02a-2gscnom Mscihlri I-Series Architecture 6-65789

DX200 MSC/HLR
Introduction to Circuit Switch Core Network
Nokia MSCi / HLRi Architecture

Training Document
M12
6-65789 Nokia Oyj 1 (116)

Issue 5.0
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Copyright Nokia Oyj 2003. All rights reserved.
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Contents
Contents
1 Objectives ............................................................................................ 7
2 Introduction.......................................................................................... 8
3 Overview of 2G/3G network architecture and CS Core

Network ..................................................................................... 9
3.1 Network Subsystem ............................................................................... 9
3.2 Integrated IP Trunk .............................................................................. 12
3.3 Structural design.................................................................................. 12
3.3.1 Modular structure................................................................................. 13
3.3.2 Redundancy principles......................................................................... 13
3.4 NEMU 13
3.5 Chapter review .................................................................................... 15
4 MSCi/HLRi hardware.......................................................................... 16
4.1 Cabinets .............................................................................................. 16
4.2 Cartridges ............................................................................................ 19
4.2.1 CPCI cartridges ................................................................................... 19
4.2.2 Non-cPCI cartridges ............................................................................ 19
4.3 Plug-in units......................................................................................... 20
4.4 Chapter review .................................................................................... 21
5 MSCi design ....................................................................................... 22

5.1 MSCi system architecture .................................................................... 22
5.2 Functional Unit types ........................................................................... 23
5.3 Base Station Signalling Unit (BSU) ...................................................... 25
5.4 Basic Data Communications Unit (BDCU) ........................................... 26
5.5 Cellular Management Unit (CMU) ........................................................ 27
5.6 Central Memory (CM) .......................................................................... 28
5.7 Channel Associated Signalling Unit (CASU) ........................................ 29
5.8 Charging Unit (CHU)............................................................................ 30
5.9 Clock System (CLS) ............................................................................ 32
5.9.1 Clock System Unit (CLSU)................................................................... 32
5.9.2 Clock and Alarm Buffer Unit (CLBU) .................................................... 33
5.10 Common Channel Signalling Management Unit (CCMU) ..................... 34
5.11 Common Channel Signalling Unit (CCSU) ........................................... 35
5.12 Compact Data Service Unit (CDSU) .................................................... 37
5.12.1 CDSU General Pool (CDSU Pool) ....................................................... 38
5.12.2 CDSU UDI Pool (NDSD Pool).............................................................. 39
5.12.3 CDSU (NDSM Pool) ............................................................................ 40
5.13 Echo Cancelling and Terminal (ECET) ................................................ 41
5.14 Exchange Terminal (ET) ...................................................................... 43
5.15 Group Switch 2048 (GSW 2048).......................................................... 44
5.16 IP interfaces in the MSCi ..................................................................... 45
5.16.1 Control LAN for SIGTRAN ................................................................... 45
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5.16.2 Centralised O&M LAN.......................................................................... 47

5.17 IP trunk Functional Units...................................................................... 48
5.17.1 Internet Protocol Exchange Terminal (IPET) ........................................ 48
5.17.2 LAN for IP Trunk .................................................................................. 49
5.17.2.1 LAN Switch UNIT (LANU) ................................................................... 50
5.17.2.2 LAN switches in IPETC-A (LASW) ...................................................... 51
5.17.3 Trunk Gateway Signalling Unit (TGSU)................................................ 52
5.18 Marker (M) ........................................................................................... 53
5.19 Message Bus (MB) .............................................................................. 54
5.20 Multifrequency Signalling Unit (MFSU)................................................. 55
5.21 Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) .............................................. 56
5.22 Power Distribution Fuse Unit (PDFU/PDFU-A)..................................... 57
5.23 Primary Rate Access Unit (PAU).......................................................... 57
5.24 Statistical Unit (STU)............................................................................ 59
5.25 Storage device cartridge (SD4C-A)...................................................... 60
5.26 Visitor Location Register Unit (VLRU) .................................................. 61
5.27 Chapter review..................................................................................... 62
6 HLRi/AC/EIR design........................................................................... 66
6.1 HLRi system architecture ..................................................................... 66
6.2 HLR Workstation.................................................................................. 67
6.3 Functional Units in HLRi/AC/EIR.......................................................... 68
6.4 Authentication Centre Unit (ACU) ........................................................ 69
6.5 Basic Data Communications Unit (BDCU) ........................................... 70
6.6 Central Memory and Marker (CMM)..................................................... 72
6.7 Clock System (CLS)............................................................................. 73
6.7.1 Clock System Unit (CLSU)................................................................... 73
6.7.2 Clock and Alarm Buffer Unit (CLBU) .................................................... 74
6.8 Common Channel Signalling Unit (CCSU) ........................................... 75
6.9 Database Distributor Unit (DBDU)........................................................ 76
6.10 Equipment Identity Register (EIR) ........................................................ 77
6.10.1 Equipment Main Unit (EMU) ................................................................ 77
6.10.2 Equipment Identity Register Unit (EIRU) .............................................. 78
6.11 Exchange Terminal (ET) ...................................................................... 79
6.12 Group Switch 512 (GSW 512).............................................................. 80
6.13 Home Location Register Unit (HLRU) .................................................. 81
6.14 IP interfaces in the HLRi ...................................................................... 82
6.14.1 Control LAN for SIGTRAN ................................................................... 82
6.14.2 Centralised O&M LAN.......................................................................... 84
6.15 Message Bus (MB) .............................................................................. 86
6.16 Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) .............................................. 86
6.17 Power Distribution Fuse Unit (PDFU)................................................... 87
6.18 Statistical Unit (STU)............................................................................ 88
6.19 Storage device cartridges (SD3C-A / SD4C-A) .................................... 89
6.19.1 Storage device cartridge (SD4C-A)...................................................... 89
6.19.2 Storage device cartridge (SD3C-A)...................................................... 90
6.20 Chapter review..................................................................................... 91
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Contents
7 MSS concept ...................................................................................... 94

7.1 MSS hardware architecture.................................................................. 94
7.1.1 Stand-alone MSS................................................................................. 94
7.1.2 Integrated MSS.................................................................................... 95
7.1.3 Redundancy ........................................................................................ 96
7.1.4 Base Station Signalling Unit (BSU) ...................................................... 97
7.1.5 Basic Data Communication Unit (BDCU) ............................................. 97
7.1.6 Cellular Management Unit (CMU) ........................................................ 97
7.1.7 Central Memory (CM) .......................................................................... 97
7.1.8 Common Channel Signalling Management Unit (CCMU) ..................... 97
7.1.9 Charging Unit (CHU)............................................................................ 98
7.1.10 Clock and Synchronisation Unit (CLS) ................................................. 98
7.1.11 Common Channel Signalling Unit (CCSU) ........................................... 98
7.1.12 Compact Data Service Unit (CDSU) .................................................... 98
7.1.13 Local Area Network Switch Unit (LANU) .............................................. 98
7.1.14 Channel Associated Signalling Unit (CASU) and MF Signalling
Unit (MFSU) ............................................................................. 99
7.1.15 Echo Cancelling and Exchange Terminal (ECET)................................ 99
7.1.16 Exchange Terminal (ET) ...................................................................... 99
7.1.17 Internet Protocol Exchange Terminal (IPET) ........................................ 99
7.1.18 Trunk Gateway Signalling Unit (TGSU)................................................ 99
7.1.19 Group Switch (GSW) ........................................................................... 99
7.1.20 Marker (M) ..........................................................................................100
7.1.21 Operation and Maintenance Unit (O&M) .............................................100
7.1.22 Primary Rate Access Unit (PAU) ........................................................100
7.1.23 Statistical Unit (STU) ..........................................................................100
7.1.24 Visitor Location Register Unit (VLRU) .................................................100
7.2 Overview of the CDS in GSM/3G networks.........................................101
7.2.1 CDS hardware architecture.................................................................101
7.2.2 Advantages of the CDS ......................................................................102
7.2.3 Operating principles............................................................................102
7.2.4 Statistics in CDS .................................................................................103
8 I-series architecture: Differences between M11 and M12 ..............105

8.1 New hardware items in M12................................................................105
8.1.1 IC209-A equipment cabinet ................................................................105
8.1.2 Central Processing Unit CP710-A .......................................................106
8.1.3 MR512M .............................................................................................106
8.1.4 Cartridges ...........................................................................................106
8.1.5 Magneto Optical Disk Unit (MO91)......................................................107
8.1.6 SECMO-B...........................................................................................107
8.1.7 CHU in SRRi.......................................................................................107
8.2 High Capacity HLR .............................................................................107
8.2.1 Requirements .....................................................................................107
8.3 Integrated MSC Server .......................................................................108
8.4 XML File Format .................................................................................109
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9 Check your understanding.............................................................. 110
10 Glossary ........................................................................................... 111

10.1 Definitions.......................................................................................... 111
10.2 Abbreviations ..................................................................................... 113
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Objectives
1 Objectives
On completion of this module, you should be able to:
List the main functions of DX 200 network elements, the MSCi/VLR and
HLRi/AC/EIR
List the Functional Units of the MSCi and HLRi and the main tasks of the
MSCi/HLRi, NEMU and HLR Workstation
Describe the physical realisation, including the plug-in-units and
interfaces of these units
List the redundancy principles for the units in the MSCi and HLRi
Explain the dimensional capabilities of each Functional Unit
Explain the possibility to use the same hardware for different purposes
with different pre-processor software
Describe the implementation of the interfaces between the MSCi/HLRi,
HLRi, and NEMU
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2 Introduction
The Nokia DX 200 i-series improves network capacity, while at the same time
minimises the space required and lowers operation costs.
The main products are the MSCi, HLRi, Transit MSCi, Compact MSCi, and the
SRRi.
This document deals with the MSCi and HLRi.
The following is a summary of the other products listed above:
Transit MSCi
The Transit MSCi serves as the master MSC of the GSM network, through
which all, or at least the bulk of the traffic between the slave MSCs of the
network is routed. It is also the gateway, which links the network to the Public
Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
It has the same functionality as the MSCi, but lacks certain Functional Units
(FU).
Compact MSCi
As the name suggests, the Compact MSCi is a small MSC. The number of
exchange terminals and VLRUs are lower.
SRRi
The SRRi is a network element, which assists in operation and maintenance
tasks in the network. It helps with operational functions, such as administration
of mobile number translation data and performance measurements; maintenance
functions, such as recovery, supervision, alarm system, testing services, and
diagnostics; and system configuration management (changing hardware and
software configurations).
For more information on Nokia DX 200 i-series products, see Engineering
Descriptions.
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Overview of 2G/3G network architecture and CS Core Network
3 Overview of 2G/3G network architecture

and CS Core Network
The generic 2G/3G network architecture can be divided into three subsystems:
the Circuit Switch Core Network (CS Core Network), the Base Station
Subsystem (BSS), and the Network Management Subsystem (NMS). This
document concentrates on the CS Core Network only.
The CS Core Network is essential to a telecom network. It performs the main
switching functions for the network.
3.1 Network Subsystem

The CS Core Network is known as the Network Subsystem (NSS). It is made up
of two network elements: the Mobile Switching Centre (MSCi) and the Home
Location Register (HLRi).
The MSCi covers switching functions required by the MSCi, the Visitor
Location Register (VLR), and the Service Switching Point (SSP).
The HLRi, which is an integrated HLRi, Authentication Centre (AUC), and
Equipment Identity Register (EIR), handles home subscriber information.
Like all DX 200 i-series network elements, the MSCi can be configured for use
in the E1 (ETSI) or T1 (ANSI) environment, with true interfaces of either type.
This eliminates the need for internal or external conversion devices.
In the Nokia 3G solution, the existing GSM network resources can be easily
used in the UMTS network with the use of the Multimedia Gateway (MGW),
which connects the MSCi to the 3G-radio network. This means that 3G
networks also support GSM, which benefits both operators and subscribers.
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Figure 1 shows the network elements in a GSM / 3G network.
BSS and RAN subsystems CS Core Network domain
A-int.
3G MSC/MSS
GSM mobile
HLR
GSM BS BSC
MGW R99
A-int.
GSM BS BSC
lu-int.
GSM/UMTS MGW R4
mobile
PSTN/ISDN/IP
UMTS BS RNC
lu-int.
UMTS mobile
xxxx xxxx
xxxxxx
xxxx
12.12.2000
xxxx
IN Service Control Point
xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
UMTS BS RNC
Figure 1 GSM / 3G network
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Figure 2 gives an overview of a GSM/3G network.
Network Subsystem (GSM + 3G)

Transit MSC /
IP Trunk
IN
Service
Control Point
HLR / AUC / EIR SRR
PSTN / ISDN
3G MSC / IP
IP Trunk network
Packet
Multimedia Core
Gateway
Transcoder
Submultiplexer
(GSM) GGSN
2G SGSN 3G SGSN
Base RNC Radio

Co-sited
station Network
controller
(GSM) BSC Controller
3G
GSM + 3G
Base Station
GSM Subsystem
3G
Base (WCDMA)
station Base station
DN0128982
GSM
Mobile 3G Mobile
Figure 2 Overview of a GSM/UMTS network
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3.2 Integrated IP Trunk

As a part of the migration toward All-IP 3G, the M11 release of the MSCi
features integration of the IP Trunk into the MSCi. There is no separate network
element. Speech, signalling, and inter-exchange traffic can be sent through an
IP-based data network, bypassing the TDM trunk lines. However, normal
data/fax, emergency, and handover calls are routed via conventional TDM
trunks.
Figure 3 shows how the IP Trunk is integrated into the MSCi.
MSC
IPET
LAN
MSC
IPET
LAN IP
Transit
LAN MSC
IPET PSTN
MSC/VLR IPET IPET MSC/VLR

Speech
IP
TGSU TGSU
Signalling
TDM for data/fax, handover and emergency calls

DN0128979
Figure 3 Overview of IP Trunk
3.3 Structural design

The Nokia DX 200 system is a multiprocessor switching system designed with
a modular software and hardware structure, enabling a distributed processing
architecture. It also features redundancy principles to ensure that the system
functions properly, even in the case of a unit failure.
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3.3.1 Modular structure
The modular structure of the DX200 MSCi divides the operations of the
exchange amongst several Functional Units (FU). Each unit is a piece of
hardware. Some include software, and some do not. The FUs can perform
independently of each other.
FUs can also communicate when necessary by using a common Message Bus or
internal PCM. Those connected to the Message Bus are also called computer
units.
This structure gives the MSCi the flexibility that is needed for meeting a variety
of networking requirements. It can be tailored to suit individual operators.
The same units can be used for a variety of purposes, depending on the software
used and the network configuration. You will notice that some of this
equipment has been used in both the MSCi and HLRi, sometimes for the same
function, and sometimes for different purposes.
3.3.2 Redundancy principles
In order to ensure optimal functionality of the network, even in the event of

equipment failure, redundancy principles have been implemented in the DX 200
MSCi/VLR and the DX 200 HLRi/AC/EIR.
Redundancy principles appear in three forms.
Hot standby (2n) duplicates the main unit. One backup unit is continuously
kept in the same state, ready to take over in case of failure. Each unit involved
in switching or billing records is backed up by duplication according to the hot
standby method.
Spare device (n+1) keeps one unit spare for use when a unit in use fails. Each
signalling unit is backed up according to the n+1 redundancy principle.
Load sharing (N+1/L) distributes the normal network traffic between all
devices, so if one malfunctions, the others are able to compensate.
The Exchange Terminal does not use redundancy to back it up, because its
reliability is much greater than that of the actual link and there are usually
several circuits available in the same direction, both trunk and terrestrial.
3.4 NEMU
The Network Element Management Unit (NEMU) provides a complete set of
applications for managing network element data, independent of the type of
network element. Each network element of the network should have a NEMU
assigned to it.
The tasks of the NEMU include supporting and troubleshooting individual
computers, installing new software, modifying Windows parameters, and
analysing network problems.
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Figure 4 shows how the NEMU is connected to the network.
ATM MSCi
SW
NEMU OMU OMU CHU BDCU-0 BDCU-1
NMS Router Router
Router Router BC ADC

LAN/WAN
Figure 4 NEMU network connections
The NEMU must be physically connected to the managed network element and
external networks. Communications are through an Ethernet switch, using
TCP/IP protocols.
The NEMU is physically located in the RNC, as illustrated in Figure 5.
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RNC NEMU
Ethernet
switch
ATM SW OMU
Figure 5 NEMU connections in the RNC
3.5 Chapter review

The CS Core Network is the central part of the telephone network, forming the
connection between the base stations and the network management system.
The MSCi covers switching functions, while the HLRi handles subscriber and
equipment database information required by the system.
Updating the network to 3G requires the addition of an MGW, which covers
both the 2G and 3G networks. In addition, the 3G networks include an
integrated IP Trunk, which sends telephony through the IP data network.
The MSCi/HLRi forms part of the Nokia DX 200 system, which has been
designed in a modular structure in order to maximise flexibility and upgrading
capabilities.
Redundancy principles come in three forms: hot standby (2n), spare device
(n+1) and load sharing (N+1/L). The type of redundancy used is dependent on
the type and purpose of the unit.
The NEMU helps oversee the operations of individual network elements by
facilitating computer operations and providing information for solving network
problems. It is connected to the network via a TCP/IP connection.
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4 MSCi/HLRi hardware
The basic mechanical structure of the DX 200 i-series exchanges follows a
standard hierarchy:
Cabinets
Cartridges
Plug-in units
4.1 Cabinets
The MSCi features the following cabinet types:
Main Operation and Maintenance Cabinet (MOMC)
Visitor Location Register Cabinet (VLRC)
General Signalling Cabinet (GSC)
Group Switch Cabinet (GSWC)
Exchange Terminal Cabinet (ETC)
IP Trunk Cabinet (IPC)
Interworking Cabinet (IWC)
Figure 6 illustrates the different cabinet types for the MSCi.
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MSCi/HLRi hardware
MOMC CCC VLRC GSC IWC
PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU

0
2 x CLBU
2 x CLBU
2 x CLBU
2 x CLBU
1
CLSU
CLBU
p, p+1
CCMU CCMU BDCU/ MFSU/
0, 1
MFSU BDCU CDSU CDSU
0 1 *SU EMPTY
2
3
CMU VLRU VLRU VLRU VLRU *SU *SU *SU CDSU CDSU CDSU
M0 M1
0
4
5 SD SD
CM CM SD SD STU/ SD SD
CHU/ CHU/ STU/ CHU CHU CHU
CHU CDSU CDSU CDSU
0 1 OMU OMU CHU EMPTYEMPTY CHU
6
7
CMU OMU OMU BSU BSU BSU BSU *SU *SU *SU CDSU CDSU CDSU
1 0 1 8
9
MFSU MFSU BDCU *SU *SU *SU CDSU CDSU CDSU
0 1 0 10
*SU *SU *SU
* This position accepts any of the signalling units

CCSU, CASU, PAU or TGSU
GSWC CCC ETC CCC IPC
PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU
PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU
0 0
0
LANU
LANU
CLBU
1 1
n, n+1
CLBU
GSW x-0 ET4C 1

X0
2 2
2
3 3
ET4C ET4C IPETC IPETC IPETC 3
GSW x-1 X0 X1 X2
X1 X2
4 4
FTRB 0 FTRB 1 4
5 5 5
IPETC IPETC IPETC
6 6 X3 X4 X5
6
7 7 7
ET4C ET4C IPETC IPETC IPETC
GSW x-2
8
X3 X4 8 X6 X7 X8 8
FTRB 2 FTRB 3
9 9 9
GSW x-3 ET4C ET4C IPETC

10 X5 X6 10 CPLAN
10
X9
DN98616745
Figure 6 Cabinet types of the MSCi
The HLRi features the following cabinet types:

Home Location Group Switch Cabinet (HLOC)
Home Location Register Cabinet (HLRC)
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Figure 7 illustrates the different cabinet types for the HLRi.
BASIC CABINETS
HLGC HLRC 0 HLRC 1
PDFU PDFU 0 PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU
1
GSW GSW ET CCSU ET EIRU
CLSU
CLBU
CLBU
CLBU
CLBU
EIRU EIRU
0, 1
0, 1
2, 3
4, 5
6, 7
0-0 0-1 5C 0 5C 2
2 4 1
00 10
3
GSW GSW SD SD DBDU SD DBDU ACU SD ACU
1-0 1-1 OMU OMU 0-0 DBDU 0-1 0-0 ACU 0-1
4
5
BDCU OMU OMU STU SD SD STU HLRU SD SD HLRU
0 0 1 0 STU STU 1 0-0 STU STU 0-1
6
7
BDCU CMM CMM EMU SD SD EMU HLRU SD SD HLRU
1 0 1 0 EMU EMU 1 1-0 HLRU HLRU 1-1
8
9
CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU
0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
10
EXPANSION CABINETS
HLRC 2 HLRC 3 HLRC 4 HLRC 5
PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU
ET ET ET ET
10, 11
12, 13
14, 15
16, 17
18, 19
20, 21
22, 23
CLBU
CLBU
CLBU
CLBU
CLBU
CLBU
CLBU
CLBU
CCSU EIRU CCSU EIRU CCSU EIRU CCSU EIRU

8, 9
5C 13 3 5C 18 4 5C 23 5 5C 28 6
20 30 40 50
ACU SD ACU ACU SD ACU ACU SD ACU ACU SD ACU

1-0 ACU 1-1 2-0 ACU 2-1 3-0 ACU 3-1 4-0 ACU 4-1
HLRU SD SD HLRU HLRU SD SD HLRU HLRU SD SD HLRU HLRU SD SD HLRU

2-0 HLRU HLRU 2-1 4-0 HLRU HLRU 4-1 6-0 HLRU HLRU 6-1 8-0 HLRU HLRU 8-1
HLRU SD SD HLRU HLRU SD SD HLRU HLRU SD SD HLRU HLRU SD SD HLRU

3-0 HLRU HLRU 3-1 5-0 HLRU HLRU 5-1 7-0 HLRU HLRU 7-1 9-0 HLRU HLRU 9-1
CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU CCSU
14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 29 30 31 32
DN98617035
Figure 7 Cabinet types of HLRi
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MSCi/HLRi hardware
All cabinet types have fixed cartridge configurations. Although they may be
only partially equipped if the customer does not need to utilise the full MSCi
capacity, each cartridge in the cabinet accepts a FU of only a certain type. All
cartridges are installed in the cabinets at the factory.
For more detailed information on cabinets, see Installation Site Requirements.
4.2 Cartridges
Cartridges sit inside cabinets. One cartridge usually contains the equipment of
one FU. There are two types of cartridges used in the i-series exchanges:
CPCI cartridges
Non-cPCI cartridges.
4.2.1 CPCI cartridges
The cPCI cartridges contain the computer units of the exchange. The cPCI
cartridges connect to the Message Bus and they use the cPCI bus for
communication between the plug-in units of the same cartridge.
The cPCI cartridges come in two different sizes:
1/3-shelf cartridge CC3C-A
1/4-shelf cartridge CC4C-A.
4.2.2 Non-cPCI cartridges
The non-cPCI cartridges are those housing units not equipped with the cPCI
bus, that is, ETs, interworking equipment, storage device units, clock
equipment, and the duplicated Group Switch. The non-cPCI cartridges come in
five sizes:
1/1-shelf cartridge, comprising type SW2C-A
1/2-shelf cartridge, comprising type ET4C-A
1/3-shelf cartridge, comprising type DS1C-A and IPETC-A
1/4-shelf cartridge, comprising type SD4C-A
1/6-shelf cartridge, comprising types CLAC-A, CLOC-A, and LASWC-
A.
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Figure 8 illustrates the cPCI cartridge and its shelf.
M4 x 10
Figure 8 CPCI cartridge and the cartridge shelf
Note that these cartridges are not the same as those used in the classic series
technology.
4.3 Plug-in units

Each cartridge contains a number of plug-in units. The total number of different
plug-in unit types used in a single i-series network element is approximately 30.
The following chapters describe each plug-in unit in summary.
Some of the plug-in units are common to both the MSCi and the HLRi.
However, they are still described separately. Inside each network element, the
units sometimes perform slightly different functions, and they are located in
different cartridges and cabinets for the different network elements.
All B-units are new for system release M11. If there is a choice between an A
and a B unit, the B units replace the A units in M11.
Detailed descriptions of the plug-in units and their mechanical construction can
be found in the M12 Engineering Descriptions.
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MSCi/HLRi hardware
4.4 Chapter review

There is a standard hierarchy of mechanical structure in the DX 200 exchanges:
cabinets, cartridges, and plug-in units.
Each network element features its own specific cabinet types for housing
equipment.
Cabinets contain cartridges. There are two types of cartridges: cPCI, which
contain computer units, and non-cPCI, which do not have computer units.
The plug-in units, which sit in the cartridges, are usually FUs, which are
designed to perform certain tasks. The same FU can be used for different
purposes, depending on the software installed and its connections with other
units.
6-65789 Nokia Oyj 21 (116)

Issue 5.0
5 MSCi design
This section explains the design of the MSCi system architecture, including a
description of each of its FUs.
5.1 MSCi system architecture

As its name suggests, each FU has a separate function, or task group, to handle.
For example, the Switch Matrix has been organized as a separate unit (Group
Switch (GSW)), controlled by another unit called the Marker (M). The key
operation and maintenance functions are performed by the Operation and
Maintenance Unit (OMU), the external PCM lines are interfaced by the
Exchange Terminals (ETs), and so on.
Each FU has a separate hardware and software. Most of them are equipped with
a dedicated Pentium III computer. These units are referred to as computer units,
interconnected by the fast Message Bus, which in turn is organized as a FU of
its own.
Figure 9 shows the block diagram of the exchange, and the interfaces between
the FUs and those connecting the system to the environment.
Each FU is described in more detail later in this training material.
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Issue 5.0
MSCi design
BSS
ET
ECET PSTN
TGFP
EXT.
CLS SYNC
CDSU
GSW
ET NSS
IPET
Control
IP LAN
Switch LAN VANG
ET PBX
X.25 or LAN to
NMS and SMSC
TGSU CASU MFSU BSU CCSU M PAU BDCU
MESSAGE BUS
VDU and LPT
CCMU CMU CM VLRU STU CHU OMU

DN98616796
IP Trunk / SIGTRAN
LAN LAN LAN
O&M LAN Switch

IP
Figure 9 DX 200 MSCi/VLR architecture
5.2 Functional Unit types

The FU types of the MSCi are presented in the following sections. Each
description includes information on the basic configuration of the FU, and some
dimensioning options. The full range of expansion and variations for each unit
can be found in MSCi Engineering Descriptions.
6-65789 Nokia Oyj 23 (116)

Issue 5.0
The following FUs are used in the MSCi:

Base Station Signalling Unit (BSU)
Basic Data Communications Unit (BDCU)
Cellular Management Unit (CMU)
Central Memory (CM)
Channel Associated Signalling Unit (CASU)
Charging Unit (CHU)
Clock System (CLS)
Common Channel Signalling Management Unit (CCMU)
Common Channel Signalling Unit (CCSU)
Compact Data Service Unit (CDSU)
Echo Cancelling and Terminal (ECET)
Exchange Terminal (ET)
IP interfaces in the MSCi
Control LAN for SIGTRAN
Centralised O&M LAN
IP Trunk FUs
Internet Protocol Exchange Terminal (IPET)
Control LAN for IP Trunk
Trunk Gateway Signalling Unit (TGSU)
Group Switch 2048 (GSW 2048)
Marker (M)
Message Bus (MB)
Multifrequency Signalling Unit (MFSU)
Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU)
Power Distribution Fuse Unit (PDFU) and (PDFU-A)
Primary Rate Access Unit (PAU)
Statistical Unit (STU)
Storage device cartridge (SD4C-A)
Visitor Location Register Unit (VLRU)
The numbers beside the plug-in units refer to how many of these are required
for the basic configuration: 2x = two required.
The unit descriptions are presented in alphabetical order for easy reference.
Required cabling is shown in detail in the document Engineering for MSCi.
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Issue 5.0
MSCi design
5.3 Base Station Signalling Unit (BSU)

Redundancy: N+1
Purpose: The BSU handles CCS7 signalling between the MSCi and
the BSCs. It also controls the PCMs running to the Base
Station Subsystem (BSS).
Type: Computer unit with no subunits
Plug-in units: 1x CP523-A / CP550-B Central Processing Unit
2x MBIF-A / MBIF-B Message Bus Interface
1x AS7-A / AS7-B Pre-processor (CCS7; ET
control).
1x PSC6-A Power Supply for Cartridge
Cartridge: CC4C-A 1/4-shelf cartridge, cPCI
Cabinet: VLRC Visitor Location Register Cabinet
Interfaces: Message Bus Interface
GSW
LAPD
CCS7
Dimensioning
The maximum number of BSUs varies, depending on the number of GSC
cabinets. This number is:
16, if the exchange has no GSC cabinets
12, if the exchange has one GSC cabinet
8, if the exchange has two GSC cabinets
DBG
RST
MBIF 1
MBIF 0
AS7 0
AS7 1
AS7 2
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
AP AP AP TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 10 BSU in CC4C-A cartridge
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Issue 5.0
5.4 Basic Data Communications Unit (BDCU)

Redundancy: None. Redundancy of the OSI/LAN connection is achieved
using OSI management.
Purpose: The BDCU contains communication links to the operation
and maintenance network (analogue/digital X.25;
LAN/Ethernet), to the Short Message Centre, and to the
Billing Centre.
2x MBIF-A /MBIF-B Message Bus Interface
AS7-A / AS7-B Pre-processor (digital X.25)
AC25-A Pre-processor (analogue
X.25)

Cabinet: MOMC Main Operation and Maintenance Cabinet
VLRC Visitor Location Register Cabinet
GSW
LAN/Ethernet (CP523-A standard feature)
X.25 (analogue and digital; optional)
Physical interface: V.24, limited V.24, V.35, V.36, and X.21
Dimensioning
The maximum number of BDCUs varies, depending on the number of GSC
3, if the exchange has less than 2 GSC cabinets
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MSCi design
AS7/AC25 0
AS7/AC25 1
AS7/AC25 2
AS7/AC25 3
AS7/AC25 4
DBG
RST
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
AP AP AP TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 11 BDCU in CC3C-A cartridge
5.5 Cellular Management Unit (CMU)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The CMU controls the cellular radio network and the
CDSUs of the exchange. It also provides system support
functions, such as private numbering plan (PNP)
translations.
1x AS7-A / AS7-B Interface (LAPD)
1x PSC6-A Power Supply for cartridge
Cabinet: MOMC Main Operation & Maintenance
Cabinet
GSW
LAPD
Dimensioning
The MSCi only ever contains two CMUs.
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Issue 5.0
DBG
RST
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
AS7 0
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
AP TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 12 CMU in CC3C-A cartridge
5.6 Central Memory (CM)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The semi permanent files of the Central Memory contain the
system's tariffs, signalling, routing, and configuration data.
On the basis of this information the other units can make
decisions when a call is being established. The CM also
hosts the LAN switch, which collects O&M signalling data
from the OMU, BDCU, STU, and CHU units.
1x ESB20 O&M LAN switch unit
Cabinet
O&M LAN interface (ESB20)
Dimensioning
The MSCi contains only two CMUs.
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MSCi design
DBG
RST
J7
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6 J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
ESB20
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
RST DRAM
SB
PCI
ON
SCSI
J5
OFF ETx
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DN00294699
Figure 13 CM in CC4C-A cartridge
5.7 Channel Associated Signalling Unit (CASU)

Redundancy: N+1
Purpose: The CASU is installed in the exchange only when Channel
Associated Signalling (CAS) is needed between the MSCi
and the PSTN. In i-series MSCs, the MFSU handles the
transmission and receipt of MF signals, while CASU takes
care of the related CAS line signalling functions. If CASUs
are needed in the exchange, the required minimum number
is two.
2x AS7-A / AS7-B Pre-processor (CAS)
1x AS7-A / AS7-B Pre-processor (ET control)
GSW
LAPD
CAS
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Issue 5.0
Dimensioning
The maximum number of CASUs varies, depending on the number of GSC
DBG
RST
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
AS7 0
AS7 1
AS7 2
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
AP AP AP
TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 14 CASU in CC3C-A cartridge
5.8 Charging Unit (CHU)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The charging unit collects and stores charging data. In the
MSCi, one pair of CHUs is required even in the minimum
configuration. The CHU also hosts the optional LAN switch,
which collects and switches SIGTRAN and/or IPET control
signalling data between the CCSUs and/or TGSUs and the
IP network.
Type: Computer unit, with a storage device unit as a subunit
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MSCi design

Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI; CP523-A / CP550-B
standard feature)
Dimensioning
CHUs are always installed in pairs, with the maximum number of CHUs in one
MSCi being three pairs, and the minium one pair.
DBG
RST
J7
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6 J7 CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
ESB20
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
RST DRAM
SB
PCI
ON
SCSI
J5
OFF ETx
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DN00294699
Figure 15 CHU in CC4C-A cartridge
Note
If the MSCi is configured with Control LAN for SIGTRAN or IP Trunk, both
units of the CHU must be equipped with one LAN switch ESB20.
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Issue 5.0
5.9 Clock System (CLS)

The CLS consists of two standard units, the Clock System Unit (CLS) and
Clock and Alarm Buffer Unit (CLBU). For more information on the optional
Synchronization Signal Interface (SSIF-S), see Engineering for HLRi.
5.9.1 Clock System Unit (CLSU)
Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: Located in the MOMC cabinet, the CLSUs generate the
clock signals necessary for synchronising the functions of
the MSCi and transmit them further to the CLBU units in the
other cabinets. When using hierarchical mode, each unit is
synchronised to up to four inputs, usually coming from the
PSTN. It also has two external synchronisation inputs.
The CLSUs also feed the timing signals to the units in the
MOMC cabinet. One CLSU unit can handle the timing and
alarm collection functions of up to 15 cartridges.
Type: FU with no subunits
Plug-in units: 2x CL2TG-S Clock and Tone Generator
Cartridge: CLOC-A
IWC Interworking Cabinet
Interfaces: Synchronisation input
Synchronisation output
External synchronisation input
Internal wired alarm interface to the OMU via the GSW
Dimensioning
The MSCi contains two independent CLSUs.
Note
One CL2TG-S plug-in unit contains one entire CLSU FU.
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MSCi design
CLSU
CLBU CLBU CLBU CLBU
Figure 16 CLS - Clock System

CLXTG 0
CLXTG 1
00 03
Figure 17 Two independent CLSUs in CLOC-A cartridge
5.9.2 Clock and Alarm Buffer Unit (CLBU)
Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The duplicated CLBUs distribute the clock signals
(generated by the CLSUs) to the units in the same cabinet.
The CLBU also collects the wired alarms from the units
whose timing it handles, and transfers them further to the
OMU. One CLBU can handle the timing and alarm
collection functions of up to 15 cartridges.
Plug-in units: 2x CLAB-S Clock and Alarm Buffer
Cartridge: CLAC-A 1/6-shelf cartridges, non-cPCI
ETC Exchange Terminal Cabinet
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Issue 5.0
Interfaces: Synchronisation input from CLSU

Internal wired alarm interface
Dimensioning
The MSCi contains two independent CLSUs.
Notes
One CLAB-S plug-in unit contains one entire CLBU unit.
In the MML commands of the exchange software, the CLBUs are referred to
using the term CLAB.
CLAB 0
CLAB 1
3 4
Figure 18 Two independent CLBUs in CLAC-A cartridge
5.10 Common Channel Signalling Management Unit

(CCMU)
Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The CCMU is responsible for the Common Channel
Signalling System Number 7 (CCS7) network management
functions of the exchange. It also features the VANG-A
plug-in units, which handle the voice announcement
functions.
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MSCi design
1x VANG-A Verbal Announcement

Generator
Cabinet: MOMC Main Operation and Maintenance
Cabinet
GSW
Dimensioning
The MSCi only ever contains two CCMUs.
Notes
The capacity of a VANG-A unit is 510 announcement channels. The CCMU
may contain two VANG units.
A maximum of 272 minutes of voice announcements can be set up. The length
of each announcement can be defined in increments of 125 ms.
DBG
RST
VANG 0
VANG 1
VANG 2
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 19 CCMU in CC3C-A cartridge
5.11 Common Channel Signalling Unit (CCSU)

Redundancy: N+1
Purpose: The CCSU handles CCS7 signalling functions for the
external PCM lines toward both the PSTN and the other
network elements in the NSS. Signalling traffic between the
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Issue 5.0
NSS network elements can also be carried over the IP

network with SIGTRAN. The CCSU also monitors the ETs
allocated to the BDCU. The minimum number of CCSUs is
3 units.
control)
GSW
LAPD
CCS7
LAN (CP550-B standard feature; used with SIGTRAN)
Dimensioning
The maximum number of CCSUs varies, depending on the number of GSC
DBG
RST
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
AS7 0
AS7 1
AS7 2
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
AP AP AP TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 20 CCSU in CC3C-A cartridge
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MSCi design
5.12 Compact Data Service Unit (CDSU)

Redundancy: None
Purpose: The CDSU offers standard GSM data services, which
include modem-based digital connections toward the Public
Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and digital
connections toward the Integrated Services Digital Network
(ISDN). When optional Nokia Artus Data Access Equipment
is added to the configuration, the CDSU (in association with
the PAU FU) can also handle data transmission toward the
TCP/IP, X.25 and IPX networks.
Plug-in units: DSCO Data Service Controller
DSMA-S Data Service Multiprotocol
Adapter
PSC6 Power Supply for cartridge
Cartridge: DS1C-A 1/3-shelf cartridge, non-cPCI
Cabinet: IWC Interworking Cabinet
Interfaces: GSW
Dimensioning
One cabinet can contain up to 14 CDSUs.
Notes
Each CDSU cartridge can be configured as one of three types of data pools:
General Pool (CDSU Pool)

UDI Pool (NDSD Pool)
Modem Pool (NDSM Pool)
The DSMA-S plug-in units handling the multiprotocol adaptation and

modem/fax functionalities must be added in equal numbers.
The maximum capacity of the CDSU Pool is 32 Channels.
The data services supported by the different pools are shown in Table 1 below.
6-65789 Nokia Oyj 37 (116)

Issue 5.0
Table 1. Data devices
Pool type Modem Fax ISDN 14.4 kbit/s 14.4 kbit/s HSCSD HSCSD
modem ISDN modem ISDN
NDSM
NDSD
CDSU
Supported
Supported also with Data Compression V.42bis
5.12.1 CDSU General Pool (CDSU Pool)
Redundancy: None
Purpose: The CDSU pool is a general pool, which provides services
for all types of data calls: modem, fax and UDI.
Plug-in units: 1x DSCO Data Service Controller
1x DSMA Data Service Multiprotocol Adapter
1x DSMA-S Data Service Multiprotocol Adapter
(modem unit)
Interfaces: GSW
Dimensioning
Adding can expand the CDSU Pool:
As many as three Data Service Multiprotocol Adapter (DSMA-S) plug-in

units for multiprotocol adapter functions
As many as three Data Service DSMA-S Adapter plug-in units for
modem/fax functions
The DSMA-S units must be added in equal numbers for each purpose.
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Issue 5.0
MSCi design
J1
::::::::::::::::::
DSMA-S 1
DSMA-S 0
DSMA-S 2
DSMA-S 3
DSMA-S 4
DSMA-S 5
DSMA-S 6
DSMA-S 7
DSCO
PSC6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
DN98616648
Figure 21 CDSU General Pool in DS1C-A cartridge
5.12.2 CDSU UDI Pool (NDSD Pool)
Redundancy: None
Purpose: The NDSD Pool handles UDI calls to the ISDN network
using a standard ISDN Primary Rate (PRI/ISDN) interface.
When used together with Nokia Artus Data Access
Equipment, it can also handle UDI calls to the TCP/IP, X.25
and IPX networks.
1x DSMA Data Service Multiprotocol Adapter
(1 DSMA PIU can handle up to eight
data channels. The maximum capacity of
the NDSD Pool is 32 Channels.)
Interfaces: GSW
Dimensioning
You can expand the CDSU Pool by adding as many as three Data Service
Multiprotocol Adapter (DSMA-S) plug-in units.
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Issue 5.0
J1
::::::::::::::::::
DSMA-S 1
DSMA-S 0
DSMA-S 2
DSMA-S 3
DSCO
PSC6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
DN98616648
Figure 22 NDSD Pool in DS1C-A cartridge
5.12.3 CDSU (NDSM Pool)
Redundancy: None
Purpose: The NDSM pool handles modem-based data calls to the
PSTN at transmission rates of up to 28,8 kbit/s and group 3
facsimiles.
(modem unit)
Interfaces: GSW
Dimensioning
Adding the following can expand the CDSU Pool:
As many as three Data Service Multiprotocol Adapter (DSMA-S) plug-in

units for multiprotocol adapter functions
As many as three Data Service DSMA-S Adapter plug-in units for
modem/fax functions
40 (116) Nokia Oyj 6-65789

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MSCi design
The DSMA-S units must be added in equal numbers for each purpose.
Note
The NDSM Pool equipment is the same as that of the CDSU Pool.
5.13 Echo Cancelling and Terminal (ECET)

Redundancy: None
Purpose: The tasks of the ECET are the same as those of the ET; with
the exception that the ECET also provides the external PCM
lines it processes as well as echo cancelling functions.
The ECET is used only in connections toward the PSTN.
Plug-in units: EC2ET Echo Canceller Exchange Terminal with
Euro connectors (balanced E1 interface)
EC2ET-C Echo Canceller Exchange Terminal with
coaxial connectors (unbalanced E1
interface)
EC2ET-A Echo Canceller Exchange Terminal with
RJ45 connectors (balanced T1 interface)
Cartridge: ET4C-A 1/2-shelf cartridge, non-cPCI
Cabinet: ETC Exchange Terminal Cabinet
Interfaces: GSW
Control interface from Signalling Unit (via GSW)
PCM (E1/T1)
Synchronisation output to CLSUs
Dimensioning
EC4C-A cartridges can contain up to 16 EC2ET, EC2ET-C, or EC2ET-A plug-
in units.
Note
EC2ET plug-in units can be replaced with ET2 plug-in units or SSIF-S. See
Engineering for MSCi for more details.
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Issue 5.0
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 12 11 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 27 29 30 31
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
Figure 23 EC2ET Echo Canceller Exchange Terminal plug-in units in
ET4C-A cartridge
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 12 11 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 27 29 30 31
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
EC2ET
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
ET2A/E
Figure 24 EC2ET and ET2 plug-in units in ET4C-A cartridge
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MSCi design
5.14 Exchange Terminal (ET)

Redundancy: None
Purpose: The ET performs the electrical synchronisation and
adaptation of external PCM lines. It is able to do the
HDB3/AMI/B8ZS coding and decoding, insert the alarm bits
in the outgoing direction, and produce the PCM frame
structure.
Plug-in units: ET2E-S Exchange Terminal with Euro connectors
(balanced E1 interface)
ET2E-SC Exchange Terminal with coaxial
connectors (unbalanced E1 interface)
ET2A Exchange Terminal with RJ45
connectors (balanced T1 interface)
Cartridge: ET4C-A 1/2-shelf cartridge, non-cPCI
Cabinet: ETC Exchange Terminal Cabinet
Interfaces: GSW
Control interface from Signalling Unit (via GSW)
PCM (E1/T1)
Synchronisation output to CLSUs
Notes
One ET2E-SA, ET2E-CA or ET2A-A plug-in unit contains two ET FUs.
The number of ETs is the same as the number of GSW PCM lines.
01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 31
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
ET2A/E/E-C
Figure 25 ET2 Exchange Terminal plug-in units in ET4C-A cartridge
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Issue 5.0
5.15 Group Switch 2048 (GSW 2048)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The GSW is the switching fabric of the MSCi. The Marker
(M) controls it. The MSCi has a GSW that is equipped to
handle a capacity of 2048 x 2048 PCMs.
Type: FU, subunit of the Marker
Plug-in units: 9x SWCSM-S Switch Control and Switching Memory
12x SWSPS-S Switch Serial-Parallel-Serial Converter
4x PSC1-S Power Supply for Cartridge
Cartridge: SW2C-A 1/1-shelf cartridge, non-cPCI
Cabinet: GSWC Group Switch Cabinet
Interfaces: Switch control bus from Marker
GSW PCMs to some computer units, all ETs/ECETs and all CDSUs
in the exchange.
Dimensioning
The basic configuration of a GSW 2048 is dimensioned for 768 PCMs. In
Table 2 below, the components of one switch matrix are shown as a function of
the internal PCM lines in the exchange. The columns giving the numbers of
plug-in units contain the total number of plug-in units at each step, including the
units, which are a part of the previous module.
Table 2 Switch matrices
PCM SW2C-As SWCSM-Ss SWSPS-Ss PSC1-Ss Cabinets

capacity in use equipped equipped equipped supported
768 2 9 12 4 MOMC, VLR0-
1, VLR/GSC 2,
ETC/IPC 0,
IWC0
1024 2 16 16 4 ETC/IPC 1
1408 3 36 22 6 ETC/IPC 2,
VLR/GSC3
1792 4 49 28 8 ETC/IPC 3,
IWC1
2048 4 64 32 8 ETC/IPC 4,
IWC2
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Issue 5.0
MSCi design
Note
One GSW FU consists of up to four SW2C-A cartridges, indexed as n-0 to n-3,
where n is the number of the GSW unit (0 or 1). The two GSW units must have
exactly the same plug-in unit configurations.
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWCSM
SWSPS
SWSPS
SWSPS
SWSPS
SWSPS
SWSPS
SWSPS
SWSPS
PSC1
PSC1
Figure 26 GSW 2048 in SW2C-A cartridge
5.16 IP interfaces in the MSCi
There are two IP interfaces in the MSCi. These are outlined below.
5.16.1 Control LAN for SIGTRAN
With SIGTRAN, CCS7 signalling can be carried in IP packets between the NSS
network elements. The hardware implementation of SIGTRAN contains an
internal LAN with ESB20 LAN switches, which connect the CCSUs to the IP
network via external LAN switches and routers.
6-65789 Nokia Oyj 45 (116)

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Figure 27 below provides an overview of the SIGTRAN LAN architecture.
COMPUTER CABINET
CCxC-A 100
Mb/s
UPLINK
*SU ESB20
MESSAGE BUS
VRRP
IP
NETWORK
CCxC-A 100
Mb/s
UPLINK
*SU ESB20
LAN DN0128994
Figure 27 SIGTRAN LAN architecture
Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The LAN switch collects SIGTRAN signalling data from the
CCSUs and sends it further to the IP network via external
LAN switches and routers with a 100 Mbit/s uplink
connection.
Type: FU
Plug-in units: ESB20 LAN switch unit
PSC6-A Power Supply for cartridge
Interfaces: CCSUs and IP network via LAN
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DBG
RST
J7
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6 J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
ESB20
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
RST DRAM
SB
PCI
ON
SCSI
J5
OFF ETx
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DN00294699
Figure 28 STU/CHU with ESB20 LAN switch in CC4C-A cartridge
5.16.2 Centralised O&M LAN
The hardware configuration of the centralised O&M LAN contains ESB20 LAN
switches, which collect O&M signalling data from the OMU, BDCU, STU, and
CHU units. The switches provide access to the operators internal IP network,
and further to the O&M network via external routers.
Figure 29 gives an overview of the O&M LAN architecture.
CCxC-A 100
OMU Mb/s
uplink
ESB20
MESSAGE BUS
VRRP
BDCU IP
NETWORK
CCxC-A 100
Mb/s
uplink
ESB20
Register
Unit DN0129003
NE boundary
Figure 29 O&M LAN architecture
6-65789 Nokia Oyj 47 (116)

Issue 5.0
Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The O&M LAN switch collects O&M signalling data from
the computer units and sends it further to external routers
and IP network via 100 Mbit/s uplink connection.
Type: FU
Plug-in units: ESB20 Central Processing Unit
PSC6-A Power Supply for cartridge
Cabinet
DBG
RST
J7
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6 J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
ESB20
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
RST DRAM
SB
PCI
ON
SCSI
J5
OFF ETx
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DN00294699
Figure 30 CM equipment with ESB20 LAN switch in CC4C-A

cartridge
5.17 IP trunk Functional Units

This section describes the four IP trunk FUs in detail.
5.17.1 Internet Protocol Exchange Terminal (IPET)
Redundancy: None
Purpose: The IPET converts the TDM speech frames arriving from
the switch matrix into IP packets and forwards them to the
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MSCi design
IP network. Each IPET has an individual IP address that is

defined in call set-up. The IPET employs speech codecs and
RTP/RTCP protocols for speech framing.
Plug-in units: 1x PCU-A Packet Control Unit
2x ESB20 LAN switch unit
Cartridge: IPETC-A 1/3-shelf cartridge, non-cPCI
Cabinet: IPC Internet Protocol Trunk Cabinet
J7 J7
PSC9
J6 J6
PCU
PCU
PCU
PCU
PCU
PCU
PCU
OPR OPR OPR RUN0
RUN1
RUN0
RUN1
RUN0
RUN1
RUN0
RUN1
RUN0
RUN1
RUN0
RUN1
RUN0
RUN1
PCU
RUN0
RUN1
ESB20
ESB20
RST RST
ON
J5 J5
OFF
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
DN00294733
Figure 31 IPET in IPETC-A cartridge
5.17.2 LAN for IP Trunk
In the IP Trunk, both control plane and user plane traffic is carried over IP,
through LAN switches, to the internal Control LAN and the IP network.
Figure 32 provides an overview of the LAN architecture of the IP trunk.
6-65789 Nokia Oyj 49 (116)

Issue 5.0
IPC CABINET
IPETC-A
LASWC-A 1Gbit/s
uplink
IPET ESB20
ESB18
IPET ESB20
IP
VRRP
1Gbit/s NETWORK
IPETC-A
IPET ESB20 LASWC-A

1Gbit/s
ESB18 uplink
IPET ESB20
100Mbit/s 100Mbit/s
LAN
2Mbit/s PCM External LAN
switches located
in the exchanges
premises
CCxC-A
100Mbit/s
ESB20
TGSU
MESSAGE BUS
CCxC-A
TGSU 100Mbit/s
ESB20
DN0144221 CONTROL COMPUTER CABINET
Figure 32 IP Trunk LAN architecture
The external switches are needed if more than one IPC cabinet is equipped in the MSCi.
5.17.2.1 LAN Switch UNIT (LANU)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The LANU switches and collects control-plane and user-
plane IP traffic between the TGSUs, IPETs, and external
routers that, in turn, act as an access to the operators IP
network.
Type: FU
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MSCi design
Plug-in units: 1x ESB18 LAN switch unit

Cartridge: LASWC-A 1/6-shelf cartridge, non-cPCI
Interfaces: TGSUs, IPETs, and IP network via LAN
J7
PSC9
J6
OPR OPR
ESB18
RST
ON
J5
OFF
1 2 3 4 5
DN00294721
Figure 33 LANU equipment in LASWC-A cartridge
5.17.2.2 LAN switches in IPETC-A (LASW)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The LASW performs the same duties as the LANU. The
only difference is that the LASW has a 100 Mbit/s
connection to the LANU, through which it is connected to
the IP network via a router.
Type: FU
Cartridge: IPETC-A 1/4-shelf cartridge, cPCI
Interfaces: TGSUs, IPETs, and IP network via LAN
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Issue 5.0
J7 J7
PSC9
J6 J6
PCU
PCU
PCU
PCU
PCU
PCU
PCU
PCU
OPR OPR OPR RUN0 RUN0 RUN0 RUN0 RUN0 RUN0 RUN0 RUN0
RUN1 RUN1 RUN1 RUN1 RUN1 RUN1 RUN1 RUN1
ESB20
ESB20
RST RST
ON
J5 J5
OFF
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
DN00294733
Figure 34 LASW equipment in IPETC-A cartridge
5.17.3 Trunk Gateway Signalling Unit (TGSU)
Redundancy: N+1
Purpose: The TGSU handles the call control signalling functions over
the IP network via LAN. The IPET units are loaded,
controlled and supervised by the TGSU, which uses SIP
with ISUP tunnelling as call control protocol over IP. The
TGSU negotiates the IP addresses for IPETs in the
beginning of each call set-up.
Plug-in units: 1x CP550-B Central Processing Unit
2x MBIF-B Message Bus Interface
IPETs and IP network via LAN
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DBG
RST
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
DRAM
SB
PCI
ON
SCSI
OFF ETx
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
DN00294706
Figure 35 TGSU equipment in CC3C-A cartridge
5.18 Marker (M)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The marker controls and supervises the GSW, hunts for free
circuits and is responsible for connecting and releasing all
connections. The M, GSW and Tone Generator Field
Programmable (TGFP) make up a switchover entity, which
is duplicated for 2n redundancy.
Type: Computer unit, with GSW2048 as a subunit
Plug-in units: 1 x CP523-A / CP550-B Central Processing Unit
2x SWCOP-A Switch Control Processor
1x TGFP-A Tone Generator Field
Programmable
Switch control bus to GSW 2048
GSW
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Issue 5.0
Dimensioning
One additional SWCOP-A is required for GSW expansion from 1024 to 1408
PCMs.
A second additional SWCOP-A is required for GSW expansion from 1408 to
1792 PCMs.
DBG
SWCOP 0
SWCOP 1
SWCOP 2
SWCOP 3
RST
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6 J7
CPU
TGFP
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
WD LF
OL
TE
0
AP
1 DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 36 Marker in CC3C-A cartridge
5.19 Message Bus (MB)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The MB is the physical connection between the computer
units, which are all located in the first cabinet row. Message
Bus Interface plug-in units (MBIF-A or MBIF-B) in every
computer unit control the MB.
Plug-in units: MBIF-A or MBIF B (Message Bus Interface) in every
computer unit
Interfaces: Host computer units of the MBIF-A / MBIF-Bs
Notes
The MBIF-B (with MB terminator TRM9A replaces the MBIF-A (with MB
terminator TRM9A) in new deliveries with system level M11. The same change
must be made if VLR capacity is improved.
All MBIF units must be of the same type.
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5.20 Multifrequency Signalling Unit (MFSU)

Redundancy: N+1/L
Purpose: The MFSU handles the receipt and transmission of R2 or
ANSI MF signals. Other functions of the MFSU include
continuity checking, conference call control functions and
identification of push-button dialling.
2x MFST-A Multifrequency Signalling
Terminal Units
GSW
Dimensioning
One MFST expansion unit adds 64 MF signalling channels. Up to two may be
added to this configuration.
DBG
RST
MFST 0
MFST 1
MFST 2
MFST 3
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 37 MFSU in CC3C-A cartridge
6-65789 Nokia Oyj 55 (116)

Issue 5.0
5.21 Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The OMU handles all centralised supervision, alarm and
recovery functions, and the connections toward the user
interface (MMI-System). It collects the wired alarms from
the exchange as well as from the external equipment
connected to the system. The OMUs HWAT plug-in unit
alone collects the alarms from the MOMC cabinet. CLBUs
collect the alarms from the other cabinets, and transmit them
further to the HWAT.
1x AS7-A / AS7-B Pre-processor (LAPD and
clock control channel)
1x HWAT-A Hardware Alarm Terminal
1x SERO-A Serial Interface
Cabinet: MOMC Main Operation and
Maintenance Cabinet
GSW
LAN/Ethernet (CP523-A / CP550-B standard feature)
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI; CP523-A / CP550
standard feature)
Wired Alarm Interface
External Alarm Interface
Interface to Lamp Panel for Alarms
Clock control channel
Serial Interface (VDU and LPT)
Note
The OMU has dedicated storage devices, which serve as a storage e.g. for the
entire system software of the exchange as well as for the event buffer for
intermediate storing of alarms.
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MSCi design
DBG
RST
HWAT 0
SERO 1
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
AS7 0
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
RST
LF
OL
AP SW0
TE
AP
SW1
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 38 OMU in CC3C-A cartridge
5.22 Power Distribution Fuse Unit (PDFU/PDFU-A)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The PDFU / PDFU-A distributes the -48V/-60V power from
the rectifier or batteries to the cartridges through the
distribution cables. The PDFU also contains the fuses for
these cables, along with alarm circuits for the incoming
voltages and its own fuses.
Plug-in units: 2 or 4 x PDFU / PDFU-A Power Distribution Fuse
Unit
Location: Upper part of all cabinets
Interfaces: Supply interfaces to cartridges and station battery
Wired alarm interface
Note
All cabinets contain 2 PDFUs except the IPC cabinet, which contains four
PDFU-As.
5.23 Primary Rate Access Unit (PAU)

Redundancy: N+1
Purpose: The PAU is installed in the exchange only when PBX
Signalling is needed between the MSCi and a Private Branch
6-65789 Nokia Oyj 57 (116)

Issue 5.0
Exchange. Two alternative protocols are available for the

PBX signalling: ISDN primary rate access 30B+D, and
DPNSS 1. If PAUs are needed in the exchange, the required
minimum number is two.
3x AS7-A / AS7-B ET control / PBX signalling
interface
(the positions are marked 'SU' (Signalling Unit)
in the figures of the cabinets.)
GSW
LAPD
PBX signalling
Dimensioning
The maximum number of CCSUs varies, depending on the number of GSC
Note
All PAUs in the same exchange must have identical hardware and timeslot
allocation configurations.
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MSCi design
DBG
RST
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
AS7 0
AS7 1
AS7 2
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
AP AP AP
TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 39 PAU in CC3C-A cartridge
5.24 Statistical Unit (STU)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The statistical unit collects performance and measurement
data from the network. The STU also hosts the optional
LAN switch, which collects and switches SIGTRAN and/or
IPET control signalling data between the CCSUs and/or
TGSUs and the IP network.
Type: Computer unit
1x ESB20 Control LAN switch
(optional)
Control LAN interface (ESB20; optional)
standard feature)
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Issue 5.0
DBG
RST
J7
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6 J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
ESB20
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
RST DRAM
SB
PCI
ON
SCSI
J5
OFF ETx
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DN00294699
Figure 40 STU in CC4C-A cartridge
5.25 Storage device cartridge (SD4C-A)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The MSCi computer units that manage large databases are
equipped with dedicated storage device units. The memory
unit features hard disks, DAT drives and, optionally, floppy
disk drives that are housed in separate storage device
cartridges.
Type: Subunit to the OMU or CHU
Plug-in units: 1x WDU Hard Disk Unit
1x CTU Cartridge Tape Unit
1x FDU Floppy Disk Unit
Cartridge: SD4C-A 1/4-shelf cartridge, non-cPCI
Interfaces: Small Computer Systems interface (SCSI)
Note
The FDU is featured only in the first storage device unit allocated to the OMU
(SD 0).
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MSCi design
PSC4 HDU CTU FDU
USY TAPE STATUS

EJECT
0 1 2 3
ADAPTER
ADAPTER
DN98618755
Figure 41 Storage device unit allocated to EMU, HLRU, OMU, or STU in

SD4C-A cartridge
Only the OMU memory unit SD 0 contains a Floppy Disk Unit.
5.26 Visitor Location Register Unit (VLRU)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The VLRU contains information about each subscriber who
is currently being served by the MSCi.
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Issue 5.0
Dimensioning
The maximum number of VLRUs varies, depending on the number of GSC
DBG
RST
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6
CPU
J7
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 42 VLRU in CC4C-A cartridge
5.27 Chapter review

There are 31 FUs in the M12 MSCi architecture. Their characteristics are
summarised in Table 3 below.
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MSCi design
Table 3. M12 MSCi architecture FU characteristics
Unit Redun Type Plug-in unit Cartridge Cabinet Interface

dancy (PIU)
BDCU None Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A MOMC - MB
with no subunits 2 MBIF-A VLRC - GSW
1 PSC6-A - LAN/Ethernet (CP523-
15 AS7-A A)
(digital X.25) - X.25 (analogue and
and/or digital)
15 AC25-A - Physical: V.24, limited
(analogue X.25) v.24, V.35, V.36, X.21,
LADP (opt.)
BSU n+1 Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC4C-A VLRC - MB

with no subunits 2 MBIF-A - GSW
1 PSC6-A - LAPD
1 AS7-A (ET - CCS7
control)
12 AS7-A
(CCS7)
CASU N+1 Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A VLRC - MB
(1 CASU= with no subunits 2 MBIF-A (At SU - GSW
up to 64 1 PSC6-A position) - LAPD
CAS PCM) 1 AS7-A (ET - CAS
control)
2 AS7-A (CAS)
CCMU 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A MOMC - MB
1 PSC6-A
13 VANG-A
CCSU N+1 Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A VLRC - MB
with no subunits 2 MBIF-A (At SU - GSW
1 PSC6-A position) - LAPD
1 AS7-A (ET - CAS
control)
12 AS7-A
(CCS7)
CDSU None FU with no 1 DSCO DS1C-A IWC - GSW
general subunits 14 DSMA - Synchronisation
Pool 14 DSMA-S
(CDSU 1 PSC6
Pool)
CDSU UDI None FU with no 1 DSCO DS1C-A IWC - GSW
Pool subunits 14 DSMA - Synchronisation
(NDSD 1 PSC6
pool)
CDSU None FU with no 1 DSCO DS1C-A IWC - GSW
modem subunits 14 DSMA - Synchronisation
Pool 14 DSMA-S
(NDSM 1 PSC6
pool)
CHU 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC4C-A VLRC - MB
with a storage 2 MBIF-A - LAN/Ethernet
device unit as a 1 PSC6-A - SCSI (CP523-A)
subunits
CLBU 2n FU with no 2 CLAB-S CLAC-A VLRC - Synchronization input
subunits ETC from CLSU
IWC - Synchronization output
- Internal wired alarm
interface
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Issue 5.0

dancy (PIU)
CLSU 2n FU with no 2 CL2TG-S CLOC-A MOMC - Synchronization input
subunits IWC - Synchronization output
- External
synchronization input
interface to OMU via
GSW
CM 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC4C-A MOMC - MB
with no subunits 2 MBIF-A
1 PSC6-A
CMU 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A - MB

1 PSC6-A - LAPD
1 AS7-A (LAPD
for CDSU
control)
ECET None FU with no 116 EC2ET ET4C-A ETC - GSW
subunits (Euro, E1) - Control interface from
116 EC2ET-C Signalling Unit (via GSW)
(coax, E1) - PCM (E1/T1)
116 EC2ET-A - synchronisation
(RJ45, T1)
ET none FU with no 132 ET2E S ET4C-A ETC - GSW
subunits (Euro, E1) - Control interface from
132 ET2E-SC Signalling Unit (via GSW)
(Coax, E1) - PCM (E1/T1)
132 ET2A - Synchronisation
(RJ45, T1)
GSW 2n FU, subunit of the 964 SWCSM- SW2C-A GSWC - Switch control bus from
(2048*204 Marker S Marker
8 PCMs) 1232 SWSPS- - PCM
S-
48 PSC1-S
IPET none FU with no 1 PCU-A IPETC-A IPC - GSW
subunits - PCM
- LAN interface to TGSUs
and IP network via LAN
LANU 2n FU 1 ESB18 LASWC-A IPC - TGSUs
1 PSC9 - IPETs
- IP network
All via LAN
LASW none FU 2 ESB20 IPETC-A IPC - TGSUs
- IPETs
- IP network
All via LAN
M 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A MOMC - MB
with GSW2048 as 2 MBIF-A - Switch control bus to
a subunit 1 PSC6-A GSW2048
24 SWCOP-A - GSW
1 TGFP-A
MB 2n FU with no MBIF-A in every - - Host computer units of
subunits computer unit the MBIF-As
MFSU n+1/L Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A MOMC - MB
with no subunits 2 MBIF-A VLR - GSW
1 PSC6-A
24 MFST-A
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MSCi design

dancy (PIU)
O&M LAN 2n FU 1 ESB20 CC4C-A IPC - OMU
switches 1 PSC6 - BDCU
- STU
- CHU
- IP network
All via LAN
OMU 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A MOMC - MB
with subunit, a 2 MBIF-A - GSW
storage device 1 PSC6-A - LAN/Ethernet (CP523-
1 AS7-A (LAPD A)
and clock - SCSI (CP523-A)
control channel) - Wired alarms
1 HWAT-A - External alarm interface
1 SERO-A - Clock control channel
- Serial inf. (VDU and
LPT)
PAU n+1 Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A VLRC - MB
with no subunits 2 MBIF-A (At SU - GSW
1 PSC6-A position) - LAPD
1 AS7-A (ET - PBX signalling
control)
2 AS7-A (PBX
signalling)
PDFU 2n FU with no PDFU - Upper part of - Wired alarm interface
subunits all cabinets - Supply interfaces to
cartridges and station
battery
SIGTRAN 2n FU 1 ESB20 CC4C-A VLRC - CCSUs
LAN 1 PSC6 GSC - IP network
switches all via LAN
STU 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC4C-A VLRC - MB
with a subunit, a 2 MBIF-A - LAN/Ethernet (CP523-
storage device 1 PSC6-A A)
- SCSI (CP523-A)
SD4C-A 2n Subunit to OMU, 1 HDU SD4C-A VLRC - SCSI
STU or CHU 1 CTU
1 FDU
1 PSC4-S
TGSU n+1 Computer unit 1 CP550-B CC3C-A IPC - MB
with no subunits 2 MBIF-B - IPETs & IP network via
1 PSC6-A LAN
VLRU 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC4C-A VLRC - MB
with no subunits 2 MBIF-A
1 PSC6-A
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6 HLRi/AC/EIR design
This section explains the design of the HLRi system architecture, including a
description of each of its FUs.
6.1 HLRi system architecture

The architecture of the Nokia HLRi/AC/EIR is very similar to the MSCi/VLR.
The FUs in both the MSC/VLR and the HLR/AC/EIR are: BDCU, CM, M,
CLS, CCSU, ET, GSW, IP interfaces, MB, OMU, PDFU, STU, and SD4C-A.
In the HLRi/AC/EIR, the CM and the M are integrated into the same unit,
called the Central Memory and Marker (CMM). There are four extra units in the
HLRi, which do not exist in the MSCi. These are database-related units, the
Home Location Register Unit (HLRU), the Authentication Centre Unit (ACU),
the Equipment Identity Register (EIR), and the Database Distributor Unit
(DBDU).
Figure 43 shows the block diagram of the exchange, and the interfaces between
the FUs and those connecting the system to the environment. Each FU is
described in more detail later in this chapter.
Figure 43 shows the structural architecture of the HLRi.
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HLRi/AC/EIR design
MSC
ET
CLS
GSW
HLR
ET
X.25 or LAN
to NMS
and CEIR
EIRU CCSU CMM BDCU
MESSAGE BUS
ACU EMU HLRU DBDU STU OMU
LAN LAN LAN LAN LAN LAN

VDU and LPT
DN98617008
Figure 43 DX 200 HLRi
6.2 HLR Workstation

The HLR Workstation is a Microsoft Windows program based on Oracle8 and
Oracle Forms Runtime which allow you to:
Ask queries of the databases located in the HLRi
Find possible errors in corresponding databases.
All HLR Workstations can be connected into your LAN with SQL*Net, and
configured in such a way that all queries can be directed into any HLR
Workstation from any other HLR Workstation. This gives you the ability to see
the databases of the whole network from any HLR Workstation.
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NE DX 200
IN BACKUP HLRi
SERVER
SQL*Net
TCP/IP
HLR
Workstation
DDS Tape
Figure 44 Location of HLR Workstation in DX200 architecture
The HLR Workstation is an important part of the network architecture because

it improves your knowledge and therefore your ability to maintain the network
databases of the HLRi.
The HLRi has either a 2n or n+1 redundancy. The redundant NE backup server
can be used as an information source. If the backup server is not used, then the
files can be transferred to the Workstation via DDS tape. HLR Workstation runs
in the same CPU with the local backup server CPU module.
The Workstation does not require any extra hardware.
See HLR Workstation for more information and technical details.
6.3 Functional Units in HLRi/AC/EIR

The FU types of the HLRi are presented in the following sections. Each
description includes information on the basic configuration of the FU, and some
dimensioning options. The full range of expansion and variations for each unit
can be found in HLRi Engineering Descriptions.
The following FUs are used in the HLRi:
Authentication Centre Unit (ACU)
Basic Data Communications Unit (BDCU)
Central Memory and Marker (CMM), including
O&M LAN switch (ESB20)
Clock System (CLS)
Common Channel Signalling Unit (CCSU)
Database Distributor Unit (DBDU)
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HLRi/AC/EIR design
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

Equipment Main Unit (EMU)
Equipment Identity Register (EIRU)
Exchange Terminal (ET)
Group Switch 512 (GSW 512)
Home Location Register Unit (HLRU), including
Control LAN / O&M LAN switch (ESB20)
IP interfaces in the HLRi:
Control LAN for SIGTRAN
Centralized O&M LAN
Message Bus (MB)
Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU)
Power Distribution Fuse Unit (PDFU)
Statistical Unit (STU), including
Control LAN switch (ESB20)
Storage device cartridges (SD3C-A and SD4C-A)
The numbers beside the plug-in units refer to how many of these are required
for the basic configuration: for example, 2x = two required.
The unit descriptions are presented in alphabetical order for easy reference.
Required cabling is shown in detail in the document Engineering for HLRi.
6.4 Authentication Centre Unit (ACU)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The ACU is responsible for the storage of authentication
data. It also provides authentication triplets for user
authentication and performs speech encryption functions.
Type: Computer Unit, with a dedicated storage device unit as a
subunit
Cabinet: HLRC Home Location Register Cabinet
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standard feature)
Dimensioning
The ACU can be expanded by adding 3 Security Module plug-in units (SECMO-A).
If the ACU has SECMOs, then the DBDU must also have them.
DBG
SECMO 0
SECMO 1
RST
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 6 8 9 10
Figure 45 ACU with two optional SECMO-A units in CC3C-A cartridge
6.5 Basic Data Communications Unit (BDCU)

Redundancy: None. Redundancy of the OSI/LAN connection achieved
using OSI management.
Purpose: The BDCU contains communication links to the operation
and maintenance network (analogue/digital X.25;
LAN/Ethernet), to the CEIR, and to the Billing Centre.
AS7-A / AS7-B Pre-processor (digital X.25)
AC25-A Pre-processor (analogue
X.25)
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Cabinet: HLGC Home Location Group

Switch Cabinet
GSW
X.25 (analogue and digital; optional)
Physical interface: V.24, limited V.24, V.35, V.36, and X.21
Dimensioning
Five Analogue or Digital X.25 Interface units may be installed.
AS7/AC25 0
AS7/AC25 1
AS7/AC25 2
AS7/AC25 3
AS7/AC25 4
DBG
RST
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
AP AP AP
TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 46 BDCU in CC3C-A cartridge
Note
The BDCU in the HLRi is almost identical to the BDCU in the MSCi. The main
difference is that the HLRi includes a connection to the CEIR and not the Short
Message Centre, and that it is in the HLGC cabinet.
6-65789 Nokia Oyj 71 (116)

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6.6 Central Memory and Marker (CMM)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The CMM handles the functions of two different functional
entities: the Central Memory (CM) and the Marker (M).
The CM handles the routing functions of the HLRi. It also
contains all system configuration data and master copies of
distributed files. In addition, it is responsible for the central
functions of CCS7.
The M controls and supervises the GSW, hunts for free
circuits and is responsible for establishing and releasing all
connections. The Marker and the GSW make up a
switchover entity, which is duplicated for 2n redundancy.
The CMM also hosts the LAN switch, which collects O&M
signalling data from the OMU, BDCU, STU, DBDU and
ACU units.
Type: Computer Unit with GSW 512 as a subunit
1x SWCOP-A Switch Control Processor
Switch Cabinet
Switch Control Bus to GSW 512
GSW
O&M LAN interface (ESB20)
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HLRi/AC/EIR design
DBG
RST
SWCOP
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 47 CMM in CC3C-A cartridge
6.7 Clock System (CLS)

The CLS consists of two standard units, the Clock System Unit (CLS) and
Clock and Alarm Buffer Unit (CLBU). For more information on the optional
Synchronization Signal Interface (SSIF-S), see Engineering for HLRi.
The CLS is identical to that used in the MSCi, except for the two units
locations in the HLRi cabinets.
6.7.1 Clock System Unit (CLSU)
Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The CLSUs generate the clock signals necessary for
synchronising the functions of the MSCi and transmit them
further to the CLBU units in the other cabinets. When using
hierarchical mode, each unit is synchronised to up to four
inputs, usually coming from the PSTN. It also has two
external synchronisation inputs.
The CLSUs also feed the timing signals to the units in the
HLGC cabinet. One CLSU unit can handle the timing and
alarm collection functions of up to 15 cartridges.
Plug-in units: 2x CL2TG-S Clock and Tone Generator
Cartridge: CLOC-A
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Switch Cabinet
Interfaces: Synchronisation input
External synchronisation input
Internal wired alarm interface to the OMU via the GSW
Note
One CL2TG-S plug-in unit contains one entire CLSU FU.
CLXTG 0
CLXTG 1
00 03
Figure 48 Two independent CLSUs in CLOC-A cartridge
6.7.2 Clock and Alarm Buffer Unit (CLBU)
Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The duplicated CLBUs distribute the clock signals
(generated by the CLSUs) to the units in the same cabinet.
The CLBU also collects the wired alarms from the units
whose timing it handles, and transfers them further to the
OMU. One CLBU can handle the timing and alarm
collection functions of up to 15 cartridges.
Plug-in units: 2x CLAB-S Clock and Alarm Buffer
Cartridge: CLAC-A 1/6-shelf cartridges, non-cPCI
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HLRi/AC/EIR design
Interfaces: Synchronisation input from CLSU

Internal wired alarm interface
Notes
One CLAB-S plug-in unit contains one entire CLBU unit.
In the MML commands of the exchange software, the CLBUs are referred to
using the term CLAB.
CLAB 0
CLAB 1
3 4
Figure 49 Two independent CLBUs in CLAC-A cartridge
6.8 Common Channel Signalling Unit (CCSU)

Redundancy: N+1
Purpose: The CCSU handles CCS7 signalling functions between the
HLRi and MSCi. It also controls the PCM connections of the
exchange and the ETs allocated to the BDCU. Signalling
traffic between the NSS network elements can also be
carried over the IP network with SIGTRAN.
control)
6-65789 Nokia Oyj 75 (116)

Issue 5.0

GSW
LAPD
CCS7
LAN (CP550-B standard feature; used with SIGTRAN)
DBG
RST
MBIF 1
MBIF 0
AS7 0
AS7 1
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
AP AP TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 50 CCSU in CC4C-A cartridge
6.9 Database Distributor Unit (DBDU)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The main responsibility of the DBDU is to distribute
HLRi/AUC subscriber related data to the correct unit
(HLRU/ACU). This information can come from either the
network or the administrative unit.
Type: Computer unit, with a dedicated storage device unit as a
subunit.
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HLRi/AC/EIR design

standard feature)
DBG
RST
SECMO
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 6 8 9 10
Figure 51 DBDU in CC3C-A cartridge
Dimensioning
The DBDU can be expanded by adding 3 Security Module plug-in units (SECMO-A).
If the DBDU has SECMOs, then the ACU must also have them.
6.10 Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

EIR units are installed in the HLRi when services concerning the equipment
identity are needed. The EIR consists of two separate units, the Equipment
Identity Register Unit (EIRU) and the Equipment Main Unit (EMU).
6.10.1 Equipment Main Unit (EMU)
Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The EMU contains the main database of the EIRU. The key
responsibilities of the EMU are EIR management and CEIR-
EIR interface management.
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Type: Computer Unit with a dedicated storage device unit as a

subunit.
standard feature)
DBG
RST
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6
CPU
J7
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 52 EMU in CC4C-A cartridge
6.10.2 Equipment Identity Register Unit (EIRU)
Redundancy: N+1/L
Purpose: The EIRU performs the verification of equipment identities
and provides the network operator with lists of suspicious,
stolen, or faulty mobile equipment.
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HLRi/AC/EIR design

DBG
RST
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6
CPU
J7
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 53 EIRU in CC4C-A cartridge
6.11 Exchange Terminal (ET)

Redundancy: None
Purpose: The ET performs the electrical synchronisation and
adaptation of external PCM lines. The ET is able to do the
HDB3 coding and decoding, insert the alarm bits in the
outgoing direction and produce the PCM frame structure.
Plug-in units: 1x ET2E-S Exchange Terminal with Euro connectors
(balanced E1 interface)
1x ET2E-SC Exchange Terminal with coaxial
connectors (unbalanced E1 interface)
1x ET2A Exchange Terminal with RJ45
connectors (balanced T1 interface)
Cartridge: ET5C-A 1/6-shelf cartridges, non-cPCI
Interfaces: GSW
Control interface from the Signalling Unit (via the GSW)
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Issue 5.0
PCM (E1/T1)
Synchronisation
Notes
One ET2E-SA, ET2E-CA or ET2A-A plug-in unit contains two ET FUs.
ET2s can be replaced by the optional SSIF-units. See Synchronization Signal
Interface.
0 1 2 3
ET2A / E / E-C
ET2A / E / E-C
ET2A / E / E-C
ET2A / E / E-C
4 5 6 7
ET2A / E / E-C
ET2A / E / E-C
ET2A / E / E-C
ET2A / E / E-C
Figure 54 ET2 units in ET5C-A cartridge
6.12 Group Switch 512 (GSW 512)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The GSW is the switching network of the HLRi. It is
controlled by the CMM. Initially, the HLRi is provided with
a GSW equipped for the capacity of 256 x 256 PCMs.
Type: Subunit of the CMM
Plug-in units: 1x SWCSM-S Switch Control and Switching Memory
4x SWSPS-S Switch Serial-Parallel-Serial Converter
Cartridge: SW1C-A 1/4-shelf cartridge, non-cPCI
Cabinet: HLGC Home Location Group Switch Cabinet
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HLRi/AC/EIR design
Interfaces: Switch control bus from the CMM

GSW PCMs to some computer units and all ETs in the exchange.
SWSPS 0
SWSPS 1
SWSPS 2
SWSPS 3
SWCSM
PSC6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 55 GSW 512 in SW1C-A cartridge
6.13 Home Location Register Unit (HLRU)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The HLRU controls the home subscriber database
(HOSTEL), which is used for creating and modifying
subscriber data. The HLRU is also involved in call handling
(HLRi-inquiry).
Type: Computer unit, with a dedicated storage device unit as a
subunit.
Plug-in units: 1x CP523-A Central Processing Unit
2x MBIF-A Message Bus Interface
Optional LAN interface (ESB20)
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI; CP523-A standard
feature)
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Issue 5.0
DBG
RST
J7
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6 J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
ESB20
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
RST DRAM
SB
PCI
ON
SCSI
J5
OFF ETx
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DN00294699
Figure 56 HLRU in CC4C-A cartridge
6.14 IP interfaces in the HLRi

The two IP interfaces in the HLRi are described below.
6.14.1 Control LAN for SIGTRAN
With SIGTRAN, CCS7 signalling can be carried in IP packets between the NSS
network elements. The hardware implementation of SIGTRAN contains an
internal LAN with ESB20 LAN switches, which connect the CCSUs to the IP
network via routers.
Figure 57 provides an overview of the SIGTRAN LAN architecture. Compare
with Figure 27.
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HLRi/AC/EIR design
COMPUTER CABINET
CCxC-A 100
Mb/s
UPLINK
*SU ESB20
MESSAGE BUS
VRRP
IP
NETWORK
CCxC-A 100
Mb/s
UPLINK
*SU ESB20
LAN
DN0148783
Figure 57 SIGTRAN LAN architecture
Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The LAN switch collects SIGTRAN signalling data from the
CCSUs and sends it further to the IP network via external
LAN switches and routers with a 100 Mbit/s uplink
connection.
Type: FU
Plug-in units: 1x ESB20 Control LAN switch
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Issue 5.0
DBG
RST
J7
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6 J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
ESB20
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
RST DRAM
SB
PCI
ON
SCSI
J5
OFF ETx
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DN00294699
Figure 58 STU/HLRU with ESB20 LAN switch in CC4C-A cartridge
6.14.2 Centralised O&M LAN
The hardware configuration of the centralised O&M LAN contains ESB20 LAN
switches, which collect O&M signalling data from the OMU, BDCU, STU,
DBDU, and ACU units. The switches provide access to the operators internal
IP network, and further to the O&M network via external routers.
Figure 59 gives an overview of the O&M LAN architecture. Compare with
Figure 29.
CCxC-A 100
OMU Mb/s
uplink
ESB20
MESSAGE BUS
VRRP
BDCU IP
NETWORK
CCxC-A 100
Mb/s
uplink
ESB20
Register
Unit DN0129003
NE boundary
Figure 59 Overview of O&M LAN
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Issue 5.0
HLRi/AC/EIR design
Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The O&M LAN switch collects O&M signalling data from
the computer units and sends it further to external routers
and the IP network via a 100 Mbit/s uplink connection.
Type: FU
Cabinet: HLGC Home Location Group Switch
Cabinet
HLRC Home Location Register Cabinet
DBG
RST
J7
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6 J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
ESB20
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
RST DRAM
SB
PCI
ON
SCSI
J5
OFF ETx
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DN00294699
Figure 60 CM with ESB20 LAN switch in CC4C-A cartridge
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Issue 5.0
6.15 Message Bus (MB)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The MB is the physical connection between computer units.
The Message Bus interface plug-in units (MBIF-A / MBIF-
B), located in every computer unit, control the MB.
Plug-in units: MBIF-A / MBIF-B in every computer unit
Interfaces: Computer units
Notes
The cartridges providing backup for the power supply to the Message Bus
terminal resistors must always be equipped with a power supply plug-in unit,
even in case they are left otherwise empty.
The MBIF units are identical to those in the MSCi.
6.16 Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The OMU handles all centralised supervision, alarm and
recovery functions, and the connections toward the user
interface (MMI-System). It collects the wired alarms from
the exchange a well as from the external equipment
connected to the system.
Type: Computer unit, with a storage device unit as a subunit.
1x AS7-A / AS7-B Pre-processor (LAPD and
clock control channel)
1x HWAT-A Hardware Alarm Terminal
1x SERO-A Serial Interface
Cabinet: HLGC Home Location Group Switch Cabinet
GSW
LAN/Ethernet (CP523-A /CP550-B standard feature)
standard feature)
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Issue 5.0
HLRi/AC/EIR design
Wired Alarm Interface

External Alarm Interface
Interface to Lamp Panel for Alarms
Clock control channel
Serial Interface (VDU and LPT)
Note
The OMU is identical to that used in the MSCi.
DBG
RST
HWAT 0
SERO 1
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
AS7 0
PSC6
J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR

WO
RUN
RST
LF
OL
AP SW0
TE
AP
SW1
DRAM
SB
CPSI
ON
SCSI
ETx
OFF
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure 61 OMU in CC3C-A cartridge
6.17 Power Distribution Fuse Unit (PDFU)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The PDFU distributes the -48V/-60V power from the
rectifier or batteries to cartridges through distribution cables.
The PDFU also contains fuses for these cables, along with
alarm circuits for the incoming voltages and its own fuses.
Plug-in units: 2x PDFU Power Distribution Fuse Unit
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Issue 5.0
Cabinet: upper part of all cabinets, each cabinet is equipped with two
PDFUs
Interfaces: Supply interfaces to cartridges and station
rectifiers/batteries
Wired alarm Interface
6.18 Statistical Unit (STU)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: The statistical unit collects performance and measurement
data from the network. The STU also hosts the optional
LAN switch, which collects and switches SIGTRAN
signalling data between the CCSUs and the IP network.
1x ESB20 Control LAN switch
(optional)
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI; CP523-A standard
feature)
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Issue 5.0
HLRi/AC/EIR design
DBG
RST
J7
MBIF 0
MBIF 1
PSC6
J6 J7
CPU
J6
OPR OPR OPR OPR

WO
ESB20
RUN
LF
OL
TE
AP
RST DRAM
SB
PCI
ON
SCSI
J5
OFF ETx
ERx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DN00294699
Figure 62 STU in CC4C-A cartridge
6.19 Storage device cartridges (SD3C-A / SD4C-A)

Redundancy: 2n
Purpose: Those HLRi computer units that manage large databases are
equipped with dedicated storage device units. Memory units
have hard disks, DAT drives and, optionally, floppy disk
drives that are housed in separate storage device cartridges.
Type: Subunit to ACU, DBDU, EMU, HLRU, OMU, or STU
Interfaces: Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)
6.19.1 Storage device cartridge (SD4C-A)
Purpose: The SD4C-A cartridges are the dedicated storage device

units of the EMU, HLRi, OMU and STU.
Plug-in units: 1x HDU Hard Disk Unit
1x FDU Floppy Disk Unit
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Issue 5.0
PSC4 HDU CTU FDU
USY TAPE STATUS

EJECT
0 1 2 3
ADAPTER
ADAPTER
DN98618755
Figure 63 Storage Device Unit equipment allocated to EMU, HLRU, OMU

or STU, in SD4C-A cartridge
Only the OMU memory unit SD 0 contains the Floppy Disk Unit.
6.19.2 Storage device cartridge (SD3C-A)
Purpose: The SD3C-A cartridges are the dedicated storage device

units of the ACU- or DBDU-Pair.
Plug-in units: 2x HDU Hard Disk Unit
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Issue 5.0
HLRi/AC/EIR design
HDU CTU HDU CTU
CDAD-A
CDAD-A
PSC4 PSC4
DN98616757
Figure 64 Duplicated storage device unit allocated to ACU- or DBDU-pair

in SD3C-A cartridge
6.20 Chapter review

There are 20 FUs in the M12 HLRi architecture. Their characteristics are
summarised in Table 4.
Table 4. M12 HLRi FUs
Unit Redun Type Plug-in unit (PIU) Cartridge Cabinet Interface

dancy
ACU 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A HLRC - MB
dedicated 1 PSC6-A A)
storage device 2 SECMO-A (opt.) - SCSI (CP523-A)
unit
BDCU None Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A HLGC - MB
1 PSC6-A - LAN/Ethernet (CP523-
15 AS7-A (digital A)
X.25, opt.) and/or - X.25 (analogue and
15 AC25-A digital)
(analogue X.25, opt.) - Physical: V.24, limited
v.24, V.35, V.36, X.21,
LADP (opt.)
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Issue 5.0

dancy
CCSU n+1 Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC4C-A HLGC - MB
with no subunits 2 MBIF-A HLRC - GSW
1 PSC6-A - LAPD
1 AS7-A (ET control) - CCS7
1 AS7-A (CCS7)
CLBU 2n FU with no 2 CLAB-S CLAC-A HLRC - Synchronization input
subunits from CLSU
- Synchronization output
- External
interface
CLSU 2n FU with no 2 CL2TG-S CLOC-A HLGC - Synchronization input
subunits - Synchronization output
- External
interface to OMU via
GSW
CMM 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A HLGC - MB
with a subunit, 2 MBIF-A - GSW
GSW 512 1 PSC6-A - Switch control bus to
1 SWCOP-A GSW 512
DBDU 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A HLRC - MB
storage device 1 SECMO-A (opt.) - SCSI (CP523-A)
unit
EIRU n+1/L, Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC4C-A HLRC - MB
with no subunits 2 MBIF-A - LAN/Ethernet (CP523-
1 PSC6-A A)
EMU 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC4C-A HLRC - MB
storage device - SCSI (CP523-A)
unit
ET None FU with no 18 ET2E S (Euro, ET5C-A HLRC - GSW
subunits E1) - Control interface from
18 ET2E-SC Signalling Unit (via GSW)
(Coax, E1) - PCM
18 ET2A (RJ45, - Synchronisation
T1)
GSW 2n FU, subunit of 1 SWCSM-S SW1C-A HLGC - Switch control bus from
512 CMM 4 SWSPS-S Marker
(256*2 1 PSC1-S - PCM (E1/T1)
56
PCMs)
HLRU 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC4C-A HLRC - MB
with subunit, a 2 MBIF-A - LAN/Ethernet (CP523-
- SCSI (CP523-A)
MB 2n FU with no MBIF-A in every - - Computer units
subunits computer unit
O&M 2n FU 1 ESB20 CC4C-A HLGC - OMU
LAN 1 PSC6 HLRC - BDCU
switche - DBDU
s - ACU
- IP network
all via LAN
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HLRi/AC/EIR design

dancy
OMU 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC3C-A HLGC - MB
with subunit, a 2 MBIF-A - GSW
storage device 1 PSC6-A - LAN/Ethernet (CP523-
1 AS7-A (LAPD and A)
clock control channel) - SCSI (CP523-A)
1 HWAT-A - Wired alarms
1 SERO-A - External alarm interface
- Clock control channel
- Serial interface (VDU
and LPT)
PDFU 2n FU with no PDFU - Upper - Wired alarm interface
subunits part of all - Supply interfaces to
cabinets cartridges and station
battery
SD3C- 2n Subunit to ACU 2 HDU SD3C-A HLRC - SCSI
A or DBDU 2 CTU
2 PSC4-S
SD4C- 2n Subunit to EMU, 1 HDU SD4C-A HLRC - SCSI
A HLRU, OMU or 1 CTU
STU 1 FDU
1 PSC4-S
SIGTR 2n FU 1 ESB20 CC4C-A HLRC - CCSUs
AN 1 PSC6 - IP network
LAN all via LAN
switche
s
STU 2n Computer unit 1 CP523-A CC4C-A HLRC - MB
- SCSI (CP523-A)
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Issue 5.0
7 MSS concept
3GPP Rel. 4 defines a new call control product - the MSC Server (MSS) - in the
Circuit Switched core.
The MSS terminates user-network signalling and translates it into signalling
over an Nc- interface. It also terminates signalling over an Mc- interface with a
Multimedia Gateway (MGW), thus acting as an MGW controller. It is
integrated with a VLR to hold the mobile subscribers service data and CAMEL
related data.
The MSS can be implemented as a stand-along network element, or integrated
into an existing Nokia MSC.
The MSS concept includes the MGW Rel. 4, which is an advanced version of
MGW Rel. 99. The MSS concept separates user and control plane processing
into two separate entities. The MGW Rel. 4 handles user-plane processing,
whereas the MSS handles the control plane.
The MGW Rel. 4 is connected to 2G and 3G radio networks, an IP/ATM
backbone, and a PSTN/ISDN.
One HLR supports calls generated by 2G, 3G, and dual-mode subscribers. This
solution facilitates management because when a 2G user subscribes to dual-
mode services, you need only activate the service in one, centralized database.
7.1 MSS hardware architecture

MSS hardware, both integrated and stand-alone, is based on the i-series Nokia
DX 200 platform, and uses Intel Pentium processors.
The specifications for the interfaces between the modules allow you to upgrade
your systems functionality by integrating new network elements without
changing its architecture. This solution allows your system to have a long
operational life while remaining up-to-date.
7.1.1 Stand-alone MSS
The stand-alone MSS is a compact server product that provides processing

power required when one server controls several Multimedia Gateways
(MGWs).
The stand-alone MSS does not have a Group Switch for switching 65 kbit/s
PCM channels, however you have the option of including a small Group Switch
in the configuration, if needed, for SS7 signalling.
Figure 65 shows the hardware architecture of the stand-alone MSS.
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MSS concept
optional
E1
ET T1
LAN switch
GSW CLS Ext.Sync.
X.25 or
NMS and
SIGU BSU CCSU CMM BDCU SMSC
MB
CMU STU CHU OMU VDU

VLRU
and
LPT
LAN switch
Figure 65 Hardware architecture for stand-alone MSS
7.1.2 Integrated MSS
You can upgrade a regular MSC to an Integrated MSS. Therefore the block
diagram of the Integrated MSS in Figure 66 includes all the Functional Units of
the regular MSC. Naturally, the Integrated MSS includes a Group Switch
because it handles user-plane traffic on PCM lines.
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BSS
ET
ECET PSTN
TGFP
CLS EXT.
SYNC
CDSU
GSW
ET NSS
IPET
LAN VANG
ET PBX
IP Control LAN Switch

X.25 or LAN to
NMS and SMSC
TGSU CASU MFSU BSU CCSU M PAU BDCU
MESSAGE BUS
VDU and LPT
CCMU CMU CM VLRU STU CHU OMU

DN98616796
LAN LAN LAN
O&M LAN Switch IP
Figure 66 Hardware architecture for integrated MSS
7.1.3 Redundancy
You can use different back-up techniques, depending on the element in

question, to ensure reliability.
Some elements are backed up by full duplication (2n) or by the n+1 redundancy
principle, which indicates that more elements are available than traffic requires.
Other elements are backed up according to the load-sharing (n+1/L) principle,
indicating that during normal operations all devices share the load, and if one
device malfunctions, the others are able to carry out the full load.
Table 5 shows redundancy methods for the different units.
Unit Redundancy Unit Redundancy Unit Redundancy

BSU N+1 CCSU N+1 OMU 2N
BDCU N CDSU N PAU N+1
CMU 2N CMM 2N SIGU N+1
CM 2N LANU 2N STU 2N
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MSS concept
CASU N+1 M 2N TGFP 2N

CHU 2N MB 2N TGSU N+1
CCMU 2N MFSU N+1/L VLRU 2N
Table 5 Redundancy methods for the different units
7.1.4 Base Station Signalling Unit (BSU)
The BSU provides the BSSAP and RANAP protocols, which perform the
signalling function between the radio network and the MSS. The BSU
SIGTRAN functionality and LAN interface allow it to use IP for conveying
signalling messages. If an A-interface is connected to an integrated MSS, the
BSU also controls the PCMs linked to the BSS.
7.1.5 Basic Data Communication Unit (BDCU)
The BDCU provides the following external connections:

Traffica, using BDCU, and UPD/IP as transportation layer
OSI-based protocols for O&M connections, required in integrated models
X.25 (integrated models) and TCP/IP connections to SMSC, if not part of
the SS7 network
7.1.6 Cellular Management Unit (CMU)
The CMU controls the cellular radio network and the CDSUs that provide the
Interworking Function (IWF). It also provides system support functions, such as
Private Numbering Plan (PNP) translations.
7.1.7 Central Memory (CM)
The semi-permanent files of the CM contain the systems tariffing, signalling,

routing and configuration data. Other units use this information to determine
when a call can be established.
7.1.8 Common Channel Signalling Management Unit (CCMU)
The CCSMU carries out SS7 signalling network management functions.
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It should be noted that a stand-alone MSS uses a Central Memory and Market
(CMM) unit instead of a separate M, CM, and CCMU. The M, CM and CCMU
functionalities are integrated into a single CMM unit.
7.1.9 Charging Unit (CHU)
The CHU collects charging data, maintains various counters, and produces
detailed charging records. It can send charging data directly to the Billing
Centre from its redundant LAN interface, using FTP over TCP/IP. Hot billing is
also transferred directly from the CHU using GTP protocol, for GPRS.
7.1.10 Clock and Synchronisation Unit (CLS)
The CLS generates clock and synchronisation signals and transmits them to the
CLBU units in the other cabinets. In integrated models, synchronisation signals
are received from external PCM lines or an external synchronisation interface in
CLS. Stand-alone models, without external PCM connections, receive external
synchronization signals through a CLS interface.
7.1.11 Common Channel Signalling Unit (CCSU)
The CCSU handles core SS7, INAP, and CAP signalling. A CCSU supports 64
TDMs. A CCSU supports SIGTRAN, H.248, SIP, and BICC signalling.
It should be noted that in a stand-alone MSS, the Signalling Unit (SIGU)
handles CCSU functionality. SIGU has the same functionality as CCSU, except
that SIGU uses an IP-based signalling network, whereas CCSU uses an IP or
TDM-based SS7 network.
7.1.12 Compact Data Service Unit (CDSU)
The CDSU provides the IWF, which provides the equipment (modem pool and
UDI pool equipment) used by GSM data services interworking.
The CDSU has no redundancy of its own, but can achieve redundancy by using
different routing and equipping principles.
The integrated MSS can have up to 42 CDSU cartridges, each supporting a
maximum of 32 data channels. The total number of data channels per CDSU is
1344.
7.1.13 Local Area Network Switch Unit (LANU)
LANU is a LAN switch that is integrated in a Nokia network element. LANU

provides standard LAN switch functionality. Its purpose in the MSS it to
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MSS concept
provide a manageable set of LAN interfaces from a network element to an

external router at the site.
7.1.14 Channel Associated Signalling Unit (CASU) and MF Signalling Unit

(MFSU)
You have to install a CASU in the exchange only when you need Channel
Associated Signalling (CAS).
The MFSU handles the transmission and reception of MF signals, and CASU
handles the related CAS line signalling functions.
7.1.15 Echo Cancelling and Exchange Terminal (ECET)
The ECET terminates PCM lines connected directly to the MSS from a PSTN
or a PBX.
7.1.16 Exchange Terminal (ET)
The ET terminates TDM lines connected directly to an MSS, such as BSS,

PABX, and circuit-switched data calls. The ET does not provide echo
cancelling.
7.1.17 Internet Protocol Exchange Terminal (IPET)
The IPET provides termination of the IP user plan in the Nokia IP Trunk
feature. It converts PCM speech frames arriving from the switch matrix into IP
packets and forwards them to the IP network. Each IPET has its own IP address
that is defined during call set-up. The IPET uses speech codecs and RTP/RTCP
protocols for speech framing. The Nokia IP Trunk interworks with the Nokia
MSS.
7.1.18 Trunk Gateway Signalling Unit (TGSU)
The Nokia IP Trunk feature requires the TGSU for handling call control
signalling functions over an IP network, using SIP with ISUP tunnelling. The
TGSU loads, controls, and supervises IPET units.
7.1.19 Group Switch (GSW)
The switching fabric GSW is required if TDM trunks are connected directly to
an MSS.
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The maximum capacity of a GSW in an integrated MSS is 2048 TDMs. You

can also include a GSW in a stand-alone MSS, if you want to make a direct
connection from a stand-alone model to a TDM-based SS7 signalling network.
In this case, the maximum capacity of the GSW is 256 TDMs.
7.1.20 Marker (M)
The M controls and supervises the GSW in an integrated MSS, hunts for free
circuits, and connects and releases connections.
7.1.21 Operation and Maintenance Unit (O&M)
The O&M handles centralized supervision, alarm and recovery functions, and
connections towards the user interface (MMI system). Generally, connections
are towards the IP network, but the V.24 interface is used for collecting wired
alarms from the exchange and external equipment connected to the system.
7.1.22 Primary Rate Access Unit (PAU)
The PAU is installed in an integrated model when support for traditional Private
Branch Exchange (PBX) is required.
The two alternative protocols for PBX signalling are: ISDN primary rate access
30B+D, and DPNSS 1.
One PAU can handle up to 64 signalling links and control up to 64 external
TDM lines.
7.1.23 Statistical Unit (STU)
The STU collects raw traffic measurements, supervises the load of the
exchange, maintains various counters and produces statistical reports, which are
normally sent to the IP network through the OMU using FTP protocol.
However, OLCM and fraud reports are sent through the redundant LAN
interface in the STU.
7.1.24 Visitor Location Register Unit (VLRU)
The VLRU stores information of subscribers currently being served by the

MSS. The MSS can have up to eight VLRU pairs, each with a capacity of
75,000 normal and 25,000 telemetric subscribers, totalling 600,000 normal and
200, 000 telemetric subscribers for an MSS.
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7.2 Overview of the CDS in GSM/3G networks

The Nokia DX 200 Circuit Switched Data Server (CDS) provides the IWF
functionality for circuit-switched data call interworking between a PLMN and
fixed networks (ISDN, PSTN, and PDNs). It is logically part of the MGW user
plane but it is a separate network element that is connected to a MGW. The
MGW controls the CDS using Nokia proprietary message protocol over
TCP/IP, the same as for the Integrated IWF in MSS.
The CDS supports both the Integrated and the MSS concept. In the MSS
concept, where only signaling is conveyed to the MSS and both the TDM and
packet-based user plane is transported through the MGW, the CDS provides the
IWF functionality for CS data calls.
The function of the CDS depends on the services and types of fixed networks in
use. The CDS converts the protocols used in a PLMN to those used in a fixed
network. The CDS is not required when service implementation in a PLMN is
directly compatible with that of a fixed network (for example, 56/64 kbit/s
transparent data services).
Although GSM CS data usage is on the decline, it still needs to be supported in
the MSS concept in order to provide a smooth evolutionary path to all-IP
networks.
7.2.1 CDS hardware architecture
In the first phase of M12, the IWF is located in the MSS. This solution is called
the Integrated IWF, and is introduced with Feature 1328.
The CDS, a stand-alone IWF network element, is introduced in M12 Top with
Feature 1440. The CDS provides the IWF functionality for CS data in the stand-
alone MSS concept.
The block diagram in Figure 67 shows the interfaces between the Functional
Units and the interfaces that connect the system to the environment.
The hardware of the Functional Units and their functions are described in more
detail in Introduction to CDS Functional Unit descriptions in the M12 customer
library. For more information, see also Nokia CS Data Server (CDS) Product
Description.
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CDSU CLS Ext.sync.

CDSU GSW
GSW
LAPD 512
256/512
100Mb Lan ET E1/T1
LANU
LAPD
GSU CMM
MB
MB
CM CMand
andMarker
Markercombined
combinedtotoCMM
CMM
OMU AS7PIUs
AS7 PIUsand
andthe
theCDSU
CDSUcontrol
control
ininCMM
CMM
NoNoSTU
STU
Figure 67 Interfaces between FUs and external environment
7.2.2 Advantages of the CDS
Here are some advantages of the CDS:

It supports separation of the control and user planes in the MSS concept,
according to 3GPP Rel. 4 specifications, in so far as it is connected to the
MGW and is a logical part of the MGW user plane.
It is based on an existing and proven IWF implementation, eliminating
the need for a new IWF implementation for MGW.
MGW control of the CDS uses the same Nokia proprietary message
protocol over TCP/IP as in the Integrated IWF.
The MGW can use the Integrated IWF and the CDS simultaneously,
which allows the MGW to use the CDS as an IWF capacity extension.
7.2.3 Operating principles
The MSS sets up terminations towards the radio network (Ta) and the PSTN
(Tb) (see Figure 68). It controls the connections between these terminations in
the MGW, using a standard H.248/Megaco interface. In the case of a CS data
call, which involves the IWF, the MGW requests IWF resources from the CDS,
using internal proprietary control protocol. The MGW couples the IWF lines
with terminations Ta and Tb.
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MSS concept
MSS
MSS
H.248/Megaco
MGW
MGW
Ta Tb
BSS/RAN PSTN/ISDN
IWF control
interface
TDM/PCM
CDSU
CDS
CDS
Figure 68 Operating principles for CDS
Both the CDS and the Integrated IWF in the MSS (Feature 1328: Data calls in
the MSC Server) provide the same services for CS data calls. It should be noted,
however, that you cant a CDS for data calls coming to the access interface
connected to the MSS.
7.2.4 Statistics in CDS
The aim in CDS statistics is to implement statistics with minimum

functionalities.
CDS statistics implement the following measurements:
IWF measurement
Measures usage of IWF capacity and radio resources in data calls.
Circuit group measurement
Provides information on traffic intensity in circuit groups.
Control unit measurement
Provides information on traffic intensity in control units.
Unit load measurement
Provides information on average and peak loads of DMX and
Chorus computer units.
Message Bus load measurement
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Availability performance measurement

Provides information on disturbances detected in the different parts
of the system.
Circuit seizure supervision
Shows the circuits that are free or reserved during the entire
supervision period (1 to 7 days).
Average circuit seizure time (duration of call) supervision
Indicates the circuits with exceptionally short circuit seizure times
for calls.
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I-series architecture: Differences between M11 and M12
8 I-series architecture: Differences

between M11 and M12
8.1 New hardware items in M12

Table 1 introduces the new plug-in units and other hardware items that are used
in M12 new deliveries.
Table 6 New M12 hardware items
Item Name
CP710-A Central Processing Unit
MR512M Memory module for CP710-A
SECMO-B Security module
MO91 Magneto Optical disk
ODAD-A Adapter for MO91
SCBC SCSI Bus terminator for MO91
8.1.1 IC209-A equipment cabinet
In M12 deliveries, i-series equipment is housed in IC209-A cabinets.

The more powerful CPU (CP710-A) introduced in M12 can only be installed in
the IC209-A cabinet. Cabinet type IC209 is used at system levels M9, M10, and
M11.
The main differences between the IC209 and the IC209-A are:
Four Power Distribution Fuse Units (PDFU-As) in IC209-A. IC209 has
two PDFUs.
Four integrated Dual Line DC Filters (DLDF) in IC209-A. IC209 has two
DLDFs.
Four Fan Trays (FTRBs) for forced ventilation in IC209-A
Cover plate SHIM4T installed in all empty slots of every computer unit
in use in IC209-A
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8.1.2 Central Processing Unit CP710-A
The three types of central processing units that can be used in microcomputer
units of i-series network elements are the CP523-A, used since M9 and M10,
the CP550-B, introduced at M11, and the CP710-A, introduced at M12.
The CP710-A, the more powerful plug-in unit, has a Mobile Pentium processor
with a frequency of 800 MHz. It can only be used in cabinets with forced
ventilation (IC209-A).
The most important features of the CP710-A are:
512 KB of L2 cache
4 MB of flash boot memory
Memory capacity of up to 2 GB of SDRAM in four DIMMs
Two internal cPCI buses
Two Ultra3 (160MB/s) SCSI interfaces, Ultra2 also supported
Onboard Ethernet controller and two 10Base-T / 100Base-Tx / 1000Base-
T Ethernet interfaces
Two V.24 / V.28 based serial interfaces
It should be noted that the OMU must be equipped with a CP710-A or CP550-B
if optional feature XML File Format is in use. If the High Capacity HLR feature
is in use, the HLRUs and ACUs need to be equipped with a CP710-A.
8.1.3 MR512M
The MR512M is the memory module for CP710-A.
8.1.4 Cartridges
The non-cPCI cartridges introduced in i-series hardware implementation at

system level M12 are listed below. (Non-cPCI cartridges house units that are
not equipped with a cPCI bus, such as an Exchange Terminal, Interworking
equipment, storage device unit, clock equipment, or duplicated Group Switch.
Plug-in units in non-cPCI cartridges connect to the motherboards of cartridges
through standard Euroconnectors.)
SW2C-B Group Switch Cartridge
ET4C-B Exchange Terminal Cartridge
ET5C-B Exchange Terminal Cartridge
DS1C-B Data Service Cartridge
SD3C-B Storage Device Cartridge
SD4C-B Storage Device Cartridge
SW1C-B Group Switch Cartridge
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CLAC-B CLBU Cartridge

CLOC-B CLSU Cartridge
LASWC-A
8.1.5 Magneto Optical Disk Unit (MO91)
The new storage device cartridges (SD4C-B), equipped with magneto optical
devices, are introduced at system level M12. The magneto optical devices
replace the cartridge tape units (CTUs) and Floppy Disk Units in new
deliveries.
The SCBC (SCSI Bus terminator for MO91) is installed inside the SC4C-B
cartridge with the MO drive.
8.1.6 SECMO-B
Two optional SECMO-B (Security Module) units are introduced in the CC3C-A
cartridge of ACUs. It should be noted that ACUs and DBDUs need to be
equipped with SEMCO-Bs if 2G or 3G authentication is required.
8.1.7 CHU in SRRi
From M12 onwards, it is possible to have CHUs in SRRi. This is a requirement

of optional software feature SRRi Accounting.
8.2 High Capacity HLR

The M12 optional High Capacity HLR optional feature doubles the subscriber
capacity currently available in the DX200 HLRi.
It increases the subscriber capacity in the HOSTEL database of the HLRU pair
to 3,2 million subscribers (2,4 million normal and 0,8 million telemetric) and in
the ACRARE database of the ACU pair to 960 000 subscribers (half of which is
reserved for normal subscribers, from the point of view of dynamic capacity,
and the other half for telemetric subscribers and/or for SIM replacement).
The feature doubles the dynamic capacity of the HLR, AUC, and EIR, currently
available in the DX200 HLRi.
8.2.1 Requirements
The High Capacity HLR feature has the following hardware requirements:
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HLRUs and ACUs equipped with a CP710-A, requiring IC209-A cabinet

mechanics with forced cooling.
ACUs and DBDUs equipped with SEMCO-B for 2G or 3G
authentication.
An HLRi. You cannot convert a DX200 HLRi to the new HLRi software
configuration with its increased databases.
M12 new deliveries include all necessary hardware for this feature. High
Capacity HLR software must be purchased separately.
Exchanges delivered before system level M12 require some hardware changes
and separate purchase of High Capacity HLR software. Table 7 summarizes the
software and hardware requirements for deliveries before M12.
Table 7 High Capacity HLR requirements for prior to M12 deliveries
Feature Hardware requirements for

exchanges delivered before system
level M12
3.2M subscribers in High Capacity CP710-A CPU with 1,5 GB
HLR memory in HLRU
CP710-A/512 MB or CP550-
B/128 MB CPU in ACU
Cabinet with forced ventilation
due to CP710-A
SECMO-B Security Module for
ACU and DBDU for 2G and 3G
authentication
8.3 Integrated MSC Server

You can upgrade an MSCi to an Integrated MSC with feature MGW Control
Function and some hardware changes, depending on the existing hardware
configuration. Table 8 summarises the required hardware.
Table 8 Hardware requirements for Integrated MSC Server
Cabinet type Special hardware requirements
IC209 (without forced ventilation) CP550-B CPU
MBIF-B Message Bus interfaces
Control LAN
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IC209-A (with forced ventilation) CP550-B or CP710-A CPU

MBIF-B Message Bus interfaces
Control LAN
8.4 XML File Format

Optional feature XML File Format is used to upgrade statistical information.
This feature requires a CP550-B or CP710-A in the OMU.
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9 Check your understanding

1. Explain the main functions of:
a. MSCi/VLR
b. HLRi/AC/EIR
2. List the FUs of the MSCi and the HLRi
3. What tasks does the MSCi/HLRi need to perform to fulfil the functions
you described in Question 1?
4. Choose three FUs and describe the make-up of each: its plug-in units, its
cartridge, cabinet(s), and interface(s) with the network.
5. Explain the three redundancy principles used with the Nokia switching
equipment.
6. Using the three FUs you chose in Question 4, explain the dimensional
capabilities of each.
7. Give an example of one functional unit, which is used in both the MSCi
and the HLRi, but its purpose, is different in the different network
elements.
8. Explain how the MSCi/HLRi interfaces with the NEMU and the HLR
Workstation.
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Glossary
10 Glossary
The following sections provide definitions for key words, phrases, and
acronyms used in this training document.
10.1 Definitions
Term Definition
Administration Centre A node of the TMN, which provides for PLMN
operator-specific requirements in the
administration and commercial areas.
Authentication Centre Network element of the PLMN, which contains
(Unit) subscriber-related information for identification
purposes.
Base Station Subsystem System consisting of several Base Stations (BS)
and one Base Station Controller (BSC),
representing the radio network in a specific
geographical area.
Billing Centre Operators system that does the post-processing
of the charging information.
Cartridge Tape Unit Tape unit where the storage medium is a tape.
Central Memory Place in which primary copies of memory files
are stored.
Circuit-Switched Data Data server that provides the interworking
Server functions (IWF) for a circuit switched data call
between a PLMN and fixed networks
Circuit Switching The switching of circuits for the exclusive use of
the connection for the duration of a call.
CS Core Network Telecommunications networking system that uses
an MSCi, SCP, and SMP.
D-channel ISDN channel used for signalling and other
message-based data transmission.
Equipment Identity Database of a mobile communication network
Register containing information about qualification
approved mobile stations and their states.
Exchange Terminal Exchange termination of the DX 200 system.
FU Entity of hardware and software, or only
hardware, capable of accomplishing a specific
purpose.
Home Location Register Register of a mobile network where all subscriber
parameters of a mobile subscriber are
permanently stored.
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Internet Protocol Network layer protocol in TCP/IP stack that

offers a connectionless inter-network service.
Interworking Function Network functional entity that provides
interworking (network interworking, service
interworking, supplementary service interworking
or signalling interworking). It may be a part of
one or more logical or physical entities in a GSM
PLMN.
Link Access Procedure Functions that ensure a reliable transparent data
transmission.
Local Area Network Data transmission network covering a small area
for example, a building or a group of buildings.
Man-Machine Interface Subsystem or function, which provides user
interface, functions in man-machine language.
Marker FU which controls and supervises the switching
matrix by performing hunting, connecting, and
release functions of the GSW, and in addition
provides voice announcements, frame supervision
for 2 Mbit/s circuits, and controls some test
functions.
Mc 3GPP architecture reference point for interface
between MSS and Multimedia Gateway
Mobile Switching Centre Mobile network element which performs the
switching functions in its area of operation and
controls the interfaces with other networks
MSC Server Server providing call control and control of
Multimedia Gateways, and allowing the same
circuit- switched services as the Mobile Services
Switching Centre (MSC)
Multimedia Gateway Network element that connects a 2G MSC to a
3G radio access network
Nb 3GPP architecture reference point for interface
between Multimedia Gateways controlled by
MSS
Network Management System for controlling and monitoring the
System resources of a telecommunications network and
recording their use and performance, in order to
provide telecommunications services.
Network Subsystem In NMS, a subsystem that is comprised of an
MSCi, an SCP, and an SMP.
Operation and All system functions by which administrators
Maintenance receive data on system operations and by which
they can affect them.
Peripheral Component Interconnection system between a microprocessor
Interconnect and attached devices in which expansion slots are
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Glossary
spaced closely for high-speed operation.

Pulse Code Modulation Process by which a signal is sampled, and
samples are quantified independently of each
other and converted by encoding to a digital
signal.
Service Control Function Application of service logic to control function
entities in providing intelligent network supported
services.
Service Control Point Physical entity in the telecommunications
network which implements a Service Control
Function (SCF) and has access to data and logic
for controlling the processing of a call in order to
provide a service.
Service Management Set of processes that support the management of
Function user and/or network information, including
service data and service logic programs that are
required for the proper operation of a service.
Service Management Physical entity that implements a Service
Point Management Function (SMF).
Small Computer System Device-independent interface, which is used to
Interface connect different peripheral devices, such as disk
drives, tape drives, and scanners, to computers.
Voice Announcement Device that produces a recorded voice message
Generator when the called mobile subscriber is busy.
Visitor Location Register Register of a mobile network where all subscriber
parameters for call set-up are stored as long as the
mobile subscriber is in a location area controlled
by this register.
10.2 Abbreviations
Abbreviation Term
ACU Authentication Centre Unit
ADC Administration Centre
AUC Authentication Centre
BC Billing Centre
BDCU Basic Data Communications Unit
BSS Base Station Subsystem
BSU Base Station Signalling Unit
CASU Channel Associated Signalling Unit
CCMU Common Channel Signalling Management Unit
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CDS Circuit-Switched Data Server

CDSU Compact Data Service Unit
CHU Charging Unit
CLAB Clock and Alarm Buffer
CLBU Clock and Alarm Buffer Unit
CLS Clock System
CLSU Clock System Unit
CM Central Memory
CMM Central Memory and Marker
CMU Cellular Management Unit
CS Circuit Switching
CTU Cartridge Tape Unit
DBDU Database Distributor Unit
DSCO Data Service Controller
DSMA Data Service Multiprotocol Adapter
ECET Echo Cancelling and Terminal
EIR Equipment Identity Register
EIRU Equipment Identity Register Unit
EMU Equipment Main Unit
ET Exchange Terminal
ETC Exchange Terminal Cabinet
FU Functional Unit
GSC General Signalling Cabinet
GSW Group Switch
GSWC Group Switch Cabinet
HDU Hard Disk Unit
HLGC Home Location Group Switch Cabinet
HLRi Home Location Register, i-series
HLRC Home Location Register Cabinet
HLRU Home Location Register Unit
HOSTEL Home Subscriber database
HWAT Hardware Alarm Terminal
IPC IP Trunk Cabinet
IPET Internet Protocol Exchange Terminal
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Glossary
IWF Interworking Function

LANU LAN switch unit
LAPD Link Access Procedure on the D-Channel
LASW LAN switches in IPETC-A
M Marker
MB Message Bus
MGW Multimedia Gateway
MBIF Message Bus Interface
MFSU Multifrequency Signalling Unit
MOMC Main Operation and Maintenance Cabinet
MSCi Mobile Switching Centre, i-series
MSS MSC Server
NMS Network Management System
NSS Network Subsystem
O&M Operation & Maintenance
OMU Operation and Maintenance Unit
PAU Primary Rate Access Unit
PCU Packet Control Unit
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PDFU Power Distribution Fuse Unit
PSC Power Supply for Cartridge
SCF Service Control Function
SCP Service Control Point
SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface
SERO Serial Interface
SMF Service Management Function
SMP Service Management Point
SSIF Synchronisation Signal Interface
STU Statistical Unit
SWCSM Switch Control and Switching Memory
SWSPS Switch Serial-Parallel-Serial Converter
TGSU Trunk Gateway Signalling Unit
TMN Telecommunications Management Network
VANG Voice Announcement Generator
VLR Visitor Location Register
6-65789 Nokia Oyj 115 (116)

Issue 5.0

VLRU Visitor Location Register Unit
116 (116) Nokia Oyj 6-65789

Issue 5.0

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DX200 MSC/HLR

Introduction to Circuit Switch Core Network

Nokia MSCi / HLRi Architecture

6-65789 Nokia Oyj 1 (116)

2 (116) Nokia Oyj 6-65789

3 Overview of 2G/3G network architecture and CS Core

5 MSCi design ....................................................................................... 22

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5.16.2 Centralised O&M LAN.......................................................................... 47

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7 MSS concept ...................................................................................... 94

8 I-series architecture: Differences between M11 and M12 ..............105

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9 Check your understanding.............................................................. 110

10 Glossary ........................................................................................... 111

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3 Overview of 2G/3G network architecture

3.1 Network Subsystem

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Figure 1 shows the network elements in a GSM / 3G network.

BSS and RAN subsystems CS Core Network domain

Figure 1 GSM / 3G network

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Figure 2 gives an overview of a GSM/3G network.

Network Subsystem (GSM + 3G)

Base RNC Radio

Figure 2 Overview of a GSM/UMTS network

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3.2 Integrated IP Trunk

MSC/VLR IPET IPET MSC/VLR

TDM for data/fax, handover and emergency calls

Figure 3 Overview of IP Trunk

3.3 Structural design

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3.3.1 Modular structure

3.3.2 Redundancy principles

In order to ensure optimal functionality of the network, even in the event of

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Figure 4 shows how the NEMU is connected to the network.

NEMU OMU OMU CHU BDCU-0 BDCU-1

NMS Router Router

Router Router BC ADC

Figure 4 NEMU network connections

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Figure 5 NEMU connections in the RNC

3.5 Chapter review

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Figure 6 illustrates the different cabinet types for the MSCi.

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MOMC CCC VLRC GSC IWC

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* This position accepts any of the signalling units

GSW x-0 ET4C 1

GSW x-3 ET4C ET4C IPETC

Figure 6 Cabinet types of the MSCi

The HLRi features the following cabinet types:

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Figure 7 illustrates the different cabinet types for the HLRi.

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CCSU EIRU CCSU EIRU CCSU EIRU CCSU EIRU