06/06/2016 TheInverseZTransform

TheInverseZTransform

GivenaZdomainfunction,thereareseveralwaystoperformaninverseZTransform:
LongDivision

DirectComputation

PartialFractionExpansionwithTableLookup

DirectInversion

Theonlytwoofthesethatwewillregularlyusearedirectcomputationandpartialfractionexpansion.


InverseZTransformbyLongDivision

TounderstandhowaninverseZTransformcanbeobtainedbylongdivision,considerthefunction

Ifweperformlongdivision

wecanseethat

Sothesequencef[k]isgivenby

Uponinspection

Note:WealreadyknewthisbecausetheformofF(z)isonethatwehaveworkedwithpreviously(i.e.,theexponentialfunction).

Thistechniqueislaborioustodobyhand,butcanbereducedtoanalgorithmthatcanbeeasily
solvedbycomputer.

InverseZTransformbyDirectComputation
Theneedforthistechnique,aswellasitsimplementation,willbemadeclearwhenweconsider
transferfunctionsintheZdomain.Wewillpresentthismethodatthattime.

http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/ZXform/InvZXform/InvZXform.html 1/3
06/06/2016 TheInverseZTransform

InverseZTransformbyPartialFractionExpansion
ThistechniqueusesPartialFractionExpansiontosplitupacomplicatedfractionintoformsthatarein
theZTransformtable.Ifyouareunfamiliarwithpartialfractions,hereisanexplanation.

Asanexampleconsiderthefunction

Forreasonsthatwillbecomeobvioussoon,werewritethefractionbeforeexpandingitbydividingthe
leftsideoftheequationby"z."

Nowwecanperformapartialfractionexpansion

ThesefractionsarenotinourtableofZTransforms.Howeverifwebringthe"z"fromthe
denominatoroftheleftsideoftheequationintothenumeratoroftherightside,wegetformsthatarein
thetableofZTransformsthisiswhyweperformedthefirststepofdividingtheequationby"z."

So

or

Example

Verifythepreviousexamplebylongdivision.

http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/ZXform/InvZXform/InvZXform.html 2/3
06/06/2016 TheInverseZTransform

So

andthesequencef[k]isgivenby

InverseZTransformbyDirectInversion
Thismethodrequiresthetechniquesofcontourintegrationoveracomplexplane.Inparticular

Thecontour,G,mustbeinthefunctionsregionofconvergence.Thistechniquemakesuseof
ResidueTheoryandComplexAnalysisandisbeyondthescopeofthisdocument.Reference.

References

Copyright2005to2015ErikCheeverThispagemaybefreelyusedforeducational
purposes.
Comments?Questions?Suggestions?Corrections?
ErikCheeverDepartmentofEngineeringSwarthmoreCollege

http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/ZXform/InvZXform/InvZXform.html 3/3