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Abstract
The research has been done on 48 participants - top male karate competitors, juniors, from 20 karate
clubs from Macedonia. Subject of this research are karate elements which are most frequently used in
karate fight, and the basic aim is to establish the structure of the same karate elements that are used in
karate fight. In the research, 36 variables were applied: 4 anthropometric variables, 4 variables for esti-
mation on the explosive strength, 4 variables for estimation on the segmented velocity (frequency of move-
ments), 12 variables of the karate elements used in the karate fighting and 12 variables for estimation of
the specific karate abilities in 3 motor spaces: 4 variables for estimation of the specific karate coordina-
tion, 4 variables for estimation of the specific karate precision and 4 variables for estimation of the spe-
cific karate balance. This research examines the factors of used karate elements in sports fighting. The
results obtained show existing of grouping by space of the variables being used in the research.
Key Words: karate elements, sports fight, segmented velocity, specic karate abilities, specic karate
coordination, specic karate precision, specic karate balance.
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Zarko, K., et. al..: FACTORIAL STRUCTURE OF KARATE... PESH 1(2012) 1:53-59
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Zarko, K., et. al..: FACTORIAL STRUCTURE OF KARATE... PESH 1(2012) 1:53-59
of the results in a given test, KS - Kolmogorov- variance, Lambda - characteristic roots which
Smirnov which is determined by the normal distri- explains the common variance of each major iso-
bution of results. lated component, h2 - communality - size of the
Factor analysis- the aim is, from the number of explain part of the total variance of each variable.
the interconnected manifest variables, reduce the
smaller number of each relatively independent RESULTS AND DISCUSION
latent variables which can explain the mutual rela- Basic descriptive statistical parameters
tion of the analyzed manifest variables. H - the first From the data provided in Table 1, it can be
principal component - explains most of the total concluded that the distribution of the anthropomet-
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Zarko, K., et. al..: FACTORIAL STRUCTURE OF KARATE... PESH 1(2012) 1:53-59
rical variables, motor variables and variables spe- Factor Loadings (Unrotated) (Matrica juniori)
cific to karate skills is moving within the limits of Extraction: Maximum likelihood factors
the normal distribution of results, while even (Marked loadings are > ,500000)
(Table 2)
among the variables applied in karate fight there is
deviation from the normal distribution the results. F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 h2
The results show that the values of standard devia-
ATT -,81 -,13 -,08 ,06 ,15 ,88
tion (Std.Dev) among these variables (KNUR =
8.97, KN2UR= 4.63, KKNRNNR = 1.35, ATV -,97 ,08 -,03 -,03 ,03 ,92
KNUNT= 4.26, KNUNG = 3.44, KKNPU = 2.50, ADRAKA -,77 -,14 -,07 ,14 -,23 ,85
KOB = 3.65, KOI = 3.67, KOBKN= 2:19, KPGC ADNOGA -,82 ,06 -,07 -,12 -,10 ,81
= 2.58, KPKC= 1.09, KKAZNA = 0.97) is higher MSMD -,27 -,38 ,33 ,55 ,26 ,69
than a third compared to the values of the arith- MSMV -,23 -,45 ,03 ,52 -,18 ,78
metic middle. Such deviation is evident among the
MTVS20 -,07 ,22 -,20 -,58 -,18 ,68
three variables for the estimation of particular
MUNMG ,26 -,51 ,06 ,40 -,05 ,75
karate balance (SOHMG = 9.70 SZHMG = 0.96
and SOHMAG = 19.61) The remaining results of TRSR -,05 -,46 -,79 ,05 -,09 ,85
the values of standard deviations (Std.Dev) TNSR ,08 -,74 -,23 ,04 ,21 ,85
amount to one third compared to the aritmetical TRFR10 ,07 -,47 -,56 ,05 ,03 ,65
mean to indicates that the main grouping of the TNFR10 ,01 -,45 ,03 -,23 ,31 ,66
results is moving around its own mean. The values SHC ,15 ,63 -,28 ,16 -,14 ,75
of the Gaus curve (Skewness) are in the range of
SHMG ,08 ,73 -,21 ,25 ,33 ,80
moderate symmetry (+1 -1) among variables, with
the exception of variables MSMV= 1.18 KNUR = TSHUSHC ,30 ,57 -,55 ,12 -,17 ,90
1.48, KN2UR= 1.74, KKNPU = 1.30, KPKC= TSHUSHMG ,15 ,79 -,19 ,08 ,27 ,85
1.63, SHC = 1.78, UNMSR = -1.15, SOHMG = URMSR -,15 ,12 ,09 -,17 -,14 ,44
2.62, SZHMG = 1.41, SOHMAG= 5.78, SZH- URMFR ,07 -,13 -,13 -,05 ,19 ,62
MAG = 1.42) which emphasizes the concentration UNMSR ,40 -,42 ,13 -,38 ,00 ,74
of the results towards smaller values. The values
UNMFR ,06 -,05 -,30 ,20 ,04 ,61
??of the Gaus curve (Kurtosis) is platicurtical
SOHMG ,11 -,28 -,33 -,22 ,47 ,72
which emphasizes the greater discrimination of the
results, while the exception make variables SZHMG ,01 -,32 -,13 -,27 ,44 ,44
(KN2UR = 4.97, KNUNG= 6.86 KOBKN = SOHMAG ,22 -,17 -,25 -,21 ,48 ,61
16.78, KPKC = 4.25, SHC= 4.25, SOHMG = SZHMAG ,15 -,49 ,09 -,06 ,19 ,58
6.52, SOHMAG = 35.75, SZHMAG = 3.47) where Expl.Var 3,49 4,44 1,95 1,65 1,34
as it is evident leptokurtical of the curve, or the Prp.Totl 0,15 0,19 0,08 0,07 0,06
higher concentration of results around their mean.
The distribution of the results of the variables,
obtained by the method of Kolmogorov - Smirnov explication of variability and covariability of the
shows that the values of all variables does not manifest variables applied to the sample karate
derogate of the normal distribution of results. competitors (Table 2). From the heights of the pro-
jections of the manifest variables of the first prin-
Factor analysis applied to variables cipal component of unrotated factor matrix can be
In Table 2 are presented the results of factor concluded that most of variables have significant,
analysis applied to variables, in the unrotated but the medium to medium high projections, it
matrix. may be that the principle means that the received
The characteristic roots and h explained vari- factors in a relatively significant correlation and
ance of the motor manifest variables by the sig- that izolating the factors of high order would be
nificant principal components in the space of first justified. The value of communality is high, this
order are given in Table. 3. The applied Guttman- means that the system of factors go relatively well
Kaiser criterion extracted 5 significant latent defined variability and covariability of the mani-
dimensions that appears to be sufficient for the fest variablesOrthogonal varimax solution (Table
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Zarko, K., et. al..: FACTORIAL STRUCTURE OF KARATE... PESH 1(2012) 1:53-59
From the received results of this research, we 3. factor of the segmentary speed or frequency
can conclude that from the variables which are of movements
most frequently used in karate fight, for the age 4. factor of explosive strenght of the lower
categories juniors, we can define 5 latent factors: limbs
1. factor of the longitudinal dimension of the 5. factor of specific karate balance
skeleton
2. factor of the specific karate coordination
LITERATURA
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Antropologicum. 30, (2); 327-333
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Jovanovic S. Milosevic, M., Mudric R. (1994) Specificne sposobnosti karate sportista u izvoenju kombinovanih
tehnika napada Fizicka kultura, 49, 3-4 Beograd, 230-237
Katic, R., Blazevic, St., Krstulovic, S., Mulic, R. (2005)Morphological structures of elite karateka and their
impact on technical and fighting efficiency. Collegium antropologicum. 29 , (1); 79-84
Koropanovski, N., Dopsaj, M., Jovanovic, S. (2008). Characteristics of pointing actions of top male competitors
in karate at world and europian level. Brazilian Journal of biometricity Vol 2, Issue 4; 241-51.
Kostovski, Z., Zljkovic, M., Zupina, S., & Macarevic, M. (2010). Struktura nekih specifinih i bazicno motorick-
ih testova za ocenivanje motorike kod karatista uzrasta od 16 do 18 godina. 3. Medjunarodni Simpozijum sport
i zdravlje , 139-144.
Kostovski, Z. (2011). Factorial structure of karate elements in sport fight and their influence on the achievements
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motornite sposobnosti i natprevaruva~kata efikasnost na karatistite, Fizi~ka kultura,
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Okiljevic, D., Nurkic, M., Stankovic, N. i Lolic, D. (2010). Povezanost motorickih i situaciono - motorickih
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Soklevska, I., E. (2011). Struktura na karate elementite vo sportska borba i nivnoto vlijanie
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Correspondence:
Zarko Kostovski
Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
Faculty of Physical Culture,
Zeleznicka b.b.
1000, Skopje, Macedonia
e-mail:zarkokostovski@hotmail.com
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Zarko, K., et. al..: FACTORIAL STRUCTURE OF KARATE... PESH 1(2012) 1:53-59
UDK:796.853.26.071.2 (497.7)
(Originalen nau~en trud)
Abstrakt
Istra`uvaweto be{e sprovedeno na 48 ispitanici, vrvni karate sportisti, od
ma{ki pol, juniori od 20 klubovi od R. Makedonija. Predmet na ova istra`uvawe se
karate elementite. Predmet na ova istra`uvawe pretstavuvaat karate elementite
koi naj~esto se primenuvaat za vreme na izveduvawe na karate borba, a kako osnovna cel e
utvrduvawe na strukturata na karate elementite koi se izveduvaat za vreme na sport-
skata borba. Vo istra`uvaweto bea primeneti vkupno 36 varijabli od koi: 4
antropometriski varijabli, 4 varijabli za procenka na eksplozivnata sila, 4 varijabli
za procenka na segmentarnata brzina (frekfencija na dvi`ewa), 12 varijabli na karate
elementi koi se primenuvaat vo sportska karate borba i 12 varijabli za procenka na
specifi~nite karate sposobnosti grupirani vo 3 motori~ki prostori pretstaveni so:
4 varijabli za procenka na specifi~nata karate koordinacija, 4 varijabli za procenka na
specifi~nata karate preciznost i 4 varijabli za procenka na specifi~nata karate ram-
note`a. Vo ova istra`uvawe prou~uvani se faktorite na karate elementite vo sport-
ska borba. Rezultatite koi se dobieni od ova istra`uvawe poka`uvaat deka postoi
grupirawe po prostori na tretiranite varijablikoi se koristeni vo istra`uvaweto.
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