups, etc.
now .....
20E42 Groups with a BN -pair; buildings [See
also 51E24]
20E45 Conjugacy classes
20E99 None of the above, but in this section
20Fxx Special aspects of infinite or finite
groups
20F05 Generators, relations, and presentations
20F06 Cancellation theory; application of van
Kampen diagrams [See also 57M05]
20F10 Word problems, other decision prob-
lems, connections with logic and au-
tomata [See also 03B25, 03D05, 03D40,
06B25, 08A50, 68Q70]
20F11 Groups of finite Morley rank [See also
03C45, 03C60]
20F12 Commutator calculus
20F14 Derived series, central series, and gener-
alizations
20F15 (1970) Structure theorems
now .....
20F16 Solvable groups, supersolvable groups
[See also 20D10]
20F17 Formations of groups, Fitting classes
[See also 20D10]
20F18 Nilpotent groups [See also 20D15]
20F19 Generalizations of solvable and nilpo-
tent groups
20F22 Other classes of groups defined by sub-
group chains
20F24 FC-groups and their generalizations
20F25 (1970) Extensions, wreath products,
other compositions
now .....
20F26 (1980) Special subgroups
now .....
20F28 Automorphism groups of groups [See
also 20E36]
20F29 Representations of groups as automor-
phism groups of algebraic systems
20F30 (1970) Subgroup lattices, maximal sub-
groups, subnormal subgroups, etc.
44
now .....
20F32 (1991) Geometric group theory
now 20F65
20F34 Fundamental groups and their automor-
phisms [See also 57M05, 57Sxx]
20F36 Braid groups; Artin groups
20F38 Other groups related to topology or
analysis
20F40 Associated Lie structures
20F45 Engel conditions
20F50 Periodic groups; locally finite groups
20F55 Reflection and Coxeter groups [See also
22E40, 51F15]
20F55 (1970) Automorphism
now .....
20F60 Ordered groups [See mainly 06F15]
20F65 Geometric group theory [See also 05C25,
20E08, 57Mxx]
20F67 Hyperbolic groups and nonpositively
curved groups
20F69 Asymptotic properties of groups
20F70 Algebraic geometry over groups; equa-
tions over groups
20F99 None of the above, but in this section
20Gxx Linear algebraic groups (classical
groups) {For arithmetic theory, see
11E57, 11H56; for geometric theory, see
14Lxx, 22Exx; for other methods in rep-
resentation theory, see 15A30, 22E45,
22E46, 22E47, 22E50, 22E55}
20G05 Representation theory
20G07 Structure theory
20G10 Cohomology theory
20G15 Linear algebraic groups over arbitrary
fields
20G20 Linear algebraic groups over the reals,
the complexes, the quaternions
20G25 Linear algebraic groups over local fields
and their integers
20G30 Linear algebraic groups over global fields
and their integers
20G35 Linear algebraic groups over ad`eles and
other rings and schemes
20G40 Linear algebraic groups over finite fields
20G41 Exceptional groups
20G42 Quantum groups (quantized function al-
gebras) and their representations [See
also 17B37, 81R50]
20G43 Schur and q-Schur algebras
20G44 Kac-Moody groups
20G45 Applications to physics
20G99 None of the above, but in this section
20Hxx Other groups of matrices [See also
15A30]
20H05 Unimodular groups, congruence sub-
groups [See also 11F06, 19B37, 22E40,
51F20]
20H10 Fuchsian groups and their generaliza-
tions [See also 11F06, 22E40, 30F35,
32Nxx]
20H15 Other geometric groups, including crys-
tallographic groups [See also 51-XX, es-
pecially 51F15, and 82D25]
20H20 Other matrix groups over fields
20H25 Other matrix groups over rings
20H30 Other matrix groups over finite fields
20H99 None of the above, but in this section
20Jxx Connections with homological al-
gebra and category theory
20J05 Homological methods in group theory
20J06 Cohomology of groups
20J10 (1991) Groups arising as cohomology
groups
now 20J05
20J15 Category of groups
20J99 None of the above, but in this section
20Kxx Abelian groups
20K01 Finite abelian groups
20K05 (1991) Finitely generated groups
now 20K21
20K10 Torsion groups, primary groups and
generalized primary groups
20K12 (1991) Ulm sequences
now 20K10
20K15 Torsion-free groups, finite rank
20K20 Torsion-free groups, infinite rank
20K21 Mixed groups
20K25 Direct sums, direct products, etc.
20K26 (1991) Indecomposable groups
now 20K25
20K27 Subgroups
20K30 Automorphisms, homomorphisms, en-
domorphisms, etc.
45
20K35 Extensions
20K40 Homological and categorical methods
20K45 Topological methods [See also 22A05,
22B05]
20K99 None of the above, but in this section
20Lxx Groupoids (i.e. small categories in
which all morphisms are isomor-
phisms) {For sets with a single binary
operation, see 20N02; for topological
groupoids, see 22A22, 58H05}
20L05 Groupoids (i.e. small categories in
which all morphisms are isomorphisms)
{For sets with a single binary operation,
see 20N02; for topological groupoids, see
22A22, 58H05}
20Lxx (1991) Groupoids
now 20L05
20L10 (1991) Connections with group theory
now 20L05
20L13 (1991) Mappings of groupoids
now 20L05
20L15 (1991) Connections with topology
now 20L05
20L17 (1991) Connections with category theory
now 20L05
20L99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now 20L05
20L99 None of the above, but in this section
20Mxx Semigroups
20M05 Free semigroups, generators and rela-
tions, word problems
20M07 Varieties of semigroups
20M10 General structure theory
20M11 Radical theory
20M12 Ideal theory
20M13 Arithmetic theory of monoids
20M14 Commutative semigroups
20M15 Mappings of semigroups
20M17 Regular semigroups
20M18 Inverse semigroups
20M19 Orthodox semigroups
20M20 Semigroups of transformations, etc. [See
also 47D03, 47H20, 54H15]
20M25 Semigroup rings, multiplicative semi-
groups of rings [See also 16S36, 16Y60]
20M30 Representation of semigroups; actions of
semigroups on sets
20M32 Algebraic monoids
20M35 Semigroups in automata theory, linguis-
tics, etc. [See also 03D05, 68Q70,
68T50]
20M50 Connections of semigroups with homo-
logical algebra and category theory
20M99 None of the above, but in this section
20Nxx Other generalizations of groups
20N02 Sets with a single binary operation
(groupoids)
20N05 Loops, quasigroups [See also 05Bxx]
20N07 (1991) Mappings of loops
now 20N05
20N10 Ternary systems (heaps, semiheaps,
heapoids, etc.)
20N15 n-ary systems (n 3)
20N20 Hypergroups
20N25 Fuzzy groups [See also 03E72]
20N99 None of the above, but in this section
20Pxx Probabilistic methods in group
theory [See also 60Bxx]
20P05 Probabilistic methods in group theory
[See also 60Bxx]
20P99 None of the above, but in this section
22-XX Topological groups, Lie groups
{For transformation groups, see 54H15,
57Sxx, 58-XX. For abstract harmonic
analysis, see 43-XX}
22-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
22-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
22-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
22-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
46
22-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
22-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
22Axx Topological and differentiable al-
gebraic systems {For topological rings
and fields, see 12Jxx, 13Jxx, 16W80}
22A05 Structure of general topological groups
22A10 Analysis on general topological groups
22A15 Structure of topological semigroups
22A20 Analysis on topological semigroups
22A22 Topological groupoids (including differ-
entiable and Lie groupoids) [See also
58H05]
22A25 Representations of general topological
groups and semigroups
22A26 Topological semilattices, lattices and
applications [See also 06B30, 06B35,
06F30]
22A30 Other topological algebraic systems and
their representations
22A99 None of the above, but in this section
22Bxx Locally compact abelian groups
(LCA groups)
22B05 General properties and structure of LCA
groups
22B10 Structure of group algebras of LCA
groups
22B99 None of the above, but in this section
22Cxx Compact groups
22C05 Compact groups
22C99 None of the above, but in this section
22Dxx Locally compact groups and their
algebras
22D05 General properties and structure of lo-
cally compact groups
22D10 Unitary representations of locally com-
pact groups
22D12 Other representations of locally compact
groups
22D15 Group algebras of locally compact
groups
22D20 Representations of group algebras
22D25 C -algebras and W *-algebras in rela-
tion to group representations [See also
46Lxx]
22D30 Induced representations
22D35 Duality theorems
22D40 Ergodic theory on groups [See also
28Dxx]
22D45 Automorphism groups of locally com-
pact groups
22D99 None of the above, but in this section
22Exx Lie groups {For the topology of Lie
groups and homogeneous spaces, see
57Sxx, 57Txx; for analysis thereon, see
43A80, 43A85, 43A90}
22E05 Local Lie groups [See also 34-XX, 35-
XX, 58H05]
22E10 General properties and structure of
complex Lie groups [See also 32M05]
22E15 General properties and structure of real
Lie groups
22E20 General properties and structure of
other Lie groups
22E25 Nilpotent and solvable Lie groups
22E27 Representations of nilpotent and solv-
able Lie groups (special orbital integrals,
non-type I representations, etc.)
22E30 Analysis on real and complex Lie groups
[See also 33C80, 43-XX]
22E35 Analysis on p-adic Lie groups
22E40 Discrete subgroups of Lie groups [See
also 20Hxx, 32Nxx]
22E41 Continuous cohomology [See also
57R32, 57Txx, 58H10]
22E43 Structure and representation of the
Lorentz group
22E45 Representations of Lie and linear alge-
braic groups over real fields: analytic
methods {For the purely algebraic the-
ory, see 20G05}
22E46 Semisimple Lie groups and their repre-
sentations
22E47 Representations of Lie and real algebraic
groups: algebraic methods (Verma mod-
ules, etc.) [See also 17B10]
22E50 Representations of Lie and linear alge-
braic groups over local fields [See also
47
20G05]
22E55 Representations of Lie and linear alge-
braic groups over global fields and ad`ele
rings [See also 20G05]
22E57 Geometric Langlands program:
representation-theoretic aspects [See
also 14D24]
22E60 Lie algebras of Lie groups {For the alge-
braic theory of Lie algebras, see 17Bxx}
22E65 Infinite-dimensional Lie groups and
their Lie algebras [See also 17B65,
58B25, 58H05]
22E66 Analysis on and representations of
infinite-dimensional Lie groups
22E67 Loop groups and related construc-
tions, group-theoretic treatment [See
also 58D05]
22E70 Applications of Lie groups to physics;
explicit representations [See also 81R05,
81R10]
22E99 None of the above, but in this section
22Fxx Noncompact transformation
groups
22F05 General theory of group and pseu-
dogroup actions {For topological prop-
erties of spaces with an action, see
57S20}
22F10 Measurable group actions [See also
22D40, 28Dxx, 37Axx]
22F30 Homogeneous spaces {For general ac-
tions on manifolds or preserving geomet-
rical structures, see 57M60, 57Sxx; for
discrete subgroups of Lie groups see es-
pecially 22E40}
22F50 Groups as automorphisms of other
structures
22F99 None of the above, but in this section
26-XX Real functions [See also 54C30]
26-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
26-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
26-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
26-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least 26A54 (1970) Several variables: continuity and
one classification number from Section differentiation questions
01) now 26B05
26-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- 26A57 (1970) Several variables: implicit funci-
grams (not the theory of computation or ton theorems, Jacobians, transforma-
programming) tions with several variables
26-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, now 26B10
etc. 26A60 (1970) Caculus of vector functions
now 26B12
26A63 (1970) Integration: length, area, volums
now 26B15
26Axx Functions of one variable 26A66 (1970) Integration formulas (Stokes,
26A03 Foundations: limits and generalizations, Gauss, Green, etc.)
elementary topology of the line now 26B20
26A06 One-variable calculus 26A69 (1970) Special properties of functions
26A09 Elementary functions of several variables, Hoelder conditions,
26A12 Rate of growth of functions, orders of in- etc.
finity, slowly varying functions [See also now 26B35
26A48] 26A72 (1970) Superposition of functions
26A15 Continuity and related questions (mod- now 26B40
ulus of continuity, semicontinuity, dis- 26A75 (1970) Polynomials (analytic properties,
continuities, etc.) {For properties deter- inequalities, etc.)
mined by Fourier coefficients, see 42A16; now 26C05
for those determined by approximation 26A78 (1970) Polynomials (location of zeros)
properties, see 41A25, 41A27} now 26C10
26A16 Lipschitz (Holder) classes 26A81 (1970) Rational functions
26A18 Iteration [See also 37Bxx, 37Cxx, now 26C15
37Exx, 39B12, 47H10, 54H25] 26A82 (1970) Inequalities for trigonometric
26A21 Classification of real functions; Baire functions and polynomials
classification of sets and functions [See now 26D05
also 03E15, 28A05, 54C50] 26A84 (1970) Inequalitites involving derivatives
26A24 Differentiation (functions of one vari- and differential and integral operators
able): general theory, generalized now 26D10
derivatives, mean-value theorems [See 26A86 (1970) Inequalitites for sums, series and
also 28A15] integrals
26A27 Nondifferentiability (nondifferentiable now 26D15
functions, points of nondifferentiabil- 26A87 (1970) Other analytical inequalities
ity), discontinuous derivatives now 26D20
26A30 Singular functions, Cantor functions, 26A90 (1970) Real-analytic functions
functions with other special properties now 26E05
26A33 Fractional derivatives and integrals 26A93 (1970) C -functions, quasi-analytic
26A36 Antidifferentiation functions
26A39 Denjoy and Perron integrals, other spe- now 26E10
cial integrals 26A96 (1970) Calculus of functions on infinite-
26A42 Integrals of Riemann, Stieltjes and dimensional spaces
Lebesgue type [See also 28-XX] now 26E15
26A45 Functions of bounded variation, gener- 26A98 (1970) Nonstandard analysis
alizations now 26E35
26A46 Absolutely continuous functions 26A99 None of the above, but in this section
26A48 Monotonic functions, generalizations
26A51 Convexity, generalizations

48
26Bxx Functions of several variables 26E15
26B05 Continuity and differentiation questions
26B10 Implicit function theorems, Jacobians,
transformations with several variables 26E20
26B12 Calculus of vector functions
26B15 Integration: length, area, volume [See
also 28A75, 51M25] 26E25
26B20 Integral formulas (Stokes, Gauss, Green,
etc.)
26B25 Convexity, generalizations 26E30
26B30 Absolutely continuous functions, func-
tions of bounded variation 26E35
26B35 Special properties of functions of several
variables, Holder conditions, etc. 26E40
26B40 Representation and superposition of
functions 26E50
26B99 None of the above, but in this section
26E60
26E70
26Cxx Polynomials, rational functions
26C05 Polynomials: analytic properties, etc. 26E99
[See also 12Dxx, 12Exx]
26C10 Polynomials: location of zeros [See also
12D10, 30C15, 65H05]
26C15 Rational functions [See also 14Pxx] 28-XX Measure and integration {For
26C99 None of the above, but in this section
Calculus of functions on infinite-
dimensional spaces [See also 46G05,
58Cxx]
Calculus of functions taking values
in infinite-dimensional spaces [See also
46E40, 46G10, 58Cxx]
Set-valued functions [See also 28B20,
54C60] {For nonsmooth analysis, see
49J52, 58Cxx, 90Cxx}
Non-Archimedean analysis [See also
12J25]
Nonstandard analysis [See also 03H05,
28E05, 54J05]
Constructive real analysis [See also
03F60]
Fuzzy real analysis [See also 03E72,
28E10]
Means [See also 47A64]
Real analysis on time scales or measure
chains {For dynamic equations on time
scales or measure chains see 34N05}
None of the above, but in this section
analysis on manifolds, see 58-XX}

28-00 General reference works (handbooks,

26Dxx Inequalities {For maximal function 28-01
inequalities, see 42B25; for functional
inequalities, see 39B72; for probabilistic 28-02
inequalities, see 60E15}
26D05 Inequalities for trigonometric functions 28-03
and polynomials
26D07 Inequalities involving other types of
functions 28-04
26D10 Inequalities involving derivatives and
differential and integral operators
26D15 Inequalities for sums, series and inte- 28-06
grals
26D20 Other analytical inequalities
26D99 None of the above, but in this section
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.

28Axx Classical measure theory

26Exx Miscellaneous topics [See also 58Cxx]
26E05 Real-analytic functions [See also 32B05,
32C05]
26E10 C -functions, quasi-analytic functions
[See also 58C25]
28A05 Classes of sets (Borel fields, -rings,
etc.), measurable sets, Suslin sets, ana-
lytic sets [See also 03E15, 26A21, 54H05]
28A10 Real- or complex-valued set functions
28A12 Contents, measures, outer measures, ca-
pacities

49
28A15 Abstract differentiation theory, differen-
tiation of set functions [See also 26A24]
28A20 Measurable and nonmeasurable func-
tions, sequences of measurable func-
tions, modes of convergence
28A25 Integration with respect to measures
and other set functions
28A30 (1970) Integration theory via linear
functionals (Radon measures, Daniell
integrals, etc.)
now 28C05
28A33 Spaces of measures, convergence of mea-
sures [See also 46E27, 60Bxx]
28A35 Measures and integrals in product
spaces
28A40 (1970) Measures and integrals in func-
tion spaces, Weiner measure
now 28C20
28A45 (1970) Vector-valued measures and inte-
grals, integration of vector-valued func-
tions
now 28B05
28A50 Integration and disintegration of mea-
sures
28A51 Lifting theory [See also 46G15]
28A55 (1970) Measures and integrals with val-
ues in general ordered systems
now 28B15
28A60 Measures on Boolean rings, measure al-
gebras [See also 54H10]
28A65 (1970) Measure-preserving transforma-
tions, flows
now 28D05
28A70 (1970) Invariant measures, Haar mea-
sure
now 28C10
28A75 Length, area, volume, other geometric
measure theory [See also 26B15, 49Q15]
28A78 Hausdorff and packing measures
28A80 Fractals [See also 37Fxx]
28A99 None of the above, but in this section
28Bxx Set functions, measures and inte-
grals with values in abstract spaces
28B05 Vector-valued set functions, measures
and integrals [See also 46G10]
28B10 Group- or semigroup-valued set func-
tions, measures and integrals
28B15 Set functions, measures and integrals
with values in ordered spaces
50
28B20 Set-valued set functions and measures;
integration of set-valued functions; mea-
surable selections [See also 26E25,
54C60, 54C65, 91B14]
28B99 None of the above, but in this section
28Cxx Set functions and measures on
spaces with additional structure
[See also 46G12, 58C35, 58D20]
28C05 Integration theory via linear function-
als (Radon measures, Daniell integrals,
etc.), representing set functions and
measures
28C10 Set functions and measures on topolog-
ical groups, Haar measures, invariant
measures [See also 22Axx, 43A05]
28C15 Set functions and measures on topolog-
ical spaces (regularity of measures, etc.)
28C20 Set functions and measures and in-
tegrals in infinite-dimensional spaces
(Wiener measure, Gaussian measure,
etc.) [See also 46G12, 58C35, 58D20,
60B11]
28C99 None of the above, but in this section
28Dxx Measure-theoretic ergodic theory
[See also 11K50, 11K55, 22D40, 37Axx,
47A35, 54H20, 60Fxx, 60G10]
28D05 Measure-preserving transformations
28D10 One-parameter continuous families of
measure-preserving transformations
28D15 General groups of measure-preserving
transformations
28D20 Entropy and other invariants
28D99 None of the above, but in this section
28Exx Miscellaneous topics in measure
theory
28E05 Nonstandard measure theory [See also
03H05, 26E35]
28E10 Fuzzy measure theory [See also 03E72,
26E50, 94D05]
28E15 Other connections with logic and set
theory
28E99 None of the above, but in this section
 30A20 (1970) Functional equations in the com-
plex domain, iteration and composition
30-XX Functions of a complex variable
of analytic functions
{For analysis on manifolds, see 58-XX}
now 30D05
30A22 (1970) Continued fraction
30-00 General reference works (handbooks, now 30B70
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) 30A24 (1970) Confromal mappings of special
30-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- domains
torial papers, etc.) now 30C20
30-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- 30A26 (1970) Covering theorems in conformal
vey articles) mapping theory
30-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least now 30C25
one classification number from Section 30A28 (1970) Numerical methods in conformal
01) mapping theory
30-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- now 30C30
grams (not the theory of computation or 30A30 (1970) General theory of conformal
programming) mappings
30-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, now 30C35
etc. 30A31 (1970) Kernel functions and applica-
tions
now 30C40
30Axx General properties 30A32 (1970) Special classes of univalent and
30A02 (1970) Monogenic properties of complex multivalent functions
functions now 30C45
now 30A05 30A34 (1970) Coefficient problems for univa-
30A04 (1970) Inequalitites in the complex do- lent and multivalent functions
main now 30C50
now 30A10 30A36 (1970) General theory of univalent and
30A05 Monogenic properties of complex func- multivalent functions
tions (including polygenic and areolar now 30C55
monogenic functions) 30A38 (1970) Extremal problems, variational
30A06 (1970) Polynomials methods
now 30C10 now 30C70
30A08 (1970) Zeros of polynomials, rational 30A40 (1970) Extremal problems, other meth-
functions, and other analytic functions ods
now 30C15 now 30C75
30A10 Inequalities in the complex domain 30A42 (1970) Maximum principle; Schwarz
30A10 (1970) Power series (including lacunary Lemma, Lindeloef principle, analogues
series) and generalizations
now 30B10 now 30C80
30A12 (1970) Boundary behavior of power se- 30A44 (1970) Capacity and harmonic measure
ries, over-convergence in the complex plane
now 30B30 now 30C85
30A14 (1970) Analytic continuation 30A46 (1970) Compact Riemann surfaces and
now 30B40 uniformizations
30A16 (1970) Dirichlet series and other series now 30F10
expansions, exponential series 30A48 (1970) Classification theory of Riemann
now 30B50 surfaces
30A18 (1970) Completness problems, closure of now 30F20
a system of functions 30A50 (1970) Ideal boundary theory
now 30B60 now 30F25

51
30A52 (1970) Differentials on Riemann sur- 30A90 (1970) Topological function theory
faces now 30G12
now 30F30 30A91 (1970) Nonstandard function theory
30A58 (1970) Discontinuous groups and auto- now 30G06
morphic functions 30A92 (1970) Generalized analytic functions
now 30F35 now 30Gxx
30A60 (1970) Quasiformal mappings and func- 30A93 (1970) Pseudo-analytic functions
tions now 30G20
now 30C62, 30C65 30A94 (1970) p-analytic functions
30A62 (1970) Representations of entire func- now 30G20
tions by series and integrals 30A95 (1970) Discrete analytic functions
now 30D10 now 30G25
30A64 (1970) Special classes of entire functions 30A96 (1970) Other generalizations of analytic
and growth estimates functions
now 30D15 now 30G30
30A66 (1970) Entire functions, general theory 30A97 (1970) Functions of hypercomplex vari-
now 30D20 ables and generalized variables
30A68 (1970) Meromorphic functions, general now 30G35
theory 30A98 (1970) Spaces and algebras of analytic
now 30D30 functions
30A70 (1970) Distribution of values, Nevan- now 30H05
linna theory 30A99 None of the above, but in this section
now 30D35
30A72 (1970) Cluster sets, prime ends, bound-
ary behavior
30Bxx Series expansions
now 30D40
30B10 Power series (including lacunary series)
30A74 (1970) Normal functions, normal fami-
30B20 Random power series
lies
30B30 Boundary behavior of power series, over-
now 30D45
convergence
30A76 (1970) Blaschke products, bounded char-
30B40 Analytic continuation
acteristic, bounded functions, functions
30B50 Dirichlet series and other series ex-
with positive real part
pansions, exponential series [See also
now 30J10
11M41, 42-XX]
30A78 (1970) H-p, quasianalytic and other
30B60 Completeness problems, closure of a sys-
classes of functions
tem of functions
now 30H10
30B70 Continued fractions [See also 11A55,
30A80 (1970) Moment problems, interpolation
40A15]
problems
30B99 None of the above, but in this section
now 30E05
30A82 (1970) Approximation in the complex
domain
now 30E10 30Cxx Geometric function theory
30A84 (1970) Asymptotic representations in 30C10 Polynomials
the complex domain 30C15 Zeros of polynomials, rational functions,
now 30E15 and other analytic functions (e.g. zeros
30A86 (1970) Integration, integrals of Cauchy of functions with bounded Dirichlet in-
type, integral representations of analytic tegral) {For algebraic theory, see 12D10;
functions for real methods, see 26C10}
now 30E20 30C20 Conformal mappings of special domains
30A88 (1970) Boundary value problems 30C25 Covering theorems in conformal map-
now 30E25 ping theory

52
30C30 Numerical methods in conformal map-
ping theory [See also 65E05]
30C35 General theory of conformal mappings
30C40 Kernel functions and applications
30C45 Special classes of univalent and mul-
tivalent functions (starlike, convex,
bounded rotation, etc.)
30C50 Coefficient problems for univalent and
multivalent functions
30C55 General theory of univalent and multi-
valent functions
30C60 (1980) Quasiconformal mappings
now 30C62, 30C65
30C62 Quasiconformal mappings in the plane
30C65 Quasiconformal mappings in Rn , other
generalizations
30C70 Extremal problems for conformal and
quasiconformal mappings, variational
methods
30C75 Extremal problems for conformal and
quasiconformal mappings, other meth-
ods
30C80 Maximum principle; Schwarzs lemma,
Lindelof principle, analogues and gener-
alizations; subordination
30C85 Capacity and harmonic measure in the
complex plane [See also 31A15]
30C99 None of the above, but in this section
30Dxx Entire and meromorphic func-
tions, and related topics
30D05 Functional equations in the complex do-
main, iteration and composition of ana-
lytic functions [See also 34Mxx, 37Fxx,
39-XX]
30D10 Representations of entire functions by
series and integrals
30D15 Special classes of entire functions and
growth estimates
30D20 Entire functions, general theory
30D30 Meromorphic functions, general theory
30D35 Distribution of values, Nevanlinna the-
ory
30D40 Cluster sets, prime ends, boundary be-
havior
30D45 Bloch functions, normal functions, nor-
mal families
30D50 (2000) Blaschke products, bounded
mean oscillation, bounded characteris-
tic, bounded functions, functions with
53
positive real part
now 30J10
30D55 (2000) H p -classes
now 30H10
30D60 Quasi-analytic and other classes of func-
tions
30D99 None of the above, but in this section
30Exx Miscellaneous topics of analysis in
the complex domain
30E05 Moment problems, interpolation prob-
lems
30E10 Approximation in the complex domain
30E15 Asymptotic representations in the com-
plex domain
30E20 Integration, integrals of Cauchy type,
integral representations of analytic func-
tions [See also 45Exx]
30E25 Boundary value problems [See also
45Exx]
30E99 None of the above, but in this section
30Fxx Riemann surfaces
30F10 Compact Riemann surfaces and uni-
formization [See also 14H15, 32G15]
30F15 Harmonic functions on Riemann sur-
faces
30F20 Classification theory of Riemann sur-
faces
30F25 Ideal boundary theory
30F30 Differentials on Riemann surfaces
30F35 Fuchsian groups and automorphic func-
tions [See also 11Fxx, 20H10, 22E40,
32Gxx, 32Nxx]
30F40 Kleinian groups [See also 20H10]
30F45 Conformal metrics (hyperbolic,
Poincare, distance functions)
30F50 Klein surfaces
30F60 Teichm uller theory [See also 32G15]
30F99 None of the above, but in this section
30Gxx Generalized function theory
30G05 (1980) Non-Archimedean function the-
ory
now 30G06
30G06 Non-Archimedean function theory [See
also 12J25]; nonstandard function the-
ory [See also 03H05]
30G10 (1980) Nonstandard function theory
now 30G06
30G12 Finely holomorphic functions and topo-
logical function theory
30G15 (1980) Topological function theory
now 30G12
30G20 Generalizations of Bers or Vekua type
(pseudoanalytic, p-analytic, etc.)
30G25 Discrete analytic functions
30G30 Other generalizations of analytic func-
tions (including abstract-valued func-
tions)
30G35 Functions of hypercomplex variables
and generalized variables
30G99 None of the above, but in this section
30Hxx Spaces and algebras of analytic
functions
30H05 Bounded analytic functions
30H10 Hardy spaces
30H15 Nevanlinna class and Smirnov class
30H20 Bergman spaces, Fock spaces
30H25 Besov spaces and Qp -spaces
30H30 Bloch spaces
30H35 BMO-spaces
30H50 Algebras of analytic functions
30H80 Corona theorems
30H99 None of the above, but in this section
30Jxx Function theory on the disc
30J05 Inner functions
30J10 Blaschke products
30J15 Singular inner functions
30J99 None of the above, but in this section
30L10 Quasiconformal mappings in metric
spaces
30L99 None of the above, but in this section
31-XX Potential theory {For probabilistic
potential theory, see 60J45}
31-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
31-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
31-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
31-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
31-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
31-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
31Axx Two-dimensional theory
31A05 Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic
functions
31A10 Integral representations, integral opera-
tors, integral equations methods
31A15 Potentials and capacity, harmonic mea-
sure, extremal length [See also 30C85]
31A20 Boundary behavior (theorems of Fatou
type, etc.)
31A25 Boundary value and inverse problems
31A30 Biharmonic, polyharmonic functions
and equations, Poissons equation
31A35 Connections with differential equations
31A99 None of the above, but in this section

30Kxx Universal holomorphic functions

30K05 Universal Taylor series
30K10 Universal Dirichlet series 31Bxx Higher-dimensional theory
30K15 Bounded universal functions 31B05 Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic
30K20 Compositional universality functions
30K99 None of the above, but in this section 31B10 Integral representations, integral opera-
tors, integral equations methods
31B15 Potentials and capacities, extremal
length
30Lxx Analysis on metric spaces 31B20 Boundary value and inverse problems
30L05 Geometric embeddings of metric spaces 31B25 Boundary behavior

54
31B30 Biharmonic and polyharmonic equa-
tions and functions
31B35 Connections with differential equations
31B99 None of the above, but in this section
31Cxx Other generalizations
31C05 Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic
functions
31C10 Pluriharmonic and plurisubharmonic
functions [See also 32U05]
31C12 Potential theory on Riemannian mani-
folds [See also 53C20; for Hodge theory,
see 58A14]
31C15 Potentials and capacities
31C20 Discrete potential theory and numerical
methods
31C25 Dirichlet spaces
31C35 Martin boundary theory [See also 60J50]
31C40 Fine potential theory
31C45 Other generalizations (nonlinear poten-
tial theory, etc.)
31C99 None of the above, but in this section
31Dxx Axiomatic potential theory
31D05 Axiomatic potential theory
31D99 None of the above, but in this section
31Exx Potential theory on metric spaces
31E05 Potential theory on metric spaces
31E99 None of the above, but in this section
32-XX Several complex variables
and analytic spaces {For infinite-
dimensional holomorphy, see 46G20,
58B12}
32-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
32-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
32-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
32-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
55
32-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
32-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
32Axx Holomorphic functions of several
complex variables
32A05 Power series, series of functions
32A07 Special domains (Reinhardt, Hartogs,
circular, tube)
32A10 Holomorphic functions
32A12 Multifunctions
32A15 Entire functions
32A17 Special families of functions
32A18 Bloch functions, normal functions
32A19 Normal families of functions, mappings
32A20 Meromorphic functions
32A22 Nevanlinna theory (local); growth esti-
mates; other inequalities {For geometric
theory, see 32H25, 32H30}
32A25 Integral representations; canonical ker-
nels (Szego, Bergman, etc.)
32A26 Integral representations, constructed
kernels (e.g. Cauchy, Fantappi`e-type
kernels)
32A27 Local theory of residues [See also 32C30]
32A30 Other generalizations of function the-
ory of one complex variable (should also
be assigned at least one classification
number from Section 30) {For functions
of several hypercomplex variables, see
30G35}
32A35 H p -spaces, Nevanlinna spaces [See also
32M15, 42B30, 43A85, 46J15]
32A36 Bergman spaces
32A37 Other spaces of holomorphic func-
tions (e.g. bounded mean oscillation
(BMOA), vanishing mean oscillation
(VMOA) [See also 46Exx]
32A38 Algebras of holomorphic functions [See
also 30H05, 46J10, 46J15]
32A40 Boundary behavior of holomorphic func-
tions
32A45 Hyperfunctions [See also 46F15]
32A50 Harmonic analysis of several complex
variables [See mainly 43-XX]
32A55 Singular integrals
32A60 Zero sets of holomorphic functions
32A65 Banach algebra techniques [See mainly 32C40 (1980) Singularities
46Jxx] now 32Sxx
32A70 Functional analysis techniques [See 32C42 (1980) Stratified sets, etc.
mainly 46Exx] now 32S60
32A99 None of the above, but in this section 32C45 (1980) Modifications, resolution of sin-
gularities
now 32S45
32Bxx Local analytic geometry [See also 13- 32C55 The Levi problem in complex spaces;
XX and 14-XX] generalizations
32B05 Analytic algebras and generalizations, 32C81 Applications to physics
preparation theorems 32C99 None of the above, but in this section
32B10 Germs of analytic sets, local
parametrization
32B15 Analytic subsets of affine space 32Dxx Analytic continuation
32B20 Semi-analytic sets and subanalytic sets 32D05 Domains of holomorphy
[See also 14P15] 32D10 Envelopes of holomorphy
32B25 Triangulation and related questions 32D15 Continuation of analytic objects
32B30 (1980) Local singularities 32D20 Removable singularities
now ..... 32D25 Riemann domains
32B99 None of the above, but in this section 32D25 (1980) Non-Archiemedean function the-
ory
now .....
32Cxx Analytic spaces 32D99 None of the above, but in this section
32C05 Real-analytic manifolds, real-analytic
spaces [See also 14Pxx, 58A07]
32C07 Real-analytic sets, complex Nash func-
tions [See also 14P15, 14P20] 32Exx Holomorphic convexity
32C09 Embedding of real analytic manifolds 32E05 Holomorphically convex complex
32C10 (1991) Complex manifolds spaces, reduction theory
now 32Qxx 32E10 Stein spaces, Stein manifolds Holomor-
32C11 Complex supergeometry [See also phically convex complex spaces, reduc-
14A22, 14M30, 58A50] tion theory
32C15 Complex spaces 32E15 (1980) Runge pairs
32C16 (1991) CR-manifolds now .....
now 32Vxx 32E20 Polynomial convexity
32C17 (1991) Kahler geometry 32E25 (1991) Algebras of holomorphic func-
now 32Q15 tions
32C18 Topology of analytic spaces now 32A38
32C20 Normal analytic spaces 32E27 (1980) Krasner-Tate algebras, etc. (al-
32C22 Embedding of analytic spaces gebra of holomorphic functions over
32C25 Analytic subsets and submanifolds non-Archimedean fields)
32C30 Integration on analytic sets and spaces, now .....
currents {For local theory, see 32A25 or 32E30 Holomorphic and polynomial approxi-
32A27} mation, Runge pairs, interpolation
32C35 Analytic sheaves and cohomology 32E35 Global boundary behavior of holomor-
groups [See also 14Fxx, 18F20, 55N30] phic functions
32C36 Local cohomology of analytic spaces 32E40 The Levi problem
32C37 Duality theorems 32E99 None of the above, but in this section
32C38 Sheaves of differential operators and
their modules, D-modules [See also
14F10, 16S32, 35A27, 58J15] 32Fxx Geometric convexity

56
32F05 (1991) Plurisubharmonic functions and
generalizations
now 32U05
32F07 (1991) Complex Monge-Ampere opera-
tor
now 32W20
32F10 q-convexity, q-concavity
32F15 (1991) Pseudoconvex domains
now 32Txx
32F17 Other notions of convexity
32F18 Finite-type conditions
32F20 (1991) - and b -Neumann problems
now 32W05, 32W10
32F25 (1991) Real submanifolds in complex
manifolds
now 32V40
32F27 Topological consequences of geometric
convexity
32F30 (1991) Pseudoconvex manifolds
now 32Txx
32F32 Analytical consequences of geometric
convexity (vanishing theorems, etc.)
32F40 (1991) CR structures, (tangential) CR
operators and generalizations
now 32V05
32F45 Invariant metrics and pseudodistances
32F99 None of the above, but in this section
32Gxx Deformations of analytic struc-
tures
32G05 Deformations of complex structures [See
also 13D10, 16S80, 58H10, 58H15]
32G07 Deformations of special (e.g. CR) struc-
tures
32G08 Deformations of fiber bundles
32G10 Deformations of submanifolds and sub-
spaces
32G11 (1980) Deformations of singularities
now 32S30
32G13 Analytic moduli problems [See also
14H15, 14J15] {For algebraic moduli
problems, see 14D20, 14D22, 14H10,
14J10}
32G15 Moduli of Riemann surfaces, Te-
ichmuller theory [See also 14H15,
30Fxx]
32G20 Period matrices, variation of Hodge
structure; degenerations [See also
14D05, 14D07, 14K30]
57
32G34 Moduli and deformations for ordinary
differential equations (e.g. Khnizhnik-
Zamolodchikov equation) [See also
34Mxx]
32G81 Applications to physics
32G99 None of the above, but in this section
32Hxx Holomorphic mappings and corre-
spondences
32H02 Holomorphic mappings, (holomorphic)
embeddings and related questions
32H04 Meromorphic mappings
32H05 (1980) Representative domains
now 32A25
32H10 (1991) Bergman kernel function, repre-
sentative domains
now 32A25
32H12 Boundary uniqueness of mappings
32H15 (1991) Invariant metrics and pseudodis-
tances
now 32F45
32H20 (1991) Hyperbolic complex manifolds
now 32Q45
32H25 Picard-type theorems and generaliza-
tions {For function-theoretic properties,
see 32A22}
32H30 Value distribution theory in higher di-
mensions {For function-theoretic prop-
erties, see 32A22}
32H35 Proper mappings, finiteness theorems
32H40 Boundary regularity of mappings
32H99 None of the above, but in this section
32Jxx Compact analytic spaces {For Rie-
mann surfaces, see 14Hxx, 30Fxx; for
algebraic theory, see 14Jxx}
32J05 Compactification of analytic spaces
32J10 Algebraic dependence theorems
32J15 Compact surfaces
32J17 Compact 3-folds
32J18 Compact n-folds
32J20 (1991) Algebraicity criteria
now 32J99
32J25 Transcendental methods of algebraic ge-
ometry [See also 14C30]
32J27 Compact Kahler manifolds: generaliza-
tions, classification
32J81 Applications to physics
32J99 None of the above, but in this section
32Kxx Generalizations of analytic spaces
(should also be assigned at least
one other classification number
from Section 32 describing the
type of problem)
32K05 Banach analytic spaces [See also 58Bxx]
32K07 Formal and graded complex spaces [See
also 58C50]
32K10 (1980) Non-Archimedean analytic
spaces
now .....
32K15 Differentiable functions on analytic
spaces, differentiable spaces [See also
58C25]
32K99 None of the above, but in this section
32M15 Hermitian symmetric spaces, bounded
symmetric domains, Jordan algebras
[See also 22E10, 22E40, 53C35, 57T15]
32M17 Automorphism groups of Cn and affine
manifolds
32M25 Complex vector fields
32M99 None of the above, but in this section
32Nxx Automorphic functions [See also
11Fxx, 20H10, 22E40, 30F35]
32N05 General theory of automorphic func-
tions of several complex variables
32N10 Automorphic forms
32N15 Automorphic functions in symmetric
domains
32N99 None of the above, but in this section

32Pxx Non-Archimedean analysis (should

32Lxx Holomorphic fiber spaces [See also also be assigned at least one other
55Rxx] classification number from Section
32L05 Holomorphic bundles and generaliza- 32 describing the type of problem)
tions 32P05 Non-Archimedean complex analysis
32L07 (1991) Hermite-Einstein bundles; (should also be assigned at least one
Kaehler-Einstein metrics other classification number from Section
now 32Q20, 32Q25 32 describing the type of problem)
32L10 Sheaves and cohomology of sections of 32P99 None of the above, but in this section
holomorphic vector bundles, general re-
sults [See also 14F05, 18F20, 55N30]
32L15 Bundle convexity [See also 32F10]
32L20 Vanishing theorems 32Qxx Complex manifolds
32L25 Twistor theory, double fibrations [See 32Q05 Negative curvature manifolds
also 53C28] 32Q10 Positive curvature manifolds
32L30 (1991) Holomorphic foliations 32Q15 Kahler manifolds
now 32S65 32Q20 Kahler-Einstein manifolds [See also
32L81 Applications to physics 53Cxx]
32L99 None of the above, but in this section 32Q25 Calabi-Yau theory
32Q26 Notions of stability
32Q28 Stein manifolds
32Q30 Uniformization
32Mxx Complex spaces with a group of 32Q35 Complex manifolds as subdomains of
automorphisms Euclidean space
32M05 Complex Lie groups, automorphism 32Q40 Embedding theorems
groups acting on complex spaces [See 32Q45 Hyperbolic and Kobayashi hyperbolic
also 22E10] manifolds
32M10 Homogeneous complex manifolds [See 32Q55 Topological aspects of complex mani-
also 14M17, 57T15] folds
32M12 Almost homogeneous manifolds and 32Q57 Classification theorems
spaces [See also 14M17] 32Q60 Almost complex manifolds

58
32Q65 Pseudoholomorphic curves
32Q99 None of the above, but in this section
32Sxx Singularities [See also 58Kxx]
32S05 Local singularities [See also 14J17]
32S10 Invariants of analytic local rings
32S15 Equisingularity (topological and ana-
lytic) [See also 14E15]
32S20 Global theory of singularities; cohomo-
logical properties [See also 14E15]
32S22 Relations with arrangements of hyper-
planes [See also 52C30]
32S25 Surface and hypersurface singularities
[See also 14J17]
32S30 Deformations of singularities; vanishing
cycles [See also 14B07]
32S35 Mixed Hodge theory of singular varieties
[See also 14C30, 14D07]
32S40 Monodromy; relations with differential
equations and D-modules
32S45 Modifications; resolution of singularities
[See also 14E15]
32S50 Topological aspects: Lefschetz theo-
rems, topological classification, invari-
ants
32S55 Milnor fibration; relations with knot
theory [See also 57M25, 57Q45]
32S60 Stratifications; constructible sheaves;
intersection cohomology [See also
58Kxx]
32S65 Singularities of holomorphic vector
fields and foliations
32S70 Other operations on singularities
32S99 None of the above, but in this section
32Txx Pseudoconvex domains
32T05 Domains of holomorphy
32T15 Strongly pseudoconvex domains
32T20 Worm domains
32T25 Finite type domains
32T27 Geometric and analytic invariants on
weakly pseudoconvex boundaries
32T35 Exhaustion functions
32T40 Peak functions
32T99 None of the above, but in this section
32Uxx Pluripotential theory
59
32U05 Plurisubharmonic functions and gener-
alizations [See also 31C10]
32U10 Plurisubharmonic exhaustion functions
32U15 General pluripotential theory
32U20 Capacity theory and generalizations
32U25 Lelong numbers
32U30 Removable sets
32U35 Pluricomplex Green functions
32U40 Currents
32U99 None of the above, but in this section
32Vxx CR Manifolds
32V05 CR structures, CR operators, and gen-
eralizations
32V10 CR functions
32V15 CR manifolds as boundaries of domains
32V20 Analysis on CR manifolds
32V25 Extension of functions and other ana-
lytic objects from CR manifolds
32V30 Embeddings of CR manifolds
32V35 Finite type conditions on CR manifolds
32V40 Real submanifolds in complex manifolds
32V99 None of the above, but in this section
32Wxx Differential operators in several
variables [See also 32Wxx]
32W05 and -Neumann operators
32W10 b and b -Neumann operators
32W20 Complex Monge-Amp`ere operators
32W25 Pseudodifferential operators in several
complex variables
32W30 Heat kernels in several complex vari-
ables
32W50 Other partial differential equations of
complex analysis
32W99 None of the above, but in this section
33-XX Special functions {For orthogonal
functions, see 42Cxx; for aspects of
combinatorics see 05Axx; for number-
theoretic aspects see 11-XX; for repre-
sentation theory see 22Exx}
33-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
33-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- 33Bxx Elementary classical functions
torial papers, etc.) 33B10 Exponential and trigonometric func-
33-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- tions
vey articles) 33B15 Gamma, beta and polygamma functions
33-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least 33B20 Incomplete beta and gamma functions
one classification number from Section (error functions, probability integral,
01) Fresnel integrals)
33-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- 33B30 Higher logarithm functions
grams (not the theory of computation or 33B99 None of the above, but in this section
programming)
33-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc. 33Cxx Hypergeometric functions
33A10 (1980) Exponential and trigonometric 33C05 Classical hypergeometric functions, 2 F1
functions 33C10 Bessel and Airy functions, cylinder func-
now 33B10 tions, 0 F1
33A15 (1980) Gamma and beta functions 33C15 Confluent hypergeometric functions,
now 33B15 Whittaker functions, 1 F1
33A20 (1980) Error function, probability inte- 33C20 Generalized hypergeometric series, p Fq
gral 33C45 Orthogonal polynomials and functions
now 33B20 of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, La-
33A25 (1980) Elliptic functions and integrals guerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.)
now 33E05 [See 42C05 for general orthogonal poly-
33A30 (1980) Simple hypergeometric functions nomials and functions]
of one and several variables 33C47 Other special orthogonal polynomials
now 33Dxx and functions
33A35 (1980) Generalized hypergeometric func- 33C50 Orthogonal polynomials and functions
tions of one and several variables in several variables expressible in terms
now ..... of special functions in one variable
33A40 (1980) Cylindrical funtions, Bessel func- 33C52 Orthogonal polynomials and functions
tions associated with root systems
now 33C10 33C55 Spherical harmonics
33A45 (1980) Spherical functions 33C60 Hypergeometric integrals and functions
now ..... defined by them (E, G and H functions)
33A50 (1980) Gegenbauer functions 33C65 Appell, Horn and Lauricella functions
now ..... 33C67 Hypergeometric functions associated
33A55 (1980) Lame, Mathieu spheroidal wave with root systems
functioons 33C70 Other hypergeometric functions and in-
now 33E10 tegrals in several variables
33A60 (1980) Other wave functions 33C75 Elliptic integrals as hypergeometric
now 33E15 functions
33A65 (1980) Orthogonal special functions and 33C80 Connections with groups and algebras,
polynomials and related topics
now 33C45, 33C47 33C90 Applications
33A70 (1980) Other special functions 33C99 None of the above, but in this section
now 33Exx
33A75 (1980) Special functions and Lie groups
now ..... 33Dxx Basic hypergeometric functions
33A99 (1980) Miscellaneous topics 33D05 q-gamma functions, q-beta functions
now ..... and integrals
33D10 (1991) Basic theta functions
now 33D15

60
33D15 Basic hypergeometric functions in one 33F10 Symbolic computation (Gosper and
variable, r s Zeilberger algorithms, etc.) [See also
33D20 (1991) Generalized basic hypergeometric 68W30]
series 33F99 None of the above, but in this section
now 33D99
33D45 Basic orthogonal polynomials and func-
tions (Askey-Wilson polynomials, etc.)
33D50 Orthogonal polynomials and functions 34-XX Ordinary differential equations
in several variables expressible in terms
of basic hypergeometric functions in one
34-00 General reference works (handbooks,
variable
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
33D52 Basic orthogonal polynomials and func-
34-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
tions associated with root systems
torial papers, etc.)
(Macdonald polynomials, etc.)
34-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
33D55 (1991) Basic spherical functions, spher-
vey articles)
ical harmonics
34-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
now 33D50, 33D52
one classification number from Section
33D60 Basic hypergeometric integrals and
01)
functions defined by them
34-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
33D65 Bibasic functions and multiple bases
grams (not the theory of computation or
33D67 Basic hypergeometric functions associ-
programming)
ated with root systems
34-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
33D70 Other basic hypergeometric functions
etc.
and integrals in several variables
33D80 Connections with quantum groups,
Chevalley groups, p-adic groups, Hecke
algebras, and related topics 34Axx General theory
33D90 Applications 34A05 Explicit solutions and reductions
33D99 None of the above, but in this section 34A07 Fuzzy differential equations
34A08 (1980) Equations not solved with respect
to the higher-order derivative, sigular
33Exx Other special functions solutions
33E05 Elliptic functions and integrals now .....
33E10 Lame, Mathieu, and spheroidal wave 34A08 Fractional differential equations
functions 34A09 Implicit equations, differential-algebraic
33E12 Mittag-Leffler functions and generaliza- equations [See also 65L80]
tions 34A10 (1980) Initial value problems; general
33E15 Other wave functions existence and uniqueness theorems
33E17 Painleve-type functions now 34A12
33E20 Other functions defined by series and in- 34A12 Initial value problems, existence,
tegrals uniqueness, continuous dependence and
33E30 Other functions coming from differen- continuation of solutions
tial, difference and integral equations 34A15 (1980) Initial value problems; continua-
33E50 Special functions in characteristic p tion of solutions
(gamma functions, etc.) now 34A12
33E99 None of the above, but in this section 34A20 (1991) Diffenrential equations in the
complex domain
now 32G34, 34Mxx
33Fxx Computational aspects 34A25 Analytical theory: series, transforma-
33F05 Numerical approximation [See also tions, transforms, operational calculus,
65D20] etc. [See also 44-XX]

61
34A26 Geometric methods in differential equa-
tions
34A30 Linear equations and systems, general
34A33 Lattice differential equations
34A34 Nonlinear equations and systems, gen-
eral
34A35 Differential equations of infinite order
34A36 Discontinuous equations
34A37 Differential equations with impulses
34A38 Hybrid systems
34A40 Differential inequalities [See also 26D20]
34A45 Theoretical approximation of solutions
{For numerical analysis, see 65Lxx}
34A46 (1991) Theoretical solotion methods
other than approximation
now 34A99
34A47 (1991) Bifurcation
now 34C23, 37Gxx
34A50 (1991) Numerical approximation of so-
lutions
now 37Mxx, 65Lxx, 65Pxx
34A55 Inverse problems
34A60 Differential inclusions [See also 49J21,
49K21]
34A65 (1991) Stiff equations
now 65L06
34A99 None of the above, but in this section
34Bxx Boundary value problems {For ordi-
nary differential operators, see 34Lxx}
34B05 Linear boundary value problems
34B07 Linear boundary value problems with
nonlinear dependence on the spectral
parameter
34B08 Multi-parameter boundary value prob-
lems
34B09 Boundary value problems with an indef-
inite weight
34B10 Multipoint boundary value problems
34B15 Nonlinear boundary value problems
34B16 Singular nonlinear boundary value prob-
lems
34B18 Positive solutions of nonlinear boundary
value problems
34B20 Weyl theory and its generalizations
34B24 Sturm-Liouville theory [See also 34Lxx]
34B25 (1980) Spectral theory, Sturm-Liouville,
and scattering theory; eigenfunctions,
eigenvalues, and expansions
now .....
62
34B27 Green functions
34B30 Special equations (Mathieu, Hill, Bessel,
etc.)
34B37 Boundary value problems with impulses
34B40 Boundary value problems on infinite in-
tervals
34B45 Boundary value problems on graphs and
networks
34B60 Applications
34B99 None of the above, but in this section
34Cxx Qualitative theory [See also 37-XX]
34C05 Location of integral curves, singular
points, limit cycles
34C07 Theory of limit cycles of polynomial and
analytic vector fields (existence, unique-
ness, bounds, Hilberts 16th problem
and ramifications)
34C08 Connections with real algebraic geome-
try (fewnomials, desingularization, zeros
of Abelian integrals, etc.)
34C10 Oscillation theory, zeros, disconjugacy
and comparison theory
34C11 Growth, boundedness, comparison of so-
lutions
34C12 Monotone systems
34C14 Symmetries, invariants
34C15 Nonlinear oscillations, coupled oscilla-
tors
34C20 Transformation and reduction of equa-
tions and systems, normal forms
34C23 Bifurcation [See mainly 37Gxx]
34C25 (1970) Periodic and almost periodic so-
lutions
now 34C25, 34C27
34C25 Periodic solutions
34C26 Relaxation oscillations
34C27 Almost periodic solutions
34C28 Complex behavior, chaotic systems [See
mainly 37Dxx]
34C29 Averaging method
34C30 Manifolds of solutions
34C35 (1991) Dynamical systems
now 37-XX, 54H20
34C37 Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions
34C40 Equations and systems on manifolds
34C41 Equivalence, asymptotic equivalence
34C45 Method of integral manifolds
34C46 Multifrequency systems
34C50 (1991) Method of accelerated conver-
gence 34Gxx Differential equations in abstract
now 34C99, 37J40 spaces [See also 34Lxx, 37Kxx, 47Dxx,
34C55 Hysteresis 47Hxx, 47Jxx, 58D25]
34C60 Applications 34G05 (1970) Differential equations in Banach
34C99 None of the above, but in this section and other abstract spaces
now 34Gxx
34G10 Linear equations [See also 47D06,
34Dxx Stability theory [See also 37C75, 47D09]
93Dxx] 34G20 Nonlinear equations [See also 47Hxx,
34D05 Asymptotic properties 47Jxx]
34D06 Synchronization 34G25 Evolution inclusions
34D08 Characteristic and Lyapunov exponents 34G99 None of the above, but in this section
34D09 Dichotomy, trichotomy
34D10 Perturbations
34D15 Singular perturbations 34Hxx Control problems [See also 49J15,
34D20 Lyapunov stability 49K15, 93C15]
34D23 Global stability 34H05 Control problems [See also 49J21,
34D25 (1991) Popov-type stability 49K21, 93C15]
now 34D99, 93D10 34H10 Chaos control
34D30 Structural stability and analogous con- 34H15 Stabilization
cepts [See also 37C20] 34H20 Bifurcation control
34D35 Stability of manifolds of solutions 34H99 None of the above, but in this section
34D40 (2000) Ultimate boundedness
now 34Cxx, 34D05, 34C11, 34K12
34D45 Attractors [See also 37C70, 37D45] 34Jxx (1970) Functional differential equa-
34D99 None of the above, but in this section tions
now 34Kxx
34J05 (1970) General theory
now 34K05
34Exx Asymptotic theory
34J10 (1970) Differential-difference equations
34E05 Asymptotic expansions
now 34Kxx
34E10 Perturbations, asymptotics
34J99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
34E13 Multiple scale methods
tion
34E15 Singular perturbations, general theory
now 34Kxx
34E17 Canard solutions
34E18 Methods of nonstandard analysis
34E20 Singular perturbations, turning point
theory, WKB methods 34Kxx Functional-differential and
34E99 None of the above, but in this section differential-difference equations
[See also 37-XX]
34K05 General theory
34K06 Linear functional-differential equations
34Fxx Equations and systems with ran- 34K07 Theoretical approximation of solutions
domness [See also 34K50, 60H10, 34K08 Spectral theory of functional-differential
93E03] operators
34F05 Equations and systems with randomness 34K09 Functional-differential inclusions
[See also 34K50, 60H10, 93E03] 34K10 Boundary value problems
34F10 Bifurcation 34K11 Oscillation theory
34F15 Resonance phenomena 34K12 Growth, boundedness, comparison of so-
34F99 None of the above, but in this section lutions

63
34K13 Periodic solutions
34K14 Almost periodic solutions
34K15 (1991) Qualitative theory
now 34K11, 34K12, 34K13, 34K14,
34K17, 34K18, 34K19, 34K23, 37Cxx,
37Gxx
34K17 Transformation and reduction of equa-
tions and systems, normal forms
34K18 Bifurcation theory
34K19 Invariant manifolds
34K20 Stability theory
34K21 Stationary solutions
34K23 Complex (chaotic) behavior of solutions
34K25 Asymptotic theory
34K26 Singular perturbations
34K27 Perturbations
34K28 Numerical approximation of solutions
34K29 Inverse problems
34K30 Equations in abstract spaces [See also
34Gxx, 47Dxx, 47Hxx]
34K31 Lattice functional-differential equations
34K32 Implicit equations
34K33 Averaging
34K34 Hybrid systems
34K35 Control problems [See also 49J21,
49K21, 93C15]
34K36 Fuzzy functional-differential equations
34K37 Functional-differential equations with
fractional derivatives
34K38 Functional-differential inequalities
34K40 Neutral equations
34K45 Equations with impulses
34K50 Stochastic delay equations [See also
34F05, 60Hxx]
34K60 Applications
34K99 None of the above, but in this section
34Lxx Ordinary differential operators [See
also 47E05]
34L05 General spectral theory
34L10 Eigenfunction expansions, completeness
of eigenfunctions
34L15 Estimation of eigenvalues, upper and
lower bounds
34L16 Numerical approximation of eigenvalues
and of other parts of the spectrum
34L20 Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues,
asymptotic theory of eigenfunctions
34L25 Scattering theory
64
34L30 Nonlinear ordinary differential opera-
tors
34L40 Particular operators (Dirac, one-
dimensional Schrodinger, etc.)
34L99 None of the above, but in this section
34Mxx Differential equations in the com-
plex domain [See also 30Dxx, 32G34]
34M03 Linear equations and systems
34M05 Entire and meromorphic solutions
34M10 Oscillation, growth of solutions
34M15 Algebraic aspects (differential-algebraic,
hypertranscendence, group-theoretical)
34M20 (2000) Nonanalytic aspects
now 34Mxx, 30Dxx, 37Fxx
34M25 Formal solutions, transform techniques
34M30 Asymptotics, summation methods
34M35 Singularities, monodromy, local behav-
ior of solutions, normal forms
34M37 (2000) Resurgence phenomena
now 34Mxx, 30Dxx, 37Fxx
34M40 Stokes phenomena and connection prob-
lems (linear and nonlinear)
34M45 Differential equations on complex man-
ifolds
34M50 Inverse problems (Riemann-Hilbert, in-
verse differential Galois, etc.)
34M55 Painleve and other special equations;
classification, hierarchies; isomon-
odromic deformations
34M56 Isomonodromic deformations
34M60 Singular perturbation problems in the
complex domain (complex WKB, turn-
ing points, steepest descent) [See also
34E20]
34M99 None of the above, but in the same sec-
tion
34Nxx Dynamic equations on time scales
or measure chains {For real analysis
on time scales see 26E70}
34N05 Dynamic equations on time scales or
measure chains {For real analysis on
time scales or measure chains, see
26E70}
34N99 None of the above, but in this section
 35A30 Geometric theory, characteristics, trans-
formations [See also 58J70, 58J72]
35-XX Partial differential equations
35A35 Theoretical approximation to solutions
{For numerical analysis, see 65Mxx,
35-00 General reference works (handbooks, 65Nxx}
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) 35A40 (1991) Numerical approximation to so-
35-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- lutions
torial papers, etc.) now 65Mxx, 65Nxx
35-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- 35A99 None of the above, but in this section
vey articles)
35-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section 35Bxx Qualitative properties of solutions
01) 35B05 General behavior of solutions of PDE
35-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- (comparison theorems; oscillation, zeros
grams (not the theory of computation or and growth of solutions; mean value the-
programming) orems)
35-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, 35B06 Symmetries, invariants, etc.
etc. 35B07 Axially symmetric solutions
35B08 Entire solutions
35B09 Positive solutions
35Axx General theory 35B10 Periodic solutions
35A01 Existence problems: global existence, 35B15 Almost periodic solutions
local existence, non-existence 35B20 Perturbations
35A02 Uniqueness problems: global unique- 35B25 Singular perturbations
ness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness 35B27 Homogenization; partial differential
35A05 (2000) General existence and uniqueness equations in media with periodic
theorems structure [See also 74Qxx, 76M50]
now 35A01, 35A02 35B30 Dependence of solutions of PDE on ini-
35A07 (2000) Local existence and uniqueness tial and boundary data, parameters [See
theorems also 37Cxx]
now 35A01, 35A02 35B32 Bifurcation [See also 37Gxx, 37K50]
35A08 Fundamental solutions 35B33 Critical exponents
35A09 Classical solutions 35B34 Resonances
35A10 Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorems 35B35 Stability, boundedness
35A15 Variational methods 35B35 (1970) Stability and control, bounded-
35A16 Topological and monotonicity methods ness
35A17 Parametrices now 35B35, 35Q93
35A18 Wave front sets 35B36 Pattern formation
35A20 Analytic methods, singularities 35B37 (2000) PDE in connection with control
35A21 Propagation of singularities problems
35A22 Transform methods (e.g. integral trans- now 35Q93
forms) 35B38 Critical points
35A23 Inequalities involving derivatives and 35B40 Asymptotic behavior of solutions
differential and integral operators, in- 35B41 Attractors
equalities for integrals 35B42 Inertial manifolds
35A24 Methods of ordinary differential equa- 35B44 Blow-up
tions 35B45 A priori estimates
35A25 Other special methods 35B50 Maximum principles
35A27 Microlocal methods; methods of sheaf 35B51 Comparison principles
theory and homological algebra in PDE 35B53 Liouville theorems, Phragmen-Lindel of
[See also 32C38, 58J15] theorems

65
35B60 Continuation and prolongation of solu- 35F15 Boundary value problems for linear first-
tions of PDE [See also 58A15, 58A17, order PDE
58Hxx] 35F16 Initial-boundary value problems for lin-
35B65 Smoothness and regularity of solutions ear first-order equations
of PDE 35F20 General theory of nonlinear first-order
35B99 None of the above, but in this section PDE
35F21 Hamilton-Jacobi equations
35F25 Initial value problems for nonlinear first-
order PDE, nonlinear evolution equa-
35Cxx Representations of solutions
tions
35C05 Solutions in closed form
35F30 Boundary value problems for nonlinear
35C06 Self-similar solutions
first-order PDE
35C07 Traveling wave solutions
35F31 Initial-boundary value problems for
35C08 Soliton solutions
nonlinear first-order equations
35C09 Trigonometric solutions
35F35 Linear first-order systems
35C10 Series solutions, expansion theorems
35F40 Initial value problems for linear first-
35C11 Polynomial solutions
order systems
35C15 Integral representations of solutions of
35F45 Boundary value problems for linear first-
PDE
order systems
35C20 Asymptotic expansions
35F46 Initial-boundary value problems for lin-
35C99 None of the above, but in this section
ear first-order systems
35F50 Nonlinear first-order systems
35F55 Initial value problems for nonlinear first-
35Dxx Generalized solutions of partial order systems
differential equations 35F60 Boundary value problems for nonlinear
35D05 (2000) Existence of generalized solutions first-order systems
now 35Dxx 35F61 Initial-boundary value problems for
35D10 (2000) Regularity of generalized solu- nonlinear first-order systems
tions 35F99 None of the above, but in this section
now 35Dxx
35D30 Weak solutions
35D35 Strong solutions 35Gxx General higher-order equations
35D40 Viscosity solutions and systems
35D99 None of the above, but in this section 35G05 General theory of linear higher-order
PDE
35G10 Initial value problems for linear higher-
order PDE, linear evolution equations
35Exx Equations and systems with con-
35G15 Boundary value problems for linear
stant coefficients [See also 35N05]
higher-order PDE
35E05 Fundamental solutions
35G16 Initial-boundary value problems for lin-
35E10 Convexity properties
ear higher-order equations
35E15 Initial value problems
35G20 General theory of nonlinear higher-order
35E20 General theory
PDE
35E99 None of the above, but in this section
35G25 Initial value problems for nonlinear
higher-order PDE, nonlinear evolution
equations
35Fxx General first-order equations and 35G30 Boundary value problems for nonlinear
systems higher-order PDE
35F05 General theory of linear first-order PDE 35G31 Initial-boundary value problems for
35F10 Initial value problems for linear first- nonlinear higher-order equations
order PDE, linear evolution equations 35G35 Linear higher-order systems

66
35G40 Initial value problems for linear higher- 35J47 Second-order elliptic systems
order systems 35J48 Higher-order elliptic systems
35G45 Boundary value problems for linear 35J50 Variational methods for elliptic systems
higher-order systems 35J55 (2000) Boundary value problems for el-
35G46 Initial-boundary value problems for lin- liptic systems
ear higher-order systems now 35J56, 35J57, 35J58
35G50 Nonlinear higher-order systems 35J56 Boundary value problems for first-order
35G55 Initial value problems for nonlinear elliptic systems
higher-order systems 35J57 Boundary value problems for second-
35G60 Boundary value problems for nonlinear order elliptic systems
higher-order systems 35J58 Boundary value problems for higher-
35G61 Initial-boundary value problems for order elliptic systems
nonlinear higher-order systems 35J60 Nonlinear PDE of elliptic type
35G99 None of the above, but in this section 35J61 Semilinear elliptic equations
35J62 Quasilinear elliptic equations
35J65 Nonlinear boundary value problems for
linear elliptic PDE; boundary value
35Hxx Close-to-elliptic equations
problems for nonlinear elliptic PDE
35H05 (1991) Hypoelliptic equations and sys-
35J66 Nonlinear boundary value problems for
tems
nonlinear elliptic equations
now 35Hxx
35J67 Boundary values of solutions to elliptic
35H10 Hypoelliptic equations
PDE
35H20 Subelliptic equations
35J70 Elliptic partial differential equations of
35H30 Quasi-elliptic equations
degenerate type
35H99 None of the above, but in this section
35J75 Singular elliptic equations
35J85 (2000) Unilateral problems and varia-
tional inequalities for elliptic PDE
35Jxx Partial differential equations of el- now 35J86, 35J87
liptic type [See also 58Jxx, 58J10, 35J86 Linear elliptic unilateral problems and
58J20] linear elliptic variational inequalities
35J05 Laplace equation, reduced wave equa- [See also 35R35, 49J40]
tion (Helmholtz), Poisson equation [See 35J87 Nonlinear elliptic unilateral problems
also 31Axx, 31Bxx] and nonlinear elliptic variational in-
35J08 Greens functions equalities [See also 35R35, 49J40]
35J10 Schrodinger operator [See also 35Pxx] 35J88 Systems of elliptic variational inequali-
35J15 General theory of second-order, elliptic ties [See also 35R35, 49J40]
equations 35J91 Semilinear elliptic equations with Lapla-
35J20 Variational methods for second-order, cian, bi-Laplacian or poly-Laplacian
elliptic equations 35J92 Quasilinear elliptic equations with p-
35J25 Boundary value problems for second- Laplacian
order, elliptic equations 35J93 Quasilinear elliptic equations with mean
35J30 General theory of higher-order, elliptic curvature operator
equations [See also 31A30, 31B30] 35J96 Elliptic Monge-Amp`ere equations
35J35 Variational methods for higher-order, el- 35J99 None of the above, but in this section
liptic equations
35J40 Boundary value problems for higher-
order, elliptic equations 35Kxx Parabolic equations and systems
35J45 (2000) General theory of elliptic systems [See also 35Bxx, 35Dxx, 35R30, 35R35,
of PDE 58J35]
now 35J46, 35J47, 35J48 35K05 Heat equation
35J46 First-order elliptic systems 35K08 Heat kernel

67
35K10 General theory of second-order,
parabolic equations
35K15 Initial value problems for second-order,
parabolic equations
35K20 Boundary value problems for second-
order, parabolic equations
35K22 (1991) Evolution equations
now 35K90, 35K99
35K25 General theory of higher-order,
parabolic equations
35K30 Initial value problems for higher-order,
parabolic equations
35K35 Boundary value problems for higher-
order, parabolic equations
35K40 General theory of parabolic systems of
PDE
35K41 Higher-order parabolic systems
35K45 Initial value problems for parabolic sys-
tems
35K46 Initial value problems for higher-order
parabolic systems
35K50 (2000) Boundary value problems for
parabolic systems
now 35K51, 35K52
35K51 Initial-boundary value problems for
second-order parabolic systems
35K52 Initial-boundary value problems for
higher-order parabolic systems
35K55 Nonlinear PDE of parabolic type
35K57 Reaction-diffusion equations
35K58 Semilinear parabolic equations
35K59 Quasilinear parabolic equations
35K60 Nonlinear boundary value problems for
linear parabolic PDE; boundary value
problems for nonlinear parabolic PDE
35K61 Nonlinear initial-boundary value prob-
lems for nonlinear parabolic equations
35K65 Parabolic partial differential equations
of degenerate type
35K67 Singular parabolic equations
35K70 Ultraparabolic, pseudoparabolic PDE,
etc.
35K85 Unilateral problems and variational in-
equalities for parabolic PDE [See also
35R35, 49J40]
35K86 Nonlinear parabolic unilateral problems
and nonlinear parabolic variational in-
equalities [See also 35R35, 49J40]
35K87 Systems of parabolic variational in-
equalities [See also 35R35, 49J40]
35K90 Abstract parabolic evolution equations
68
35K91 Semilinear parabolic equations with
Laplacian, bi-Laplacian or poly-
Laplacian
35K92 Quasilinear parabolic equations with p-
Laplacian
35K93 Quasilinear parabolic equations with
mean curvature operator
35K96 Parabolic Monge-Amp`ere equations
35K99 None of the above, but in this section
35Lxx Partial differential equations of hy-
perbolic type [See also 58J45]
35L02 First-order hyperbolic equations
35L03 Initial value problems for first-order hy-
perbolic equations
35L04 Initial-boundary value problems for
first-order hyperbolic equations
35L05 Wave equation
35L10 General theory of second-order, hyper-
bolic equations
35L15 Initial value problems for second-order,
hyperbolic equations
35L20 Boundary value problems for second-
order, hyperbolic equations
35L25 General theory of higher-order, hyper-
bolic equations
35L30 Initial value problems for higher-order,
hyperbolic equations
35L35 Boundary value problems for higher-
order, hyperbolic equations
35L40 General theory of hyperbolic systems of
first-order PDE
35L45 Initial value problems for hyperbolic
systems of first-order PDE
35L50 Boundary value problems for hyperbolic
systems of first-order PDE
35L51 Second-order hyperbolic systems
35L52 Initial value problems for second-order
hyperbolic systems
35L53 Initial-boundary value problems for
second-order hyperbolic systems
35L55 Hyperbolic systems of higher-order PDE
35L56 Initial value problems for higher-order
hyperbolic systems
35L57 Initial-boundary value problems for
higher-order hyperbolic systems
35L60 Nonlinear first-order PDE of hyperbolic
type
35L65 Conservation laws
35L67 Shocks and singularities [See also 35M32 Boundary value problems for systems of
58Kxx, 76L05] mixed type
35L70 Nonlinear second-order hyperbolic equa- 35M33 Initial-boundary value problems for sys-
tions tems of mixed type
35L71 Semilinear second-order hyperbolic 35M85 Linear unilateral problems and varia-
equations tional inequalities of mixed type [See
35L72 Quasilinear second-order hyperbolic also 35R35, 49J40]
equations 35M86 Nonlinear unilateral problems and non-
35L75 Nonlinear higher-order hyperbolic equa- linear variational inequalities of mixed
tions type [See also 35R35, 49J40]
35L76 Semilinear higher-order hyperbolic 35M87 Systems of variational inequalities of
equations mixed type [See also 35R35, 49J40]
35L77 Quasilinear higher-order hyperbolic 35M99 None of the above, but in this section
equations
35L80 Hyperbolic PDE of degenerate type
35L81 Singular hyperbolic equations
35L82 Pseudohyperbolic equations 35Nxx Overdetermined systems [See also
35L85 Unilateral problems; variational in- 58Hxx, 58Jxx, 58J10, 58J15]
equalities for hyperbolic PDE [See also 35N05 Overdetermined systems with constant
35R35, 49J40] coefficients
35L86 Nonlinear hyperbolic unilateral prob- 35N10 Overdetermined systems with variable
lems and nonlinear hyperbolic vari- coefficients (general)
ational inequalities [See also 35R35, 35N15 -Neumann problem and generaliza-
49J40] tions; formal complexes [See also
35L87 Unilateral problems and variational in- 32W05, 32W10, 58J10]
equalities for hyperbolic systems [See 35N20 Overdetermined initial value problems
also 35R35, 49J40] 35N25 Overdetermined boundary value prob-
35L90 Abstract hyperbolic evolution equations lems
35L99 None of the above, but in this section 35N30 Overdetermined initial-boundary value
problems
35N99 None of the above, but in this section

35Mxx Partial differential equations of

special type (mixed, composite,
etc.) {For degenerate types, see 35J70,
35K65, 35L80}
35M05 (1980) Equations and systems of mixed
or composite type
now 35Mxx
35M10 PDE of mixed type
35M11 Initial value problems for equations of
mixed type
35M12 Boundary value problems for equations
of mixed type
35M13 Initial-boundary value problems for
equations of mixed type
35M20 (2000) PDE of composite type
now 35M10
35M30 Systems of mixed type
35M31 Initial value problems for systems of
mixed type
35Pxx Spectral theory and eigenvalue
problems for partial differential op-
erators [See also 47Axx, 47Bxx, 47F05]
35P05 General spectral theory of PDE
35P10 Completeness of eigenfunctions, eigen-
function expansions for PDO
35P15 Estimation of eigenvalues, upper and
lower bounds
35P20 Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues
and eigenfunctions for PDO
35P25 Scattering theory for PDE [See also
47A40]
35P30 Nonlinear eigenvalue problems, nonlin-
ear spectral theory for PDO
35P99 None of the above, but in this section

69
35Qxx Equations of mathematical
physics and other areas of ap-
plication [See also 35J05, 35J10,
35K05, 35L05]
35Q05 Euler-Poisson-Darboux equation and
generalizations
35Q10 (1980) Stokes and Navier-Stokes equa-
tions
now 35Q30
35Q15 Riemann-Hilbert problems [See also
30E25, 31A25, 31B20]
35Q20 (1980) Particular equations of math-
ematical physics (Korteweg-de Vries,
Burgers, etc.)
now 35Q53
35Q20 Boltzmann equations
35Q30 Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations [See
also 76D05, 76D07, 76N10]
35Q31 Euler equations [See also 76D05, 76D07,
76N10]
35Q35 Other equations arising in fluid mechan-
ics
35Q40 Equations from quantum mechanics
35Q41 Time-dependent Schrodinger equations,
Dirac equations
35Q51 Solitons [See also 37K40]
35Q53 KdV-like equations (Korteweg-de Vries,
Burgers, sine-Gordon, sinh-Gordon,
etc.) [See also 37K10]
35Q55 NLS-like (nonlinear Schrodinger) equa-
tions [See also 37K10]
35Q56 Ginzburg-Landau equations
35Q58 (2000) Other completely integrable equa-
tions
now 35C05
35Q60 Equations of electromagnetic theory and
optics
35Q61 Maxwell equations
35Q62 PDEs in connection with statistics
35Q68 PDEs in connection with computer sci-
ence
35Q70 PDEs in connection with mechanics of
particles and systems
35Q72 (2000) Other equations from mechanics
now 35Q70, 35Q74
35Q74 PDEs in connection with mechanics of
deformable solids
35Q75 PDE in relativity
35Q76 Einstein equations
35Q79 PDEs in connection with classical ther-
modynamics and heat transfer
70
35Q80 (2000) Applications of PDE in areas
other than physics
now 35Q99
35Q82 PDEs in connection with statistical me-
chanics
35Q83 Vlasov-like equations
35Q84 Fokker-Planck equations
35Q85 PDEs in connection with astronomy and
astrophysics
35Q86 PDEs in connection with geophysics
35Q90 PDEs in connection with mathematical
programming
35Q91 PDEs in connection with game theory,
economics, social and behavioral sci-
ences
35Q92 PDEs in connection with biology and
other natural sciences
35Q93 PDEs in connection with control and op-
timization
35Q94 PDEs in connection with information
and communication
35Q99 None of the above, but in this section
35Rxx Miscellaneous topics involving
partial differential equations {For
equations on manifolds, see 58Jxx; for
manifolds of solutions, see 58Bxx; for
stochastic PDEs, see also 60H15}
35R01 Partial differential equations on mani-
folds [See also 32Wxx, 53Cxx, 58Jxx]
35R02 Partial differential equations on graphs
and networks (ramified or polygonal
spaces)
35R03 Partial differential equations on Heisen-
berg groups, Lie groups, Carnot groups,
etc.
35R05 PDE with discontinuous coefficients or
data
35R06 Partial differential equations with mea-
sure
35R09 Integro-partial differential equations
[See also 45Kxx]
35R10 Partial functional-differential or
differential-difference equations, with or
without deviating arguments
35R11 Fractional partial differential equations
35R12 Impulsive partial differential equations
35R13 Fuzzy partial differential equations
35R15 Partial differential equations on infinite-
dimensional (e.g. function) spaces
 (=PDE in infinitely many variables)
[See also 46Gxx, 58D25]
35R20 Partial operator-differential equations
(i.e. PDE on finite-dimensional spaces
for abstract space valued functions)
[See also 34Gxx, 47A50, 47D03, 47D06,
47D09, 47H20, 47Jxx]
35R25 Improperly posed problems for PDE
35R30 Inverse problems (undetermined coeffi-
cients, etc.) for PDE
35R35 Free boundary problems for PDE
35R37 Moving boundary problems
35R45 Partial differential inequalities
35R50 Partial differential equations of infinite
order
35R60 Partial differential equations with ran-
domness [See also 60H15]
35R70 PDE with multivalued right-hand sides
35R99 None of the above, but in this section
35Sxx Pseudodifferential operators and
other generalizations of partial dif-
ferential operators [See also 47G30,
58J40]
35S05 General theory of PsDO
35S10 Initial value problems for PsDO
35S11 Initial-boundary value problems for
pseudodifferential operators
35S15 Boundary value problems for PsDO
35S30 Fourier integral operators
35S35 Topological aspects: intersection coho-
mology, stratified sets, etc. [See also
32C38, 32S40, 32S60, 58J15]
35S50 Paradifferential operators
35S99 None of the above, but in this section
37-XX Dynamical systems and ergodic
theory [See also 26A18, 28Dxx, 34Cxx,
34Dxx, 35Bxx, 46Lxx, 58Jxx, 70-XX]
37-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
37-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
37-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
71
37-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
37-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
37-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
37Axx Ergodic theory [See also 28Dxx]
37A05 Measure-preserving transformations
37A10 One-parameter continuous families of
measure-preserving transformations
37A15 General groups of measure-preserving
transformation [See mainly 22Fxx]
37A17 Homogeneous flows [See also 22Fxx]
37A20 Orbit equivalence, cocycles, ergodic
equivalence relations
37A25 Ergodicity, mixing, rates of mixing
37A30 Ergodic theorems, spectral theory,
Markov operators {For operator ergodic
theory, see mainly 47A35}
37A35 Entropy and other invariants, isomor-
phism, classification
37A40 Nonsingular (and infinite-measure pre-
serving) transformations
37A45 Relations with number theory and har-
monic analysis [See also 11Kxx]
37A50 Relations with probability theory and
stochastic processes [See also 60Fxx and
60G10]
37A55 Relations with the theory of C -algebras
[See mainly 46L55]
37A60 Dynamical systems in statistical me-
chanics [See also 82Cxx]
37A99 None of the above, but in this section
37Bxx Topological dynamics [See also
54H20]
37B05 Transformations and group actions with
special properties (minimality, distality,
proximality, etc.)
37B10 Symbolic dynamics [See also 37Cxx,
37Dxx]
37B15 Cellular automata
37B20 Notions of recurrence
37B25 Lyapunov functions and stability; atr-
ractors, repellers
37B30 Index theory, Morse-Conley indices
37B35 Gradient-like and recurrent behavior;
isolated (locally-maximal) invariant sets
37B40 Topological entropy
37B45 Continua theory in dynamics
37B50 Multi-dimensional shifts of finite type,
tiling dynamics
37B55 Nonautonomous dynamical systems
37B99 None of the above, but in this section
37Cxx Smooth dynamical systems: gen-
eral theory [See also 34Cxx, 34Dxx]
37C05 Smooth mappings and diffeomorphisms
37C10 Vector fields, flows, ordinary differential
equations
37C15 Topological and differentiable equiva-
lence, conjugacy, invariants, moduli,
classification
37C20 Generic properties, structural stability
37C25 Fixed points, periodic points, fixed-
point index theory
37C27 Periodic orbits of vector fields and flows
37C29 Homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits
37C30 Zeta functions, (Ruelle-Frobenius)
transfer operators, and other func-
tional analytic techniques in dynamical
systems
37C35 Orbit growth
37C40 Smooth ergodic theory, invariant mea-
sures [See also 37Dxx]
37C45 Dimension theory of dynamical systems
37C50 Approximate trajectories (pseudotrajec-
tories, shadowing, etc.)
37C55 Periodic and quasiperiodic flows and dif-
feomorphisms
37C60 Nonautonomous smooth dynamical sys-
tems [See also 37B55]
37C65 Monotone flows
37C70 Attractors and repellers, topological
structure
37C75 Stability theory
37C80 Symmetries, equivariant dynamical sys-
tems
37C85 Dynamics of group actions other than Z
and R, and foliations [See mainly 22Fxx,
and also 57R30, 57Sxx]
37C99 None of the above, but in this section
72
37Dxx Dynamical systems with hyper-
bolic behavior
37D05 Hyperbolic orbits and sets
37D10 Invariant manifold theory
37D15 Morse-Smale systems
37D20 Uniformly hyperbolic systems (expand-
ing, Anosov, Axiom A, etc.)
37D25 Nonuniformly hyperbolic systems (Lya-
punov exponents, Pesin theory, etc.)
37D30 Partially hyperbolic systems and domi-
nated splittings
37D35 Thermodynamic formalism, variational
principles, equilibrium states
37D40 Dynamical systems of geometric origin
and hyperbolicity (geodesic and horocy-
cle flows, etc.)
37D45 Strange attractors, chaotic dynamics
37D50 Hyperbolic systems with singularities
(billiards, etc.)
37D99 None of the above, but in this section
37Exx Low-dimensional dynamical sys-
tems
37E05 Maps of the interval (piecewise continu-
ous, continuous, smooth)
37E10 Maps of the circle
37E15 Combinatorial dynamics (types of peri-
odic orbits)
37E20 Universality, renormalization [See also
37F25]
37E25 Maps of trees and graphs
37E30 Homeomorphisms and diffeomorphisms
of planes and surfaces
37E35 Flows on surfaces
37E40 Twist maps
37E45 Rotation numbers and vectors
37E99 None of the above, but in this section
37Fxx Complex dynamical systems [See
also 30D05, 32Hxx]
37F05 Relations and correspondences
37F10 Polynomials; rational maps; entire and
meromorphic functions [See also 32A10,
32A20, 32H02, 32H04]
37F15 Expanding maps; hyperbolicity; struc-
tural stability
37F20 Combinatorics and topology
37F25 Renormalization
37F30 Quasiconformal methods and Te-
ichmuller theory; Fuchsian and Kleinian
groups as dynamical systems
37F35 Conformal densities and Hausdorff di-
mension
37F40 Geometric limits
37F45 Holomorphic families of dynamical sys-
tems; the Mandelbrot set; bifurcations
37F50 Small divisors, rotation domains and lin-
earization; Fatou and Julia sets
37F75 Holomorphic foliations and vector fields
[See also 32M25, 32S65, 34Mxx]
37F99 None of the above, but in this section
37Gxx Local and nonlocal bifurcation
theory [See also 34Cxx]
37G05 Normal forms
37G10 Bifurcations of singular points
37G15 Bifurcations of limit cycles and periodic
orbits
37G20 Hyperbolic singular points with homo-
clinic trajectories
37G25 Bifurcations connected with non-
transversal intersection
37G30 Infinite nonwandering sets arising in bi-
furcations
37G35 Attractors and their bifurcations
37G40 Symmetries, equivariant bifurcation
theory
37G99 None of the above, but in this section
37Hxx Random dynamical systems [See
also 15B52, 34D08, 34F05, 47B80,
70L05, 82C05, 93Exx]
37H05 Foundations, general theory of cocy-
cles, algebraic ergodic theory [See also
37Axx]
37H10 Generation, random and stochastic dif-
ference and differential equations [See
also 34F05, 34K50, 60H10, 60H15]
37H15 Multiplicative ergodic theory, Lyapunov
exponents [See also 34D08, 37Axx,
37Cxx, 37Dxx]
37H20 Bifurcation theory [See also 37Gxx]
37H99 None of the above, but in this section
73
37Jxx Finite-dimensional Hamiltonian,
Lagrangian, contact, and non-
holonomic systems [See also 53Dxx,
70Fxx, 70Hxx]
37J05 General theory, relations with symplec-
tic geometry and topology
37J10 Symplectic mappings, fixed points
37J15 Symmetries, invariants, invariant mani-
folds, momentum maps, reduction [See
also 53D20]
37J20 Bifurcation problems
37J25 Stability problems
37J30 Obstructions to integrability (noninte-
grability criteria)
37J35 Completely integrable systems, topolog-
ical structure of phase space, integration
methods
37J40 Perturbations, normal forms, small divi-
sors, KAM theory, Arnold diffusion
37J45 Periodic, homoclinic and heteroclinic
orbits; variational methods, degree-
theoretic methods
37J50 Action-minimizing orbits and measures
37J55 Contact systems [See also 53D10]
37J60 Nonholonomic dynamical systems [See
also 70F25]
37J99 None of the above, but in this section
37Kxx Infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian
systems [See also 35Axx, 35Qxx]
37K05 Hamiltonian structures, symmetries,
variational principles, conservation laws
37K10 Completely integrable systems, integra-
bility tests, bi-Hamiltonian structures,
hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.)
37K15 Integration of completely integrable sys-
tems by inverse spectral and scattering
methods
37K20 Relations with algebraic geometry, com-
plex analysis, special functions [See also
14H70]
37K25 Relations with differential geometry
37K30 Relations with infinite-dimensional Lie
algebras and other algebraic structures
37K35 Lie-Backlund and other transformations
37K40 Soliton theory, asymptotic behavior of
solutions
37K45 Stability problems
37K50 Bifurcation problems
37K55 Perturbations, KAM for infinite-
dimensional systems
37K60 Lattice dynamics [See also 37L60]
37K65 Hamiltonian systems on groups of dif-
feomorphisms and on manifolds of map-
pings and metrics
37K99 None of the above, but in this section
37Lxx Infinite-dimensional dissipative
dynamical systems [See also 35Bxx,
35Qxx]
37L05 General theory, nonlinear semigroups,
evolution equations
37L10 Normal forms, center manifold theory,
bifurcation theory
37L15 Stability problems
37L20 Symmetries
37L25 Inertial manifolds and other invariant
attracting sets
37L30 Attractors and their dimensions, Lya-
punov exponents
37L40 Invariant measures
37L45 Hyperbolicity; Lyapunov functions
37L50 Noncompact semigroups; dispersive
equations; perturbations of Hamilto-
nian systems
37L55 Infinite-dimensional random dynamical
systems; stochastic equations [See also
35R60, 60H10, 60H15]
37L60 Lattice dynamics [See also 37K60]
37L60 Approximation methods (nonlinear
Galerkin, etc.)
37L99 None of the above, but in this section
37Mxx Approximation methods and nu-
merical treatment of dynamical
systems [See also 65Pxx]
37M05 Simulation
37M10 Time series analysis
37M15 Symplectic integrators
37M20 Computational methods for bifurcation
problems
37M25 Computational methods for ergodic the-
ory (approximation of invariant mea-
sures, computation of Lyapunov expo-
nents, entropy)
37M99 None of the above, but in this section
74
37Nxx Applications
37N05 Dynamical systems in classical and ce-
lestial mechanics [See mainly 70Fxx,
70Hxx, 70Kxx]
37N10 Dynamical systems in fluid mechan-
ics, oceanography and meteorology [See
mainly 76-XX, especially 76D05, 76F20,
86A05, 86A10]
37N15 Dynamical systems in solid mechanics
[See mainly 74Hxx]
37N20 Dynamical systems in other branches
of physics (quantum mechanics, general
relativity, laser physics)
37N25 Dynamical systems in biology [See
mainly 92-XX, but also 91-XX]
37N30 Dynamical systems in numerical analy-
sis
37N35 Dynamical systems in control
37N40 Dynamical systems in optimization and
economics
37N99 None of the above, but in this section
37Pxx Arithmetic and non-Archimedean
dynamical systems [See also 11S82,
37A45]
37P05 Polynomial and rational maps
37P10 Analytic and meromorphic maps
37P15 Global ground fields
37P20 Non-Archimedean local ground fields
37P25 Finite ground fields
37P30 Height functions; Green functions; in-
variant measures [See also 11G50,
14G40]
37P35 Arithmetic properties of periodic points
37P40 Non-Archimedean Fatou and Julia sets
37P45 Families and moduli spaces
37P50 Dynamical systems on Berkovich spaces
37P55 Arithmetic dynamics on general alge-
braic varieties
37P99 None of the above, but in this section
39-XX Difference and functional equa-
tions
39-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
39-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
39-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- now .....
vey articles) 39A45 Equations in the complex domain
39-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least 39A50 Stochastic difference equations
one classification number from Section 39A60 Applications
01) 39A70 Difference operators [See also 47B39]
39-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- 39A99 None of the above, but in this section
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
39-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc. 39Bxx Functional equations and inequali-
ties [See also 30D05]
39B05 General
39Axx Difference equations {For dynamical 39B10 (1980) Equations containing iterates,
systems, see 37-XX} equations of rank one
39A05 General now .....
39A06 Linear equations 39B12 Iteration theory, iterative and composite
39A10 Difference equations, additive equations [See also 26A18, 30D05, 37-
39A10 (1970) Difference equations XX]
now 39Axx 39B20 (1980) Equations for one unknown func-
39A11 (2000) Stability and asymptotics of dif- tion of one variable, rank greater than
ference equations; oscillatory and peri- one
odic solutions, etc. now .....
now 39Axx 39B22 Equations for real functions [See also
39A12 Discrete version of topics in analysis 26A51, 26B25]
39A13 Difference equations, scaling (q- 39B30 (1980) Equations for several unknown
differences) [See also 33Dxx] functions of one variable, systems
39A14 Partial difference equations now .....
39A15 (1970) Functional equations, general 39B32 Equations for complex functions [See
now 39B05 also 30D05]
39A20 (1970) Classical functional equations 39B40 (1980) Equations for functions of several
now ..... variables
39A20 Multiplicative and other generalized dif- now .....
ference equations, e.g. of Lyness type 39B42 Matrix and operator equations [See also
39A21 Oscillation theory 47Jxx]
39A22 Growth, boundedness, comparison of so- 39B50 (1980) Functional equations on algebraic
lutions structures
39A23 Periodic solutions now .....
39A24 Almost periodic solutions 39B52 Equations for functions with more gen-
39A25 (1970) Linear and multilinear functional eral domains and/or ranges
equations 39B55 Orthogonal additivity and other condi-
now ..... tional equations
39A28 Bifurcation theory 39B60 (1980) Matrix functional equations
39A30 (1970) Functional equations in several now .....
variables, systems 39B62 Functional inequalities, including sub-
now ..... additivity, convexity, etc. [See also
39A30 Stability theory 26A51, 26B25, 26Dxx]
39A33 Complex (chaotic) behavior of solutions 39B70 (1980) Functional equations on abstract
39A35 (1970) Matrix functional equations spaces or structures
now ..... now .....
39A40 (1970) Functional equations on abstract 39B72 Systems of functional equations and in-
structures equalities

75
39B82 Stability, separation, extension, and re- 40B05 Multiple sequences and series {(should
lated topics [See also 46A22] also be assigned at least one other clas-
39B99 None of the above, but in this section sification number in this section)}
40B99 None of the above, but in this section

39C05 (1980) Functional inequalities

now 39Bxx 40Cxx General summability methods
40C05 Matrix methods
40C10 Integral methods
40C15 Function-theoretic methods (including
40-XX Sequences, series, summability power series methods and semicontinu-
ous methods)
40-00 General reference works (handbooks, 40C99 None of the above, but in this section
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
40-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.) 40Dxx Direct theorems on summability
40-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- 40D05 General theorems
vey articles) 40D09 Structure of summability fields
40-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least 40D10 Tauberian constants and oscillation lim-
one classification number from Section its
01) 40D15 Convergence factors and summability
40-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- factors
grams (not the theory of computation or 40D20 Summability and bounded fields of
programming) methods
40-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, 40D25 Inclusion and equivalence theorems
etc. 40D99 None of the above, but in this section

40Axx Convergence and divergence of in- 40Exx Inversion theorems

finite limiting processes
40A05 Convergence and divergence of series
and sequences
40A10 Convergence and divergence of integrals
40A15 Convergence and divergence of contin-
ued fractions [See also 30B70]
40A20 Convergence and divergence of infinite
products
40A25 Approximation to limiting values (sum-
mation of series, etc.) {For the
Euler-Maclaurin summation formula,
see 65B15}
40A30 Convergence and divergence of series
and sequences of functions
40A35 Ideal and statistical convergence [See
also 40G15]
40A99 None of the above, but in this section
40Bxx Multiple sequences and series
40E05 Tauberian theorems, general
40E10 Growth estimates
40E15 Lacunary inversion theorems
40E20 Tauberian constants
40E99 None of the above, but in this section
40Fxx Absolute and strong summability
(should also be assigned at least
one other classification number in
Section 40)
40F05 Absolute and strong summability
40F99 None of the above, but in this section
40Gxx Special methods of summability
40G05 Ces`aro, Euler, Norlund and Hausdorff
methods
40G10 Abel, Borel and power series methods

76
40G15 Summability methods using statistical
convergence [See also 40A35]
40G99 None of the above, but in this section
40Hxx Functional analytic methods in
summability
40H05 Functional analytic methods in summa-
bility
40H99 None of the above, but in this section
40Jxx Summability in abstract structures
[See also 43A55, 46A35, 46B15]
40J05 Summability in abstract structures [See
also 43A55, 46A35, 46B15]
40J99 None of the above, but in this section
41-XX Approximations and expan-
sions {For all approximation theory in
the complex domain, see 30Exx, 30E05
and 30E10; for all trigonometric approx-
imation and interpolation, see 42Axx,
42A10 and 42A15; for numerical approx-
imation, see 65Dxx}
41-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
41-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
41-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
41-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
41-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
41-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
41Axx Approximations and expansions
{For all approximation theory in the
complex domain, see 30E05 and 30E10;
for all trigonometric approximation and
interpolation, see 42A10 and 42A15; for
numerical approximation, see 65Dxx}
77
41A05 Interpolation [See also 42A15 and
65D05]
41A10 Approximation by polynomials {For ap-
proximation by trigonometric polynomi-
als, see 42A10}
41A15 Spline approximation
41A17 Inequalities in approximation (Bern-
stein, Jackson, Nikolski-type inequal-
ities)
41A20 Approximation by rational functions
41A21 Pade approximation
41A25 Rate of convergence, degree of approxi-
mation
41A27 Inverse theorems
41A28 Simultaneous approximation
41A29 Approximation with constraints
41A30 Approximation by other special function
classes
41A35 Approximation by operators (in partic-
ular, by integral operators)
41A36 Approximation by positive operators
41A40 Saturation
41A44 Best constants
41A45 Approximation by arbitrary linear ex-
pressions
41A46 Approximation by arbitrary nonlinear
expressions; widths and entropy
41A50 Best approximation, Chebyshev systems
41A52 Uniqueness of best approximation
41A55 Approximate quadratures
41A58 Series expansions (e.g. Taylor, Lidstone
series, but not Fourier series)
41A60 Asymptotic approximations, asymptotic
expansions (steepest descent, etc.) [See
also 30E15]
41A63 Multidimensional problems (should also
be assigned at least one other classifica-
tion number in this section)
41A65 Abstract approximation theory (approx-
imation in normed linear spaces and
other abstract spaces)
41A80 Remainders in approximation formulas
41A99 Miscellaneous topics
42-XX Fourier analysis
42-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
42-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
42-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
42-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
42-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
42-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
42Axx Fourier analysis in one variable
42A04 (1970) Trigonometric polynomials, in-
equalities, extremal problems
now 42A05
42A05 Trigonometric polynomials, inequalities,
extremal problems
42A08 (1970) Approximation by trigonometric
polynomials
now 42A10
42A10 Trigonometric approximation
42A12 (1970) Trigonometric interpolation
now 42A15
42A15 Trigonometric interpolation
42A16 Fourier coefficients, Fourier series of
functions with special properties, special
Fourier series {For automorphic theory,
see mainly 11F30}
42A18 (1970) Multipliers
now 42A45
42A20 Convergence and absolute convergence
of Fourier and trigonometric series
42A24 Summability and absolute summability
of Fourier and trigonometric series
42A28 (1991) Absolute convergence, absolute
summability
now 42A20, 42A24
42A32 Trigonometric series of special types
(positive coefficients, monotonic coeffi-
cients, etc.)
42A36 (1970) Probabilistic methods in Fourier
analysis
now 42A61
42A38 Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms
and other transforms of Fourier type
42A40 (1970) Conjugate functions, conjugate
series, singular integrals
now 42A50
78
42A44 (1970) Lacunay series of trigonometric
and other functions
now 42A55
42A45 Multipliers
42A48 (1970) Uniqueness of trigonometric ex-
pansions, uniqueness of Fourier expan-
sions, Riemann theory, localization
now 42A63
42A50 Conjugate functions, conjugate series,
singular integrals
42A52 (1970) Orthogonal functions and polyno-
mials, general theory
now 42C05
42A55 Lacunary series of trigonometric and
other functions; Riesz products
42A56 (1970) Fourier series in special orthogo-
nal functions
now 42C10
42A60 (1970) Series of general orthogonal func-
tions and generalized Fourier expan-
sions
now 42C15
42A61 Probabilistic methods
42A62 (1970) Uniqueness and localization for
orthogonal series
now 42C25
42A63 Uniqueness of trigonometric expansions,
uniqueness of Fourier expansions, Rie-
mann theory, localization
42A64 (1970) Completeness of sets of functions
now 42A65
42A65 Completeness of sets of functions
42A68 (1970) Fourier transforms
now 42B10
42A70 Trigonometric moment problems
42A72 (1970) Fourier-Stieljes transforms
now 42B10
42A75 Classical almost periodic functions,
mean periodic functions [See also 43A60]
42A76 (1970) Other transforms of Fourier Type
now 42B10
42A80 (1970) Trigonometric moment problems
now 42A70
42A82 Positive definite functions
42A84 (1970) Classical almost periodic func-
tions
now 42A75
42A85 Convolution, factorization
42A88 (1970) Positive definite functions
now 42A82
42A92 (1970) Multiple Fourier series and inte-
 grals
now 42B05
42A96 (1970) Convolution, factorization
now 42A85
42A99 None of the above, but in this section
42Bxx Fourier analysis in several vari-
ables {For automorphic theory, see
mainly 11F30}
42B05 Fourier series and coefficients
42B08 Summability
42B10 Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms
and other transforms of Fourier type
42B15 Multipliers
42B20 Singular integrals (Calderon-Zygmund,
etc.)
42B25 Maximal functions, Littlewood-Paley
theory
42B30 H p -spaces
42B35 Function spaces arising in harmonic
analysis
42B37 Harmonic analysis and PDE [See also
35-XX]
42B99 None of the above, but in this section
42Cxx Nontrigonometric Fourier analysis
42C05 Orthogonal functions and polynomials,
general theory [See also 33C45, 33C50,
33D45]
42C10 Fourier series in special orthogonal func-
tions (Legendre polynomials, Walsh
functions, etc.)
42C15 Series of general orthogonal func-
tions, generalized Fourier expansions,
nonorthogonal expansions
42C20 Rearrangements and other transforma-
tions of Fourier and other orthogonal se-
ries
42C25 Uniqueness and localization for orthog-
onal series
42C30 Completeness of sets of functions
42C40 Wavelets
42C99 None of the above, but in this section
43-XX Abstract harmonic analysis {For
other analysis on topological and Lie
groups, see 22Exx}
79
43-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
43-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
43-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
43-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
43-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
43-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
43Axx Abstract harmonic analysis {For
other analysis on topological and Lie
groups, see 22Exx}
43A05 Measures on groups and semigroups,
etc.
43A07 Means on groups, semigroups, etc.;
amenable groups
43A10 Measure algebras on groups, semi-
groups, etc.
43A15 Lp -spaces and other function spaces on
groups, semigroups, etc.
43A17 Analysis on ordered groups, H p -theory
43A20 L1 -algebras on groups, semigroups, etc.
43A22 Homomorphisms and multipliers of
function spaces on groups, semigroups,
etc.
43A25 Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms
on locally compact abelian groups
43A30 Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms
on nonabelian groups and on semi-
groups, etc.
43A32 Other transforms and operators of
Fourier type
43A35 Positive definite functions on groups,
semigroups, etc.
43A40 Character groups and dual objects
43A45 Spectral synthesis on groups, semi-
groups, etc.
43A46 Special sets (thin sets, Kronecker sets,
Helson sets, Ditkin sets, Sidon sets, etc.)
43A50 Convergence of Fourier series and of in-
verse transforms
43A55 Summability methods on groups, semi-
groups, etc. [See also 40J05]
43A60 Almost periodic functions on groups integrals, see 26A33. For Fourier trans-
and semigroups and their generaliza- forms, see 42A38, 42B10. For inte-
tions (recurrent functions, distal func- gral transforms in distribution spaces,
tions, etc.); almost automorphic func- see 46F12. For numerical methods, see
tions 65R10}
43A62 Hypergroups 44A05 General transforms [See also 42A38]
43A65 Representations of groups, semigroups, 44A10 Laplace transform
etc. [See also 22A10, 22A20, 22Dxx, 44A12 Radon transform [See also 92C55]
22E45] 44A15 Special transforms (Legendre, Hilbert,
43A70 Analysis on specific locally compact etc.)
abelian groups [See also 11R56, 22B05] 44A20 Transforms of special functions
43A75 Analysis on specific compact groups 44A25 (1970) Singular integrals (Calderon-
43A77 Analysis on general compact groups Zygmund, etc.)
43A80 Analysis on other specific Lie groups now .....
[See also 22Exx] 44A30 Multiple transforms
43A85 Analysis on homogeneous spaces 44A35 Convolution
43A90 Spherical functions [See also 22E45, 44A40 Calculus of Mikusinski and other opera-
22E46, 33C65] tional calculi
43A95 Categorical methods [See also 46Mxx] 44A45 Classical operational calculus
43A99 Miscellaneous topics 44A55 Discrete operational calculus
44A60 Moment problems
44A99 Miscellaneous topics

44-XX Integral transforms, oper-

ational calculus {For fractional
derivatives and integrals, see 26A33.
For Fourier transforms, see 42A38,
42B10. For integral transforms in
distribution spaces, see 46F12. For
numerical methods, see 65R10}
44-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
44-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
44-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
44-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
44-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
44-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
45-XX Integral equations
45-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
45-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
45-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
45-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
45-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
45-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
45Axx Linear integral equations
45A05 Linear integral equations
45A99 None of the above, but in this section

44Axx Integral transforms, operational 45Bxx Fredholm integral equations

calculus {For fractional derivatives and 45B05 Fredholm integral equations

80
45B99 None of the above, but in this section
45Cxx Eigenvalue problems [See also 34Lxx,
35Pxx, 45P05, 47A75]
45C05 Eigenvalue problems [See also 34Lxx,
35Pxx, 45P05, 47A75]
45C99 None of the above, but in this section
45Dxx Volterra integral equations [See
also 34A12]
45D05 Volterra integral equations [See also
34A12]
45D99 None of the above, but in this section
45Exx Singular integral equations [See also
30Exx, 44-XX, 30E20, 30E25, 44A15,
44A35]
45E05 Integral equations with kernels of
Cauchy type [See also 35J15]
45E10 Integral equations of the convolu-
tion type (Abel, Picard, Toeplitz and
Wiener-Hopf type) [See also 47B35]
45E99 None of the above, but in this section
45Fxx Systems of linear integral equa-
tions
45F05 (1970) Systems of linear integral equa-
tions
now 45Fxx
45F05 Systems of nonsingular linear integral
equations
45F10 Dual, triple, etc., integral and series
equations
45F15 Systems of singular linear integral equa-
tions
45F99 None of the above, but in this section
45Gxx Nonlinear integral equations [See
also 47H30, 47Jxx]
45G05 Singular nonlinear integral equations
45G10 Other nonlinear integral equations
45G15 Systems of nonlinear integral equations
45G99 None of the above, but in this section
81
45Hxx Miscellaneous special kernels [See
also 44A15]
45H05 Miscellaneous special kernels [See also
44A15]
45H99 None of the above, but in this section
45Jxx Integro-ordinary differential equa-
tions [See also 34K05, 34K30, 47G20]
45J05 Integro-ordinary differential equations
[See also 34K05, 34K30, 47G20]
45J99 None of the above, but in this section
45Kxx Integro-partial differential equa-
tions [See also 34K30, 35R09, 35R10,
47G20]
45K05 Integro-partial differential equations
[See also 34K30, 35R10, 47G20]
45K99 None of the above, but in this section
45Lxx Theoretical approximation of so-
lutions {For numerical analysis, see
65Rxx}
45L05 Theoretical approximation of solutions
{For numerical analysis, see 65Rxx}
45L10 (1991) Numerical approximation of so-
lutions
now 65R20, 65Rxx
45L99 None of the above, but in this section
45Mxx Qualitative behavior
45M05 Asymptotics
45M10 Stability theory
45M15 Periodic solutions
45M20 Positive solutions
45M99 None of the above, but in this section
45Nxx Abstract integral equations, inte-
gral equations in abstract spaces
45N05 Abstract integral equations, integral
equations in abstract spaces
45N99 None of the above, but in this section
45Pxx Integral operators [See also 47B38,
47G10]
45P05 Integral operators [See also 47B38,
47G10]
45P99 None of the above, but in this section
45Qxx Inverse problems
45Q05 Inverse problems
45Q99 None of the above, but in this section
45Rxx Random integral equations [See
also 60H20]
45R05 Random integral equations [See also
60H20]
45R99 None of the above, but in this section
46-XX Functional analysis {For man-
ifolds modeled on topological linear
spaces, see 57Nxx, 58Bxx}
46-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
46-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
46-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
46-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
46-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
46-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
46Axx Topological linear spaces and re-
lated structures {For function spaces,
see 46Exx}
46A03 General theory of locally convex spaces
46A04 Locally convex Frechet spaces and (DF)-
spaces
46A05 (1980) Locally convex spaces
now 46A03, 46A04
82
46A06 (1980) Metrizable topological linear
spaces and their duals (F-, DF-spaces,
etc.)
now 46A16
46A07 (1980) Barrelled spaces
now 46A08
46A08 Barrelled spaces, bornological spaces
46A09 (1980) Bornological spaces
now 46A08
46A10 (1980) Locally bounded topological linear
spaces
now 46A16
46A11 Spaces determined by compactness or
summability properties (nuclear spaces,
Schwartz spaces, Montel spaces, etc.)
46A12 (1980) Spaces defined by special induc-
tive or projective limits (LF-, nuclear,
Schwartz, Silva spaces, etc.)
now 46A13
46A13 Spaces defined by inductive or projec-
tive limits (LB, LF, etc.) [See also
46M40]
46A14 (1980) Spaces defined by compactness
properties (Montel spaces, etc.)
now 46A11
46A15 (1980) Other topological linear spaces
now 46A19
46A16 Not locally convex spaces (metriz-
able topological linear spaces, locally
bounded spaces, quasi-Banach spaces,
etc.)
46A17 Bornologies and related structures;
Mackey convergence, etc.
46A19 Other topological linear spaces (con-
vergence spaces, ranked spaces, spaces
with a metric taking values in an ordered
structure more general than R, etc.)
46A20 Duality theory
46A22 Theorems of Hahn-Banach type; exten-
sion and lifting of functionals and oper-
ators [See also 46M10]
46A25 Reflexivity and semi-reflexivity [See also
46B10]
46A30 Open mapping and closed graph theo-
rems; completeness (including B-, Br -
completeness)
46A32 Spaces of linear operators; topological
tensor products; approximation prop-
erties [See also 46B28, 46M05, 47L05,
47L20]
46A35 Summability and bases [See also 46B15]
46A40 Ordered topological linear spaces, vector
lattices [See also 06F20, 46B40, 46B42]
46A45 Sequence spaces (including Kothe se-
quence spaces) [See also 46B45]
46A50 Compactness in topological linear
spaces; angelic spaces, etc.
46A55 Convex sets in topological linear spaces;
Choquet theory [See also 52A07]
46A61 Graded Frechet spaces and tame opera-
tors
46A63 Topological invariants ((DN), (), etc.)
46A70 Saks spaces and their duals (strict
topologies, mixed topologies, two-norm
spaces, co-Saks spaces, etc.)
46A80 Modular spaces
46A99 None of the above, but in this section
46Bxx Normed linear spaces and Banach
spaces; Banach lattices {For function
spaces, see 46Exx}
46B03 Isomorphic theory (including renorm-
ing) of Banach spaces
46B04 Isometric theory of Banach spaces
46B05 (1980) Topology in terms of the norm
now .....
46B06 Asymptotic theory of Banach spaces
[See also 52A23]
46B07 Local theory of Banach spaces
46B08 Ultraproduct techniques in Banach
space theory [See also 46M07]
46B09 Probabilistic methods in Banach space
theory [See also 60Bxx]
46B10 Duality and reflexivity [See also 46A25]
46B15 Summability and bases [See also 46A35]
46B20 Geometry and structure of normed lin-
ear spaces
46B22 Radon-Nikodym, Krein-Milman and re-
lated properties [See also 46G10]
46B25 Classical Banach spaces in the general
theory
46B26 Nonseparable Banach spaces
46B28 Spaces of operators; tensor prod-
ucts; approximation properties [See also
46A32, 46M05, 47L05, 47L20]
46B30 (1980) Banach lattices
now 46B42
46B40 Ordered normed spaces [See also 46A40,
46B42]
46B42 Banach lattices [See also 46A40, 46B40]
46B45 Banach sequence spaces [See also 46A45]
83
46B50 Compactness in Banach (or normed)
spaces
46B70 Interpolation between normed linear
spaces [See also 46M35]
46B80 Nonlinear classification of Banach
spaces; nonlinear quotients
46B85 Embeddings of discrete metric spaces
into Banach spaces; applications in
topology and computer science [See also
05C12, 68Rxx]
46B99 None of the above, but in this section
46Cxx Inner product spaces and their
generalizations, Hilbert spaces {For
function spaces, see 46Exx}
46C05 Hilbert and pre-Hilbert spaces: geome-
try and topology (including spaces with
semidefinite inner product)
46C07 Hilbert subspaces (= operator ranges);
complementation (Aronszajn, de
Branges,...) [See 46B70, 46M35]
46C10 (1980) Other properties of such spaces
now .....
46C15 Characterizations of Hilbert spaces
46C20 Spaces with indefinite inner product
(Krein spaces, Pontryagin spaces,...)
[See also 47B50]
46C50 Generalizations of inner products (semi-
inner products, partial inner products,
etc.)
46C99 None of the above, but in this section
46D05 (1980) Spaces with indefinite inner
product
now 46C20
46Exx Linear function spaces and their
duals [See also 30H05, 32A38, 46F05]
{For function algebras, see 46J10}
46E05 Lattices of continuous, differentiable or
analytic functions
46E10 Topological linear spaces of continuous,
differentiable or analytic functions
46E15 Banach spaces of continuous, differen-
tiable or analytic functions
46E20 Hilbert spaces of continuous, differen-
tiable or analytic functions
46E22 Hilbert spaces with reproducing ker-
nels (= [proper] functional Hilbert
spaces, including de Branges-Rovnyak
and other structured spaces) [See also
47B32]
46E25 Rings and algebras of continuous, dif-
ferentiable or analytic functions {For
Banach function algebras, see 46J10,
46J15}
46E27 Spaces of measures [See also 28A33,
46Gxx]
46E30 Spaces of measurable functions (Lp -
spaces, Orlicz spaces, Kothe function
spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement
invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.)
46E35 Sobolev spaces and other spaces of
smooth functions, embedding theo-
rems, trace theorems
46E39 Sobolev (and similar kinds of) spaces of
functions of discrete variables
46E40 Spaces of vector- and operator-valued
functions
46E50 Spaces of differentiable or holomorphic
functions on infinite-dimensional spaces
[See also 46G20, 46G25, 47H60]
46E99 None of the above, but in this section
46Fxx Distributions, generalized func-
tions, distribution spaces [See also
46T30]
46F05 Topological linear spaces of test func-
tions, distributions and ultradistribu-
tions [See also 46E10, 46E35]
46F10 Operations with distributions
46F12 Integral transforms in distribution
spaces [See also 42-XX, 44-XX]
46F15 Hyperfunctions, analytic functionals
[See also 32A25, 32A45, 32C35, 58J15]
46F20 Distributions and ultradistributions as
boundary values of analytic functions
[See also 30D40, 30E25, 32A40]
46F25 Distributions on infinite-dimensional
spaces [See also 58C35]
46F30 Generalized functions for nonlinear
analysis (Rosinger, Colombeau, non-
standard, etc.)
46F99 None of the above, but in this section
84
46Gxx Measures, integration, derivative,
holomorphy (all involving infinite-
dimensional spaces) [See also 28-XX,
46Txx]
46G05 Derivatives [See also 46T20, 58C20,
58C25]
46G10 Vector-valued measures and integration
[See also 28Bxx, 46B22]
46G12 Measures and integration on abstract
linear spaces [See also 28C20, 46T12]
46G15 Functional analytic lifting theory [See
also 28A51]
46G20 Infinite-dimensional holomorphy [See
also 32-XX, 46E50, 46T25, 58B12,
58C10]
46G25 (Spaces of) multilinear mappings, poly-
nomials [See also 46E50, 46G20, 47H60]
46G99 None of the above, but in this section
46Hxx Topological algebras, normed
rings and algebras, Banach alge-
bras {For group algebras, convolution
algebras and measure algebras, see
43A10, 43A20}
46H05 General theory of topological algebras
46H10 Ideals and subalgebras
46H15 Representations of topological algebras
46H20 Structure, classification of topological
algebras
46H25 Normed modules and Banach modules,
topological modules (if not placed in 13-
XX or 16-XX)
46H30 Functional calculus in topological alge-
bras [See also 47A60]
46H35 Topological algebras of operators [See
mainly 47Lxx]
46H40 Automatic continuity
46H70 Nonassociative topological algebras [See
also 46K70, 46L70]
46H99 None of the above, but in this section
46Jxx Commutative Banach algebras and
commutative topological algebras
[See also 46E25]
46J05 General theory of commutative topolog-
ical algebras
46J10 Banach algebras of continuous func-
tions, function algebras [See also 46E25]
46J15 Banach algebras of differentiable or an-
alytic functions, H p -spaces [See also
30H05, 32A35, 32A37, 32A38, 42B30]
46J20 Ideals, maximal ideals, boundaries
46J25 Representations of commutative topo-
logical algebras
46J30 Subalgebras
46J35 (1980) Structure, classification
now 46J40
46J40 Structure, classification of commutative
topological algebras
46J45 Radical Banach algebras
46J99 None of the above, but in this section
46Kxx Topological (rings and) algebras
with an involution [See also 16W10]
46K05 General theory of topological algebras
with involution
46K10 Representations of topological algebras
with involution
46K15 Hilbert algebras
46K50 Nonselfadjoint (sub)algebras in algebras
with involution
46K70 Nonassociative topological algebras
with an involution [See also 46H70,
46L70]
46K99 None of the above, but in this section
46Lxx Selfadjoint operator algebras (C -
algebras, von Neumann (W *-) al-
gebras, etc.) [See also 22D25, 47Lxx]
46L05 General theory of C -algebras
46L06 Tensor products of C -algebras
46L07 Operator spaces and completely
bounded maps [See also 47L25]
46L08 C -modules
46L09 Free products of C -algebras
46L10 General theory of von Neumann alge-
bras
46L15 (1970) Nonselfadjoint operator algebras
on Hilbert space
now .....
46L20 (1970) Operator algebras on Banach and
linear topological space
now .....
46L25 (1970) Dual spaces of oerator algebras
and topological groups
now .....
85
46L30 States
46L35 Classifications of C -algebras, factors
46L36 Classification of factors
46L37 Subfactors and their classification
46L40 Automorphisms
46L45 Decomposition theory for C -algebras
46L50 (1991) Noncommutative measure, inte-
gration and probability
now 46L51, 46L52, 46L53, 46L54
46L51 Noncommutative measure and integra-
tion
46L52 Noncommutative function spaces
46L53 Noncommutative probability and statis-
tics
46L54 Free probability and free operator alge-
bras
46L55 Noncommutative dynamical systems
[See also 28Dxx, 37Kxx, 37Lxx, 54H20]
46L57 Derivations, dissipations and positive
semigroups in C -algebras
46L60 Applications of selfadjoint operator al-
gebras to physics [See also 46N50,
46N55, 47L90, 81T05, 82B10, 82C10]
46L65 Quantizations, deformations
46L70 Nonassociative selfadjoint operator al-
gebras [See also 46H70, 46K70]
46L80 K-theory and operator algebras (in-
cluding cyclic theory) [See also 18F25,
19Kxx, 46M20, 55Rxx, 58J22]
46L85 Noncommutative topology [See also
58B32, 58B34, 58J22]
46L87 Noncommutative differential geometry
[See also 58B32, 58B34, 58J22]
46L89 Other noncommutative mathematics
based on C -algebra theory [See also
58B32, 58B34, 58J22]
46L99 None of the above, but in this section
46Mxx Methods of category theory in
functional analysis [See also 18-XX]
46M05 Tensor products [See also 46A32, 46B28,
47A80]
46M07 Ultraproducts [See also 46B08, 46S20]
46M10 Projective and injective objects [See also
46A22]
46M15 Categories, functors {For K-theory,
EXT, etc., see 19K33, 46L80, 46M18,
46M20}
46M18 Homological methods (exact sequences,
right inverses, lifting, etc.)
46M20 Methods of algebraic topology (coho-
mology, sheaf and bundle theory, etc.)
[See also 14F05, 18Fxx, 19Kxx, 32Cxx,
32Lxx, 46L80, 46M15, 46M18, 55Rxx]
46M35 Abstract interpolation of topological
vector spaces [See also 46B70]
46M40 Inductive and projective limits [See also
46A13]
46M99 None of the above, but in this section
46Nxx Miscellaneous applications
functional analysis [See also 47Nxx]
46N05 (1980) Miscellaneous applications of
functional analysis
now 46Nxx
46N10 Applications in optimization, convex
analysis, mathematical programming,
economics
46N20 Applications to differential and integral
equations
46N30 Applications in probability theory and
statistics
46N40 Applications in numerical analysis [See
also 65Jxx]
46N50 Applications in quantum physics
46N55 Applications in statistical physics
46N60 Applications in biology and other sci-
ences
46N99 None of the above, but in this section
46P05 (1980) Functional analysis over
fields other than R or C; Non-
Archimedean functional analysis
now 46S10
46Sxx Other (nonclassical) types of func-
tional analysis [See also 47Sxx]
46S10 Functional analysis over fields other
than R or C or the quaternions; non-
Archimedean functional analysis [See
also 12J25, 32P05]
46S20 Nonstandard functional analysis [See
also 03H05]
46S30 Constructive functional analysis [See
also 03F60]
46S40 Fuzzy functional analysis [See also
03E72]
46S50 Functional analysis in probabilistic met-
ric linear spaces
46S60 Functional analysis on superspaces (su-
permanifolds) or graded spaces [See also
58A50 and 58C50]
46S99 None of the above, but in this section
46Txx Nonlinear functional analysis [See
also 47Hxx, 47Jxx, 58Cxx, 58Dxx]
46T05 Infinite-dimensional manifolds [See also
of 53Axx, 58Bxx, 58Dxx, 57N20]
46T10 Manifolds of mappings
46T12 Measure (Gaussian, cylindrical, etc.)
and integrals (Feynman, path, Fresnel,
etc.) on manifolds [See also 28Cxx,
46G12, 60-XX]
46T20 Continuous and differentiable maps [See
also 46G05]
46T25 Holomorphic maps [See also 46G20]
46T30 Distributions and generalized functions
on nonlinear spaces [See also 46Fxx]
46T99 None of the above, but in this section
47-XX Operator theory
47-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
47-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
47-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
47-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
47-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
47-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
47Axx General theory of linear operators
47A05 General (adjoints, conjugates, products,
inverses, domains, ranges, etc.)
47A06 Linear relations (multivalued linear op-
erators)
86
47A07 Forms (bilinear, sesquilinear, multilin-
ear)
47A10 Spectrum, resolvent
47A11 Local spectral properties
47A12 Numerical range, numerical radius
47A13 Several-variable operator theory (spec-
tral, Fredholm, etc.)
47A15 Invariant subspaces
47A16 Cyclic and hypercyclic vectors
47A20 Dilations, extensions, compressions
47A25 Spectral sets
47A30 Norms (inequalities, more than one
norm, etc.)
47A35 Ergodic theory [See also 28Dxx, 37Axx]
47A40 Scattering theory [See also 34L25,
35P25, 81Uxx]
47A45 Canonical models for contractions and
nonselfadjoint operators
47A46 Chains (nests) of projections or of
invariant subspaces, integrals along
chains, etc.
47A48 Operator colligations (= nodes), vessels,
linear systems, characteristic functions,
realizations, etc.
47A50 Equations and inequalities involving lin-
ear operators, with vector unknowns
47A52 Ill-posed problems, regularization
47A53 (Semi-) Fredholm operators; index the-
ories [See also 58B15, 58J20]
47A55 Perturbation theory
47A56 Functions whose values are linear oper-
ators (operator and matrix valued func-
tions, etc., including analytic and mero-
morphic ones)
47A57 Operator methods in interpolation, mo-
ment and extension problems [See also
30E05, 42A70, 42A82, 44A60]
47A58 Operator approximation theory
47A60 Functional calculus
47A62 Equations involving linear operators,
with operator unknowns
47A63 Operator inequalities
47A63 (1991) Operator inequalities, operator
means, shorted operators, etc.
now 47A63, 47A64
47A64 Operator means, shorted operators, etc.
47A65 Structure theory
47A66 Quasitriangular and nonquasitriangu-
lar, quasidiagonal and nonquasidiagonal
operators
47A67 Representation theory
87
47A68 Factorization theory (including Wiener-
Hopf and spectral factorizations)
47A70 (Generalized) eigenfunction expansions;
rigged Hilbert spaces
47A75 Eigenvalue problems [See also 49R50]
47A80 Tensor products of operators [See also
46M05]
47A99 None of the above, but in this section
47Bxx Special classes of linear operators
47B05 (1980) Compact operators, Riesz opera-
tors
now 47B06, 47B07
47B06 Riesz operators; eigenvalue distri-
butions; approximation numbers,
s-numbers, Kolmogorov numbers,
entropy numbers, etc. of operators
47B07 Operators defined by compactness prop-
erties
47B10 Operators belonging to operator ideals
(nuclear, p-summing, in the Schatten-
von Neumann classes, etc.) [See also
47L20]
47B15 Hermitian and normal operators (spec-
tral measures, functional calculus, etc.)
47B20 Subnormal operators, hyponormal oper-
ators, etc.
47B25 Symmetric and selfadjoint operators
(unbounded)
47B30 (1970) Fredholm operators
now 47A53
47B32 Operators in reproducing-kernel Hilbert
spaces (including de Branges, de
Branges-Rovnyak, and other structured
spaces) [See also 46E22]
47B33 Composition operators
47B34 Kernel operators
47B35 Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators,
Wiener-Hopf operators [See also 45P05,
47G10 for other integral operators; see
also 32A25, 32M15]
47B36 Jacobi (tridiagonal) operators (matri-
ces) and generalizations
47B37 Operators on special spaces (weighted
shifts, operators on sequence spaces,
etc.)
47B38 Operators on function spaces (general)
47B39 Difference operators [See also 39A70]
47B40 Spectral operators, decomposable oper-
ators, well-bounded operators, etc.
47B44 Accretive operators, dissipative opera-
tors, etc.
47B45 (1970) Difference operators
now 47B39
47B47 Commutators, derivations, elementary
operators, etc.
47B48 Operators on Banach algebras
47B49 Transformers (= operators on spaces of
operators)
47B50 Operators on spaces with an indefinite
metric [See also 46C50]
47B55 (1980) Operators on ordered spaces
now 47B60
47B60 Operators on ordered spaces
47B65 Positive operators and order-bounded
operators
47B80 Random operators [See also 60H25]
47B99 None of the above, but in this section
47Cxx Individual linear operators as ele-
ments of algebraic systems
47C05 Operators in algebras
47C10 Operators in -algebras
47C15 Operators in C - or von Neumann alge-
bras
47C99 None of the above, but in this section
47Dxx Groups and semigroups of lin-
ear operators, their generalizations
and applications
47D03 Groups and semigroups of linear op-
erators {For nonlinear operators, see
47H20; see also 20M20}
47D05 (1980) Semigroups of operators
now 47D03
47D06 One-parameter semigroups and linear
evolution equations [See also 34G10,
34K30]
47D07 Markov semigroups and applications to
diffusion processes {For Markov pro-
cesses, see 60Jxx}
47D08 Schrodinger and Feynman-Kac semi-
groups
47D09 Operator sine and cosine functions and
higher-order Cauchy problems [See also
34G10]
47D10 (1980) Groups of operators
now 47D03
88
47D15 (1991) Linear spaces of operators
now 47L05
47D20 (1991) Convex sets and cones of opera-
tors
now 47L07
47D25 (1991) Operator algebras on Hilbert
space
now 47L25, 47L30, 47L35, 47L40
47D27 (1991) Dual operator algebras
now 47L45
47D30 (1991) Operator algebras on Banach
spaces and other linear topological
spaces
now 47L10
47D35 (1991) Dual spaces of operator algebras
and topological groups
now 47L50
47D40 (1991) Algebras of unbounded operators
now 47L60
47D45 (1991) Applications of operator algebras
to physics
now 47L90, 47N50
47D50 (1991) Operator ideals
now 47L20
47D60 C-semigroups
47D62 Integrated semigroups
47D99 None of the above, but in this section
47Exx Ordinary differential operators [See
also 34Bxx, 34Lxx]
47E05 Ordinary differential operators [See also
34Bxx, 34Lxx]
47E99 None of the above, but in this section
47Fxx Partial differential operators [See
also 35Pxx, 58Jxx]
47F05 Partial differential operators [See also
35Pxx, 58Jxx]
47F99 None of the above, but in this section
47Gxx Integral, integro-differential, and
pseudodifferential operators [See
also 58Jxx]
47G05 (1980) Integral, integro-differential, and
pseudodifferential operators
now 47Gxx
47G10 Integral operators [See also 45P05]
47G20 Integro-differential operators [See also
34K30, 35R10, 45J05, 45K05]
47G30 Pseudodifferential operators [See also
35Sxx, 58Jxx]
47G40 Potential operators [See also 31-XX]
47G99 None of the above, but in this section
47Hxx Nonlinear operators and their
properties {For global and geometric
aspects, see 58-XX, especially 58Cxx}
47H04 Set-valued operators [See also 28B20,
54C60, 58C06]
47H05 Monotone operators (with respect to du-
ality)
47H06 Accretive operators, dissipative opera-
tors, etc.
47H07 Monotone and positive operators on or-
dered Banach spaces or other ordered
topological vector spaces
47H08 Measures of noncompactness and con-
densing mappings, K-set contractions,
etc.
47H09 Nonexpansive mappings, and their gen-
eralizations (ultimately compact map-
pings, measures of noncompactness and
condensing mappings, A-proper map-
pings, K-set contractions, etc.)
47H10 Fixed-point theorems [Sse also 54H25,
55M20, 58C30]
47H11 Degree theory [See also 55M25, 58C30]
47H12 (1991) Spectral theory of nonlinear op-
erators
now 47J10
47H14 Perturbations of nonlinear operators
47H15 (1991) Equations involving nonlinear
operators
now 47J05, 47Jxx
47H17 (1991) Methods for solving equations in-
volving nonlinear operators
now 47J25, 65J15
47H19 (1991) Inequalities involving nonlinear
operators
now 47J20, 49J40
47H20 Semigroups of nonlinear operators
47H25 Nonlinear ergodic theorems [See also
28Dxx, 37Axx, 47A35]
47H30 Particular nonlinear operators (su-
perposition, Hammerstein, Nemytskii,
Uryson, etc.) [See also 45Gxx, 45P05]
89
47H40 Random operators [See also 60H25]
47H50 (2000) Potential operators
now 47G40
47H60 Multilinear and polynomial operators
[See also 46G25]
47H99 None of the above, but in this section
47Jxx Equations and inequalities involv-
ing nonlinear operators [See also
46Txx] {For global and geometric as-
pects, see 58-XX}
47J05 Equations involving nonlinear operators
(general)
47J06 Nonlinear ill-posed problems
47J07 Abstract inverse mapping and implicit
function theorems [See also 46T20 and
58C15]
47J10 Nonlinear eigenvalue problems
47J15 Abstract bifurcation theory [See also
58E07, 58E09]
47J20 Variational and other types of inequali-
ties involving nonlinear operators (gen-
eral)
47J22 Variational and other types of inclusions
[See also 34A60, 49J21, 49K21]
47J25 Methods for solving nonlinear operator
equations (general)
47J30 Variational methods [See also 58Exx]
47J35 Nonlinear evolution equations [See also
34G20, 35K90, 35L90, 35Qxx, 35R20,
37Kxx, 37Lxx, 58D25]
47J40 Equations with hysteresis operators
47J99 None of the above, but in this section
47Lxx Linear spaces and algebras of oper-
ators [See also 46Lxx]
47L05 Linear spaces of operators [See also
46A32 and 46B28]
47L07 Convex sets and cones of operators [See
also 46A55]
47L10 Algebras of operators on Banach spaces
and other topological linear spaces
47L15 Operator algebras with symbol struc-
ture
47L20 Operator ideals
47L22 Ideals of polynomials and of multilinear
mappings
47L25 Operator spaces (=matricially normed
spaces) [See also 46L07]
47L30 Abstract operator algebras on Hilbert 47S20 Nonstandard operator theory [See also
spaces 03H05]
47L35 Nest algebras, CSL algebras 47S30 Constructive operator theory [See also
47L40 Limit algebras, subalgebras of C - 03F60]
algebras 47S40 Fuzzy operator theory [See also 03E72]
47L45 Dual algebras; weakly closed singly gen- 47S50 Operator theory in probabilistic metric
erated operator algebras linear spaces
47L50 Dual spaces of operator algebras 47S99 None of the above, but in this section
47L55 Representations of (nonselfadjoint) op-
erator algebras
47L60 Algebras of unbounded operators; par-
tial algebras of operators 49-XX Calculus of variations and opti-
47L65 Crossed product algebras (analytic mal control; optimization [See also
crossed products) 34H05, 34K35, 65Kxx, 90Cxx, 93-XX]
47L70 Nonassociative nonselfadjoint operator
algebras
47L75 Other nonselfadjoint operator algebras 49-00 General reference works (handbooks,
47L80 Algebras of specific types of operators dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
(Toeplitz, integral, pseudodifferential, 49-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
etc.) torial papers, etc.)
47L90 Applications of operator algebras to 49-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
physics vey articles)
47L99 None of the above, but in this section 49-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
47Nxx Miscellaneous applications of op- 49-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
erator theory [See also 46Nxx] grams (not the theory of computation or
47N10 Applications in optimization, convex programming)
analysis, mathematical programming, 49-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
economics etc.
47N20 Applications to differential and integral
equations
47N30 Applications in probability theory and
statistics 49Axx (1980) Existence theory for opti-
47N40 Applications in numerical analysis [See mal solutions
also 65Jxx] now 49Jxx
47N50 Applications in quantum physics 49A05 (1980) Free problems in one independent
47N55 (2000) Applications in statistical physics variable
now 47N50 now 49J05
47N60 Applications in biology and other sci- 49A10 (1980) Problems involving ordinary dif-
ences ferential equations, optimal control
47N70 Applications in systems theory, circuits, now 49J15
etc. 49A15 (1970) Free problems in two or more in-
47N99 None of the above, but in this section dependent variables
now 49J10
49A20 (1970) Problems involving partial differ-
47Sxx Other (nonclassical) types of oper- ential equations
ator theory [See also 46Sxx] now 49J20
47S10 Operator theory over fields other 49A21 (1980) Free problems in two or more in-
than R, C or the quaternions; non- dependent variables
Archimedean operator theory now 49J10

90
49A22 (1980) Problems involving partial differ-
ential equations, optimal contral
now 49J20
49A25 (1970) Problems in abstract spaces
now 49J27
49A27 (1980) Problems in abstract spaces
now 49J27
49A29 (1980) Variational inequalities
now 49J40
49A30 (1970) Problems involving functional re-
lations other than differential equations
now .....
49A34 (1980) Problems involving functional re-
lations other than differential equations
now .....
49A35 (1970) Optimal solutions belonging to
restricted classes
now 49J30
49A36 (1980) Optimal solutions belonging to
restricted classes (bang-bang controls,
etc.)
now 49J30
49A40 (1980) Minimax problems
now 49J35
49A45 (1980) Game theory; pursuit and eva-
sion
now .....
49A50 (1980) Topology of solutions, weak and
strong minima, semicontinuity, convex-
ity, orientor fields
now .....
49A51 (1980) Frechet and Gateaux differentia-
bility
now 49J50
49A55 (1980) Duality theory
now .....
49A60 (1980) Optimal stochastic control
now .....
49A99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now 49J99
49Bxx (1980) Necessary conditions and
sufficient conditions for optimality
now 49Kxx
49B05 (1980) Free problems in one independent
variable
now 49K05
49B10 (1980) Problems involving ordinary dif-
ferential equations, optimal control
now 49K15
49B15 (1970) Optimal solution belonging to re-
stricted classes
now 49K30
49B20 (1970) Free problems in two or more in-
dependent variables
now 49K10
49B21 (1980) Free problems in two or more in-
dependent variables
now 49K10
49B22 (1980) Problems involving partial differ-
ential equations, optimal control
now 49K20
49B25 (1970) Problems involving partial differ-
ential equations
now 49K20
49B27 (1980) Problems in abstract spaces
now 49K27
49B30 (1970) Problems in abstract spaces
now 49K27
49B34 (1980) Problems involving functional re-
lations other than differential equations
now .....
49B35 (1970) Problems involving functional re-
lations other than differential equations
now .....
49B36 (1980) Optimal solutions belonging to
restricted classes
now 49K30
49B40 (1980) Minimax problems
now 49K35
49B50 (1980) Sensitivity of optimal solutions in
the presence of pertubations
now 49K40
49B60 (1980) Optimal stochastic control
now .....
49B99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now 49K99
49Cxx (1980) Caratheodory, Hamilton-
Jacobi theories, including dynamic
programming
now 49Lxx
49C05 (1980) Free problems and problems in-
volving oridinary differential equations
now 49J05, 49J10, 49K05, 49K10,
49K15
49C10 (1980) Free problems and problems in-
volving partial differential equations

91
 now 49J20, 49K20 49D49 (1980) Geometric programming
49C15 (1980) Problems in abstract spaces or in- now 90C30
volving functional relations other than 49D50 (1980) Periodic optimization
differential equations now .....
now 49J27, 49K27 49D99 (1980) Non of the above, but in this sec-
49C20 (1980) Dynamic programming method tion
now 49L20 now 49M99, 90C99
49C99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now 49L99 49Exx (1980) Controllability and geometry
of control problems
now .....
49E05 (1980) General dependence on controls
49Dxx (1980) Methods of succesive ap- now .....
proximation 49E10 (1980) Orientor fields (contingency
now 49Mxx equations)
49D05 (1980) Methods based on necessary con- now .....
ditions 49E15 (1980) Attainable sets, controllability
now 49M05 now .....
49D07 (1980) Gradient methods 49E20 (1980) Interrelations between stability
now 90C30, 90C52, 90C53, 90C55 problems and optimization problems
49D10 (1980) Methods of steepest descent type now .....
now 90C30, 90C52, 90C53, 90C55 49E25 (1980) Effect of perturbations on con-
49D15 (1980) Methods of Newton-Raphson, trollability
Galerkin and Ritz types now .....
now 49M15 49E30 (1980) Relation between controllability
49D20 (1980) Methods of relaxation type and optimal solutions
now 49M20 now .....
49D25 (1980) Finite difference methods 49E99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
now ..... tion
49D27 (1980) Decomposition methods now .....
now 49M27
49D29 (1980) Multiplier methods
now ..... 49Fxx (1980) Manifolds
49D30 (1980) Other methods, not based on now 49Qxx
necessary conditions (penalty function, 49F05 (1980) Exterior differential forms, in-
etc.) variant integrals (Cartan theory)
now 49M30 now .....
49D35 (1980) Methods of linear programming 49F10 (1980) Minimal surfaces
type now 49Q05
now 90C05, 90C08 49F15 (1980) Morse theory in Hilbert and other
49D37 (1980) Nonlinear programming spaces
now 49M37 now .....
49D39 (1980) Semi-infinite programming 49F20 (1980) Geometric measure and integra-
now 90C34 tion theory, integral and normal cur-
49D40 (1980) Methods of quadratic program- rents, flat chains and cochains, varifolds
ming type now 49Q15
now 90C20, 90C55 49F22 (1980) Existence and structure of solu-
49D45 (1980) Metehods of convex programam- tions to variational problems in geomet-
ing type ric measure-theoretic setting
now 90C25, 90C55 now 49Q20

92
49F25 (1980) Surface area; Weierstrass and 49J25 (2000) Optimal control problems involv-
Burkill integrals, subadditive set func- ing equations with retarded arguments
tions now 49J21
now 49Q05 49J27 Problems in abstract spaces [See also
49F99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec- 90C48, 93C25]
tion 49J30 Optimal solutions belonging to re-
now 49Q99 stricted classes (Lipschitz controls,
bang-bang controls, etc.)
49J35 Minimax problems
49Gxx (1980) Variational methods for 49J40 Variational methods including varia-
eigenvalues tional inequalities [See also 47H19]
now 49R50 49J45 Methods involving semicontinuity and
49G05 (1980) Variational approach to eigenval- convergence; relaxation
ues 49J50 Frechet and Gateaux differentiability
now 49R50 [See also 46G05, 58C20]
49G10 (1980) Rayleigh-Ritz methods 49J52 Nonsmooth analysis [See also 46G05,
now 49R50 58C50]
49G15 (1980) Weinstein and Aronszajn meth- 49J53 Set-valued and variational analysis [See
ods, intermediate problems also 28B20, 47H04, 54C60, 58C06]
now 49R50 49J55 Problems involving randomness [See
49G20 (1980) Linear operators in Hilbert also 93E20]
spaces 49J99 None of the above, but in this section
now 49R50
49G99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now 49R50 49Kxx Necessary conditions and suffi-
cient conditions for optimality
49K05 Free problems in one independent vari-
able
49H05 (1980) Variational principles of 49K10 Free problems in two or more indepen-
physics dent variables
now 49S05 49K15 Problems involving ordinary differential
equations
49K20 Problems involving partial differential
49Jxx Existence theories equations
49J05 Free problems in one independent vari- 49K21 Problems involving relations other than
able differential equations
49J10 Free problems in two or more indepen- 49K22 (2000) Problems involving integral equa-
dent variables tions
49J15 Optimal control problems involving or- now 49K21
dinary differential equations 49K24 (2000) Problems involving differential
49J20 Optimal control problems involving par- inclusions
tial differential equations now 49K21
49J21 Optimal control problems involving re- 49K25 (2000) Problems involving equations
lations other than differential equations with retarded arguments
49J22 (2000) Optimal control problems involv- now 49K21
ing integral equations 49K27 Problems in abstract spaces [See also
now 49J21 90C48, 93C25]
49J24 (2000) Optimal control problems involv- 49K30 Optimal solutions belonging to re-
ing differential inclusions stricted classes
now 49J21 49K35 Minimax problems

93
49K40 Sensitivity, stability, well-posedness [See
also 90C31]
49K45 Problems involving randomness [See
also 93E20]
49K99 None of the above, but in this section
49Lxx Hamilton-Jacobi theories, includ-
ing dynamic programming
49L05 (1991) Free problems and problems in-
volving ordinary differential equations
now 49J05, 49J10, 49J15, 49K05,
49K10, 49K15
49L10 (1991) Free problems and problems in-
volving partial differential equations
now 49J20, 49K20
49L15 (1991) Problems in abstract spaces or
problems involving functional relations
other than differential equations
now 49J27, 49K27
49L20 Dynamic programming method
49L25 Viscosity solutions
49L99 None of the above, but in this section
49Mxx Methods of successive approxima-
tions [See also 90Cxx, 65Kxx]
49M05 Methods based on necessary conditions
49M07 (1991) Gradient methods
now 90C30, 90C52, 90C53, 90C55
49M10 (1991) Methods of steepest descent type
now 90C30, 90C52, 90C53, 90C55
49M15 Methods of Newton-Raphson, Galerkin
and Ritz types
49M20 Methods of relaxation type
49M25 Discrete approximations
49M27 Decomposition methods
49M29 Methods involving duality
49M30 Other methods, not based on necessary
conditions (penalty function, etc.)
49M35 (1991) Methods of linear programming
type
now 90C05, 90C08
49M37 Methods of nonlinear programming type
[See also 90C30, 65Kxx]
49M39 (1991) Semi-infinite programming
now 90C34
49M40 (1991) Methods of quadratic program-
ming type
now 90C20, 90C55
94
49M45 (1991) Methods of convex programming
type
now 90C25, 90C55
49M49 (1991) Geometric programming
now 90C30
49M99 None of the above, but in this section
49Nxx Miscellaneous topics
49N05 Linear optimal control problems [See
also 93C05]
49N10 Linear-quadratic problems
49N15 Duality theory
49N20 Periodic optimization
49N25 Impulsive optimal control problems
49N30 Problems with incomplete information
[See also 93C41]
49N35 Optimal feedback synthesis [See also
93B52]
49N40 (1991) Open-loop controls
now 93C15
49N45 Inverse problems
49N50 (1991) Inverse problems in optimal con-
trol theory
now 49N45
49N55 (1991) Noneconomic applications of op-
timal control theory and differential
games
now 49N90
49N60 Regularity of solutions
49N65 (1991) Applications of measurable selec-
tions to control theory
now 49J52
49N70 Differential games
49N75 Pursuit and evasion games
49N90 Applications of optimal control and dif-
ferential games [See also 90C90, 93C95]
49N99 None of the above, but in this section
49Qxx Manifolds [See also 58Exx]
49Q05 Minimal surfaces [See also 53A10,
58E12]
49Q10 Optimization of shapes other than min-
imal surfaces [See also 90C90]
49Q12 Sensitivity analysis
49Q15 Geometric measure and integration the-
ory, integral and normal currents [See
also 28A75, 32C30, 58A25, 58C35]
49Q20 Variational problems in a geometric
measure-theoretic setting
49Q25 (1991) Surface area 50A15 (1970) Transformation groups
now 49Q05 now .....
49Q99 None of the above, but in this section 50A20 (1970) Algebraic characterizations
now .....
50A25 (1970) Models
now .....
49Rxx Variational methods for eigenval-
50A30 (1970) Length, area, volume
ues of operators [See also 47A75]
now 51M25
49R05 Variational methods for eigenvalues of
50A99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
operators
tion
49R10 (1991) Rayleigh-Ritz methods
now .....
now 49Rxx
49R15 (1991) Weinstein and Aronzajn meth-
ods, intermediate problems
now 49Rxx 50Bxx (1970) Euclidean geometry (includ-
49R20 (1991) Linear operators in Hilbert ing equiform geometry)
spaces now 51M05, 51N20
now 49Rxx 50B05 (1970) Constructions
49R50 (2000) Variational methods for eigenval- now 51M15
ues of operators 50B10 (1970) Metric formulae
now 49Rxx [See also 47A75] now .....
49R99 None of the above, but in this section 50B15 (1970) Inequalities
now .....
50B20 (1970) Geometry of circles
now .....
49Sxx Variational principles of physics 50B25 (1970) Euclidean and equiform geometry
49S05 Variational principles of physics over fields other than the reals
49S99 None of the above, but in this section now .....
50B30 (1970) Regular figures, division of space
now .....
50-XX Geometry 50B35 (1970) Other groups generated by reflec-
This section has been deleted. [See now tion
51-XX] now .....
50B99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
50-01 (1970) Elementary exposition now .....
now 51-01
50-02 (1970) Advanced exposition
now 51-02
50Cxx (1970) Other metric geometries
50-03 (1970) Historical
now .....
now 51-03
50C05 (1970) Elliptic and hyperbolic, general
50-04 (1970) Explicit machine computation
now 51M10
and programs
50C10 (1970) Elliptic and hyperbolic inequali-
now 51-04
ties
now .....
50C15 (1970) Groups generated by elliptic and
50Axx (1970) Foundations hyperbolic reflections
now ..... now .....
50A05 (1970) Euclidean 50C20 (1970) Hyperbolic convexity
now 51M05, 51N20 now .....
50A10 (1970) Noneuclidean 50C25 (1970) Other metric geometries
now ..... now .....

95
 51-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
50Dxx (1970) Geometries of other trans-
formation groups
now .....
50D05 (1970) Affine geometry, general 51Axx Linear incidence geometry
now ..... 51A05 General theory and projective geome-
50D10 (1970) Affine geometry, subgroups tries
now ..... 51A10 Homomorphism, automorphism and du-
50D15 (1970) Descriptive geometry alities
now ..... 51A15 Structures with parallelism
50D20 (1970) Projective geometry over the re- 51A20 Configuration theorems
als 51A25 Algebraization [See also 12Kxx, 20N05]
now ..... 51A30 Desarguesian and Pappian geometries
50D25 (1970) Projective geometry over other 51A35 Non-Desarguesian affine and projective
infinite fields planes
now ..... 51A40 Translation planes and spreads
50D30 (1970) Projective geometry over finite 51A45 Incidence structures imbeddable into
fields projective geometries
now ..... 51A50 Polar geometry, symplectic spaces, or-
50D35 (1970) Projective geometry over combi- thogonal spaces
natorial or nonfield structures 51A99 None of the above, but in this section
now .....
50D40 (1970) Line geometry
now 51M30
50D45 (1970) Circle and sphere geometry: Lie, 51Bxx Nonlinear incidence geometry
Laguerre, Moebius 51B05 General theory
now 51Bxx 51B10 Mobius geometries
50D50 (1970) Geometries on other space ele- 51B15 Laguerre geometries
ments 51B20 Minkowski geometries
now ..... 51B25 Lie geometries
50D99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec- 51B99 None of the above, but in this section
tion
now .....
51Cxx Ring geometry (Hjelmslev, Barbi-
lian, etc.)
51-XX Geometry {For algebraic geometry, 51C05 Ring geometry (Hjelmslev, Barbilian,
see 14-XX} etc.)
51C99 None of the above, but in this section
51-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
51-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- 51Dxx Geometric closure systems
torial papers, etc.) 51D05 Abstract (Maeda) geometries
51-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- 51D10 Abstract geometries with exchange ax-
vey articles) iom
51-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least 51D15 Abstract geometries with parallelism
one classification number from Section 51D20 Combinatorial geometries [See also
01) 05B25, 05B35]
51-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- 51D25 Lattices of subspaces [See also 05B35]
grams (not the theory of computation or 51D30 Continuous geometries and related top-
programming) ics [See also 06Cxx]

96
51D99 None of the above, but in this section 51H15 Topological nonlinear incidence struc-
tures
51H20 Topological geometries on manifolds
[See also 57-XX]
51Exx Finite geometry and special inci-
51H25 Geometries with differentiable structure
dence structures
[See also 53Cxx, 53C70]
51E05 General block designs [See also 05B05]
51H30 Geometries with algebraic manifold
51E10 Steiner systems
structure [See also 14-XX]
51E12 Generalized quadrangles, generalized
51H99 None of the above, but in this section
polygons
51E14 Finite partial geometries (general), nets,
partial spreads
51E15 Affine and projective planes 51Jxx Incidence groups
51E20 Combinatorial structures in finite pro- 51J05 General theory
jective spaces [See also 05Bxx] 51J10 Projective incidence groups
51E21 Blocking sets, ovals, k-arcs 51J15 Kinematic spaces
51E22 Linear codes and caps in Galois spaces 51J20 Representation by near-fields and near-
[See also 94B05] algebras [See also 12K05, 16Y30]
51E23 Spreads and packing problems 51J99 None of the above, but in this section
51E24 Buildings and the geometry of diagrams
51E25 Other finite nonlinear geometries
51E26 Other finite linear geometries
51E30 Other finite incidence structures [See 51Kxx Distance geometry
also 05B30] 51K05 General theory
51E99 None of the above, but in this section 51K10 Synthetic differential geometry
51K99 None of the above, but in this section

51Fxx Metric geometry

51F05 Absolute planes 51Lxx Geometric order structures [See also
51F10 Absolute spaces 53C75]
51F15 Reflection groups, reflection geometries 51L05 Geometry of orders of nondifferentiable
[See also 20H10, 20H15; for Coxeter curves
groups, see 20F55] 51L10 Directly differentiable curves
51F20 Congruence and orthogonality [See also 51L15 n-vertex theorems via direct methods
20H05] 51L20 Geometry of orders of surfaces
51F25 Orthogonal and unitary groups [See also 51L99 None of the above, but in this section
20H05]
51F99 None of the above, but in this section

51Mxx Real and complex geometry

51Gxx Ordered geometries (ordered inci-
dence structures, etc.)
51G05 Ordered geometries (ordered incidence
structures, etc.)
51G99 None of the above, but in this section
51Hxx Topological geometry
51H05 General theory
51H10 Topological linear incidence structures
51M04 Elementary problems in Euclidean ge-
ometries
51M05 Euclidean geometries (general) and gen-
eralizations
51M09 Elementary problems in hyperbolic and
elliptic geometries
51M10 Hyperbolic and elliptic geometries (gen-
eral) and generalizations
51M15 Geometric constructions
51M16 Inequalities and extremum problems
{For convex problems, see 52A40}

97
51M20 Polyhedra and polytopes; regular fig-
ures, division of spaces [See also 51F15]
51M25 Length, area and volume [See also
26B15]
51M30 Line geometries and their generaliza-
tions [See also 53A25]
51M35 Synthetic treatment of fundamental
manifolds in projective geometries
(Grassmannians, Veronesians and their
generalizations) [See also 14M15]
51M99 None of the above, but in this section
51Nxx Analytic and descriptive geome-
try
51N05 Descriptive geometry [See also 65D17,
68U07]
51N10 Affine analytic geometry
51N15 Projective analytic geometry
51N20 Euclidean analytic geometry
51N25 Analytic geometry with other transfor-
mation groups
51N30 Geometry of classical groups [See also
20Gxx, 14L35]
51N35 Questions of classical algebraic geome-
try [See also 14Nxx]
51N99 None of the above, but in this section
51Pxx Geometry and physics (should also
be assigned at least one other clas-
sification number from Sections
7086)
51P05 Geometry and physics (should also be
assigned at least one other classification
number from Sections 7086)
51P99 None of the above, but in this section
52-XX Convex and discrete geometry
52-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
52-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
52-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
52-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
98
52-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
52-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
52Axx General convexity
52A01 Axiomatic and generalized convexity
52A05 Convex sets without dimension restric-
tions
52A07 Convex sets in topological vector spaces
[See also 46A55]
52A10 Convex sets in 2 dimensions (including
convex curves) [See also 53A04]
52A15 Convex sets in 3 dimensions (including
convex surfaces) [See also 53A05, 53C45]
52A20 Convex sets in n dimensions (including
convex hypersurfaces) [See also 53A07,
53C45]
52A21 Finite-dimensional Banach spaces (in-
cluding special norms, zonoids, etc.)
[See also 46Bxx]
52A22 Random convex sets and integral geom-
etry [See also 53C65, 60D05]
52A23 Asymptotic theory of convex bodies [See
also 46B06]
52A25 (1980) Polyhedra and polytopes
now 52Bxx
52A27 Approximation by convex sets
52A30 Variants of convex sets (star-shaped,
(m, n)-convex, etc.)
52A35 Helly-type theorems and geometric
transversal theory
52A37 Other problems of combinatorial con-
vexity
52A38 Length, area, volume [See also 26B15,
28A75, 49Q20]
52A39 Mixed volumes and related topics
52A40 Inequalities and extremum problems
52A41 Convex functions and convex programs
[See also 26B25, 90C25]
52A43 (1980) Lattices and convex bodies
now 52C05, 52C07
52A45 (1980) Packing, covering, tiling
now 52C15, 52C17, 52C20, 52C22
52A50 (1980) Hilbert geometry
now .....
52A55 Spherical and hyperbolic convexity
52A99 None of the above, but in this section
52Bxx Polytopes and polyhedra
52B05 Combinatorial properties (number of
faces, shortest paths, etc.) [See also
05Cxx]
52B10 Three-dimensional polytopes
52B11 n-dimensional polytopes
52B12 Special polytopes (linear programming,
centrally symmetric, etc.)
52B15 Symmetry properties of polytopes
52B20 Lattice polytopes (including relations
with commutative algebra and alge-
braic geometry) [See also 06A11, 13F20,
13Hxx]
52B22 Shellability
52B30 (1991) Arrangements of hyperplanes
now 52C35
52B35 Gale and other diagrams
52B40 Matroids (realizations in the context of
convex polytopes, convexity in combina-
torial structures, etc.) [See also 05B35,
52Cxx]
52B45 Dissections and valuations (Hilberts
third problem, etc.) [See also 68-XX]
52B55 Computational aspects related to con-
vexity [See also 68Uxx] {For compu-
tational geometry and algorithms, see
68Q25, 68U05; for numerical algo-
rithms, see 65Yxx}
52B60 Isoperimetric problems for polytopes
52B70 Polyhedral manifolds
52B99 None of the above, but in this section
52C26 Circle packings and discrete conformal
geometry
52C30 Planar arrangements of lines and pseu-
dolines [See also 32S22]
52C35 Arrangements of points, flats, hyper-
planes
52C40 Oriented matroids
52C45 Combinatorial complexity of geometric
structures [See also 68U05]
52C99 None of the above, but in this section
53-XX Differential geometry {For differ-
ential topology, see 57Rxx. For founda-
tional questions of differentiable mani-
folds, see 58Axx}
53-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
53-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
53-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
53-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
53-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
53-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.

52Cxx Discrete geometry

52C05 Lattices and convex bodies in 2 dimen-
sions [See also 11H06, 11H31, 11P21] 53Axx Classical differential geometry
52C07 Lattices and convex bodies in n dimen- 53A04 Curves in Euclidean space
sions [See also 11H06, 11H31, 11P21] 53A05 Surfaces in Euclidean space
52C10 Erdos problems and related topics of dis- 53A07 Higher-dimensional and -codimensional
crete geometry [See also 11Hxx] surfaces in Euclidean n-space
52C15 Packing and covering in 2 dimensions 53A10 Minimal surfaces, surfaces with pre-
[See also 05B40, 11H31] scribed mean curvature [See also 49Q05,
52C17 Packing and covering in n dimensions 49Q10, 53C42]
[See also 05B40, 11H31] 53A15 Affine differential geometry
52C20 Tilings in 2 dimensions [See also 05B45, 53A17 Kinematics
51M20] 53A20 Projective differential geometry
52C22 Tilings in n dimensions [See also 05B45, 53A25 Differential line geometry
51M20] 53A30 Conformal differential geometry
52C23 Quasicrystals, aperiodic tilings 53A35 Non-Euclidean differential geometry
52C25 Rigidity and flexibility of structures [See 53A40 Other special differential geometries
also 70B15] 53A45 Vector and tensor analysis

99
53A50 (1991) Spinor analysis
now 53Q27
53A55 Differential invariants (local theory), ge-
ometric objects
53A60 Geometry of webs [See also 14C21,
20N05]
53A99 None of the above, but in this section
53Bxx Local differential geometry
53B05 Linear and affine connections
53B10 Projective connections
53B15 Other connections
53B20 Local Riemannian geometry
53B21 Methods of Riemannian geometry
53B25 Local submanifolds [See also 53C40]
53B30 Lorentz metrics, indefinite metrics
53B35 Hermitian and Kahlerian structures [See
also 32Cxx]
53B40 Finsler spaces and generalizations (areal
metrics)
53B50 Applications to physics
53B99 None of the above, but in this section
53Cxx Global differential geometry [See
also 51H25, 58-XX; for related bundle
theory, see 55Rxx, 57Rxx]
53C05 Connections, general theory
53C07 Special connections and metrics on
vector bundles (Hermite-Einstein-Yang-
Mills) [See also 32Q20]
53C08 Gerbes, differential characters: differen-
tial geometric aspects
53C10 G-structures
53C12 Foliations (differential geometric as-
pects) [See also 57R30, 57R32]
53C15 General geometric structures on mani-
folds (almost complex, almost product
structures, etc.)
53C17 Sub-Riemannian geometry
53C20 Global Riemannian geometry, including
pinching [See also 31C12, 58B20]
53C21 Methods of Riemannian geometry, in-
cluding PDE methods; curvature re-
strictions [See also 58J60]
53C22 Geodesics [See also 58E10]
53C23 Global topological methods (`a la Gro-
mov)
53C24 Rigidity results
100
53C25 Special Riemannian manifolds (Ein-
stein, Sasakian, etc.)
53C26 Hyper-Kahler and quaternionic K ahler
geometry, special geometry
53C27 Spin and Spinc geometry
53C28 Twistor methods [See also 32L25]
53C29 Issues of holonomy
53C30 Homogeneous manifolds [See also
14M15, 14M17, 32M10, 57T15]
53C35 Symmetric spaces [See also 32M15,
57T15]
53C38 Calibrations and calibrated geometries
53C40 Global submanifolds [See also 53B25]
53C42 Immersions (minimal, prescribed cur-
vature, tight, etc.) [See also 49Q05,
49Q10, 53A10, 57R40, 57R42]
53C43 Differential geometric aspects of har-
monic maps [See also 58E20]
53C44 Geometric evolution equations (mean
curvature flow)
53C45 Global surface theory (convex surfaces ` a
la A. D. Aleksandrov)
53C50 Lorentz manifolds, manifolds with indef-
inite metrics
53C55 Hermitian and Kahlerian manifolds [See
also 32Cxx]
53C56 Other complex differential geometry
[See also 32Cxx]
53C60 Finsler spaces and generalizations (areal
metrics) [See also 58B20]
53C65 Integral geometry [See also 52A22,
60D05]; differential forms, currents, etc.]
[See mainly 58Axx]
53C70 Direct methods (G-spaces of Busemann,
etc.)
53C75 Geometric orders, order geometry [See
also 51Lxx]
53C80 Applications to physics
53C99 None of the above, but in this section
53Dxx Symplectic geometry, contact ge-
ometry [See also 37Jxx, 70Gxx, 70Hxx]
53D05 Symplectic manifolds, general
53D10 Contact manifolds, general
53D12 Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index
53D15 Almost contact and almost symplectic
manifolds
53D17 Poisson manifolds
53D18 Generalized geometries (`a la Hitchin)
53D20 Momentum maps; symplectic reduction
53D22 Canonical transformations 54A10 Several topologies on one set (change of
53D25 Geodesic flows topology, comparison of topologies, lat-
53D30 Symplectic structures of moduli spaces tices of topologies)
53D35 Global theory of symplectic and contact 54A15 Syntopogeneous structures
manifolds [See also 57Rxx] 54A20 Convergence in general topology (se-
53D37 Mirror symmetry, symplectic aspects; quences, filters, limits, convergence
homological mirror symmetry; Fukaya spaces, etc.)
category [See also 14J33] 54A25 Cardinality properties (cardinal func-
53D40 Floer homology and cohomology, sym- tions and inequalities, discrete subsets)
plectic aspects [See also 03Exx] {For ultrafilters, see
53D42 Symplectic field theory; contact homol- 54D80}
ogy 54A35 Consistency and independence results
53D45 Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum co- [See also 03E35]
homology, Frobenius manifolds [See also 54A40 Fuzzy topology [See also 03E72]
14N35] 54A99 None of the above, but in this section
53D50 Geometric quantization
53D55 Deformation quantization, star prod-
54Bxx Basic constructions
ucts
54B05 Subspaces
53D99 None of the above, but in this section
54B10 Product spaces
54B15 Quotient spaces, decompositions
54B17 Adjunction spaces and similar construc-
53Zxx Applications to physics tions
53Z05 Applications to physics 54B20 Hyperspaces
53Z99 None of the above, but in this section 54B25 (1980) Sums, inverse limits
now .....
54B30 Categorical methods [See also 18B30]
54B35 Spectra
54-XX General topology {For the topol-
54B40 Presheaves and sheaves [See also 18F20]
ogy of manifolds of all dimensions, see
54B99 None of the above, but in this section
57Nxx}

54Cxx Maps and general types of spaces

54-00 General reference works (handbooks,
defined by maps
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
54C05 Continuous maps
54-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
54C08 Weak and generalized continuity
torial papers, etc.)
54C10 Special maps on topological spaces
54-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
(open, closed, perfect, etc.)
vey articles)
54C15 Retraction
54-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
54C20 Extension of maps
one classification number from Section
54C25 Embedding
01)
54C30 Real-valued functions [See also 26-XX]
54-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
54C35 Function spaces [See also 46Exx, 58D15]
grams (not the theory of computation or
54C40 Algebraic properties of function spaces
programming)
[See also 46J10]
54-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
54C45 C- and C -embedding
etc.
54C50 Special sets defined by functions [See
also 26A21]
54C55 Absolute neighborhood extensor, abso-
54Axx Generalities lute extensor, absolute neighborhood re-
54A05 Topological spaces and generalizations tract (ANR), absolute retract spaces
(closure spaces, etc.) (general properties) [See also 55M15]

101
54C56 Shape theory [See also 55P55, 57N25] 54E40 Special maps on metric spaces
54C60 Set-valued maps [See also 26E25, 28B20, 54E45 Compact (locally compact) metric
47H04, 58C06] spaces
54C65 Selections [See also 28B20] 54E50 Complete metric spaces
54C70 Entropy 54E52 Baire category, Baire spaces
54C99 None of the above, but in this section 54E55 Bitopologies
54E60 (1980) CW-completes, triangulable
spaces
now .....
54Dxx Fairly general properties
54E65 (1980) Countability conditions, separa-
54D05 Connected and locally connected spaces
bility
(general aspects)
now .....
54D10 Lower separation axioms (T0 T3 , etc.)
54E70 Probabilistic metric spaces
54D15 Higher separation axioms (completely
54E99 None of the above, but in this section
regular, normal, perfectly or collection-
wise normal, etc.)
54D18 (1980) Paracompactness, pointwise
paracompactness, etc. 54Fxx Special properties
now ..... 54F05 Linearly ordered topological spaces,
54D20 Noncompact covering properties (para- generalized ordered spaces, and partially
compact, Lindelof, etc.) ordered spaces [See also 06B30, 06F30]
54D25 P -minimal and P -closed spaces 54F15 Continua and generalizations
54D30 Compactness 54F20 (1980) Special types of continua
54D35 Extensions of spaces (compactifica- now 54F15
tions, supercompactifications, comple- 54F25 (1980) Peano spaces and generalizations
tions, etc.) now .....
54D40 Remainders 54F30 (1980) Cyclic elements
54D45 Local compactness, -compactness now .....
54D50 k-spaces 54F35 Higher-dimensional local connectedness
54D55 Sequential spaces [See also 55Mxx, 55Nxx]
54D60 Realcompactness and realcompactifica- 54F43 (1980) Shape theory
tion now .....
54D65 Separability 54F45 Dimension theory [See also 55M10]
54D70 Base properties 54F50 Spaces of dimension 1; curves, den-
54D80 Special constructions of spaces (spaces drites [See also 26A03]
of ultrafilters, etc.) 54F55 Unicoherence, multicoherence
54D99 None of the above, but in this section 54F60 (1980) Maps into Sn
now .....
54F62 (1980) Periodic maps
now .....
54Exx Spaces with richer structures
54F65 Topological characterizations of partic-
54E05 Proximity structures and generaliza-
ular spaces
tions
54F99 None of the above, but in this section
54E10 (1980) p-maps
now .....
54E15 Uniform structures and generalizations
54E17 Nearness spaces 54Gxx Peculiar spaces
54E18 p-spaces, M -spaces, -spaces, etc. 54G05 Extremally disconnected spaces, F-
54E20 Stratifiable spaces, cosmic spaces, etc. spaces, etc.
54E25 Semimetric spaces 54G10 P -spaces
54E30 Moore spaces 54G12 Scattered spaces
54E35 Metric spaces, metrizability 54G15 Pathological spaces

102
54G20 Counterexamples 55Axx (1970) Low-dimensional topology
54G99 None of the above, but in this section now .....
55A05 (1970) Fundamental group, presenta-
tion, free differential calculus
now .....
54Hxx Connections with other struc-
55A10 (1970) Covering spaces, brachend cover-
tures, applications
ings
54H05 Descriptive set theory (topological as-
now .....
pects of Borel, analytic, projective, etc.
55A15 (1970) Graphs and map coloring
sets) [See also 03E15, 26A21, 28A05]
now .....
54H10 Topological representations of algebraic
55A20 (1970) Two-dimensional complexes
systems [See also 22-XX]
now .....
54H11 Topological groups [See also 22A05]
55A25 (1970) Knots and links
54H12 Topological lattices, etc. [See also
now .....
06B30, 06F30]
55A30 (1970) Wild knots and surfaces, etc.
54H13 Topological fields, rings, etc. [See
now .....
also 12Jxx] {For algebraic aspects, see
55A35 (1970) Dehns Lemma, sphere theorem,
13Jxx, 16W80}
loop theorem, aspherity
54H15 Transformation groups and semigroups
now .....
[See also 20M20, 22-XX, 57Sxx]
55A40 (1970) Characterization of E3 and S3
54H20 Topological dynamics [See also 28Dxx,
(Poincare conjecture)
37Bxx]
now .....
54H25 Fixed-point and coincidence theorems
55A99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
[See also 47H10, 55M20]
tion
54H99 None of the above, but in this section
now .....

54Jxx Nonstandard topology [See also 55Bxx (1970) Homology and cohomology
03H05] theories
54J05 Nonstandard topology [See also 03H05] now 55Nxx
54J99 None of the above, but in this section 55B05 (1970) Cech types
now 55N05
55B10 (1970) Singular theory
55-XX Algebraic topology now 55N10
55B15 (1970) K-theory
now 55N15
55-00 General reference works (handbooks,
55B20 (1970) Generalized (extraordinary) ho-
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
mology and cohomology theories
55-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
now 55N20
torial papers, etc.)
55B25 (1970) Homology with local coefficients,
55-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
equivariant cohomology
vey articles)
now 55N25
55-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
55B30 (1970) Sheaf cohomology
one classification number from Section
now 55N30
01)
55B35 (1970) Other homology theories
55-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
now 55N35
grams (not the theory of computation or
55B40 (1970) Axioms for homology theory and
programming)
uniqueness theorems
55-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
now 55N40
etc.
55B45 (1970) Products and intersections
now 55N45

103
55B99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec- 55D50 (1970) Category and cocategory, etc
tion now 55M30
now 55N99 55D99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now 55P99
55Cxx (1970) Classical topics
now 55Mxx
55C05 (1970) Duality 55Exx (1970) Homotopy groups
now 55M05 now 55Qxx
55C10 (1970) Dimension theory 55E05 (1970) Homotopy groups, general; sets
now 55M10 of homotopy classes
55C15 (1970) Absolute neighborhood retracts now 55Q05
now 55M15 55E10 (1970) Stable homotopy groups
55C20 (1970) Fixed points and coincidences now 55Q10
now 55M20 55E15 (1970) Whitehead products and general-
55C25 (1970) Degree izations
now 55M25 now 55Q15
55C30 (1970) Ljusternik-Schnirelman 55E20 (1970) Homotopy groups of wedges,
(Lyusternik-Shnirelman) category joins, and simple spaces
of a space now 55Q20
now 55M30 55E25 (1970) Hopf invariants
55C35 (1970) Finite groups of transformations now 55Q25
(including Smith theory) 55E30 (1970) Homotopy groups of triads, n-ads
now 55M35 now 55Q05
55C99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec- 55E35 (1970) Operations in homotopy groups
tion now 55Q35
now 55M99 55E40 (1970) Homotopy groups of spheres
now 55Q40
55E45 (1970) Stable homotopy of spheres
now 55Q45
55Dxx (1970) Homotopy theory
55E50 (1970) J-morphism
now 55Pxx
now 55Q50
55D05 (1970) Homotopy extension properties,
55E55 (1970) Cohomotopy groups
cofibrations
now 55Q55
now 55P05
55E99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
55D10 (1970) Homotopy equivalences
tion
now 55P10
now 55Q99
55D15 (1970) Classification of homotopy type
now 55P15
55D20 (1970) Eilenberg-Mac Lane spaces
now 55P20 55Fxx (1970) Fiber spaces and bundles
55D25 (1970) Spanier-Whitehead duality now 55Rxx
now 55P25 55F05 (1970) Fiber spaces
55D30 (1970) Eckmann-Hilton duality now 55R05
now 55P30 55F10 (1970) Fiber bundles
55D35 (1970) Loop spaces now 55R10
now 55P35 55F15 (1970) Classification
55D40 (1970) Suspensions now 55R15
now 55P40 55F20 (1970) Spectral sequences and homology
55D45 (1970) H-spaces and duals of fiber spaces
now 55P35 now 55R20

104
55F25 (1970) Sphere bundles and vector space 55G37 (1970) Classification of mappings
bundles now 55S37
now 55R25 55G40 (1970) Sectioning fiber spaces and bun-
55F35 (1970) Classifying spaces of groups and dles
H-spaces now 55S40
now 55R35 55G45 (1970) Postnikov systems, k-invariants
55F40 (1970) Homology of classifying spaces, now 55S45
characteristic classes 55G99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
now 55R40 tion
55F45 (1970) Homology and homotopy of BO now 55S99
and BU; Bott periodicity
now 55R45
55F50 (1970) Stable classes of vector space bun- 55Hxx (1970) Spectral sequences
dles, K-theory now 55Txx
now 55R50 55H05 (1970) General
55F55 (1970) Fiberings with singularities now 55T05
now 55R55 55H10 (1970) Serre spectral sequences
55F60 (1970) Microbundles and block bundles now 55T10
now 55R60 55H15 (1970) Adams spectral sequences
55F65 (1970) Generalizations of fiber spaces now 55T15
and bundles 55H20 (1970) Eilenberg-Moore spectral se-
now 55R65 quences
55F99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec- now 55T20
tion 55H25 (1970) Generalized cohomology
now 55R99 now 55T25
55H99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now 55T99
55Gxx (1970) Operations and obstruc-
tions
now 55Sxx
55Jxx (1970) Applied homological algebra
55G05 (1970) Primary cohomology operations
now 55Uxx
now 55S05
55J05 (1970) Abstract complexes
55G10 (1970) Steenrod algebra
now 55U05
now 55S10
55J10 (1970) Semisimplicial complexes
55G15 (1970) Symmetric products, cyclic prod-
now 55U10
ucts
55J15 (1970) Chain complexes
now 55S15
now 55U15
55G20 (1970) Secondary and higher cohomology
55J20 (1970) Universal coefficient theorems,
operations
Bockstein operator
now 55S20
now 55U20
55G25 (1970) K-theory operations and general-
55J25 (1970) Homology of a product, K unneth
ized cohomology operations
formula
now 55S25
now 55U25
55G30 (1970) Massey products
55J30 (1970) Duality
now 55S30
now 55U30
55G35 (1970) Obstruction theory
55J99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
now 55S35
tion
55G36 (1970) Extension and compression of
now 55U99
mappings
now 55S36

105
55Mxx Classical topics {For the topology
of Euclidean spaces and manifolds, see
57Nxx}
55M05 Duality
55M10 Dimension theory [See also 54F45]
55M15 Absolute neighborhood retracts [See
also 54C55]
55M20 Fixed points and coincidences [See also
54H25]
55M25 Degree, winding number
55M30 Ljusternik-Schnirelman (Lyusternik-
Shnirelman) category of a space
55M35 Finite groups of transformations (in-
cluding Smith theory) [See also 57S17]
55M99 None of the above, but in this section
55Nxx Homology and cohomology theo-
ries [See also 57Txx]
55N05 Cech types
55N07 Steenrod-Sitnikov homologies
55N10 Singular theory
55N15 K-theory [See also 19Lxx] {For alge-
braic K-theory, see 18F25, 19-XX}
55N20 Generalized (extraordinary) homology
and cohomology theories
55N22 Bordism and cobordism theories, for-
mal group laws [See also 14L05, 19L41,
57R75, 57R77, 57R85, 57R90]
55N25 Homology with local coefficients, equiv-
ariant cohomology
55N30 Sheaf cohomology [See also 18F20,
32C35, 32L10]
55N32 Orbifold cohomology
55N33 Intersection homology and cohomology
55N34 Elliptic cohomology
55N35 Other homology theories
55N40 Axioms for homology theory and
uniqueness theorems
55N45 Products and intersections
55N91 Equivariant homology and cohomology
[See also 19L47]
55N99 None of the above, but in this section
55Pxx Homotopy theory {For simple homo-
topy type, see 57Q10}
55P05 Homotopy extension properties, cofibra-
tions
55P10 Homotopy equivalences
106
55P15 Classification of homotopy type
55P20 Eilenberg-Mac Lane spaces
55P25 Spanier-Whitehead duality
55P30 Eckmann-Hilton duality
55P35 Loop spaces
55P40 Suspensions
55P42 Stable homotopy theory, spectra
55P43 Spectra with additional structure (E ,
A , ring spectra, etc.)
55P45 H-spaces and duals
55P47 Infinite loop spaces
55P48 Loop space machines, operads [See also
18D50]
55P50 (1991) Category and cocategory, etc
now 55M30
55P50 String topology
55P55 Shape theory [See also 54C56, 55Q07]
55P57 Proper homotopy theory
55P60 Localization and completion
55P62 Rational homotopy theory
55P65 Homotopy functors
55P91 Equivariant homotopy theory [See also
19L47]
55P92 Relations between equivariant and
nonequivariant homotopy theory
55P99 None of the above, but in this section
55Qxx Homotopy groups
55Q05 Homotopy groups, general; sets of ho-
motopy classes
55Q07 Shape groups
55Q10 Stable homotopy groups
55Q15 Whitehead products and generalizations
55Q20 Homotopy groups of wedges, joins, and
simple spaces
55Q25 Hopf invariants
55Q30 (1991) Homotopy groups of triads, n-ads
now 55Q05
55Q35 Operations in homotopy groups
55Q40 Homotopy groups of spheres
55Q45 Stable homotopy of spheres
55Q50 J-morphism [See also 19L20]
55Q51 vn -periodicity
55Q52 Homotopy groups of special spaces
55Q55 Cohomotopy groups
55Q70 Homotopy groups of special types [See
also 55N05, 55N07]
55Q91 Equivariant homotopy groups [See also
19L47]
55Q99 None of the above, but in this section

55Rxx Fiber spaces and bundles [See also
18F15, 32Lxx, 46M20, 57R20, 57R22,
57R25]
55R05 Fiber spaces
55R10 Fiber bundles
55R12 Transfer
55R15 Classification
55R20 Spectral sequences and homology of
fiber spaces [See also 55Txx]
55R25 Sphere bundles and vector bundles
55R35 Classifying spaces of groups and H-
spaces
55R37 Maps between classifying spaces
55R40 Homology of classifying spaces, charac-
teristic classes [See also 57Txx, 57R20]
55R45 Homology and homotopy of BO and
BU; Bott periodicity
55R50 Stable classes of vector space bundles,
K-theory [See also 19Lxx] {For alge-
braic K-theory, see 18F25, 19-XX}
55R55 Fiberings with singularities
55R60 Microbundles and block bundles [See
also 57N55, 57Q50]
55R65 Generalizations of fiber spaces and bun-
dles
55R70 Fibrewise topology
55R80 Discriminantal varieties, configuration
spaces
55R91 Equivariant fiber spaces and bundles
[See also 19L47]
55R99 None of the above, but in this section
55S91 Equivariant operations and obstructions
[See also 19L47]
55S99 None of the above, but in this section
55Txx Spectral sequences [See also 18G40,
55R20]
55T05 General
55T10 Serre spectral sequences
55T15 Adams spectral sequences
55T20 Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequences [See
also 57T35]
55T25 Generalized cohomology
55T99 None of the above, but in this section
55Uxx Applied homological algebra and
category theory [See also 18Gxx]
55U05 Abstract complexes
55U10 Simplicial sets and complexes
55U15 Chain complexes
55U20 Universal coefficient theorems, Bock-
stein operator
55U25 Homology of a product, K unneth for-
mula
55U30 Duality
55U35 Abstract and axiomatic homotopy the-
ory
55U40 Topological categories, foundations of
homotopy theory
55U99 None of the above, but in this section

55Sxx Operations and obstructions 57-XX Manifolds and cell complexes

55S05 Primary cohomology operations {For complex manifolds, see 32Qxx}
55S10 Steenrod algebra
55S12 Dyer-Lashof operations
55S15 Symmetric products, cyclic products 57-00 General reference works (handbooks,
55S20 Secondary and higher cohomology oper- dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
ations 57-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
55S25 K-theory operations and generalized co- torial papers, etc.)
homology operations [See also 19D55, 57-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
19Lxx] vey articles)
55S30 Massey products 57-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
55S35 Obstruction theory one classification number from Section
55S36 Extension and compression of mappings 01)
55S37 Classification of mappings 57-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
55S40 Sectioning fiber spaces and bundles grams (not the theory of computation or
55S45 Postnikov systems, k-invariants programming)

107
57-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc. 57Cxx (1970) PL-topology
now 57Qxx
57C05 (1970) General topology of complexes
57Axx (1970) Topological manifolds now 57Q05
now 57Nxx 57C10 (1970) Simple homotopy type, White-
57A05 (1970) Topology of E 2 , 2-manifolds head torsion, Reidemeister-Franz tor-
now 57N05 sion, etc.
57A10 (1970) Topology of E 3 , 3-manifolds now 57Q10
now 57N10 57C15 (1970) Triangulating manifolds
57A15 (1970) Topology of E n , n-manifolds now 57Q15
(4 < n < ) 57C20 (1970) Cobordism
now 57N15 now 57Q20
57A17 (1970) Topology of topological vector 57C25 (1970) Comparison of PL-structures:
spaces classification, Hauptvermutung
now 57N17 now 57Q25
57A20 (1970) Topology of infinite-dimensional 57C30 (1970) Engulfing
manifolds now 57Q30
now 57N20 57C35 (1970) Embeddings and immersions
57A30 (1970) Engulfing now 57Q35
now 57N30 57C40 (1970) Regular neighborhoods
57A35 (1970) Embeddings and immersions now 57Q40
now 57N35 57C45 (1970) Knots and links (in high dimen-
57A40 (1970) Neighborhoods of submanifolds sions)
now 57N40 now 57Q45
57A45 (1970) Flatness and tameness 57C50 (1970) Microbundles and block bundles
now 57N45 now 57Q50
57A50 (1970) S n1 E n , Schoenflies problem 57C55 (1970) Approximations
now 57N50 now 57Q55
57A55 (1970) Microbundles 57C99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
now 57N55 tion
57A60 (1970) Cellularity now 57Q99
now 57N60
57A65 (1970) Algebraic topology of manifolds
now 57N65 57Dxx (1970) Differential topology
57A70 (1970) Cobordism and concordance now 57Rxx
now 57N70 57D05 (1970) Triangulating
57A99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec- now 57R05
tion 57D10 (1970) Smoothing
now 57N99 now 57R10
57D12 (1970) Smooth approximations
now 57R12
57Bxx (1970) Generalized manifolds 57D15 (1970) Specialized structures on mani-
now 57Pxx folds (spin manifolds, framed manifolds,
57B05 (1970) Local properties etc.)
now 57P05 now 57R15
57B10 (1970) Poincare duality spaces 57D20 (1970) Characteristic classes and num-
now 57P10 bers
57B99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec- now 57R20
tion 57D25 (1970) Vector fields, frame fields
now 57P99 now 57R25

108
57D30 (1970) Foliations 57E25 (1970) Groups acting on specific mani-
now 57R30 folds
57D35 (1970) Differentiable mappings now 57S25
now 57R35 57E30 (1970) Discontinuous groups of transfor-
57D40 (1970) Embeddings ans immersions mations
now 57R40 now 57S30
57D45 (1970) Singularities of differentiable 57E99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
mappings tion
now 57R45 now 57S99
57D50 (1970) Diffeomorphisms
now 57R50
57D55 (1970) Differentiable structures 57Fxx (1970) Homology and homotopy
now 57R55 of topological groups and related
57D60 (1970) Homotopy spheres, Poincare con- structures
jecture now 57Txx
now 57R60 57F05 (1970) Hopf algebras
57D65 (1970) Surgery and handlebodies now 57T05
now 57R65 57F10 (1970) Homology of Lie groups
57D70 (1970) Critical points and critical sub- now 57T10
manifolds 57F15 (1970) Homology of homogeneous spaces
now 57R70 of Lie groups
57D75 (1970) O- and SO-cobordism now 57T15
now 57R75 57F20 (1970) Homotopy groups of topological
57D80 (1970) h- and s-cobordism groups and homogeneous spaces
now 57R80 now 57T20
57D85 (1970) Equivariant cobordism 57F25 (1970) Homology of H-spaces
now 57R85 now 57T25
57D90 (1970) Other types of cobordism 57F30 (1970) Bar and cobar constructions
now 57R90 now 57T30
57D95 (1970) Realizing cycles by submanifolds 57F35 (1970) Applications of Eilenberg-Moore
now 57R95 spectral sequences
57D99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec- now 57T35
tion 57F99 (1970) None of the above, but in this sec-
now 57R99 tion
now 57T99

57Exx (1970) Topological transformation

groups 57Mxx Low-dimensional topology
now 57Sxx 57M05 Fundamental group, presentations, free
57E05 (1970) Topological properties of groups differential calculus
of homeomorphisms 57M07 Topological methods in group theory
now 57S05 57M10 Covering spaces
57E10 (1970) Compact groups of homeomor- 57M12 Special coverings, e.g. branched
phisms 57M15 Relations with graph theory [See also
now 57S10 05Cxx]
57E15 (1970) Compact Lie groups of differen- 57M20 Two-dimensional complexes
tiable transformations 57M25 Knots and links in S 3 {For higher di-
now 57S15 mensions, see 57Q45}
57E20 (1970) Noncompact Lie groups of trans- 57M27 Invariants of knots and 3-manifolds
formations 57M30 Wild knots and surfaces, etc., wild em-
now 57S20 beddings

109
57M35 Dehns lemma, sphere theorem, loop
theorem, asphericity
57M40 Characterizations of E 3 and S 3
(Poincare conjecture) [See also 57N12]
57M50 Geometric structures on low-
dimensional manifolds
57M60 Group actions in low dimensions
57M99 None of the above, but in this section
57Nxx Topological manifolds
57N05 Topology of E 2 , 2-manifolds
57N10 Topology of general 3-manifolds [See
also 57Mxx]
57N12 Topology of E 3 and S 3 [See also 57M40]
57N13 Topology of E 4 , 4-manifolds [See also
14Jxx, 32Jxx]
57N15 Topology of E n , n-manifolds (4 < n <
) also 55R60, 57N55]
57N16 Geometric structures on manifolds [See
also 57M50]
57N17 Topology of topological vector spaces
57N20 Topology of infinite-dimensional mani-
folds [See also 58Bxx]
57N25 Shapes [See also 54C56, 55P55, 55Q07]
57N30 Engulfing
57N35 Embeddings and immersions
57N37 Isotopy and pseudo-isotopy
57N40 Neighborhoods of submanifolds
57N45 Flatness and tameness
57N50 S n1 E n , Schoenflies problem
57N55 Microbundles and block bundles [See
also 55R60, 57Q50]
57N60 Cellularity
57N65 Algebraic topology of manifolds
57N70 Cobordism and concordance
57N75 General position and transversality
57N80 Stratifications
57N99 None of the above, but in this section
57Pxx Generalized manifolds [See also
18F15]
57P05 Local properties of generalized mani-
folds
57P10 Poincare duality spaces
57P99 None of the above, but in this section
57Qxx PL-topology
110
57Q05 General topology of complexes
57Q10 Simple homotopy type, Whitehead tor-
sion, Reidemeister-Franz torsion, etc.
[See also 19B28]
57Q12 Wall finiteness obstruction for CW-
complexes
57Q15 Triangulating manifolds
57Q20 Cobordism
57Q25 Comparison of PL-structures: classifica-
tion, Hauptvermutung
57Q30 Engulfing
57Q35 Embeddings and immersions
57Q37 Isotopy
57Q40 Regular neighborhoods
57Q45 Knots and links (in high dimensions)
{For the low-dimensional case, see
57M25}
57Q50 Microbundles and block bundles [See
57Q55 Approximations
57Q60 Cobordism and concordance
57Q65 General position and transversality
57Q91 Equivariant PL-topology
57Q99 None of the above, but in this section
57Rxx Differential topology {For foun-
dational questions of differentiable
manifolds, see 58Axx; for infinite-
dimensional manifolds, see 58Bxx}
57R05 Triangulating
57R10 Smoothing
57R12 Smooth approximations
57R15 Specialized structures on manifolds
(spin manifolds, framed manifolds, etc.)
57R17 Symplectic and contact topology
57R18 Topology and geometry of orbifolds
57R19 Algebraic topology on manifolds
57R20 Characteristic classes and numbers
57R22 Topology of vector bundles and fiber
bundles [See also 55Rxx]
57R25 Vector fields, frame fields
57R27 Controllability of vector fields on C
and real-analytic manifolds [See also
49Qxx, 37C10, 93B05]
57R30 Foliations; geometric theory
57R32 Classifying spaces for foliations;
Gelfand-Fuks cohomology [See also
58H10]
57R35 Differentiable mappings
57R40 Embeddings
57R42 Immersions 57T10 Homology and cohomology of Lie groups
57R45 Singularities of differentiable mappings 57T15 Homology and cohomology of homoge-
57R50 Diffeomorphisms neous spaces of Lie groups
57R52 Isotopy 57T20 Homotopy groups of topological groups
57R55 Differentiable structures and homogeneous spaces
57R56 Topological quantum field theories 57T25 Homology and cohomology of H-spaces
57R57 Applications of global analysis to struc- 57T30 Bar and cobar constructions [See also
tures on manifolds, Donaldson and 18G55, 55Uxx]
Seiberg-Witten invariants [See also 58- 57T35 Applications of Eilenberg-Moore spec-
XX] tral sequences [See also 55R20, 55T20]
57R58 Floer homology 57T99 None of the above, but in this section
57R60 Homotopy spheres, Poincare conjecture
57R65 Surgery and handlebodies
57R67 Surgery obstructions, Wall groups [See
also 19J25] 58-XX Global analysis, analysis on
57R70 Critical points and critical submanifolds manifolds {For geometric integration
57R75 O- and SO-cobordism theory, see 49Q15}
57R77 Complex cobordism (U- and SU-
cobordism) [See also 55N22]
58-00 General reference works (handbooks,
57R80 h- and s-cobordism
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
57R85 Equivariant cobordism
58-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
57R90 Other types of cobordism [See also
torial papers, etc.)
55N22]
58-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
57R91 Equivariant algebraic topology of mani-
vey articles)
folds
58-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
57R95 Realizing cycles by submanifolds
one classification number from Section
57R99 None of the above, but in this section
01)
58-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
57Sxx Topological transformation groups programming)
[See also 20F34, 22-XX, 37-XX, 54H15, 58-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
58D05] etc.
57S05 Topological properties of groups of
homeomorphisms or diffeomorphisms
57S10 Compact groups of homeomorphisms
58Axx General theory of differentiable
57S15 Compact Lie groups of differentiable
manifolds [See also 32Cxx]
transformations
58A03 Topos-theoretic approach to differen-
57S17 Finite transformation groups
tiable manifolds
57S20 Noncompact Lie groups of transforma-
58A05 Differentiable manifolds, foundations
tions
58A07 Real-analytic and Nash manifolds [See
57S25 Groups acting on specific manifolds
also 14P20, 32C07]
57S30 Discontinuous groups of transforma-
58A10 Differential forms
tions
58A12 de Rham theory [See also 14Fxx]
57S99 None of the above, but in this section
58A14 Hodge theory [See also 14C30, 14Fxx,
32J25, 32S35]
58A15 Exterior differential systems (Cartan
57Txx Homology and homotopy of topo- theory)
logical groups and related struc- 58A17 Pfaffian systems
tures 58A20 Jets
57T05 Hopf algebras 58A25 Currents [See also 32C30, 53C65]

111
58A30 Vector distributions (subbundles of the
tangent bundles)
58A32 Natural bundles
58A35 Stratified sets [See also 32S60]
58A40 Differential spaces
58A50 Supermanifolds and graded manifolds
[See also 14A22, 32C11]
58A99 None of the above, but in this section
58Bxx Infinite-dimensional manifolds
58B05 Homotopy and topological questions
58B10 Differentiability questions
58B12 Questions of holomorphy [See also 32-
XX, 46G20]
58B15 Fredholm structures [See also 47A53]
58B20 Riemannian, Finsler and other geomet-
ric structures [See also 53C20, 53C60]
58B25 Group structures and generalizations on
infinite-dimensional manifolds [See also
22E65, 58D05]
58B30 (1991) Noncommutative differential ge-
ometry and topology
now 58B32, 58B34
58B32 Geometry of quantum groups
58B34 Noncommutative geometry (`a la
Connes)
58B99 None of the above, but in this section
58Cxx Calculus on manifolds; nonlinear
operators [See also 46Txx, 47Hxx,
47Jxx]
58C05 Real-valued functions
58C06 Set valued and function-space valued
mappings [See also 47H04, 54C60]
58C07 Continuity properties of mappings
58C10 Holomorphic maps [See also 32-XX]
58C15 Implicit function theorems; global New-
ton methods
58C20 Differentiation theory (Gateaux,
Frechet, etc.) [See also 26Exx, 46G05]
58C25 Differentiable maps
58C27 (1991) Singularities of differentiable
maps
now 58Kxx
58C28 (1991) Catastrophes
now 58K35
58C30 Fixed point theorems on manifolds [See
also 47H10]
112
58C35 Integration on manifolds; measures on
manifolds [See also 28Cxx]
58C40 Spectral theory; eigenvalue problems
[See also 47J10, 58E07]
58C50 Analysis on supermanifolds or graded
manifolds
58C99 None of the above, but in this section
58Dxx Spaces and manifolds of map-
pings (including nonlinear versions
of 46Exx) [See also 46Txx, 53Cxx]
58D05 Groups of diffeomorphisms and homeo-
morphisms as manifolds [See also 22E65,
57S05]
58D07 Groups and semigroups of nonlinear op-
erators [See also 17B65, 47H20]
58D10 Spaces of imbeddings and immersions
58D15 Manifolds of mappings [See also 46T10,
54C35]
58D17 Manifolds of metrics (esp. Riemannian)
58D19 Group actions and symmetry properties
58D20 Measures (Gaussian, cylindrical, etc.)
on manifolds of maps [See also 28Cxx,
46T12]
58D25 Equations in function spaces; evolu-
tion equations [See also 34Gxx, 35K90,
35L90, 35R15, 37Lxx, 47Jxx]
58D27 Moduli problems for differential geomet-
ric structures
58D29 Moduli problems for topological struc-
tures
58D30 Applications (in quantum mechanics
(Feynman path integrals), relativity,
fluid dynamics, etc.)
58D99 None of the above, but in this section
58Exx Variational problems in infinite-
dimensional spaces
58E05 Abstract critical point theory (Morse
theory, Ljusternik-Schnirelman
(Lyusternik-Shnirelman) theory, etc.)
58E07 Abstract bifurcation theory
58E09 Group-invariant bifurcation theory
58E10 Applications to the theory of geodesics
(problems in one independent variable)
58E11 Critical metrics
58E12 Applications to minimal surfaces (prob-
lems in two independent variables) [See
also 49Q05]
58E15 Application to extremal problems in now 34D45, 35B41, 37B25, 37C70,
several variables; Yang-Mills functionals 37D45, 37G35, 37L25, 37L30
, etc. [See also 81T13] 58F13 (1991) Strange attractors; chaos and
58E17 Pareto optimality, etc., applications to other pathologies
economics [See also 90C29] now 34C28, 37Dxx, 37D45, 70K55
58E20 Harmonic maps , etc. [See also 53C43] 58F14 (1991) Bifurcation theory and singulari-
58E25 Applications to control theory [See also ties
49-XX, 93-XX] now 34C23, 34K18, 35B32, 37Gxx,
58E30 Variational principles 37H20, 37J20, 37K50, 37L10, 37M20,
58E35 Variational inequalities (global prob- 70K50
lems) 58F15 (1991) Hyperbolic structures (expanding
58E40 Group actions maps, Anosov systems, etc.)
58E50 Applications now 37Dxx
58E99 None of the above, but in this section 58F17 (1991) Geodesic and horocycle flows
now 37D40, 53D25
58F18 (1991) Relations with foliations
now 37C85, 57R30
58Fxx (1991) Ordinary differential equa- 58F19 (1991) Eigenvalue and spectral problems
tions on manifolds; dynamical sys- now 37C99
tems 58F20 (1991) Periodic points and zeta func-
now 28Dxx, 34Cxx, 37-XX, 54H20 tions
58F03 (1991) One-dimensional dynamics, gen- now 37C25, 37C30
eral symbolic dynamics 58F21 (1991) Limit cycles, singular points, etc.
now 37A05, 37B10, 37E05, 37E10, now 34C05, 37C25, 37C27, 37G15,
37E15, 37E20, 37E25 70K05
58F05 (1991) Hamiltonian and Lagrangian sys- 58F22 (1991) Periodic solutions
tems; symplectic geometry now 34C25, 34C27, 37G15
now 37Jxx, 37Kxx, 53Dxx, 70Hxx 58F23 (1991) Holomorphic dynamics
58F06 (1991) Geometric quantization (applica- now 30D05, 32H05, 32H04, 32H40,
tions of representation theory) 37Fxx
now 53D50, 81S10 58F25 (1991) Flows
58F07 (1991) Completely integrable systems now 37A10, 37A17, 37B99, 37C10,
(including systems with an infi- 37C55, 37C65, 37D99, 37E35, 37H99
nite number of degrees of freedom) 58F27 (1991) Quasiperiodic flows
199158F08now 37B15, 37C99, 37E99 now 37C55
Point-mapping properties, iterations, 58F30 (1991) Perturbations
completeness; dynamics of cellular now 34C29, 37J40, 37K55, 37L50,
automata 70H08, 70H09, 70K60, 70K65, 70K70
now 35Q51, 35Q53, 35Q55, 35C05, 58F32 (1991) Functional-differential equations
37J30, 37J35, 37K10, 37K15, 37K20, on manifolds
37K25, 37K30, 37K35, 37K40, 70H06 now 34K99
58F09 (1991) Morse-Smale systems 58F35 (1991) Invariance properties
now 37D15 now 34A26, 34C14, 37C80, 37G40,
58F10 (1991) Stability theory 37J15, 37K05, 37L20, 70H33
now 34Dxx, 37C75, 37D99, 37E99, 58F36 (1991) Normal forms
37H99, 37J25, 37K45, 37L15 now 34C20, 34K17, 34M35, 37G05,
58F11 (1991) Ergodic theory; invariant mea- 37J40, 37K50, 37K99, 37L10, 58K50,
sures 70K45
now 37Axx, 28Dxx 58F37 (1991) Correspondences and other
58F12 (1991) Structure of attractors (and re- transformation methods (e.g. Lie-
pellors) Backlund)

113
 now 34A25, 35A30, 35Q99, 37K35, now 58J52
58J72 58G28 (1991) Bifurcations
58F39 (1991) Dynamical systems treatment of now 58J55
PDE (should be assigned another num- 58G30 (1991) Relations with special manifold
ber from 58F) structures (Riemannian, Finsler, etc.)
now 37Kxx, 37Lxx, 47H20, 58D07, now 58J60
58D25 58G32 (1991) Diffusion processes and stochas-
58F40 (1991) Applications tic analysis on manifolds
now 37Nxx now 58J65
58F99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec- 58G35 (1991) Invariance and symmetry proper-
tion ties
now 37-XX now 58J70
58G37 (1991) Correspondences and other
transformation methods (e.g. Lie-
58Gxx (1991) Partial differential equa- Backlund)
tions on manifolds; differential op- now 58J72
erators 58G40 (1991) Applications
now 58Jxx now 58J90
58G03 (1991) Elliptic equations on manifolds, 58G99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
general theory tion
now 58J05 now 58J99
58G05 (1991) Differential complexes
now 58J10
58G07 (1991) Relations with hyperfunctions
58Hxx Pseudogroups, differentiable
now 58J15
groupoids and general structures
58G10 (1991) Index theory and related fixed-
on manifolds
point theorems
58H05 Pseudogroups and differentiable
now 58J20
groupoids [See also 22A22, 22E65]
58G11 (1991) Heat and other parabolic equation
58H10 Cohomology of classifying spaces for
methods
pseudogroup structures (Spencer,
now 58J35
Gelfand-Fuks, etc.) [See also 57R32]
58G12 (1991) Exotic index theories
58H15 Deformations of structures [See also
now 58J22
32Gxx, 58J10]
58G15 (1991) Pseudodifferential and Fourier
58H99 None of the above, but in this section
integral operators on manifolds
now 58J40
58G16 (1991) Hyperbolic equations
now 58J45 58Jxx Partial differential equations on
58G17 (1991) Propagation of singularities; ini- manifolds; differential operators
tial value problems [See also 32Wxx, 35-XX, 53Cxx]
now 58J47 58J05 Elliptic equations on manifolds, general
58G18 (1991) Perturbations; asymptotics theory [See also 35-XX]
now 58J37 58J10 Differential complexes ; elliptic com-
58G20 (1991) Boundary value problems on plexes [See also 35Nxx]
manifolds 58J15 Relations with hyperfunctions
now 58J32 58J20 Index theory and related fixed point the-
58G25 (1991) Spectral problems; spectral geom- orems [See also 19K56, 46L80]
etry; scattering theory 58J22 Exotic index theories [See also 19K56,
now 58J50, 58J53 46L05, 46L10, 46L80, 46M20]
58G26 (1991) Determinants and determinant 58J26 Elliptic genera
bundles 58J28 Eta-invariants, Chern-Simons invariants

114
58J30 Spectral flows 58K55 Asymptotic behavior
58J32 Boundary value problems on manifolds 58K60 Deformation of singularities
58J35 Heat and other parabolic equation 58K65 Topological invariants
methods 58K70 Symmetries, equivariance
58J37 Perturbations; asymptotics 58K99 None of the above, but in this section
58J40 Pseudodifferential and Fourier integral
operators on manifolds [See also 35Sxx]
58J42 Noncommutative global analysis, non-
commutative residues 58Zxx Applications to physics
58J45 Hyperbolic equations [See also 35Lxx] 58Z05 Applications to physics
58J47 Propagation of singularities; initial 58Z99 None of the above, but in this section
value problems
58J50 Spectral problems; spectral geometry;
scattering theory [See also 35Pxx] 60-XX Probability theory and stochas-
58J51 Relations between spectral theory and tic processes {For additional applica-
ergodic theory, e.g. quantum unique er- tions, see 11Kxx, 62-XX, 90-XX, 91-XX,
godicity 92-XX, 93-XX, 94-XX}
58J52 Determinants and determinant bundles,
analytic torsion
58J53 Isospectrality 60-00 General reference works (handbooks,
58J55 Bifurcation [See also 35B32] dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
58J60 Relations with special manifold struc- 60-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
tures (Riemannian, Finsler, etc.) torial papers, etc.)
58J65 Diffusion processes and stochastic anal- 60-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
ysis on manifolds [See also 35R60, vey articles)
60H10, 60J60] 60-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
58J70 Invariance and symmetry properties one classification number from Section
[See also 35A30] 01)
58J72 Correspondences and other transforma- 60-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
tion methods (e.g. Lie-Backlund) [See grams (not the theory of computation or
also 35A22] programming)
58J90 Applications 60-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
58J99 None of the above, but in this section etc.
60-08 Computational methods (not classified
at a more specific level) [See also 65C50]
58Kxx Theory of singularities and catas-
trophe theory [See also 32Sxx, 37-XX]
58K05 Critical points of functions and map- 60Axx Foundations of probability theory
pings 60A05 Axioms; other general questions
58K10 Monodromy 60A10 Probabilistic measure theory {For er-
58K15 Topological properties of mappings godic theory, see 28Dxx and 60Fxx}
58K20 Algebraic and analytic properties of 60A86 Fuzzy probability
mappings 60A99 None of the above, but in this section
58K25 Stability
58K30 Global theory
58K35 Catastrophe theory
58K40 Classification; finite determinacy of map 60Bxx Probability theory on algebraic
germs and topological structures
58K45 Singularities of vector fields, topological 60B05 Probability measures on topological
aspects spaces
58K50 Normal forms 60B10 Convergence of probability measures

115
60B11 Probability theory on linear topological 60Gxx Stochastic processes
spaces [See also 28C20] 60G05 Foundations of stochastic processes
60B12 Limit theorems for vector-valued ran- 60G07 General theory of processes
dom variables (infinite-dimensional 60G09 Exchangeability
case) 60G10 Stationary processes
60B15 Probability measures on groups, Fourier 60G12 General second-order processes
transforms, factorization 60G15 Gaussian processes
60B20 Random matrices (probabilistic as- 60G17 Sample path properties
pects; for algebraic aspects see a 60G18 Self-similar processes
href=15Bxx.html15B52/a) 60G20 Generalized stochastic processes
60B99 None of the above, but in this section 60G22 Fractional processes, including frac-
tional Brownian motion
60G25 Prediction theory [See also 62M20]
60G30 Continuity and singularity of induced
60Cxx Combinatorial probability
measures
60C05 Combinatorial probability
60G35 Applications (signal detection, filtering,
60C99 None of the above, but in this section
etc.) [See also 62M20, 93E10, 93E11,
94Axx]
60G40 Stopping times; optimal stopping prob-
60Dxx Geometric probability and lems; gambling theory [See also 62L15,
stochastic geometry [See also 91A60]
52A22, 53C65] 60G42 Martingales with discrete parameter
60D05 Geometric probability, stochastic ge- 60G44 Martingales with continuous parameter
ometry, random sets [See also 52A22, 60G45 (1970) Martingale theory
53C65] now 60G42, 60G44, 60G46, 60G48
60D99 None of the above, but in this section 60G46 Martingales and classical analysis
60G48 Generalizations of martingales
60G50 Sums of independent random variables;
60Exx Distribution theory [See also 62Exx, random walks
62Hxx] 60G51 Processes with independent increments
60E05 Distributions: general theory 60G52 Stable processes
60E07 Infinitely divisible distributions; stable 60G55 Point processes
distributions 60G57 Random measures
60E10 Characteristic functions; other trans- 60G60 Random fields
forms 60G70 Extreme value theory; extremal pro-
60E15 Inequalities; stochastic orderings cesses
60E99 None of the above, but in this section 60G99 None of the above, but in this section

60Fxx Limit theorems [See also 28Dxx,

60Hxx Stochastic analysis [See also 58J65]
60B12]
60H05 Stochastic integrals
60F05 Central limit and other weak theorems
60H07 Stochastic calculus of variations and the
60F10 Large deviations
Malliavin calculus
60F15 Strong theorems
60H10 Stochastic ordinary differential equa-
60F17 Functional limit theorems; invariance
tions [See also 34F05]
principles
60H15 Stochastic partial differential equations
60F20 Zero-one laws
[See also 35R60]
60F25 Lp -limit theorems
60H20 Stochastic integral equations
60F99 None of the above, but in this section
60H25 Random operators and equations [See
also 47B80]

116
60H30 Applications of stochastic analysis (to
PDE, etc.)
60Kxx Special processes
60H35 Computational methods for stochastic
60K05 Renewal theory
equations [See also 65C30]
60K10 Applications (reliability, demand the-
60H40 White noise theory
ory, etc.)
60H99 None of the above, but in this section
60K15 Markov renewal processes, semi-Markov
processes
60K20 Applications of Markov renewal pro-
60Jxx Markov processes cesses (reliability, queueing networks,
60J05 Markov processes with discrete parame- etc.) [See also 90Bxx]
ter 60K25 Queueing theory [See also 68M20,
60J10 Markov chains with discrete parameter 90B22]
60J15 (1991) Random walks 60K30 Applications (congestion, allocation,
now 60G50 storage, traffic, etc.) [See also 90Bxx]
60J20 Applications of discrete Markov pro- 60K35 Interacting random processes; statistical
cesses (social mobility, learning theory, mechanics type models; percolation the-
industrial processes, etc.) [See also ory [See also 82B43, 82C43]
90B30, 91D10, 91D35, 91E40] 60K37 Processes in random environments
60J22 Computational methods in Markov 60K40 Other physical applications of random
chains [See also 65C40] processes
60J25 Markov processes with continuous pa- 60K99 None of the above, but in this section
rameter
60J27 Markov chains with continuous parame-
ter
60J28 Applications of continuous-time Markov 62-XX Statistics
processes on discrete state spaces
60J30 (1991) Random with independent incre- 62-00 General reference works (handbooks,
ments dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
now 60G51 62-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
60J35 Transition functions, generators and re- torial papers, etc.)
solvents [See also 47D03, 47D07] 62-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
60J40 Right processes vey articles)
60J45 Probabilistic potential theory [See also 62-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
31Cxx, 31D05] one classification number from Section
60J50 Boundary theory 01)
60J55 Local time and additive functionals 62-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
60J57 Multiplicative functionals grams (not the theory of computation or
60J60 Diffusion processes [See also 58J65] programming)
60J65 Brownian motion [See also 58J65] 62-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
60J67 Stochastic (Schramm-)Loewner evolu- etc.
tion (SLE) 62-07 Data analysis
60J68 Superprocesses 62-09 Graphical methods
60J70 Applications of diffusion theory (pop-
ulation genetics, absorption problems,
etc.) [See also 92Dxx]
62Axx Foundational and philosophical
60J75 Jump processes
topics
60J80 Branching processes (Galton-Watson,
birth-and-death, etc.)
60J85 Applications of branching processes [See
also 92Dxx] 62A01 Foundational and philosophical
60J99 None of the above, but in this section topics

117
 62D05 Sampling theory, sample surveys
62Axx (1991) Foundations 62D99 None of the above, but in this section
now 62A01
62A05 (1991) Invariance and group considera-
tions 62Exx Distribution theory [See also 60Exx]
now 62A01 62E10 Characterization and structure theory
62A10 (1991) The likelihood approach 62E15 Exact distribution theory
now 62A01 62E17 Approximations to distributions
62A15 (1991) The Baysian approach (nonasymptotic)
now 62A01 62E20 Asymptotic distribution theory
62A20 (1991) The classical approach 62E25 (1991) Monte Carlo studies
now 62A01 now 62C05, 65C10, 65C60
62A25 (1991) The structural approach 62E30 (1991) Formal computational methods
now 62A01 now 62E99
62A30 (1991) The fiducial approach 62E86 Fuzziness in connection with the topics
now 62A01 on distributions in this section
62A86 Fuzzy analysis in statistics 62E99 None of the above, but in this section
62A99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now 62A01
62A99 None of the above, but in this section 62Fxx Parametric inference
62F03 Hypothesis testing
62F04 (1991) Small-sample properties of tests
62Bxx Sufficiency and information now 62F03
62B05 Sufficient statistics and fields 62F05 Asymptotic properties of tests
62B10 Information-theoretic topics [See also 62F07 Ranking and selection
94A17] 62F10 Point estimation
62B15 Theory of statistical experiments 62F11 (1991) Samll-sample properties of es-
62B20 (1991) Measure-theoretic results, etc. temators
now 62B05, 62B99 now 62F10
62B86 Fuzziness, sufficiency, and information 62F12 Asymptotic properties of estimators
62B99 None of the above, but in this section 62F15 Bayesian inference
62F20 (1970) Asymptotic efficiency
now .....
62F25 Tolerance and confidence regions
62Cxx Decision theory [See also 90B50,
62F30 Inference under constraints
91B06; for game theory, see 91A35]
62F35 Robustness and adaptive procedures
62C05 General considerations
62F40 Bootstrap, jackknife and other resam-
62C07 Complete class results
pling methods
62C10 Bayesian problems; characterization of
62F86 Parametric inference and fuzziness
Bayes procedures
62F99 None of the above, but in this section
62C12 Empirical decision procedures; empiri-
cal Bayes procedures
62C15 Admissibility
62C20 Minimax procedures 62Gxx Nonparametric inference
62C25 Compound decision problems 62G05 Estimation
62C86 Decision theory and fuzziness 62G07 Density estimation
62C99 None of the above, but in this section 62G08 Nonparametric regression
62G09 Resampling methods
62G10 Hypothesis testing
62Dxx Sampling theory, sample surveys 62G15 Tolerance and confidence regions

118
62G20 Asymptotic properties 62K10 Block designs
62G25 (1980) Quick and easy methods 62K15 Factorial designs
now ..... 62K20 Response surface designs
62G30 Order statistics; empirical distribution 62K25 Robust parameter designs
functions 62K86 Fuzziness and design of experiments
62G32 Statistics of extreme values; tail infer- 62K99 None of the above, but in this section
ence
62G35 Robustness
62G86 Nonparametric inference and fuzziness 62Lxx Sequential methods
62G99 None of the above, but in this section 62L05 Sequential design
62L10 Sequential analysis
62L12 Sequential estimation
62Hxx Multivariate analysis [See also 62L15 Optimal stopping [See also 60G40,
60Exx] 91A60]
62H05 Characterization and structure theory 62L20 Stochastic approximation
62H10 Distribution of statistics 62L86 Fuzziness and sequential methods
62H11 Directional data; spatial statistics 62L99 None of the above, but in this section
62H12 Estimation
62H15 Hypothesis testing
62H17 Contingency tables 62Mxx Inference from stochastic pro-
62H20 Measures of association (correlation, cesses
canonical correlation, etc.) 62M02 Markov processes: hypothesis testing
62H25 Factor analysis and principal compo- 62M05 Markov processes: estimation
nents; correspondence analysis 62M07 Non-Markovian processes: hypothesis
62H30 Classification and discrimination; clus- testing
ter analysis [See also 68T10] 62M09 Non-Markovian processes: estimation
62H35 Image analysis 62M10 Time series, auto-correlation, regres-
62H40 (1991) Projection pursuit sion, etc. [See also 91B84]
now 62H99 62M15 Spectral analysis
62H86 Multivariate analysis and fuzziness 62M20 Prediction [See also 60G25]; filtering
62H99 None of the above, but in this section [See also 60G35, 93E10, 93E11]
62M30 Spatial processes
62M40 Random fields; image analysis
62M45 Neural nets and related approaches
62Jxx Linear inference, regression 62M86 Inference from stochastic processes and
62J02 General nonlinear regression fuzziness
62J05 Linear regression 62M99 None of the above, but in this section
62J07 Ridge regression; shrinkage estimators
62J10 Analysis of variance and covariance
62J12 Generalized linear models
62J15 Paired and multiple comparisons 62Nxx Survival analysis and censored
62J20 Diagnostics data
62J86 Fuzziness, and linear inference and re- 62N01 Censored data models
gression 62N02 Estimation
62J99 None of the above, but in this section 62N03 Testing
62N05 Reliability and life testing [See also
90B25]
62N10 (1991) Quality control
62Kxx Design of experiments [See also now 62P30
05Bxx] 62N86 Fuzziness, and survival analysis and cen-
62K05 Optimal designs sored data

119
62N99 None of the above, but in this section
62Pxx Applications [See also 90-XX, 91-XX,
92-XX]
62P05 Applications to actuarial sciences and fi-
nancial mathematics
62P10 Applications to biology and medical sci-
ences
62P12 Applications to environmental and re-
lated topics
62P15 Applications to psychology
62P20 Applications to economics [See also
91Bxx]
62P25 Applications to social sciences
62P30 Applications in engineering and indus-
try
62P35 Applications to physics
62P99 None of the above, but in this section
62Qxx Statistical tables
62Q05 Statistical tables
62Q99 None of the above, but in this section
65-XX Numerical analysis
65Bxx Acceleration of convergence
65B05 Extrapolation to the limit, deferred cor-
rections
65B10 Summation of series
65B15 Euler-Maclaurin formula
65B20 (1980) Poisson formula, etc.
now .....
65B99 None of the above, but in this section
65Cxx Probabilistic methods, simulation
and stochastic differential equa-
tions {For theoretical aspects, see
68U20 and 60H35}
65C05 Monte Carlo methods
65C10 Random number generation
65C20 Models, numerical methods [See also
68U20]
65C30 Stochastic differential and integral equa-
tions
65C35 Stochastic particle methods [See also
82C80]
65C40 Computational Markov chains
65C50 Other computational problems in prob-
ability
65C60 Computational problems in statistics
65C99 None of the above, but in this section

65-00 General reference works (handbooks,

dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) 65Dxx Numerical approximation and
65-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- computational geometry {Primarily
torial papers, etc.) algorithms; for theory, see 41-XX and
65-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- 68Uxx}
vey articles) 65D05 Interpolation
65-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least 65D07 Splines
one classification number from Section 65D10 Smoothing, curve fitting
01) 65D15 Algorithms for functional approxima-
65-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- tion
grams (not the theory of computation or 65D17 Computer aided design (modeling of
programming) curves and surfaces) [See also 68U07]
65-05 Experimental papers 65D18 Computer graphics and computational
65-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, geometry [See also 51N05, 68U05]
etc. 65D19 Computational issues in computer and
robotic vision
65D20 Computation of special functions, con-
struction of tables [See also 33F05]
65Axx Tables 65D25 Numerical differentiation
65A05 Tables 65D30 Numerical integration
65A99 None of the above, but in this section 65D32 Quadrature and cubature formulas

120
65D99 None of the above, but in this section
65Exx Numerical methods in complex
analysis (potential theory, etc.)
{For numerical methods in conformal
mapping, see also 30C30}
65E05 Numerical methods in complex analy-
sis (potential theory, etc.) {For numer-
ical methods in conformal mapping, see
30Cxx}
65E99 None of the above, but in this section
65Fxx Numerical linear algebra
65F05 Direct methods for linear systems and
matrix inversion
65F08 Preconditioners for iterative methods
65F10 Iterative methods for linear systems [See
also 65N22]
65F15 Eigenvalues, eigenvectors
65F18 Inverse eigenvalue problems
65F20 Overdetermined systems, pseudoin-
verses
65F22 Ill-posedness, regularization
65F25 Orthogonalization
65F30 Other matrix algorithms
65F35 Matrix norms, conditioning, scaling [See
also 15A12, 15A60]
65F40 Determinants
65F50 Sparse matrices
65F60 Matrix exponential and similar matrix
functions
65F99 None of the above, but in this section
65Gxx Error analysis and interval analy-
sis
65G05 (1991) Roundoff error
now 65G50
65G10 (1991) Intervall and finite arithmetic
now 65G20, 65G30,65G40
65G20 Algorithms with automatic result verifi-
cation
65G30 Interval and finite arithmetic
65G40 General methods in interval analysis
65G50 Roundoff error
65G99 None of the above, but in this section
121
65Hxx Nonlinear algebraic or transcen-
dental equations
65H04 Roots of polynomial equations
65H05 Single equations
65H10 Systems of equations
65H15 (1980) Eigenvalues, eigenvectors
now 65H17
65H17 Eigenvalues, eigenvectors [See also
47Hxx, 47Jxx, 58C40, 58E07, 90C30]
65H20 Global methods, including homotopy
approaches [See also 58C30, 90C30]
65H99 None of the above, but in this section
65Jxx Numerical analysis in abstract
spaces
65J05 (1970) Numerical analysis in abstract
spaces
now 65Jxx
65J05 General theory
65J08 Abstract evolution equations
65J10 Equations with linear operators (do not
use 65Fxx)
65J15 Equations with nonlinear operators (do
not use 65Hxx)
65J20 Improperly posed problems; regulariza-
tion
65J22 Inverse problems
65J99 None of the above, but in this section
65Kxx Mathematical programming, op-
timization and variational tech-
niques
65K05 (1970) Mathematical programming and
optimization techniques
now 65Kxx
65K05 Mathematical programming
{Algorithms; for theory see 90Cxx}
65K10 Optimization and variational techniques
[See also 49Mxx, 93B40]
65K15 Numerical methods for variational in-
equalities and related problems
65K99 None of the above, but in this section
65Lxx Ordinary differential equations
65L03 Functional-differential equations
65L04 Stiff equations
65L05 Initial value problems 65M75 Probabilistic methods, particle meth-
65L06 Multistep, Runge-Kutta and extrapola- ods, etc.
tion methods 65M80 Fundamental solutions, Greens func-
65L07 Numerical investigation of stability of tion methods, etc.
solutions 65M85 Fictitious domain methods
65L08 Improperly posed problems 65M99 None of the above, but in this section
65L09 Inverse problems
65L10 Boundary value problems
65L11 Singularly perturbed problems 65Nxx Partial differential equations,
65L12 Finite difference methods boundary value problems
65L15 Eigenvalue problems 65N05 (1980) Derivation of finite difference ap-
65L20 Stability and convergence of numerical proximation
methods now 65N06
65L50 Mesh generation and refinement 65N06 Finite difference methods
65L60 Finite elements, Rayleigh-Ritz, Galerkin 65N08 Finite volume methods
and collocation methods 65N10 (1980) Stabililty and convergence of dif-
65L70 Error bounds ference methods
65L80 Methods for differential-algebraic equa- now 65N12
tions 65N12 Stability and convergence of numerical
65L99 None of the above, but in this section methods
65N15 Error bounds
65N20 (1980) Solution of difference equations
now .....
65Mxx Partial differential equations, ini- 65N20 Ill-posed problems
tial value and time-dependent 65N21 Inverse problems
initial-boundary value problems 65N22 Solution of discretized equations [See
65M05 (1980) Derivation of finite difference ap- also 65Fxx, 65Hxx]
proximation 65N25 Eigenvalue problems
now 65M06 65N30 Finite elements, Rayleigh-Ritz and
65M06 Finite difference methods Galerkin methods, finite methods
65M08 Finite volume methods 65N35 Spectral, collocation and related meth-
65M10 (1980) Stability and convergence of dif- ods
ference methods 65N38 Boundary element methods
now 65M12 65N40 Method of lines
65M12 Stability and convergence of numerical 65N45 Method of contraction of the boundary
methods 65N50 Mesh generation and refinement
65M15 Error bounds 65N55 Multigrid methods; domain decomposi-
65M20 Method of lines tion
65M22 Solution of discretized equations [See 65N75 Probabilistic methods, particle meth-
also 65Fxx, 65Hxx] ods, etc.
65M25 Method of characteristics 65N80 Fundamental solutions, Greens func-
65M30 Improperly posed problems tion methods, etc.
65M32 Inverse problems 65N85 Fictitious domain methods
65M38 Boundary element methods 65N99 None of the above, but in this section
65M50 Mesh generation and refinement
65M55 Multigrid methods; domain decomposi-
tion 65Pxx Numerical problems in dynamical
65M60 Finite elements, Rayleigh-Ritz and systems [See also 37Mxx]
Galerkin methods, finite methods 65P05 (1991) Partial differential equations,
65M70 Spectral, collocation and related meth- miscellaneous problems
ods now 65M99, 65N99, 65Z05

122
65P10 Hamiltonian systems including symplec- 65U05 (1991) Numerical methods in prob-
tic integrators ability and statistics
65P20 Numerical chaos now 65Cxx, 65C30,65C40, 65C50,
65P30 Bifurcation problems 65C60
65P40 Nonlinear stabilities
65P99 None of the above, but in this section

65V05 (1980) Automated algorithms

now .....
65Qxx Difference and functional equa-
tions, recurrence relations
65Q05 (2000) Difference and functional equa-
tions, recurrence relations 65Yxx Computer aspects of numerical al-
now 65Q10, 65Q20, 65Q30 gorithms
65Q10 Difference equations 65Y04 Algorithms for computer arithmetic,
65Q20 Functional equations etc. [See also 68M07]
65Q30 Recurrence relations 65Y05 Parallel computation
65Q99 None of the above, but in this section 65Y10 Algorithms for specific classes of archi-
tectures
65Y15 Packaged methods
65Y20 Complexity and performance of numer-
65Rxx Integral equations, integral trans- ical algorithms [See also 68Q25]
forms 65Y25 (1991) Computer graphics and computa-
65R10 Integral transforms tional geometry
65R20 Integral equations now 65D18
65R30 Improperly posed problems 65Y99 None of the above, but in this section
65R32 Inverse problems
65R99 None of the above, but in this section

65Zxx Applications to physics

65Z05 Applications to physics
65Sxx Graphical methods
65Z99 None of the above, but in this section
65S05 Graphical methods
65S99 None of the above, but in this section

68-XX Computer science {For papers in-

65Txx Numerical methods in Fourier volving machine computations and pro-
analysis grams in a specific mathematical area,
65T05 (1980) Harmonic analysis and synthesis see Section -04 in that area}
now .....
65T10 (1991) Trigonometric approximation
68-00 General reference works (handbooks,
and interpolation
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
now 65T40
68-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
65T20 (1991) Discrete and fast Fourier trans-
torial papers, etc.)
forms
68-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
now 65T50, 65T60
vey articles)
65T40 Trigonometric approximation and inter-
68-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
polation
one classification number from Section
65T50 Discrete and fast Fourier transforms
01)
65T60 Wavelets
68-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
65T99 None of the above, but in this section
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)

123
68-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, 68Cxx (1980) Metatheory (excluding au-
etc. tomata)
now 68Qxx
68C01 (1980) Formal systems
68A05 (1980) Computers and computer now 68Q45
systems 68C05 (1980) Algorithms
now 68Mxx now 68Wxx
68A05 (1970) Programming theory 68C15 (1980) Queueing scheduling
now ..... now 68M20
68A10 (1970) Algorithms 68C20 (1980) Symbolic computation, algebraic
now 68Wxx computation
68A15 (1970) Symbolic computation now 68W30
now 68W30 68C25 (1980) Computational complexity and
68A20 (1970) Computational complexity and efficiency of algorithms
efficiency now 68Q25
now ..... 68C30 (1980) Computable functions, unsolv-
68A25 (1970) Automata theory ability
now 68Qxx now .....
68A30 (1970) Linguistics, formal language 68C40 (1980) Turing machines, abstract pro-
now 68T50 cessors
68A35 (1970) Adaptive systems now 68Q05
now 68T05 68C99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
68A40 (1970) Theorem proving tion
now 68T15 now 68Q99
68A45 (1970) Artificial intelligence, pattern
recognition
now 68Txx, 68T10
68A50 (1970) Information retrieval 68Dxx (1980) Automata
now 68P20 now 68Qxx
68A55 (1970) Simulation 68D05 (1980) General theory
now 68U20 now 68Q45
68D15 (1980) Linear automata, sequential ma-
chines
now .....
68Bxx (1980) Software
68D20 (1980) Tessellation automata, iterative
now 68Nxx
arrays, cellular structure
68B05 (1980) General theory of programming
now .....
now 68N01
68D25 (1980) Stochastic and nondeterministic
68B10 (1980) Analysis of programs (schemata,
automata
semantics, correctness, etc.)
now 68Q45
now 68N01
68D27 (1980) Playing automata, learning au-
68B15 (1980) Theory of data (filing, etc.)
tomata
now 68Pxx
now 68Q32
68B20 (1980) Supervisory systems, processing
68D30 (1980) Algebraic theory of automata
(serial, parallel, multi, structured, time-
now 68Q45
sharing operating systems)
68D35 (1980) Other types of automata
now .....
now .....
68B99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
68D37 (1980) Decompositon theory
tion
now .....
now .....
68D40 (1980) Reduction problems
now .....

124
68D45 (1980) Realizable functions and regular 68G15 (1980) Theorem proving
events now 68T15
now ..... 68G20 (1980) Problem solving
68D50 (1980) Experiments, state-assignments now 68T20
now ..... 68G99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
68D90 (1980) Transition nets tion
now 68Q85 now 68T99
68D99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now .....
68H05 (1980) Information retrieval
now 68P20

68Exx (1980) Discrete mathematics

now 68Rxx
68Jxx (1980) Simulation
68E05 (1980) Sorting, searching
now 68U20
now 68P10
68J05 (1980) Simulation (analogy, hybrid,
68E10 (1980) Graph theory
etc.)
now 68R10
now 68U20
68E99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
68J10 (1980) Modeling
tion
now 68U20
now 68R99
68J99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now 68U20
68Fxx (1980) Linguistics
now 68T50
68F05 (1980) Formal languages, grammars
68K05 (1980) Miscellaneous application
now 68T50
of computers
68F10 (1980) Automata in connection with lan-
now .....
guages
now 68T50
68F15 (1980) Stochastic models
now 68T50 68Mxx Computer system organization
68F20 (1980) Semantics 68M01 General
now 68T50 68M05 (1991) General
68F25 (1980) Parsing now 68M01
now 68T50 68M07 Mathematical problems of computer ar-
68F30 (1980) Translation of natural languages chitecture
now 68T50 68M10 Network design and communication [See
68F99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec- also 90B18, 68R10]
tion 68M11 Internet topics [See also 68U35]
now 68T50 68M12 Network protocols
68M14 Distributed systems
68M15 Reliability, testing and fault tolerance
[See also 94C12]
68Gxx (1980) Artificial intelligence
68M20 Performance evaluation; queueing;
now 68Txx
scheduling [See also 60K25, 90Bxx]
68G05 (1980) Learning and adaptive systems
68M99 None of the above, but in this section
now 68T05
68G10 (1980) Pattern recognition, speech recog-
nition
now 68T10 68Nxx Software

125
68N01 General
68N05 (1991) General theory of programming
now 68N01
68N15 Programming languages
68N17 Logic programming
68N18 Functional programming and lambda
calculus [See also 03B40]
68N19 Other programming techniques (object-
oriented, sequential, concurrent, auto-
matic, etc.)
68N20 Compilers and interpreters
68N25 Operating systems
68N30 Mathematical aspects of software engi-
neering (specification, verification, met-
rics, requirements, etc.)
68N99 None of the above, but in this section
68Pxx Theory of data
68P01 General
68P05 Data structures
68P10 Searching and sorting
68P15 Database theory
68P20 Information storage and retrieval
68P25 Data encryption [See also 94A60, 81P68]
68P30 Coding and information theory (com-
paction, compression, models of commu-
nication, encoding schemes, etc.) [See
also 94Axx]
68P99 None of the above, but in this section
68Qxx Theory of computing
68Q01 General
68Q05 Models of computation (Turing ma-
chines, etc.) [See also 03D10, 81P68]
68Q10 Modes of computation (nondeterminis-
tic, parallel, interactive, probabilistic,
etc.) [See also 68Q85]
68Q12 Quantum algorithms and complexity
[See also 68Q05, 81P68]
68Q15 Complexity classes (hierarchies, rela-
tions among complexity classes, etc.)
[See also 03D15, 68Q17, 68Q19]
68Q17 Computational difficulty of problems
(lower bounds, completeness, difficulty
of approximation, etc.) [See also 68Q15]
68Q19 Descriptive complexity and finite mod-
els [See also 03C13]
68Q20 (1991) Nonumerical algorithms
now 68W01, 68W05, 68W20, 68W25
126
68Q22 (1991) Parallel and distributes algo-
rithms
now 68W10, 68W15
68Q25 Analysis of algorithms and problem
complexity [See also 68W40]
68Q30 Algorithmic information theory (Kol-
mogorov complexity, etc.)
68Q32 Computational learning theory [See also
68T05]
68Q35 (1991) VLS1 algorithms
now 68W35
68Q40 (1991) Symbolic computation, algebraic
computation
now 68W30
68Q42 Grammars and rewriting systems
68Q45 Formal languages and automata [See
also 03D05, 68Q70, 94A45]
68Q50 (1991) Grammars
now 68Q42, 68Q45
68Q52 (1991) Parsing
now 68N20
68Q55 Semantics [See also 03B70, 06B35,
18C50]
68Q60 Specification and verification (program
logics, model checking, etc.) [See also
03B70]
68Q65 Abstract data types; algebraic specifica-
tion [See also 18C50]
68Q68 (1991) Automata theory, general
now 68Q45
68Q70 Algebraic theory of languages and au-
tomata [See also 18B20, 20M35]
68Q75 (1991) Stochastic and nondeterministic
automata
now 68Q45
68Q80 Cellular automata [See also 37B15]
68Q85 Models and methods for concurrent and
distributed computing (process alge-
bras, bisimulation, transition nets, etc.)
68Q87 Probability in computer science (al-
gorithm analysis, random structures,
phase transitions, etc.) [See also 68W20,
68W40]
68Q90 (1991) Transition nets
now 68Q85
68Q99 None of the above, but in this section
68Rxx Discrete mathematics in relation
to computer science
68R01 General
68R05 Combinatorics
68R10 Graph theory [See also 05Cxx, 90B10,
90B35, 90C35]
68R15 Combinatorics on words
68R99 None of the above, but in this section
68S05 (1991) Mathematical linguistics
now 68T50
68Txx Artificial intelligence
68T01 General
68T05 Learning and adaptive systems [See also
68Q32, 91E40]
68T10 Pattern recognition, speech recognition
{For cluster analysis, see 62H30}
68T15 Theorem proving (deduction, resolu-
tion, etc.) [See also 03B35]
68T20 Problem solving (heuristics, search
strategies, etc.)
68T25 (1991) AI languages
now 68T35
68T27 Logic in artificial intelligence
68T30 Knowledge representation
68T35 Languages and software systems
(knowledge-based systems, expert
systems, etc.)
68T37 Reasoning under uncertainty
68T40 Robotics [See also 93C85]
68T42 Agent technology
68T45 Machine vision and scene understanding
68T50 Natural language processing [See also
03B65]
68T99 None of the above, but in this section
68Uxx Computing methodologies and
applications
68U01 General
68U05 Computer graphics; computational ge-
ometry [See also 65D18]
68U07 Computer-aided design [See also 65D17]
68U10 Image processing
68U15 Text processing; mathematical typogra-
phy
68U20 Simulation [See also 65Cxx]
68U30 (1991) Other applications
now 68U99
127
68U35 Information systems (hypertext naviga-
tion, interfaces, decision support, etc.)
68U99 None of the above, but in this section
68Wxx Algorithms {For numerical algo-
rithms, see 65-XX; for combinatorics
and graph theory, see 68Rxx}
68W01 General
68W05 Nonnumerical algorithms
68W10 Parallel algorithms
68W15 Distributed algorithms
68W20 Randomized algorithms
68W25 Approximation algorithms
68W27 Online algorithms
68W30 Symbolic computation and algebraic
computation [See also 11Yxx, 12Y05,
13Pxx, 14Qxx, 16Z05, 17-08, 33F10]
68W32 Algorithms on strings
68W35 VLSI algorithms
68W40 Analysis of algorithms [See also 68Q25]
68W99 None of the above, but in this section
70-XX Mechanics of particles and sys-
tems {For relativistic mechanics, see
83A05 and 83C10; for statistical me-
chanics, see 82-XX}
70-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
70-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
70-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
70-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
70-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
70-05 Experimental work
70-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
70-08 Computational methods
70Axx Axiomatics, foundations
70A05 Axiomatics, foundations
70A99 None of the above, but in this section 70E60 Robot dynamics and control [See also
68T40, 70Q05, 93C85]
70E99 None of the above, but in this section
70Bxx Kinematics [See also 53A17]
70B05 Kinematics of a particle
70B10 Kinematics of a rigid body 70Fxx Dynamics of a system of particles,
70B15 Mechanisms, robots [See also 68T40, including celestial mechanics
70Q05, 93C85] 70F05 Two-body problems
70B99 None of the above, but in this section 70F07 Three-body problems
70F10 n-body problems
70F15 Celestial mechanics
70F16 Collisions in celestial mechanics, regu-
70Cxx Statics
larization
70C05 (1980) Force, fields
70F17 Inverse problems
now 70Cxx
70F20 Holonomic systems
70C10 (1980) potential energy
70F25 Nonholonomic systems
now 70Cxx
70F30 (1991) Impulse motion
70C20 Statics
now 34A37, 70F35m 70F99
70C99 None of the above, but in this section
70F35 Collision of rigid or pseudo-rigid bodies
70F40 Problems with friction
70F45 Infinite particle systems
70Dxx (1991) Dynamics of a particle 70F99 None of the above, but in this section
now 70Fxx, 70Kxx
70D05 (1991) Newtonian dynamics
now 70F99, 70K99
70Gxx General models, approaches, and
70D10 (1991) Lagrangian dynamics
methods [See also 37-XX]
now 70H03, 70K99
70G05 (1991) Riemannian geometry, tensorial
70D99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
methods
tion
now 37J05, 70G45, 53C80, 53Dxx
now 70F99
70G10 Generalized coordinates; event,
impulse-energy, configuration, state, or
phase space
70Exx Dynamics of a rigid body and of 70G15 (1991) Space of events
multibody systems now 70G10
70E05 Motion of the gyroscope 70G20 (1991) Impulse-energy space
70E10 (1991) Motion of projectiles and rockets now 37J05, 70G10
now 70E15, 70M20, 70P05 70G25 (1991) Configuration space
70E15 Free motion of a rigid body [See also now 37J05, 70G10
70M20] 70G30 (1991) State space
70E17 Motion of a rigid body with a fixed point now 70G10
70E18 Motion of a rigid body in contact with 70G35 (1991) Phase state
a solid surface [See also 70F25] now 37J05, 53D99, 70G10
70E20 Perturbation methods for rigid body dy- 70G40 Topological and differential-topological
namics methods
70E25 (1980) Poisson method 70G45 Differential-geometric methods (tensors,
now 70G45 connections, symplectic, Poisson, con-
70E40 Integrable cases of motion tact, Riemannian, nonholonomic, etc.)
70E45 Higher-dimensional generalizations [See also 53Cxx, 53Dxx, 58Axx]
70E50 Stability problems 70G50 (1991) Classical field theories (general)
70E55 Dynamics of multibody systems now 70Sxx, 78A25, 81T13

128
70G55 Algebraic geometry methods 70J20 (1980) Nonconservative systems
70G60 Dynamical systems methods now .....
70G65 Symmetries, Lie-group and Lie-algebra 70J25 Stability
methods 70J30 Free motions
70G70 Functional-analytic methods 70J35 Forced motions
70G75 Variational methods 70J40 Parametric resonances
70G99 None of the above, but in this section 70J50 Systems arising from the discretization
of structural vibration problems
70J99 None of the above, but in this section
70Hxx Hamiltonian and Lagrangian me-
chanics [See also 37Jxx]
70H03 Lagranges equations 70Kxx Nonlinear dynamics [See also
70H05 Hamiltons equations 34Cxx, 37-XX]
70H06 Completely integrable systems and 70K05 Phase plane analysis, limit cycles
methods of integration 70K10 (1991) Limit cycles
70H07 Nonintegrable systems now 34C05, 70K05
70H08 Nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems, 70K15 (1991) Lyapunov theorems
KAM theory now 34D20, 37J25, 70K20
70H09 Perturbation theories 70K20 Stability
70H10 (1991) Liouvilles theorem 70K25 Free motions
now 37J05, 70G10, 70H05 70K28 Parametric resonances
70H11 Adiabatic invariants 70K30 Nonlinear resonances
70H12 Periodic and almost periodic solutions 70K40 Forced motions
70H14 Stability problems 70K42 Equilibria and periodic trajectories
70H15 Canonical and symplectic transforma- 70K43 Quasi-periodic motions and invariant
tions tori
70H20 Hamilton-Jacobi equations 70K44 Homoclinic and heteroclinic trajectories
70H25 Hamiltons principle 70K45 Normal forms
70H30 Other variational principles 70K50 Bifurcations and instability bis 1991:
70H33 Symmetries and conservation laws, re- Transition to stochasticity (chaotic be-
verse symmetries, invariant manifolds havior)
and their bifurcations, reduction 70K55 Transition to stochasticity (chaotic be-
70H35 (1991) Lagranges equation of motion havior) [See also 37D45]
now 37Jxx, 70H03 70K60 General perturbation schemes
70H40 Relativistic dynamics 70K65 Averaging of perturbations
70H45 Constrained dynamics, Diracs theory 70K70 Systems with slow and fast motions
of constraints [See also 70F20, 70F25, 70K75 Nonlinear modes
70Gxx] 70K99 None of the above, but in this section
70H50 Higher-order theories
70H99 None of the above, but in this section
70Lxx Random vibrations [See also 74H50]
70L05 Random vibrations [See also 74H50]
70Jxx Linear vibration theory 70L99 None of the above, but in this section
70J05 (1991) Finite degree of freedom systems
now 70Jxx
70J10 Modal analysis 70Mxx Orbital mechanics
70J10 (1980) Normal modes of vibrations 70M05 (1980) Satellite problems
now ..... now 70Mxx
70J15 (1980) Conservative systems 70M10 (1980) Orbital stability
now ..... now 70Mxx

129
70M20 Orbital mechanics 73-06 (1991) Proceedings, conferences, collec-
70M99 None of the above, but in this section tions, etc.
now 74-06

70Pxx Variable mass, rockets

70P05 Variable mass, rockets 73A05 (1991) Axiomatics, foundations of
70P99 None of the above, but in this section solid mechanics
now 74Axx

70Qxx Control of mechanical systems [See

also 60Gxx, 60Jxx] 73Bxx (1991) Continuum mechanics of
70Q05 Control of mechanical systems solids (constitutive description and
70Q99 None of the above, but in this section properties)
now 74Axx
73B05 (1991) Constitutive equations
70Sxx Classical field theories [See also now 74A20, 74C99, 74D05, 74D10,
37Kxx, 37Lxx, 78-XX, 81Txx, 83-XX] 74Q15
70S05 Lagrangian formalism and Hamiltonian 73B10 (1991) Symmetry groups
formalism now 74A99, 74E10, 74E15
70S10 Symmetries and conservation laws 73B15 (1980) Rotational groups
70S15 Yang-Mills and other gauge theories now .....
70S20 More general nonquantum field theories 73B18 (1991) Nonlocal theories
70S99 None of the above, but in this section now 74A30
73B20 (1980) Simple materials
now .....
73B25 (1991) Polar theories
73-XX Mechanics of solids now 74A35
This section has been deleted. [See now 73B27 (1991) Nonhomogeneous materials; ho-
74-XX] mogenization
now 35B27, 74A40, 74E05, 74Qxx,
78A48, 78M40
73-00 (1991) General reference works (hand- 73B30 (1991) Thermodynamics of solids
books, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) now 74A15, 74A50, 74A65, 74F05,
now 74-00 74Nxx
73-01 (1991) Instructional exposition (text- 73B35 (1991) Random materials
books, tutorial papers, etc.) now 74A40, 74E35, 82D30
now 74-01 73B40 (1991) Anisotropic materials
73-02 (1991) Research exposition (mono- now 74E10
graphs, survey articles) 73B50 (1991) Stress concentrations
now 74-02 now 74A10, 74G70, 74H35
73-03 (1991) Historical (must also be assigned 73B99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
at least one classification number from tion
Section 01) now 74A99, 74D99, 74E99
now 74-03
73-04 (1991) Explicit machine computation
and programs (not the theory of compu-
tation or programming) 73Cxx (1991) Elasticity
now 74-04 now 74Bxx, 74Gxx, 74Hxx
73-05 (1991) Experimental papers 73C02 (1991) Classical linear elasticity
now 74-05 now 74B05, 74Gxx, 74Hxx

130
73C03 (1980) Complex variable techniques 73D99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
now ..... tion
73C05 (1991) Stress functions now 74H99, 74J99
now 74A10, 74B10
73C10 (1991) Saint-Venants principle
now 74G50 73Exx (1991) Plasticity
73C15 (1991) Uniqueness theorems now 74Cxx
now 74G30, 74H25 73E05 (1991) Constitutive specifications (yield
73C20 (1980) Strain energy methods criteria, flow rules, hardening, soften-
now 74Cxx ing)
73C25 (1980) Thermal stress problems now 74C99
now 74F05 73E10 (1991) Method of successive approxima-
73C30 (1980) Anisotropic bodies tions
now 74E10 now 74C99, 74S30
73C35 (1991) Mixed boundary value problems 73E15 (1980) Spli-line theory
now 74Bxx, 74Gxx, 74Hxx now .....
73C40 (1980) Nonhomogeneous bodies and in- 73E20 (1991) Limit analysis
clusions now 74C99, 74R20
now ..... 73E25 (1980) Creep
73C45 (1980) Stress concentration now .....
now 74G70, 74H35 73E50 (1991) Time-dependent problems
73C50 (1991) Nonlinear elasticity now 74C99, 74H99
now 74B20, 74G99, 74H99 73E60 (1991) Viscoplasticity
73C99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec- now 74C10
tion 73E70 (1991) Plastic waves
now 74B99, 74G99, 74H99 now 74C99, 74H99, 74J99
73E99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
73Dxx (1991) Wave propagation in and now 74C99
vibrations of solids
now 73Hxx, 73Jxx
73D05 (1991) Impact and explosion problems 73Fxx (1991) Viscoelasticity
now 74J40, 74M20 now 74Dxx
73D10 (1991) Integral transforms 73F05 (1991) Creep and relaxation functions
now 74H99, 74S30 now 74D05, 74D10
73D15 (1991) Body waves 73F10 (1991) Correspondence principle
now 74H99, 74J10 now 74D99
73D20 (1991) Surface waves 73F15 (1991) Time-dependent problems
now 74H99, 74J15 now 74Dxx, 74H99
73D25 (1991) Wave diffraction and dispersion 73F20 (1991) Aging of materials
now 74H99, 74J20 now 74D99
73D30 (1991) Linear vibrations 73F25 (1991) Environmental-dependent mate-
now 74H45, 74H50, 74K99 rials
73D35 (1991) Nonlinear vibrations now 74D99
now 74H45, 74H50, 74K99 73F99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
73D40 (1991) Singular surfaces tion
now 74H99, 74J40, 74J99 now 74D99
73D50 (1991) Inverse problems 73Gxx (1991) Finite deformations
now 34A55, 35R30, 74J25 now 74B20, 74C15, 74C20, 74D10
73D70 (1991) Random waves 73G05 (1991) Finite elasticity
now 74H50, 74J99 now 74B20, 74G99, 74H99

131
73G10 (1980) Strain energy functions 73K10 (1991) Plates, discs, membranes
now 74Cxx now 74K15, 74K20
73G15 (1980) Finite viscoelasticity 73K12 (1991) Dynamics of structures
now 74Dxx now 74Hxx, 74H99, 74K99
73G20 (1980) Metal forming problems 73K15 (1991) Shells
now ..... now 74K25
73G20 (1991) Finite plasticity 73K20 (1991) Composite structures and mate-
now 74C15, 74C20, 74G99, 74H99 rials
73G25 (1991) Finite viscoelasticity now 74A40, 74E30, 74Q15, 74Q20
now 74D10, 74G99, 74H99 73K25 (1980) Finite element methods
73G99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec- now .....
tion 73K30 (1980) Other numerical methods
now 74B99, 74D99, 74G99, 74H99 now .....
73K35 (1980) Random excitation
now .....
73Hxx (1991) Stability (linear and nonlin- 73K35 (1991) Random vibrations
ear) now 74H50
now 74B99, 74G60, 74H55 73K40 (1991) Optimization
73H05 (1991) Buckling now 49Q10, 74K99, 74Pxx
now 74G60 73K50 (1991) Control of structures
73H10 (1991) Dynamic stability now 74M05, 93C20, 93C95
now 74H55 73K70 (1991) Aero- or hydromechanic struc-
73H99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec- ture interactions
tion now 74F10, 76B99, 76D99, 76N99
now 74G60, 74H99 73K99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now 74K99

73Jxx (1980) Aero- and hydroelasticity

now 74F10 73Lxx (1980) Theory of shells
73J05 (1980) Interaction of aerodynamics and now 74K25
elasticity 73L05 (1980) Non-Euclidean geometry, tenso-
now 74F10 rial methods
73J06 (1980) Interaction of hydrodynamics now 74K25
and elasticity 73L10 (1980) Anisotropic shells
now 74F10 now 74K25
73J10 (1980) Vibrations, flutter 73L15 (1980) Shell dynamics
now 74F10 now 74K25
73J15 (1980) Divergence 73L20 (1980) Vibration of shells
now 74F10 now 74K25
73J99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec- 73L99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion tion
now 74F10 now 74K25

73Kxx (1991) Mechanics of structures 73Mxx (1980) Fractural mechanics

now 74Kxx now 74Rxx
73K03 (1991) Strings 73M05 (1980) Brittle fracture, cracks
now 74K05 now 74R05, 74R10
73K05 (1991) Beams, columns, rods 73M10 (1980) Fatigue
now 74K10 now .....

132
73M15 (1980) Ductile fracture
now .....
73M20 (1980) Material instability 73R05 (1991) Electromagnetic elasticity
now ..... now 74F15, 78A99
73M99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now ..... 73Sxx (1980) Micromechanics of solids
now 74A60, 74M25, 74N15
73S05 (1980) Dislocation theory
73M25 (1991) Fracture mechanics now 74A60
now 74Rxx 73S99 (1980) Other micromechanics
now 74A60

73Nxx (1980) Geophysical solid mechan-

ics 73S10 (1991) Micromechanics of solids
now 74L05, 86A99 now 74A60, 74M25, 74N15
73N05 (1980) Global dynamics
now 74L05
73N10 (1980) Earthquake problems
now 74L05 73T05 (1991) Contact and surface me-
73N99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec- chanics
tion now 74A55, 74M10, 74M15
now 74L05

73U05 (1980) Thermomechanics of solids

73N20 (1991) Geophysical solid mechan- now 74A15
ics
now 74L05, 86A99

73Vxx (1991) Basic methods in solid me-

chanics
73Pxx (1980) Biomechanics of solids now 74Sxx
now 74L15, 92C10 73V05 (1991) Finite element methods
73P05 (1980) Mathematical models of biological now 74S05
materials 73V10 (1991) Boundary element methods
now 74L15 now 74S15
73P10 (1980) Mechanics response 73V15 (1991) Finite difference methods
now 74L15 now 74S20
73P99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec- 73V20 (1991) Other numerical methods
tion now 74S10, 74S25, 74S30
now 74L15 73V25 (1991) Variational methods
now 74G99, 74H99, 74Pxx
73V30 (1991) Stochastic analysis
73P20 (1991) Biomechanics of solids now 74A40, 74H50, 73S30
now 74L15, 92C10 73V35 (1991) Complex variable techniques
now 74G99, 74H99
73V99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
73Q05 (1991) Soil and rock mechanics now 74S99
now 74L10

133
 74B99 None of the above, but in this section
74-XX Mechanics of deformable solids

74Cxx Plastic materials, materials of

74-00 General reference works (handbooks, stress-rate and internal-variable
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) type
74-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- 74C05 Small-strain, rate-independent theo-
torial papers, etc.) ries (including rigid-plastic and elasto-
74-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- plastic materials)
vey articles) 74C10 Small-strain, rate-dependent theories
74-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least (including theories of viscoplasticity)
one classification number from Section 74C15 Large-strain, rate-independent theories
01) (including nonlinear plasticity)
74-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- 74C20 Large-strain, rate-dependent theories
grams (not the theory of computation or 74C99 None of the above, but in this section
programming)
74-05 Experimental work
74-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc. 74Dxx Materials of strain-rate type and
history type, other materials with
memory (including elastic materi-
als with viscous damping, various
74Axx Generalities, axiomatics, founda-
viscoelastic materials)
tions of continuum mechanics of
74D05 Linear constitutive equations
solids
74D10 Nonlinear constitutive equations
74A05 Kinematics of deformation
74D99 None of the above, but in this section
74A10 Stress
74A15 Thermodynamics
74A20 Theory of constitutive functions
74A25 Molecular, statistical, and kinetic theo- 74Exx Material properties given special
ries treatment
74A30 Nonsimple materials 74E05 Inhomogeneity
74A35 Polar materials 74E10 Anisotropy
74A40 Random materials and composite mate- 74E15 Crystalline structure
rials 74E20 Granularity
74A45 Theories of fracture and damage 74E25 Texture
74A50 Structured surfaces and interfaces, coex- 74E30 Composite and mixture properties
istent phases 74E35 Random structure
74A55 Theories of friction (tribology) 74E40 Chemical structure
74A60 Micromechanical theories 74E99 None of the above, but in this section
74A65 Reactive materials
74A99 None of the above, but in this section
74Fxx Coupling of solid mechanics with
other effects
74Bxx Elastic materials 74F05 Thermal effects
74B05 Classical linear elasticity 74F10 Fluid-solid interactions (including aero-
74B10 Linear elasticity with initial stresses and hydro-elasticity, porosity, etc.)
74B15 Equations linearized about a deformed 74F15 Electromagnetic effects
state (small deformations superposed on 74F20 Mixture effects
large) 74F25 Chemical and reactive effects
74B20 Nonlinear elasticity 74F99 None of the above, but in this section

134
 74J30 Nonlinear waves
74J35 Solitary waves
74Gxx Equilibrium (steady-state) prob-
74J40 Shocks and related discontinuities
lems
74J99 None of the above, but in this section
74G05 Explicit solutions
74G10 Analytic approximation of solutions
(perturbation methods, asymptotic
methods, series, etc.) 74Kxx Thin bodies, structures
74G15 Numerical approximation of solutions 74K05 Strings
74G20 Local existence of solutions (near a given 74K10 Rods (beams, columns, shafts, arches,
solution) rings, etc.)
74G25 Global existence of solutions 74K15 Membranes
74G30 Uniqueness of solutions 74K20 Plates
74G35 Multiplicity of solutions 74K25 Shells
74G40 Regularity of solutions 74K30 Junctions
74G45 Bounds for solutions 74K35 Thin films
74G50 Saint-Venants principle 74K99 None of the above, but in this section
74G55 Qualitative behavior of solutions
74G60 Bifurcation and buckling
74G65 Energy minimization
74Lxx Special subfields of solid mechanics
74G70 Stress concentrations, singularities
74L05 Geophysical solid mechanics [See also
74G75 Inverse problems
86-XX]
74G99 None of the above, but in this section
74L10 Soil and rock mechanics
74L15 Biomechanical solid mechanics [See also
92C10]
74Hxx Dynamical problems 74L99 None of the above, but in this section
74H05 Explicit solutions
74H10 Analytic approximation of solutions
(perturbation methods, asymptotic
74Mxx Special kinds of problems
methods, series, etc.)
74M05 Control, switches and devices (smart
74H15 Numerical approximation of solutions
materials) [See also 93Cxx]
74H20 Existence of solutions
74M10 Friction
74H25 Uniqueness of solutions
74M15 Contact
74H30 Regularity of solutions
74M20 Impact
74H35 Singularities, blowup, stress concentra-
74M25 Micromechanics
tions
74M99 None of the above, but in this section
74H40 Long-time behavior of solutions
74H45 Vibrations
74H50 Random vibrations
74H55 Stability 74Nxx Phase transformations in solids
74H60 Dynamical bifurcation [See also 74A50, 80Axx, 82B26, 82C26]
74H65 Chaotic behavior 74N05 Crystals
74H99 None of the above, but in this section 74N10 Displacive transformations
74N15 Analysis of microstructure
74N20 Dynamics of phase boundaries
74N25 Transformations involving diffusion
74Jxx Waves
74N30 Problems involving hysteresis
74J05 Linear waves
74N99 None of the above, but in this section
74J10 Bulk waves
74J15 Surface waves
74J20 Wave scattering
74J25 Inverse problems 74Pxx Optimization [See also 49Qxx]

135
74P05 Compliance or weight optimization 76-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
74P10 Optimization of other properties one classification number from Section
74P15 Topological methods 01)
74P20 Geometrical methods 76-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
74P99 None of the above, but in this section grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
76-05 Experimental work
76-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
74Qxx Homogenization, determination of
etc.
effective properties
74Q05 Homogenization in equilibrium prob-
lems
74Q10 Homogenization and oscillations in dy- 76Axx Foundations, constitutive equa-
namical problems tions, rheology
74Q15 Effective constitutive equations 76A02 Foundations of fluid mechanics
74Q20 Bounds on effective properties 76A05 Non-Newtonian fluids
74Q99 None of the above, but in this section 76A10 Viscoelastic fluids
76A15 Liquid crystals [See also 82D30]
76A20 Thin fluid films
74Rxx Fracture and damage 76A25 Superfluids (classical aspects)
74R05 Brittle damage 76A99 None of the above, but in this section
74R10 Brittle fracture
74R15 High-velocity fracture
74R20 Anelastic fracture and damage 76Bxx Incompressible inviscid fluids
74R99 None of the above, but in this section 76B03 Existence, uniqueness, and regularity
theory [See also 35Q35]
76B05 (1991) Airfoil theory
74Sxx Numerical methods [See also 65-XX, now 76B10
74G15, 74H15] 76B07 Free-surface potential flows
74S05 Finite element methods 76B10 Jets and cavities, cavitation, free-
74S10 Finite volume methods streamline theory, water-entry prob-
74S15 Boundary element methods lems, airfoil and hydrofoil theory, slosh-
74S20 Finite difference methods ing
74S25 Spectral and related methods 76B15 Water waves, gravity waves; disper-
74S30 Other numerical methods sion and scattering, nonlinear interac-
74S60 Stochastic methods tion [See also 35Q30, 35Q53]
74S70 Complex variable methods 76B20 Ship waves
74S99 None of the above, but in this section 76B25 Solitary waves [See also 35Q51]
76B35 (1991) Random waves, inviscid fluids
now 76B15, 76M35
76B40 (1991) Added mass computations
76-XX Fluid mechanics {For general con-
now 76B99
tinuum mechanics, see 74Axx, or other
76B45 Capillarity (surface tension) [See also
parts of 74-XX}
76D45]
76B47 Vortex flows
76-00 General reference works (handbooks, 76B55 Internal waves
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) 76B60 Atmospheric waves [See also 86A10]
76-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- 76B65 Rossby waves [See also 86A05, 86A10]
torial papers, etc.) 76B70 Stratification effects in inviscid fluids
76-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- 76B75 Flow control and optimization [See also
vey articles) 49Q10, 93C20, 93C95]

136
76B99 None of the above, but in this section 76D55 Flow control and optimization [See also
49Q10, 93C20, 93C95]
76D99 None of the above, but in this section
76Cxx (1991) Incompressible inviscid flu-
ids, vorticity flows
now 76Bxx 76Exx Hydrodynamic stability
76C05 (1991) Vorticity flows 76E05 Parallel shear flows
now 76B47 76E06 Convection
76C10 (1991) Internal waves 76E07 Rotation
now 76B55 76E09 Stability and instability of nonparallel
76C15 (1991) Atmospheric waves flows
now 76B60, 86A10 76E10 (1991) Inertial instability
76C20 (1991) Rossby waves now 76E17, 76E99
now 76B65, 86A05, 86A10 76E15 Absolute and convective instability and
76C99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec- stability
tion 76E17 Interfacial stability and instability
now 76B99 76E19 Compressibility effects
76E20 Stability and instability of geophysical
and astrophysical flows
76E25 Stability and instability of magnetohy-
76Dxx Incompressible viscous fluids
drodynamic and electrohydrodynamic
76D03 Existence, uniqueness, and regularity
flows
theory [See also 35Q30, 35Q35]
76E30 Nonlinear effects
76D05 Navier-Stokes equations [See also
76E99 None of the above, but in this section
35Q30]
76D06 Statistical solutions of Navier-Stokes
and related equations [See also 60H30,
76M35] 76Fxx Turbulence [See also 37-XX, 60Gxx,
76D07 Stokes and related (Oseen, etc.) flows 60Jxx]
76D08 Lubrication theory 76F02 Fundamentals
76D09 Viscous-inviscid interaction 76F05 Isotropic turbulence; homogeneous tur-
76D10 Boundary-layer theory, separation and bulence
reattachment, higher-order effects 76F05 (1970) Turbulence
76D15 (1991) Boundary-layer separation and now 76Fxx
reattachment 76F06 Transition to turbulence
now 76D10 76F10 Shear flows
76D17 Viscous vortex flows 76F20 Dynamical systems approach to turbu-
76D20 (1991) Higher-order effects in boundary lence [See also 37-XX]
layers 76F25 Turbulent transport, mixing
now 76D10 76F30 Renormalization and other field-
76D25 Wakes and jets theoretical methods [See also 81T99]
76D27 Other free-boundary flows; Hele-Shaw 76F35 Convective turbulence [See also 76E15,
flows 76Rxx]
76D30 (1991) Singular perturbation problems 76F40 Turbulent boundary layers
now 76D10, 76M45 76F45 Stratification effects
76D33 Waves 76F50 Compressibility effects
76D35 (1991) Random waves, viscous fluids 76F55 Statistical turbulence modeling [See also
now 76D33, 76M35 76M35]
76D45 Capillarity (surface tension) [See also 76F60 k- modeling
76B45] 76F65 Direct numerical and large eddy simula-
76D50 Stratification effects in viscous fluids tion of turbulence

137
76F70 Control of turbulent flows 76M12 Finite volume methods
76F99 None of the above, but in this section 76M15 Boundary element methods
76M20 Finite difference methods
76M22 Spectral methods
76M23 Vortex methods
76Gxx General aerodynamics and sub-
76M25 Other numerical methods
sonic flows
76M27 Visualization algorithms
76G05 (1980) Hodograph methods
76M28 Particle methods and lattice-gas meth-
now 76Gxx
ods
76G10 (1980) Karman-Tsien approximation
76M30 Variational methods
now 76Gxx
76M35 Stochastic analysis
76G15 (1980) Iterative methods
76M40 Complex-variables methods
now 76Gxx
76M45 Asymptotic methods, singular perturba-
76G20 (1980) Free-streamline theory
tions
now 76Gxx
76M50 Homogenization
76G25 General aerodynamics and subsonic
76M55 Dimensional analysis and similarity
flows
76M60 Symmetry analysis, Lie group and alge-
76G99 None of the above, but in this section
bra methods
76M99 None of the above, but in this section

76Hxx Transonic flows

76H05 Transonic flows 76Nxx Compressible fluids and gas dy-
76H99 None of the above, but in this section namics, general
76N05 (1980) Boundary layer theory
now 76N20
76Jxx Supersonic flows 76N10 (1980) Compressible fluids, general
76J05 (1980) Hodograph methods now 76Nxx
now 76Jxx 76N10 Existence, uniqueness, and regularity
76J10 (1980) Methods of characteristics theory [See also 35L60, 35L65, 35Q30]
now 76Jxx 76N15 Gas dynamics, general
76J20 Supersonic flows 76N17 Viscous-inviscid interaction
76J99 None of the above, but in this section 76N20 Boundary-layer theory
76N25 Flow control and optimization
76N99 None of the above, but in this section

76Kxx Hypersonic flows

76K05 Hypersonic flows
76K99 None of the above, but in this section
76Lxx Shock waves and blast waves [See
also 35L67]
76L05 Shock waves and blast waves [See also
35L67]
76L99 None of the above, but in this section
76Mxx Basic methods in fluid mechanics
[See also 65-XX]
76M10 Finite element methods
76Pxx Rarefied gas flows, Boltzmann
equation [See also 82B40, 82C40,
82D05]
76P05 Rarefied gas flows, Boltzmann equation
[See also 82B40, 82C40, 82D05]
76P99 None of the above, but in this section
76Qxx Hydro- and aero-acoustics
76Q05 Hydro- and aero-acoustics
76Q99 None of the above, but in this section
76Rxx Diffusion and convection

138
76R05 Forced convection 76X99 None of the above, but in this section
76R10 Free convection
76R50 Diffusion [See also 60J60]
76R99 None of the above, but in this section
76Yxx Quantum hydrodynamics and rel-
ativistic hydrodynamics [See also
82D50, 83C55, 85A30]
76Sxx Flows in porous media; filtration; 76Y05 Quantum hydrodynamics and relativis-
seepage tic hydrodynamics [See also 83C55,
76S05 Flows in porous media; filtration; seep- 85A30]
age 76Y99 None of the above, but in this section
76S99 None of the above, but in this section

76Zxx Biological fluid mechanics [See also

76Txx Two-phase and multiphase flows 74F10, 74L15, 92Cxx]
76T05 (1991) Two-phase and multiphase flows 76Z05 Physiological flows [See also 92C35]
now 76Txx 76Z10 Biopropulsion in water and in air
76T10 Liquid-gas two-phase flows, bubbly 76Z99 None of the above, but in this section
flows
76T15 Dusty-gas two-phase flows
76T20 Suspensions
76T25 Granular flows [See also 74C99, 74E20] 78-XX Optics, electromagnetic theory
76T30 Three or more component flows {For quantum optics, see 81V80}
76T99 None of the above, but in this section
78-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
76Uxx Rotating fluids 78-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
76U05 Rotating fluids torial papers, etc.)
76U99 None of the above, but in this section 78-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
78-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
76Vxx Reaction effects in flows [See also
01)
80A32]
78-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
76V05 Reaction effects in flows [See also 80A32]
grams (not the theory of computation or
76V99 None of the above, but in this section
programming)
78-05 Experimental work
78-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
76Wxx Magnetohydrodynamics and elec- etc.
trohydrodynamics 78-08 (1991) Computational methods
76W05 Magnetohydrodynamics and electro- now 78Mxx
hydrodynamics
76W99 None of the above, but in this section
78Axx General
78A02 Foundations
76Xxx Ionized gas flow in electromag- 78A05 Geometric optics
netic fields; plasmic flow [See also 78A10 Physical optics
82D10] 78A15 Electron optics
76X05 Ionized gas flow in electromagnetic 78A20 Space charge waves
fields; plasmic flow [See also 82D10] 78A25 Electromagnetic theory, general

139
78A30 Electro- and magnetostatics 80-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
78A35 Motion of charged particles torial papers, etc.)
78A37 Ion traps 80-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
78A40 Waves and radiation vey articles)
78A45 Diffraction, scattering [See also 34E20 80-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
for WKB methods] one classification number from Section
78A46 Inverse scattering problems 01)
78A48 Composite media; random media 80-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
78A50 Antennas, wave-guides grams (not the theory of computation or
78A55 Technical applications programming)
78A57 (1980) Mathematically heuristic optics 80-05 Experimental work
and electromagnetic theory 80-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
now 78A97 etc.
78A57 Electrochemistry 80-08 (1991) Computational methods
78A60 Lasers, masers, optical bistability, non- now 80Mxx
linear optics [See also 81V80]
78A70 Biological applications [See also 92C30,
91D30]
80Axx Thermodynamics and heat trans-
78A97 Mathematically heuristic optics and
fer
electromagnetic theory (must also be as-
80A05 Foundations
signed at least one other classification
80A10 Classical thermodynamics, including
number in this section)
relativistic
78A99 Miscellaneous topics
80A15 (1991) Thermodynamics of mixtures
now 80A10
80A17 Thermodynamics of continua [See also
78Mxx Basic methods
74A15]
78M05 Method of moments
80A20 Heat and mass transfer, heat flow
78M10 Finite element methods
80A22 Stefan problems, phase changes, etc.
78M12 Finite volume methods, finite integra-
[See also 74Nxx]
tion techniques
80A23 Inverse problems
78M15 Boundary element methods
80A25 Combustion
78M16 Multipole methods
80A30 Chemical kinetics [See also 76V05,
78M20 Finite difference methods
92C45, 92E20]
78M22 Spectral methods
80A32 Chemically reacting flows [See also
78M25 Other numerical methods
92C45, 92E20]
78M30 Variational methods
80A35 (1980) Mathematically heuristic classi-
78M31 Monte Carlo methods
cal thermodynamics
78M32 Neural and heuristic methods
now 80A99
78M34 Model reduction
80A50 Chemistry (general) [See mainly 92Exx]
78M35 Asymptotic analysis
80A97 (1991) Mathematical heuristic classical
78M40 Homogenization
thermodynamics
78M50 Optimization
now 80A99
78M99 None of the above, but in this section
80A99 None of the above, but in this section

80-XX Classical thermodynamics,

heat transfer {For thermodynamics
of solids, see 74A15}
80-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
80Mxx Basic methods
80M10 Finite element methods
80M15 Boundary element methods
80M20 Finite difference methods
80M25 Other numerical methods

140
80M30 Variational methods 81A24 (1970) Bethe-Salpeter equation
80M35 Asymptotic analysis now 81Q40
80M40 Homogenization 81A27 (1970) Current algebra
80M50 Optimization now .....
80M99 None of the above, but in this section 81A30 (1970) Broken symmetries
now 81R40
81A33 (1970) Covariant wave equation
now 81R20
81-XX Quantum theory
81A36 (1970) Strong interaction
now 81V05
81-00 General reference works (handbooks, 81A39 (1970) Electronic interaction
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) now 81V10
81-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- 81A42 (1970) Weak interaction
torial papers, etc.) now 81V15
81-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- 81A45 (1970) Potential scattering theory
vey articles) now 81U05, 81U10
81-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least 81A48 (1970) S-matrix theory and other scat-
one classification number from Section tering theory
01) now 81U20
81-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- 81A51 (1970) Dispersion theory
grams (not the theory of computation or now 81U30
programming) 81A54 (1970) Applications of group theory to
81-05 Experimental papers elementary particles
81-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, now .....
etc. 81A57 (1970) Other elementary particle theory
81-08 Computational methods now .....
81A06 (1970) Relativistic theory 81A60 (1970) Applications of group theory to
now ..... nuclear physics
81A09 (1970) Selfadjoint operator theory in now 81V35
quantum mechanics, essential selfad- 81A63 (1970) Other nuclear physics
jointness of the Hamiltonian now 81V35
now 81Q10 81A66 (1970) Applications of group thery to
81A10 (1970) Perturbation theory atomic physics
now 81Q15 now 81V45
81A12 (1970) Logical foundations of quantum 81A69 (1970) Other atomic physics
mechanics now 81V45
now 81P10 81A72 (1970) Applications of group theory to
81A15 (1970) Feynman integrals and graphs, molecular physics
application of algebraic topology and al- now 81V55
gebraic geometry to these problems 81A75 (1970) Other molecular physics
now 81Q30 now 81V55
81A17 (1970) Axiomatic quantum field theory; 81A78 (1970) General group representation
operator algebras motivated by physics, but not ...
now 81T05 now 81Rxx
81A18 (1970) Constructive quantum field the- 81A81 (1970) Quantum mechanics of many-
ory; models of quantum fields body systems
now 81T08 now 81V70
81A19 (1970) Renormalization theory 81A84 (1970) Superconductivity and superfluid-
now 81T17 ity
81A20 (1970) Commutation relations now .....
now 81S05 81A87 (1970) Mathematically heuristic quan-

141
 tum mechanics 81C99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
now ..... tion
now 81Q99

81Bxx (1980) Axiomatics, foundations,

philosophy 81Dxx (1980) General quantum mechan-
now 81Pxx ics
81B05 (1980) General now 81Sxx
now 81P05 81D05 (1980) Commutation relations
81B10 (1980) Logical foundations of quantum now 81S05
mechanics 81D10 (1980) Bethe-Salpeter equation
now 81P10 now 81Q40
81B99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec- 81D15 (1980) Current algebra
tion now .....
now 81P99 81D20 (1980) Broken symmetries
now 81R40
81D25 (1980) Covariant wave equations
now 81R20
81Cxx (1980) General mathematical top-
81D99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
ics and methods in quantum me-
tion
chanics
now .....
now 81Qxx
81C05 (1980) Closed and approximate solu-
tions to the Schroedinger, Dirac, Klein-
Gordon and other quantum mechanical 81Exx (1980) Quantum field theory
equations now 81Txx
now 81Q05 81E05 (1980) Axiomatic quantum field theory;
81C10 (1980) Selfadjoint operator theory in operator algebras
quantum mechanics; essential selfad- now 81T05
jointness of the Hamiltonian 81E10 (1980) Constructive quantum field the-
now 81Q10 ory; models of quantum fields (including
81C12 (1980) Perturbation theory for operators Yang-Mills theories)
now 81Q15 now 81T08
81C15 (1980) Perturbation theory for differen- 81E15 (1980) Renormalization theory
tial equations now 81T17
now 81Q15 81E99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
81C20 (1980) Probabilistic methods in quantum tion
mechanics now 81T99
now .....
81C30 (1980) Feynman integrals and graphs;
applications of algebraic topology and al-
gebraic geometry to these problems 81Fxx (1980) Scattering theories
now 81Q30 now 81Uxx
81C35 (1980) Path integrals 81F05 (1980) 2-body potential scattering theory
now 81S40 now 81U05
81C40 (1980) General group representations 81F10 (1980) n-body potential scattering theory
motivated by physics but not covered now 81U10
by Section 81Gxx below; representa- 81F15 (1980) S-matrix theory, etc.
tions of concrete clasical groups such as now 81U20
SL(n,C), U(p,q), etc. 81F20 (1980) Particle scattering theories
now 81Rxx now .....

142
81F30 (1980) Dispersion theory, dispersion re-
lations
81K05 (1980) Quantum optics
now 81U30
now 81V80
81F99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
tion
now 81U99
81L05 (1980) Quantum electrodynamics
now 81V10
81Gxx (1980) Particle physics (this covers
all kinds of particles and interac-
tions)
81M05 (1980) Relativistic theory
now 81Vxx
now .....
81G05 (1980) Strong interaction
now 81V05
81G10 (1980) Electromagnetic interaction
now 81V10 81N05 (1980) Mathematicalle heuristic
81G15 (1980) Weak interaction quantum mechanics
now 81V15 now .....
81G20 (1980) Applications of group theory to
elementary particles
now .....
81Pxx Axiomatics, foundations, philoso-
81G25 (1980) Other elementary particle theory
phy
now .....
81P05 General and philosophical
81G30 (1980) Applications of group theory to
81P10 Logical foundations of quantum me-
nuclear physics
chanics; quantum logic [See also 03G12,
now 81V35
06C15]
81G35 (1980) Other nuclear physics
81P13 Contextuality
now 81V35
81P15 Quantum measurement theory
81G40 (1980) Applications of group theory to
81P16 Quantum state spaces, operational and
atomic physics
probabilistic concepts
now 81V45
81P20 Stochastic mechanics (including
81G45 (1980) Other atomic physics
stochastic electrodynamics)
now 81V45
81P40 Quantum coherence, entanglement,
81G50 (1980) Applications of group theory to
quantum correlations
molecular physics
81P45 Quantum information, communication,
now 81V55
networks [See also 94A15, 94A17]
81G55 (1980) Other molecular physics
81P50 Quantum state estimation, approximate
now 81V55
cloning
81G99 (1980) None of the above, but in this sec-
81P68 Quantum computation and quantum
tion
cryptography [See also 68Q05, 94A60]
now 81V99
81P70 Quantum coding (general)
81P94 Quantum cryptography [See also 94A60]
81P99 None of the above, but in this section
81H05 (1980) Quantum mechanics of
many-body systems
now 81V70
81Qxx General mathematical topics and
methods in quantum theory
81J05 (1980) Superconductivity and super- 81Q05 Closed and approximate solutions to the
fluidity Schrodinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and
now ..... other quantum-mechanical equations

143
81Q10 Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum
theory, including spectral analysis
81Q12 Non-selfadjoint operator theory in quan-
tum theory
81Q15 Perturbation theories for operators and
differential equations
81Q20 Semiclassical techniques including
WKB and Maslov methods
81Q30 Feynman integrals and graphs; applica-
tions of algebraic topology and algebraic
geometry [See also 14D05, 32S40]
81Q35 Quantum mechanics on special spaces:
manifolds, fractals, graphs, etc.
81Q37 Quantum dots, waveguides, ratchets,
etc.
81Q40 Bethe-Salpeter and other integral equa-
tions
81Q50 Quantum chaos [See also 37Dxx]
81Q60 Supersymmetric quantum mechanics
81Q65 Alternative quantum mechanics
81Q70 Differential-geometric methods, includ-
ing holonomy, Berry and Hannay
phases, etc.
81Q80 Special quantum systems, such as solv-
able systems
81Q93 Quantum control
81Q99 None of the above, but in this section
81Rxx Groups and algebras in quantum
theory
81R05 Finite-dimensional groups and algebras
motivated by physics and their represen-
tations [See also 20C35, 22E70]
81R10 Infinite-dimensional groups and alge-
bras motivated by physics, including
Virasoro, Kac-Moody, W -algebras and
other current algebras and their rep-
resentations [See also 17B65, 17B67,
22E65, 22E67, 22E70]
81R12 Relations with integrable systems [See
also 17Bxx, 37J35]
81R15 Operator algebra methods [See also
46Lxx, 81T05]
81R20 Covariant wave equations
81R25 Spinor and twistor methods [See also
32L25]
81R30 Coherent states [See also 22E45];
squeezed states [See also 81V80]
81R40 Symmetry breaking
144
81R50 Quantum groups and related algebraic
methods [See also 17B37]
81R60 Noncommutative geometry
81R99 None of the above, but in this section
81Sxx General quantum mechanics and
problems of quantization
81S05 Commutation relations and statistics
81S10 Geometry and quantization, symplectic
methods [See also 53D50]
81S20 Stochastic quantization
81S22 Open systems, reduced dynamics, mas-
ter equations, decoherence [See also
82C31]
81S25 Quantum stochastic calculus
81S30 Phase space methods including Wigner
distributions, etc.
81S40 Path integrals [See also 58D30]
81S99 None of the above, but in this section
81Txx Quantum field theory; related clas-
sical field theories [See also 70Sxx]
81T05 Axiomatic quantum field theory; opera-
tor algebras
81T08 Constructive quantum field theory
81T10 Model quantum field theories
81T13 Yang-Mills and other gauge theories [See
also 53C07, 58E15]
81T15 Perturbative methods of renormaliza-
tion
81T16 Nonperturbative methods of renormal-
ization
81T17 Renormalization group methods
81T18 Feynman diagrams
81T20 Quantum field theory on curved space
backgrounds
81T25 Quantum field theory on lattices
81T27 Continuum limits
81T28 Thermal quantum field theory [See also
82B30]
81T30 String and superstring theories; other
extended objects (e.g., branes) [See also
83E30]
81T40 Two-dimensional field theories, confor-
mal field theories, etc.
81T45 Topological field theories [See also
57R56, 58Dxx]
81T50 Anomalies
81T55 Casimir effect 82-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
81T60 Supersymmetric field theories torial papers, etc.)
81T70 Quantization in field theory; cohomolog- 82-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
ical methods [See also 58D29] vey articles)
81T75 Noncommutative geometry methods 82-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
[See also 46L85, 46L87, 58B34] one classification number from Section
81T80 Simulation and numerical modeling 01)
81T99 None of the above, but in this section 82-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
82-05 Experimental papers
81Uxx Scattering theory [See also 34A55,
82-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
34L25, 34L40, 35P25, 47A40]
etc.
81U05 2-body potential scattering theory [See
82-08 Computational methods
also 34E20 for WKB methods]
82A05 (1980) Mathematical general statistical
81U10 n-body potential scattering theory
mechanics
81U15 Exactly and quasi-solvable systems
now 82B05, 82C05
81U20 S-matrix theory, etc.
82A15 (1980) Mathematical quantum statistical
81U30 Dispersion theory, dispersion relations
mechanics
81U35 Inelastic and multichannel scattering
now 82B10, 82C10
81U40 Inverse scattering problems
82A25 (1980) Phase transitions
81U99 None of the above, but in this section
now 82B26, 82C26
82A30 (1980) Statistical thermodynamics
now .....
81Vxx Applications to specific physical 82A35 (1980) Irreversible thermodynamics
systems now 82B35, 82C35
81V05 Strong interaction, including quantum 82A40 (1980) Kinetic theory of gases
chromodynamics now 82B40, 82C40
81V10 Electromagnetic interaction; quantum 82A42 (1980) Random media
electrodynamics now 82D30
81V15 Weak interaction 82A45 (1980) Plasma
81V17 Gravitational interaction [See also now 82D10
83Cxx and 83Exx] 82A50 (1980) Liquids
81V19 Other fundamental interactions now 82D15
81V22 Unified theories 82A55 (1980) Solids
81V25 Other elementary particle theory now 82D20
81V35 Nuclear physics 82A60 (1980) Crystals
81V45 Atomic physics now 82D25
81V55 Molecular physics [See also 92E10] 82A65 (1980) Metals
81V65 Quantum dots [See also 82D20] now 82D35
81V70 Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect 82A67 (1980) Lattice statistics
81V80 Quantum optics now 82B20, 82C20
81V99 None of the above, but in this section 82A70 (1980) Transport processes
now 82C70
82A75 (1980) Nuclear reactor theory
now .....
82-XX Statistical mechanics, structure
82A77 (1980) Mathematically heuristic statisti-
of matter
cal physics
now .....
82-00 General reference works (handbooks, 82A99 (1980) Miscellaneous topics
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) now .....

145
 82C23 Exactly solvable dynamic models [See
also 37K60]
82Bxx Equilibrium statistical mechanics
82C24 Interface problems; diffusion-limited ag-
82B03 Foundations
gregation
82B05 Classical equilibrium statistical mechan-
82C26 Dynamic and nonequilibrium phase
ics (general)
transitions (general)
82B10 Quantum equilibrium statistical me-
82C27 Dynamic critical phenomena
chanics (general)
82C28 Dynamic renormalization group meth-
82B20 Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts,
ods [See also 81T17]
etc.) and systems on graphs
82C31 Stochastic methods (Fokker-Planck,
82B21 Continuum models (systems of particles,
Langevin, etc.) [See also 60H10]
etc.)
82C32 Neural nets [See also 68T05, 91E40,
82B23 Exactly solvable models; Bethe ansatz
92B20]
82B24 Interface problems; diffusion-limited ag-
82C35 Irreversible thermodynamics, including
gregation
Onsager-Machlup theory
82B26 Phase transitions (general)
82C40 Kinetic theory of gases
82B27 Critical phenomena
82C41 Dynamics of random walks, random sur-
82B28 Renormalization group methods [See
faces, lattice animals, etc. [See also
also 81T17]
60G50]
82B30 Statistical thermodynamics [See also 80-
82C43 Time-dependent percolation [See also
XX]
60K35]
82B31 Stochastic methods
82C44 Dynamics of disordered systems (ran-
82B35 Irreversible thermodynamics, includ-
dom Ising systems, etc.)
ing Onsager-Machlup theory [See also
82C70 Transport processes
92E20]
82C80 Numerical methods (Monte Carlo, series
82B40 Kinetic theory of gases
resummation, etc.)
82B41 Random walks, random surfaces, lattice
82C99 None of the above, but in this section
animals, etc. [See also 60G50, 82C41]
82B43 Percolation [See also 60K35]
82B44 Disordered systems (random Ising mod-
els, random Schrodinger operators, etc.) 82Dxx Applications to specific types of
82B80 Numerical methods (Monte Carlo, se- physical systems
ries resummation, etc.) [See also 65-XX, 82D05 Gases
81T80] 82D10 Plasmas
82B99 None of the above, but in this section 82D15 Liquids
82D20 Solids
82D25 Crystals {For crystallographic group
theory, see 20H15}
82Cxx Time-dependent statistical me- 82D30 Random media, disordered materials
chanics (dynamic and nonequilib- (including liquid crystals and spin
rium) glasses)
82C03 Foundations 82D35 Metals
82C05 Classical dynamic and nonequilibrium 82D37 Semiconductors
statistical mechanics (general) 82D40 Magnetic materials
82C10 Quantum dynamics and nonequilibrium 82D45 Ferroelectrics
statistical mechanics (general) 82D50 Superfluids
82C20 Dynamic lattice systems (kinetic Ising, 82D55 Superconductors
etc.) and systems on graphs 82D60 Polymers
82C21 Dynamic continuum models (systems of 82D75 Nuclear reactor theory; neutron trans-
particles, etc.) port
82C22 Interacting particle systems [See also 82D77 Quantum wave guides, quantum wires
60K35] [See also 78A50]

146
82D80 Nanostructures and nanoparticles 83C30 Asymptotic procedures (radiation, news
82D99 None of the above, but in this section functions, H-spaces, etc.)
83C35 Gravitational waves
83C40 Gravitational energy and conservation
laws; groups of motions
83-XX Relativity and gravitational 83C45 Quantization of the gravitational field
theory 83C47 Methods of quantum field theory [See
also 81T20]
83-00 General reference works (handbooks, 83C50 Electromagnetic fields
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) 83C55 Macroscopic interaction of the gravita-
83-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- tional field with matter (hydrodynam-
torial papers, etc.) ics, etc.)
83-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- 83C57 Black holes
vey articles) 83C60 Spinor and twistor methods; Newman-
83-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least Penrose formalism
one classification number from Section 83C65 Methods of noncommutative geometry
01) [See also 58B34]
83-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- 83C75 Space-time singularities, cosmic censor-
grams (not the theory of computation or ship, etc.
programming) 83C80 Analogues in lower dimensions
83-05 Experimental work 83C99 None of the above, but in this section
83-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
83-08 Computational methods
83Dxx Relativistic gravitational theories
other than Einsteins, including
asymmetric field theories
83Axx Special relativity 83D05 Relativistic gravitational theories other
83A05 Special relativity than Einsteins, including asymmetric
83A99 None of the above, but in this section field theories
83D99 None of the above, but in this section

83Bxx Observational and experimental

questions 83Exx Unified, higher-dimensional and
83B05 Observational and experimental ques- super field theories
tions 83E05 Geometrodynamics
83B99 None of the above, but in this section 83E10 (1980) Asymmetric field theories
now .....
83E15 Kaluza-Klein and other higher-
dimensional theories
83Cxx General relativity 83E30 String and superstring theories [See also
83C05 Einsteins equations (general structure, 81T30]
canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) 83E50 Supergravity
83C10 Equations of motion 83E99 None of the above, but in this section
83C15 Exact solutions
83C20 Classes of solutions; algebraically spe-
cial solutions, metrics with symmetries
83C22 Einstein-Maxwell equations 83Fxx Cosmology
83C25 Approximation procedures, weak fields 83F05 Cosmology
83C27 Lattice gravity, Regge calculus and 83F99 None of the above, but in this section
other discrete methods

147
 86-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
85-XX Astronomy and astrophysics
01)
{For celestial mechanics, see 70F15}
86-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
85-00 General reference works (handbooks, programming)
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) 86-05 Experimental work
85-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- 86-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
torial papers, etc.) etc.
85-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- 86-08 Computational methods
vey articles)
85-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
86Axx Geophysics [See also 76U05, 76V05]
01)
86A04 General
85-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
86A05 Hydrology, hydrography, oceanography
grams (not the theory of computation or
[See also 76Bxx, 76E20, 76Q05, 76Rxx,
programming)
76U05]
85-05 Experimental work
86A10 Meteorology and atmospheric physics
85-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
[See also 76Bxx, 76E20, 76N15, 76Q05,
etc.
76Rxx, 76U05]
85-08 Computational methods
86A15 Seismology
86A17 Global dynamics, earthquake problems
86A20 Potentials, prospecting
85Axx Astronomy and astrophysics {For 86A22 Inverse problems [See also 35R30]
celestial mechanics, see 70F15} 86A25 Geo-electricity and geomagnetism [See
85A04 General also 76W05, 78A25]
85A05 Galactic and stellar dynamics 86A30 Geodesy, mapping problems
85A10 (1980) Astronautics 86A32 Geostatistics
now ..... 86A35 (1980) Atmospheric physics
85A15 Galactic and stellar structure now .....
85A20 Planetary atmospheres 86A40 Glaciology
85A25 Radiative transfer 86A60 Geological problems
85A30 Hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic 86A99 Miscellaneous topics
problems [See also 76Y05]
85A35 Statistical astronomy
85A40 Cosmology {For relativistic cosmology, 90-XX Operations research, mathe-
see 83F05} matical programming
85A45 (1991) Radio astronomy
now 85A04
85A99 Miscellaneous topics 90-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
90-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
86-XX Geophysics [See also 76U05, 76V05]
90-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
86-00 General reference works (handbooks, 90-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) one classification number from Section
86-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- 01)
torial papers, etc.) 90-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
86-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- grams (not the theory of computation or
vey articles) programming)

148
90-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, 90A35 (1991) Informational economics
etc. now 91B44
90-08 Computational methods 90A36 (1991) Incentives theory
now 91B99
90A40 (1991) Consumer behavior, demand the-
ory
90Axx (1991) Mathematical economics now 91B42
now 91Bxx 90A43 (1991) Expected utility; risk-averse util-
90A05 (1991) Decision theory ity
now 91B06 now 91B16
90A06 (1991) Individual preferences 90A46 (1991) Risk theory
now 91B08 now 91B30
90A07 (1991) Group preferences 90A50 (1991) Labor market
now 91B10 now 91B40
90A08 (1991) Social choice 90A53 (1991) Special types of economies
now 91B14 now 91B54
90A09 (1991) Finance, portfolios, investment 90A56 (1991) Special types of equilibria
now 91Gxx now 91B52
90A10 (1991) Utility theory 90A58 (1991) Models of real-world systems;
now 91B16 general macro-economic models, etc.
90A11 (1991) Production theory, theory of the now 91B74
firm 90A60 (1991) Market models (auctions, bar-
now 91B38 gaining, bidding, selling, etc.)
90A12 (1991) Price theory and market struc- now 91B26
ture 90A70 (1991) Macro-economic policy-making,
now 91B24 taxation
90A14 (1991) Equilibrium: general theory now 91B64
now 91B50 90A80 (1991) Resource allocation
90A15 (1991) General economic models, trade now 91B32
models 90A99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
now 91B60 tion
90A16 (1991) Dynamic economic models, now 91B99
growth models
now 91B62
90A17 (1991) Multisectoral models
now 91B66 90Bxx Operations research and manage-
90A19 (1991) Statistical models; economic in- ment science
dexes and measures 90B05 Inventory, storage, reservoirs
now 91B82 90B06 Transportation, logistics
90A20 (1991) Economic time series analysis 90B10 Network models, deterministic
now 91B84 90B12 (1991) Communication networks
90A25 (1991) Spatial models now 90B18
now 91B72 90B15 Network models, stochastic
90A27 (1991) Public goods 90B18 Communication networks [See also
now 91B18 68M10, 94A05]
90A28 (1991) Voting theory 90B20 Traffic problems
now 91B12 90B22 Queues and service [See also 60K25,
90A30 (1991) Environmental economics (nat- 68M20]
ural resource models, harvesting, pollu- 90B25 Reliability, availability, maintenance, in-
tion, etc.) spection [See also 60K10, 62N05]
now 91B76 90B30 Production models

149
90B35 Scheduling theory, deterministic [See
also 68M20]
90B36 Scheduling theory, stochastic [See also
68M20]
90B40 Search theory
90B50 Management decision making, includ-
ing multiple objectives [See also 90C31,
91A35, 91B05]
90B60 Marketing, advertising [See also 91B60]
90B70 Theory of organizations, manpower
planning [See also 91D35]
90B80 Discrete location and assignment [See
also 90C10]
90B85 Continuous location
90B90 Case-oriented studies
90B99 None of the above, but in this section
90Cxx Mathematical programming [See
also 49Mxx, 65Kxx]
90C05 Linear programming
90C06 Large-scale problems
90C08 Special problems of linear programming
(transportation, multi-index, etc.)
90C09 Boolean programming
90C10 Integer programming
90C11 Mixed integer programming
90C15 Stochastic programming
90C20 Quadratic programming
90C22 Semidefinite programming
90C25 Convex programming
90C26 Nonconvex programming
90C27 Combinatorial optimization
90C28 (1991) Geometric programming
now 90C30
90C29 Multi-objective and goal programming
90C30 Nonlinear programming
90C31 Sensitivity, stability, parametric opti-
mization
90C32 Fractional programming
90C33 Complementarity problems
90C34 Semi-infinite programming
90C35 Programming involving graphs or net-
works [See also 90C27]
90C39 Dynamic programming [See also 49L20]
90C40 Markov and semi-Markov decision pro-
cesses
90C42 (1991) Markov programming and
Markov renewal programming
now 90C40
150
90C45 (1991) Continuous programming
now 90C30
90C45 (1970) Markov renewal programming
now 90C40
90C46 Optimality conditions, duality [See also
49N15]
90C47 Minimax problems [See also 49K35]
90C48 Programming in abstract spaces
90C50 (1980) Applications of mathematical
programming
now 90C90
90C50 Extreme-point and pivoting methods
90C51 Interior-point methods
90C52 Methods of reduced gradient type
90C53 Methods of quasi-Newton type
90C55 Methods of successive quadratic pro-
gramming type
90C56 Derivative-free methods
90C57 Polyhedral combinatorics, branch-and-
bound, branch-and-cut
90C59 Approximation methods and heuristics
90C60 Abstract computational complexity for
mathematical programming problems
[See also 68Q25]
90C70 Fuzzy programming
90C90 Applications of mathematical program-
ming
90C99 None of the above, but in this section
90Dxx (1991) Game theory
now 91Axx
90D05 (1991) 2-person games
now 91A05
90D06 (1991) n-person games, n > 2
now 91A06
90D10 (1991) Noncooperative games
now 91A10
90D12 (1991) Cooperative games
now 91A12
90D13 (1991) Games with infinitely many play-
ers
now 91A13
90D15 (1991) Stochastic games
now 91A15
90D20 (1991) Multistage and repeated games
now 91A20
90D25 (1991) Differential games
now 91A23, 49N70
90D26 (1991) Pursuit and evasion games
now 91A24
90D30 (1980) Utility theory 91-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
now ..... etc.
90D35 (1991) Decision theory for games 91-08 Computational methods
now 91A35
90D40 (1991) Game-theoretic models
now 91A40
91Axx Game theory
90D42 (1991) Positional games
91A05 2-person games
now 91A24
91A06 n-person games, n > 2
90D43 (1991) Games involving graphs
91A10 Noncooperative games
now 91A43
91A12 Cooperative games
90D44 (1991) Games involving topology or set
91A13 Games with infinitely many players
theory
91A15 Stochastic games
now 91A44
91A18 Games in extensive form
90D45 (1980) Application of game theory
91A20 Multistage and repeated games
now .....
91A22 Evolutionary games
90D46 (1991) Combinatorial games
91A23 Differential games [See also 49N70]
now 91A46
91A24 Positional games (pursuit and evasion,
90D50 (1991) Discrete-time games
etc.) [See also 49N75]
now 91A50
91A25 Dynamic games
90D55 (1991) Games of timing
91A26 Rationality, learning
now 91A55
91A28 Signaling, communication
90D60 (1991) Probabilistic games; gambling
91A30 Utility theory for games [See also 91B16]
now 91A60
91A35 Decision theory for games [See also
90D65 (1991) Hierarchical games
62Cxx, 91B05, 90B50]
now 91A65
91A40 Game-theoretic models
90D70 (1991) Spaces of games
91A43 Games involving graphs
now 91A70
91A44 Games involving topology or set theory
90D80 (1991) Applications of game theory
91A46 Combinatorial games
now 91A80
91A50 Discrete-time games
90D99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
91A55 Games of timing
tion
91A60 Probabilistic games; gambling
now 91A99
91A65 Hierarchical games
91A70 Spaces of games
91A80 Applications of game theory
91A90 Experimental studies
91-XX Game theory, economics, social
91A99 None of the above, but in this section.
and behavioral sciences

91-00 General reference works (handbooks, 91Bxx Mathematical economics {For

dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) econometrics, see 62P20}
91-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- 91B02 Fundamental topics (basic mathematics,
torial papers, etc.) methodology; applicable to economics in
91-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- general)
vey articles) 91B06 Decision theory [See also 62Cxx, 90B50,
91-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least 91A35]
one classification number from section 91B08 Individual preferences
01) 91B10 Group preferences
91-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- 91B12 Voting theory
grams (not the theory of computation or 91B14 Social choice
programming) 91B15 Welfare economics

151
91B16 Utility theory 91Dxx Mathematical sociology (includ-
91B18 Public goods ing anthropology)
91B24 Price theory and market structure 91D10 Models of societies, social and urban
91B25 Asset pricing models evolution
91B26 Market models (auctions, bargaining, 91D20 Mathematical geography and demogra-
bidding, selling, etc.) phy
91B28 (2000) Finance, portfolios, investment 91D25 Spatial models [See also 91B72]
now 91Gxx 91D30 Social networks
91B30 Risk theory, insurance 91D35 Manpower systems [See also 91B40,
91B32 Resource and cost allocation 90B70]
91B38 Production theory, theory of the firm 91D99 None of the above, but in this section.
91B40 Labor market, contracts
91B42 Consumer behavior, demand theory
91B44 Informational economics
91Exx Mathematical psychology
91B50 Equilibrium: General theory
91E10 Cognitive psychology
91B51 Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium
91E30 Psychophysics and psychophysiology;
theory
perception
91B52 Special types of equilibria
91E40 Memory and learning [See also 68T05]
91B54 Special types of economics
91E45 Measurement and performance
91B55 Economic dynamics
91E99 None of the above, but in this section.
91B60 General economic models, trade models
91B62 Dynamic economic models. growth
models
91B64 Macro-economic models (monetary 91Fxx Other social and behavioral sci-
models, models of taxation) ences (mathematical treatment)
91B66 Multisectoral models 91F10 History, political science
91B68 Matching models 91F20 Linguistics [See also 03B65, 68T50]
91B69 Heterogeneous agent models 91F99 None of the above, but in this section.
91B70 Stochastic models
91B72 Spatial models
91B74 Models of real-world systems 91Gxx Mathematical finance
91B76 Environmental economics (natural re- 91G10 Portfolio theory
source models, harvesting, pollution, 91G20 Derivative securities
etc.) 91G30 Interest rates (stochastic models)
91B80 Applications of statistical and quantum 91G40 Credit risk
mechanics to economics (econophysics) 91G50 Corporate finance
91B82 Statistical methods; economic indices 91G60 Numerical methods (including Monte
and measures Carlo methods)
91B84 Economic time series analysis [See also 91G70 Statistical methods, econometrics
62M10] 91G80 Financial applications of other theories
91B99 None of the above, but in this section (stochastic control, calculus of varia-
tions, PDE, SPDE, dynamical systems)
91G99 None of the above, but in this section
91Cxx Social and behavioral sciences:
general topics {For statistics, see 62-
XX}
91C05 Measurement theory 92-XX Biology and other natural sci-
91C15 One- and multidimensional scaling ences
91C20 Clustering [See also 62D05]
91C99 None of the above, but in this section. 92-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)

152
92-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu- 92C05 Biophysics
torial papers, etc.) 92C10 Biomechanics [See also 74L15]
92-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur- 92C15 Developmental biology, pattern forma-
vey articles) tion
92-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least 92C17 Cell movement (chemotaxis, etc.)
one classification number from Section 92C20 Neural biology
01) 92C30 Physiology (general)
92-04 Explicit machine computation and pro- 92C35 Physiological flow [See also 76Z05]
grams (not the theory of computation or 92C37 Cell biology
programming) 92C40 Biochemistry, molecular biology
92-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, 92C42 Systems biology, networks
etc. 92C45 Kinetics in biochemical problems (phar-
92-08 Computational methods macokinetics, enzyme kinetics, etc.)
92A05 (1980) General biology [See also 80A30]
now 92Bxx 92C50 Medical applications (general)
92A07 (1980) Medical applications of biology 92C55 Biomedical imaging and signal process-
now 92C50 ing [See also 44A12, 65R10]
92A09 (1980) Physiology, biochemistry 92C60 Medical epidemiology
now 92C30, 92C40 92C80 Plant biology
92A10 (1980) Genetics 92C99 None of the above, but in this section
now 92D10
92A15 (1980) Population dynamics, epidemiol-
ogy
now 92D25 92Dxx Genetics and population dynam-
92A17 (1980) Ecology ics
now 92D40 92D10 Genetics {For genetic algebras, see
92A20 (1980) Sociology 17D92}
now 91Dxx 92D15 Problems related to evolution
92A25 (1980) Psychology 92D20 Protein sequences, DNA sequences
now 91Exx 92D25 Population dynamics (general)
92A27 (1980) Psychophysics 92D30 Epidemiology
now 91E30 92D40 Ecology
92A40 (1980) Chemistry 92D50 Animal behavior
now 92Exx 92D99 None of the above, but in this section
92A90 (1980) Other applications
now 91Fxx, 92F05
92Exx Chemistry {For biochemistry, see
92C40}
92Bxx Mathematical biology in general 92E10 Molecular structure (graph-theoretic
92B05 General biology and biomathematics methods, methods of differential topol-
92B10 Taxonomy, statistics ogy, etc.)
92B15 General biostatistics [See also 62P10] 92E20 Classical flows, reactions, etc. [See also
92B20 Neural networks, artificial life and re- 80A30, 80A32]
lated topics [See also 68T05, 82C32, 92E99 None of the above, but in this section
94Cxx]
92B25 Biological rhythms and synchronization
92B99 None of the above, but in this section
92Fxx Other natural sciences (should also
be assigned at least one other clas-
92Cxx Physiological, cellular and medical sification number in this section)
topics 92F05 Other natural sciences

153
92F99 None of the above, but in this section 92J40 (1991) Memory and learning
now 91E40
92J45 (1991) Measurement and performance
92Gxx (1991) Social and behavioral sci- now 91E45
ences: methodology 92J99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
now 91Cxx tion
92G05 (1991) Measurement theory now 91E99
now 91C05
92G15 (1991) One- and multidimensional scal-
ing
now 91C15 92Kxx (1991) Other social and behavioral
92G20 (1991) Test theory sciences (mathematical treatment)
now 91C99 now 91Fxx
92G25 (1991) Questionnaire analysis 92K10 (1991) History, political science
now 91C99, 94A50 now 91F10
92G30 (1991) Clustering 92K20 (1991) Linguistics
now 91C20 now 91F20
92G40 (1991) Q-analysis 92K99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec-
now 91C99 tion
92G99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec- now 91F99
tion
now 91C99
93-XX Systems theory; control {For op-
timal control, see 49-XX}
92Hxx (1991) Mathematical sociology (in-
cluding anthropology)
now 91Dxx 93-00 General reference works (handbooks,
92H10 (1991) Models of societies, social and ur- dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
ban evolution 93-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
now 91D10 torial papers, etc.)
92H20 (1991) Mathematical geography and de- 93-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
mography vey articles)
now 91D20 93-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
92H25 (1991) Spatial models one classification number from Section
now 91D25 01)
92H30 (1991) Social networks 93-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
now 91D30 grams (not the theory of computation or
92H35 (1991) Manpower systems programming)
now 91D35 93-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
92H99 (1991) None of the above, but in this sec- etc.
tion
now 91D99

93Axx General
92Jxx (1991) Mathematical psychology 93A05 Axiomatic system theory
now 91Exx 93A10 General systems
92J10 (1991) Cognitive psychology 93A13 Hierarchical systems
now 91E10 93A14 Decentralized systems
92J30 (1991) Psychophysics and psychophysi- 93A15 Large scale systems
ology; perception 93A20 (1991) Cascaded systems
now 91E30 now 93A14, 93A13

154
93A25 (1991) Input-output systems 93C22 (1991) Systems governed by integral
now 93A10, 93A99 eqwuatiosn
93A30 Mathematical modeling (models of sys- now 93C30
tems, model-matching, etc.) 93C23 Systems governed by functional-
93A99 None of the above, but in this section differential equations [See also 34K35]
93C25 Systems in abstract spaces
93C30 Systems governed by functional rela-
tions other than differential equations
93Bxx Controllability, observability, and 93C35 Multivariable systems
system structure 93C40 Adaptive control
93B03 Attainable sets 93C41 Problems with incomplete information
93B05 Controllability 93C42 Fuzzy control
93B06 (1991) relations between controllabillity 93C45 (1991) Time-invariant
and optimal solutions now 93C05
now 93B05, 49J15 93C50 (1991) Time-dependent
93B07 Observability now 93C05
93B10 Canonical structure 93C55 Discrete-time systems
93B11 System structure simplification 93C57 Sampled-data systems
93B12 Variable structure systems 93C60 (1991) Continuous-time
93B15 Realizations from input-output data now 93C05, 93C10
93B17 Transformations 93C62 Digital systems
93B18 Linearizations 93C65 Discrete event systems
93B20 Minimal systems representations 93C70 Time-scale analysis and singular pertur-
93B25 Algebraic methods bations
93B27 Geometric methods (including algebro- 93C73 Perturbations
geometric) 93C80 Frequency-response methods
93B28 Operator-theoretic methods [See also 93C83 Control problems involving computers
47A48, 47A57, 47B35, 47N70] (process control, etc.)
93B29 (2000) Differential-geometric methods 93C85 Automated systems (robots, etc.) [See
now 93B27 also 68T40, 70B15, 70Q05]
93B30 System identification 93C90 (1991) Random disturbances in control
93B35 Sensitivity (robustness) systems
93B36 H -control now 93C41, 93E10
93B40 Computational methods 93C95 Applications
93B50 Synthesis problems 93C99 None of the above, but in this section
93B51 Design techniques (robust design,
computer-aided design, etc.)
93B52 Feedback control 93Dxx Stability
93B55 Pole and zero placement problems 93D05 Lyapunov and other classical stabilities
93B60 Eigenvalue problems (Lagrange, Poisson, Lp , lp , etc.)
93B99 None of the above, but in this section 93D09 Robust stability
93D10 Popov-type stability of feedback sys-
tems
93D15 Stabilization of systems by feedback
93Cxx Control systems, guided systems 93D20 Asymptotic stability
93C05 Linear systems 93D21 Adaptive or robust stabilization
93C10 Nonlinear systems 93D22 (1991) Interrelation between stability
93C15 Systems governed by ordinary differen- problems and optimization problems
tial equations [See also 34H05] now 93D05, 49J15
93C20 Systems governed by partial differential 93D25 Input-output approaches
equations 93D30 Scalar and vector Lyapunov functions

155
93D99 None of the above, but in this section
93Exx Stochastic systems and control
93E03 Stochastic systems, general
93E05 (1991) Stochastic games, stoachstic dif-
ferential games
now 91A15
93E10 Estimation and detection [See also
60G35]
93E11 Filtering [See also 60G35]
93E12 System identification
93E14 Data smoothing
93E15 Stochastic stability
93E20 Optimal stochastic control
93E23 (1991) Stochastic gradient methods
now 93E25
93E24 Least squares and related methods
93E25 Other computational methods
93E30 (1991) Computer simulations of stochas-
tic systems
now 93E99
93E35 Stochastic learning and adaptive control
93E99 None of the above, but in this section
94-XX Information and communica-
tion, circuits
94-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
94-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
94-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
94-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
94-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
94-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
94Axx Communication, information
94A05 Communication theory [See also 60G35,
90B18]
156
94A08 Image processing (compression, recon-
struction, etc.) [See also 68U10]
94A10 (1970) Coding theory
now 94Bxx
94A11 Application of orthogonal functions in
communication
94A12 Signal theory (characterization, recon-
struction, etc.)
94A13 Detection theory
94A14 Modulation and demodulation
94A15 Information theory, general [See also
62B10]
94A17 Measures of information, entropy
94A20 Sampling theory
94A20 (1970) Circuits, networks; application of
graph theory and Boolean algebra
now 94Cxx
94A24 Coding theorems (Shannon theory)
94A25 (1970) Sequential machines
now .....
94A29 Source coding [See also 68P30]
94A30 (1970) Automata, general
now .....
94A34 Rate-distortion theory
94A35 (1970) Probabilistic automata
now .....
94A40 Channel models
94A45 Prefix, length-variable, comma-free
codes [See also 20M35, 68Q45]
94A50 Theory of questionnaires
94A55 Shift register sequences and sequences
over finite alphabets
94A60 Cryptography [See also 11T71, 14G50,
68P25]
94A62 Authentication and secret sharing
94A99 None of the above, but in this section
94Bxx Theory of error-correcting codes
and error-detecting codes
94B05 Linear codes, general
94B10 Convolutional codes
94B12 Combined modulation schemes (includ-
ing trellis codes)
94B15 Cyclic codes
94B20 Burst-correcting codes
94B25 Combinatorial codes
94B27 Geometric methods (including applica-
tions of algebraic geometry) [See als o
11T71, 14G50]
94B30 Majority codes
94B35 Decoding
94B40 Arithmetic codes [See also 11T71,
14G50]
94B45 (1980) Prefix, length-variable, comma-
free codes
now .....
94B50 Synchronization error-correcting codes
94B60 Other types of codes
94B65 Bounds on codes
94B70 Error probability
94B75 Applications of the theory of convex sets
and geometry of numbers (covering ra-
dius, etc.) [See also 11H31]
94B99 None of the above, but in this section
94Cxx Circuits, networks
94C05 Analytic circuit theory
94C10 Switching theory, application of Boolean
algebra; Boolean functions [See also
06E30]
94C12 Fault detection; testing
94C15 Applications of graph theory [See also
05Cxx, 68R10]
94C30 Applications of design theory [See also
05Bxx]
94C99 None of the above, but in this section
94Dxx Fuzzy sets and logic (in connec-
tion with questions of Section 94)
[See also 03B52, 03E72, 28E10]
94D05 Fuzzy sets and logic (in connection with
questions of Section 94) [See also 03B52,
03E72, 28E10]
94D99 None of the above, but in this section
97-XX Mathematics education
97-00 General reference works (handbooks,
dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
97-01 Instructional exposition (textbooks, tu-
torial papers, etc.)
97-02 Research exposition (monographs, sur-
vey articles)
97-03 Historical (must also be assigned at least
one classification number from Section
01)
157
97-04 Explicit machine computation and pro-
grams (not the theory of computation or
programming)
97-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections,
etc.
97Axx General
97A10 Comprehensive works, reference books
97A20 Recreational mathematics [See also
00A08]
97A30 History of mathematics and mathemat-
ics education [See also 01-XX]
97A40 Sociological issues [See also 97C60]
97A50 Bibliographies [See also 01-00]
97A70 Theses and postdoctoral theses
97A80 Standards [See also 97B70]
97A90 Fiction and games
97A99 None of the above, but in this section
97Bxx Educational policy and educational
systems
97B10 Educational research and planning
97B20 General education
97B30 Vocational education
97B40 Higher education
97B50 Teacher education {For research aspects
see 97C70}
97B60 Out-of-school education. Adult and fur-
ther education
97B70 Syllabuses. Curriculum guides, official
documents [See also 97A80]
97B99 None of the above, but in this section
97Cxx Psychology of and research in
mathematics education
97C10 Comprehensive works
97C20 Affective aspects (motivation, anxiety,
persistence, etc.)
97C30 Student learning and thinking (miscon-
ceptions, cognitive development, prob-
lem solving, etc.)
97C40 Assessment (large scale assessment, va-
lidity, reliability, etc.) [See also 97D10]
97C50 Theoretical perspectives (learning theo-
ries, epistemology, philosophies of teach-
ing and learning, etc.) [See also 97D20]
97C60 Sociological aspects of learning (culture,
group interactions, equity issues, etc.)
97C70 Teachers, and research on teacher edu-
cation (teacher development, etc.) [See
also 97B50]
97C80 (2000) Technological tools and other ma-
terials in teaching and learning (re-
search on innovations, role in student
learning, use of tools by teachers, etc.)
now 97U70
97C90 Teaching and curriculum (innovations,
teaching practices, studies of curriculum
materials, effective teaching, etc. )
97C99 None of the above, but in this section
97Fxx Arithmetic, number theory
97F10 Comprehensive works
97F20 Pre-numerical stage, concept of num-
bers
97F30 Natural numbers
97F40 Integers, rational numbers
97F50 Real numbers, complex numbers
97F60 Number theory
97F70 Measures and units
97F80 Ratio and proportion, percentages
97F90 Real life mathematics, practical arith-
metic
97F99 None of the above, but in this section

97Gxx Geometry
97Dxx Education and instruction in
97G10 Comprehensive works
mathematics
97G20 Informal geometry
97D10 Comparative studies on mathematics
97G30 Areas and volumes
education [See also 97C40]
97G40 Plane and solid geometry
97D20 Philosophical and theoretical contribu-
97G50 Transformation geometry
tions to mathematical education [See
97G60 Plane and spherical trigonometry
also 97C50]
97G70 Analytic geometry. Vector algebra
97D30 Goals of mathematics teaching. Cur-
97G80 Descriptive geometry
riculum development
97G99 None of the above, but in this section
97D40 Teaching methods and classroom tech-
niques. Lesson preparation. Educa-
tional principles {For research aspects
see 97Cxx} 97Hxx Algebra
97D50 Teaching problem solving and heuris- 97H10 Comprehensive works
tic strategies {For research aspects see 97H20 Elementary algebra
97Cxx} 97H30 Equations and inequalities
97D60 Achievement control and rating 97H40 Groups, rings, fields
97D70 Diagnosis, analysis and remediation of 97H50 Ordered algebraic structures
learning difficulties and student errors 97H60 Linear algebra
97D80 Teaching units, draft lessons and master 97H99 None of the above, but in this section
lessons
97D99 None of the above, but in this section

97Ixx Analysis
97Exx Foundations of mathematics 97I10 Comprehensive works
97E10 Comprehensive works 97I20 Mappings and functions
97E20 Philosophy and mathematics 97I30 Sequences and series
97E30 Logic 97I40 Differential calculus
97E40 Language of mathematics 97I50 Integral calculus
97E50 Reasoning and proving in the mathe- 97I60 Functions of several variables
matics classroom 97I70 Functional equations
97E60 Sets, relations, set theory 97I80 Complex analysis
97E99 None of the above, but in this section 97I99 None of the above, but in this section

158
97Kxx Combinatorics, graph theory, 97P70 Computer science and society
probability theory, statistics 97P99 None of the above, but in this section
97K10 Comprehensive works
97K20 Combinatorics
97K30 Graph theory 97Qxx Computer science education
97K40 Descriptive statistics 97Q10 Comprehensive works
97K50 Probability theory 97Q20 Affective aspects in teaching computer
97K60 Distributions and stochastic processes science
97K70 Foundations and methodology of statis- 97Q30 Cognitive processes
tics 97Q40 Sociological aspects
97K80 Applied statistics 97Q50 Objectives
97K99 None of the above, but in this section 97Q60 Teaching methods and classroom tech-
niques
97Q70 Student assessment
97Q80 Teaching units
97Mxx Mathematical modeling, applica-
97Q99 None of the above, but in this section
tions of mathematics
97M10 Modeling and interdisciplinarity
97M20 Mathematics in vocational training and
career education 97Rxx Computer science applications
97M30 Financial and insurance mathematics 97R10 Comprehensive works, collections of
97M40 Operations research, economics programs
97M50 Physics, astronomy, technology, engi- 97R20 Applications in mathematics
neering 97R30 Applications in sciences
97M60 Biology, chemistry, medicine 97R40 Artificial intelligence
97M70 Behavioral and social sciences 97R50 Data bases, information systems
97M80 Arts, music, language, architecture 97R60 Computer graphics
97M99 None of the above, but in this section 97R70 User programs, administrative applica-
tions
97R80 Recreational computing
97R99 None of the above, but in this section
97Nxx Numerical mathematics
97N10 Comprehensive works
97N20 Rounding, estimation, theory of errors 97Uxx Educational material and media.
97N30 Numerical algebra Educational technology
97N40 Numerical analysis 97U20 Analysis of textbooks, development and
97N50 Interpolation and approximation evaluation of textbooks. Textbook use
97N60 Mathematical programming in the classroom
97N70 Discrete mathematics 97U30 Teacher manuals and planning aids
97N80 Mathematical software, computer pro- 97U40 Problem books; student competitions,
grams examination questions
97N99 None of the above, but in this section 97U50 Computer assisted instruction and pro-
grammed instruction
97U60 Manipulative materials and their use in
the classroom
97Pxx Computer science 97U70 Technological tools (computers, calcula-
97P10 Comprehensive works tors, software, etc.) and their use in the
97P20 Theory of computer science classroom
97P30 System software 97U80 Audiovisual media and their use in in-
97P40 Programming languages struction
97P50 Programming techniques 97U99 None of the above, but in this section
97P60 Hardware

159
Education Version 1970

96-XX MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION, ELEMENTARY

96-00 Difficult to classify at the second level (must also be assigned
at least one other classification number in this section)
96-03 Historical

96Axx Curriculum development

96A05 Arithmetic
96A10 Algebra
96A15 Geometry
96A99 None of the above, but in this section

96Bxx Intructional techniques

96B05 Individual differences
96B10 Discovery method
96B15 Laboratory method
96B20 Computer assisted instruction
96B25 Programmed materials
96B30 Manipulative materials (Cusinaire, rods, etc.)
96B99 None of the above, but in this section

96C05 Testing

96D05 Enrichment

96E05 Superior students

96F05 Slow learners

96G05 Psychological studies

96H05 Teacher training

97-XX MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION, SECONDARY

97-00 Difficult to classify at the second level (must also be assigned
at least one other classification number in this section)
97-03 Historical

97Axx Curriculum development

97A05 Arithmetic

160
97A10 Algebra
97A15 Geometry
97A20 Calculus and analysis
97A25 Probability and statistics
97A30 Computer methamatics and numerical analysis
97A35 Applied mathematics
97A99 None of the above, but in this section

97Bxx Intructional techniques

97B05 Individual differences
97B10 Discovery method
97B15 Laboratory method
97B20 Computer assisted instruction
97B25 Programmed materials
97B30 Media and learning aids
97B99 None of the above, but in this section

97C05 Testing

97D05 Enrichment

97E05 Superior students

97F05 Slow learners

97G05 Psychological studies

97H05 Teacher training

98-XX MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION, COLLEGIATE

98-00 Difficult to classify at the second level (must also be assigned
at least one other classification number in this section)
98-03 Historical

98Axx Curriculum development

98A05 Arithmetic
98A10 Algebra
98A15 Geometry
98A20 Calculus and analysis
98A25 Probability and statistics
98A30 Computer methamatics and numerical analysis
98A35 Applied mathematics
98A99 None of the above, but in this section

98Bxx Intructional techniques

98B05 Individual differences
98B10 Discovery method
98B15 Laboratory method
98B20 Computer assisted instruction
98B25 Programmed materials
98B30 Media and learning aids

161
98B99 None of the above, but in this section

98C05 Testing

98D05 Enrichment

98E05 Superior students

98F05 Slow learners

98G05 Psychological studies

98H05 Teacher training

162