Assignment1:RobbiedelaVega

1. IhaveattemptedthediagnosticquizIDNumber:272662085
2a.Theexammarkmustbeatleast45%whichisnecessarytopass
thecourse.
2b.Thefinalmarkiscalculatedbasedontheassignmentswhichis
worth20%andEitherthemidsemestertestworth20%andtheexam
worth60%ORthemidsemestertestworth10%andtheexamworth
70%
3. IhaveattemptedtheiNZightquizIDNumber:272662085

Question4:IronManDataPlots
4a.Aclusterofdataappearsbetween90minsand120mins.The
slowestcompetitorhasaruntime210.6mins(deducedbygettingthe
summaryoftheplotandlookingatthemaxnumber).

4b.ThedistributionofbothMaleandFemaledataarepositively
skewed(skewedright)andthisisbecausethemeanofthemale
(117.8)andFemale(126.0)isgreaterthanthemedian(MaleMedian
=113.4/FemaleMedian=122.8).Inorderforthedistributiontobe
positivelyskewed,themeanshouldbegreaterthanthemediani.e.
mean>median.Bylookingatthedata,thereisagreaternumberof
malesdoingtheironmanchallengethanfemales.Thesampledata
confirmsthisandshowsthatthereare545malescompetingand164
femalescompeting.
4c.RunbyAgegroupplot:Bylookingattheplots,Icaninferthat
theyoungestcompetitorsagedbetween1834areabletorunquicker
duetothelikelihoodthatageplaysavitalrolewithrespectto
physicalstamina,energyandbodycondition/healthofthe
competitors.BylookingattheSummaryofthestatistics,weare
shownameanof112.1minuteswiththefastesttimedisplayedas
71.78minutes.Forcomparison,thecompetitorsintheagegroupof
5979haveaminimumruntimeof97.53minsandameanof
129.8mins.
(SummarypartofRunbyAgeGroupgraph)

4d.Thereareatotalof709peopleinthesamplesize.Thismeansthat
femalesmakeupjustover1/5ofthesamplepopulation(23.1%tobe
exact).ThisseemstosuggestthattheIronmancompetition(although
opentoeveryone)attractsmoremalesthanfemales.Thereisaclear
similaritybetweenmalesandfemaleswhenwecomparetheirageand
theirruntimes.Lookingatthedataoftheagegroup,themostnumber
ofcompetitorsformaleandfemaleisagedbetween3544withthe
samplesizesumforthisagegroupbeing253participants.However,
thereisadecreaseinnumberofparticipantsasageincreases.Thisis
shownforagegroups4554(whichdropsdownto213)andage
groups5579(whichfurtherdropsdownto66participants)which
suggeststhatasageincreasesespeciallywhenaround4554yearsof
ageandfurtheronintothe50s70sage,therearelessparticipants
intheIronmanchallenge.Anothersimilarityisthat,someofthe
fastesttimesforbothmaleandfemaleparticipantsintheRun
categoryweresetbytheyoungestparticipantsintheagegroupof18
34.Themalesfastestrunnerranatimeof71.78minsandthe
femalesfastestrunnerranatimeof85.35mins.Lookingatthesame
agegroup,themaleshaveapositivelyskeweddistributionandthisis
becausetheirmeanisgreaterthantheirmedian.Bylookingatthe
data,thereseemstobeaclearrelationshipbetweentheagegroup,
genderandtherunningtimeofparticipants.Regardlessofgender,it
seemsthattheyoungerparticipantsgenerallyperformbetterthantheir
oldercounterpartsduetoage.Thisisshownbythemeanruntimes
fortheagegroupof1834vs5579.Forthemeanruntimeofmales
in1834,themalesranwithameantimeof109.5minsandthe
femalesranameantimeof120.3mins.However,whenwecompare
thesetimeswiththeruntimesofthemalesandfemalesintheage
groupof5579,theirmeanruntimeformaleswas128.3andfor
femaleswas132.7.Thisclearlyshowsthatregardlessofwhatgender
youare(maleorfemale)asyouage,yourbodyperformance
decreasesandthisisreflectedbythemeanruntimesofthe
participantsintheIronmanchallenge.
5a.TheproportionofcompetitorsfromAustraliais17.07%or
17.07/100.
5b.Theproportionofmalesinsidetheagegroupfor45+(inclage
group5579)is40%or2/5.

5c.NewZealandhadthebiggestproportionoffemaleparticipants
withaproportionof65.2%.
5d.TheproportionofprofessionalsinthecountryNewZealandwas
51.9%.
6a.
Male Female Total
Cheat 60 57 117
DidNotCheat 736 864 1600
Totals 796 921 1717

6b.Theproportionofstudentthatwerecaughtcheatingwere(60/117)
or51.28%.

6c.2xmorelikely.

7ai.Study1:GroupAwasgivenPlaceboandGroupBwasgiventhe
newdrug.Study2:MaleandFemalegivensimilarSurvey.
7aii.Study1:Bloodpressure.Study2:Responserate
7aiii.Study1isanexperimentbecauseitistestingout(orapplying)
anewtreatment(thenewdrug)inordertodeterminewhetherthenew
drughadanyeffectonbloodpressure.Someexperimentaldesign
methodsincludedhereare:86peoplewererandomlychosenandwere
splitintotwogroupswhereonegroupwasgivenaplaceboandthe
othergroupwasgiventhenewdrug.Theresearchermeasuredthe
beforeandaftereffectsofbothgroupspriortotakingthedrug(or
placebo)andafter.Theresearchersarebasingtheirexperimentonthe
ontheobservationthatthenewpillwillhaveachangeinblood
pressure.

Study2isanobservationalstudybecausetheresearcherjustwants
tomeasurethetimeittakesforparticipantstoanswerasurvey.

7biandii.Arandom86peoplewerechosenwhichmeansthateither
malesarehealthierthanfemalesorfemalesarehealthierthanmales.
Sincetheexperimentwasconductedwitharandomsampleof86,we
couldhave86differenttypesofhealthstatusesregardlessofgender.
Thismeansthatthereisagreaterpossibilityofobservinghealthrisks
associatedwithabnormalbloodpressure.Itisnotguaranteedbecause
wedonotknowthestatusofhealthforbothgendertypes.
7biii.Wecanmodifytheexperimentbychoosingmalesandfemales
withvaryinglevelsofhealthi.e.healthyfemalesandmalesandothers
withpotentialriskstotheirheart(sincebloodpressureisrelatedtothe
stateoftheheart).Alternatively,wecouldselectfemalesandmales
whohavehadaheartattackandthosewhohaventhadaheartattack
intheirlifetime.

7c:Study1usedacontrolgroup.Thisisbecauseitiscomparinga
newdrugtoplacebo.Itcomparesagroupgivenatreatment(new
drug)vs.agroupgivenplacebo.