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DOCUMENTS INTERDITS
Solutions
Solution 1
2. On a det (A) = 0; la matrice A nest pas inversible par suite f nest pas inversible. 3 points
1 0
3. det (A) = 0 mais = 2 6= 0 donc dim Im f = rangA = 2
1 2
8
< X =a+c
Soit (X; Y; Z) = f (a; b; c) ; donc on a Y = a + 2b 2c
:
Z = 2a 2b + c
On remarque que X + Y + Z = 0 () Z = X Y
donc (X; Y; Z) = (X; Y; X Y ) = X (1; 0 1) + Y (0; 1; 1)
Im f = f(X; Y; Z) =X + Y + Z = 0g une base de Im f est f(1; 0; 1) ; (0; 1; 1)g 5 points
2 = 1 : v2 = @ A ; Av2 = v2
8
< + =
() +2 2 = =) = 0 et =
:
2 2 =
0 1 0 1
1
v2 = @ A et V2 = @ 1 A 2 points
0 0
0 1
m
3 = 3 : v 3 = @ n A ; Av3 = 3v3
p
8
< m + p = 3m
() m + 2n 2p = 3n =) p = 2m et n = 3m
:
p 2n 2m = 3p
0 1 0 1
m 1
v3 = @ 3m A ; V3 = @ 3 A 2 points
2m 2
1 0
x
5. En posant Y = @ y A le systme scrit : Y 0 = AY; La matrice A est diagonalisable 2 points
z
3
X
La solution gnrale est Y = Ci Vi e it
i=1
10 0 1 0 1
1 1 1
B 3 C
Y = C1 @ A + C2 @ 1 A et + C3 @ 3 A e3t 3 points soit :
2 0 2
1
8 t 3t
< x (t) = C1 + C2 e + C3 e
>
3
y (t) = C1 C2 et 3C3 e3t 5 points
>
: 2
z (t) = C1 + 2C3 e3t
Solution 2
0 12 0 1
4 1 2 1 0 0
1. B 2 = @ 3 0 2 A = @ 0 1 0 A = I 5 points
6 2 3 0 0 1
3 2
B = B B = IB = B B = B2B2 = I 2 = I
4
I si n = 2k
8n 2 N : B n = 3 points
B si n = 2k + 1
2. M = B I; N = B + I
(a) M 2 = B 2 + I 2 2B = I + I 2B = 2 (B I) = 2M
M 3 = M 2 M = ( 2M ) M = 2 ( 2M ) = ( 2)2 M
par rcurrence on trouve, pour n 6= 0 :
M n = ( 2)n 1
M 5 points
N 2 = B 2 + I 2 + 2B = I + I + 2B = 2 (B + I) = 2N
on obtient, pour n 6= 0 :
N n = 2n 1
N 5 points
+1
X +1
X +1
X
B n tn B 2k t2k B 2k+1 t2k+1
(b) exp (Bt) = = +
n! (2k)! (2k + 1)!
n=0 k=0 k=0
+1
X 2k X+1 X t2k +1X t2k+1 +1
It Bt2k+1
= + =I +B
(2k)! (2k + 1)! (2k)! (2k + 1)!
k=0 k=0 k=0 k=0
= I cosh t + B sinh t 6 points
+1
X +1
X +1
M n tn ( 2)n 1 M tn 1 X ( 2)n tn
exp (M t) = =I+ =I M
n! n! 2 n!
n=0 n=1 n=1
1
=I M e 2t 1 3 points
2
+1
X +1
X +1
N n tn (2)n 1 N tn 1 X (2)n tn
exp (N t) = =I+ =I+ N
n! n! 2 n!
n=0 n=0 n=0
1
= I + N e2t 1 3 points
2
2 = 2 + j ! v2 = @ A =Av2 = (2 + j) v2
8
< 2 = (2 + j)
2 + = (2 + j) =) [ = 0; = j ]
:
2 = (2 + j)
0 1 0 1 0 1
0 0 0
v2 = @ j A = @ 0 A + j @ 1 A = u + jv 3 points
1 0
3 = 2 j ! v 3 = u jv
00 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 0 0
X1 = @@ 0 A cos t @ 1 A sin tA e2t = @ sin t A e2t 5 points
1 0 cos t
00 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 0 0
X2 = @@ 0 A sin t + @ 1 A cos tA e2t = @ cos t A e2t 5 points
1 0 sin t
Y 0
= C1 0
Y1 + C X + C X
12 1 0 3 2 1 0 11
1 0 0
@
= C1 @ 0 A + C2 @ sin t A + C3 @ cos t AA e2t 2 points
0 cos t sin t
8
< x (t) = C1 e2t
y (t) = (C2 sin t C3 cos t) e2t 5 points
:
z (t) = (C2 cos t + C3 sin t) e2t