Computer Organization & Architecture

Computer Organization

MCA I Semester

Unit-1: Digital Electronics (08 Hrs)

Data Representation in Computer Systems

Introduction, Positional Numbering Systems, Converting Between Bases, Signed

IntegerRepresentation, Floating-Point Representation, Character CodesArithmeticOverview,
Fixed Point Addition and Subtraction, Fixed Point Multiplication and Division,Floating Point
Arithmetic

Boolean Algebra and Digital LogicIntroduction, Boolean Algebra, Boolean Expressions, Boolean
Identities, K-Maps & Mapminimization , Logic Gates, Digital Components, Combinational
Circuits, Sequential Circuits

Unit-2: Memory, Register and Register transfer (08 Hrs)

Register Transfer Language, Bus and Memory Transfers, Bus Architecture, Bus
Arbitration,Arithmetic Logic, Shift Micro-operation, Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit, Design of Fast
address,

Arithmetic Algorithms (addition, subtraction, Booth Multiplication), IEEE standard for

Floatingpoint numbers.

Memory Hierarchy, Main Memory (RAM and ROM Chips), organization of 2D and 2
D,Auxiliary memory, Cache memory, Virtual Memory, Memory management hardware

Unit 3: Control Design (08 Hrs)

Hardwired & Micro Programmed (Control Unit): Fundamental Concepts (Register

Transfers,Performing of arithmetic or logical operations, Fetching a word from memory, storing
a word inmemory), Execution of a complete instruction, Multiple-Bus organization, Hardwired
Control,Micro programmed control(Microinstruction, Microprogram sequencing, Wide-
Branchaddressing, Microinstruction with Next-address field, Prefetching Microinstruction).

Unit 4: (08 Hrs)

Processor Design: Processor Organization: General register organization, Stack

organization,Addressing mode, Instruction format, Data transfer & manipulations, Program
Control, ReducedInstruction Set Computer.
Input-Output Organization:I/O Interface, Modes of transfer, Interrupts & Interrupt
handling,Programmed I/O, Direct Memory access, Input-Output processor, Serial
Communication.

Unit 5: (8 Hrs)

RISC & CICS Architecture, Basic MIPS Implementation, Pipelining, Instruction-

levelParallelism, Parallel Processing Challenges, Flynns Classification, Hardware Multi-
threading,Multicore processing.

Text-Books(TB)

1. Logic and Digital Design, Morris mano and Kimicharels 4th Edition, Prentice Hall.

2.Computer System Architecture, M. Mano(PHI)

3.Computer Organization, Vravice, Zaky&Hamacher (TMH Publication)

Reference Books (RB)

1. Structured Computer Organization, Tannenbaum(PHI)

2. Computer Organization, Stallings(PHI)

3. Computer Organization, John P.Hayes (McGraw Hill)

NEC-309: DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN

Unit-I

Digital Design and Binary Numbers:

Binary Arithmetic, Negative Numbers and their Arithmetic, Floating point representation, Binary
Codes, CyclicCodes, Error Detecting and Correcting Codes, Hamming Codes.

Minterm and Maxterm Realization of Boolean Functions, Gate-level minimization: The map
method up to fourvariable, dont care conditions, SOP and POS simplification, NAND and NOR
implementation, QuineMc- Cluskey Method (Tabular method).

Unit-II

Combinational Logic:

Combinational Circuits, Analysis Procedure, Design Procedure, Binary Adder-Subtractor, Code

Converters,Parity Generators and Checkers, Decimal Adder, Binary Multiplier, Magnitude
Comparator, Decoders,Encoders, Multiplexers, Hazards and Threshold Logic
Unit-III

Memory and Programmable Logic Devices:Semiconductor Memories, RAM, ROM, PLA,

PAL, Memory System design.

Unit-IV

Synchronous Sequential Logic:

Sequential Circuits, Storage Elements: Latches, Flip Flops, Analysis of Clocked Sequential
circuits, statereduction and assignments, design procedure.

Registers and Counters: Shift Registers, Ripple Counter, Synchronous Counter, Other Counters.

Unit-V

Asynchronous Sequential Logic: Analysis procedure, circuit with latches, design procedure,
reduction of stateand flow table, race free state assignment, hazards.

References:

1. M. Morris Mano and M. D. Ciletti, Digital Design, Pearson Education.

2.A.K .Singh, Foundation of Digital Electronics and Logic design,New Age international.

3.M. Rafiquzzaman, Fundamentals of Digital Logic and Microcomputer Design, Wiley

Dreantech Publication.

4.ZVIKohavi, Switching and Finite Automata theory ,Tata McGraw-Hill.

5.C.HRoth,Jr., Fundamentals of Logic Design, ,Jaico Publishing.

6. Rajaraman&Radhakrishnan, Digital Logic and Computer Organization,PHI Learning

Private Limited,Delhi India.

7. Donald D. Givone, Digital Principles and Design, Tata MCGraw Hill. 8.

Marcovitz:Introduction to logic Design ,Tata Mcgraw-hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd.

NCS- 505 Computer Architecture 2 1 0

Unit Topic Proposed
Lectures
I Introduction:. Digital computer generation, computer types and classifications, 8
functional units and their interconnections, buses, bus architecture, types of buses and
bus arbitration. Register, bus and memory transfer.
Central Processing Unit: Addition and subtraction of signed numbers, look ahead
carry adders. Multiplication: Signed operand multiplication, Booths algorithm and
array multiplier. Division and logic operations. Floating point arithmetic operation
Processor organization, general register organization, stack organization and
addressing modes.
II Control Unit: Instruction types, formats, instruction cycles and subcycles ( fetch and 8
execute etc) , micro-operations, execution of a complete instruction. Hardwire and
microprogrammed control: microprogramme sequencing, wide branch addressing,
microinstruction with next address field, pre-fetching microinstructions, concept of
horizontal and vertical microprogramming.
III Memory: Basic concept and hierarchy, semiconductor RAM memories, 2D & 2 1/2D 8
memory organization. ROM memories. Cache memories: concept and design issues 9
performance, address mapping and replacement) Auxiliary memories: magnetic disk,
magnetic tape and optical disks Virtual memory: concept implementation.
IV Input / Output: Peripheral devices, I/O interface, I/O ports, Interrupts: interrupt 8
hardware, types of interrupts and exceptions. Modes of Data Transfer: Programmed
I/O, interrupt initiated I/O and Direct Memory Access., I/O channels and processors.
Serial Communication: Synchronous & asynchronous communication, standard
communication interfaces.