ANSI/ASAE EP455 DEC1990 (R2008)

Environmental Considerations in Development of Mobile

Agricultural Electrical/Electronic Components

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ANSI/ASAE EP455 DEC1990 (R2008)
Approved July 1991; reaffirmed February 2008 as an American National Standard
Environmental Considerations in Development of Mobile
Agricultural Electrical/Electronic Components
Developed by the ASAE Agricultural Equipment Automation Committee;
approved by the Power and Machinery Division Standards Committee;
adopted by ASAE December 1990; revised editorially March 1991, July
1991; approved as an American National Standard July 1991; reaffirmed
by ASAE December 1995, December 1997, December 1998, December
1999; reaffirmed by ANSI June 2000; reaffirmed by ASAE January 2001,
December 2001, February 2003; reaffirmed by ANSI February 2003;
reaffirmed by ASABE and ANSI February 2008.
Keywords: Electrical, Electronic, Test procedure
1 Purpose
1.1 This Engineering Practice provides an environmental guideline to aid
in the design of electrical/electronic components used on mobile
agricultural equipment (components implies both discrete devices and
assemblies). It also establishes methods for testing and evaluation of
these components.
2 Scope
2.1 This Engineering Practice limits the environmental considerations to
the natural climatic conditions and the equipment-induced conditions to
which the components may be exposed.
2.1.1 This Engineering Practice is applicable to components on
agricultural field equipment as defined in ASAE Standard S390,
Classifications and Definitions of Agricultural Equipment.
2.1.2 The severity of the environment is influenced by the location of the
components and the application for which those components are
intended. Accordingly, this document specifies several applicable levels
of severity and includes suggested application guidelines.
2.2 This Engineering Practice includes sections which may not be
applicable to all components in the electrical system, and, accordingly,
any such concerns must be addressed as exceptions for the specified
product.
2.3 Test methods recommended in this Engineering Practice are based
on measured or calculated conditions. These methods are used to
simulate environmental extremes to which the components are exposed.
They are suggested only as guidelines and should not be construed to
be guaranteed worst case exposure levels.
3 Application
3.1 Test cycle duration. The recommended methods describe cycles
for each type of test. The number of cycles over which the equipment
should be tested must be specified. The number of cycles will vary
depending upon equipment, location, function and the type of test being
conducted (qualification, reliability, etc.). To determine the number of test
cycles it is recommended that the product be evaluated in its actual
operating environment. While each test cycle is representative of an
actual short term environmental cycle, no attempt has been made to
equate the cycle with an acceleration factor for reliability or durability
projections. These considerations are beyond the scope of this guideline.
3.2 Itemization of environmental factors. A complete description of
environmental factors is detailed in Section 5Description of
Environmental Factors and Test Methods. Environmental factors are
listed in Table 1 with corresponding references.
ASABE STANDARDS 2008 ANSIASAE EP455 DEC1990 R2008
3.3 Concern for combined environmental factors. The agricultural
environment consists of many natural and induced factors which may be
present simultaneously. In some cases, the effect of a combination of
these factors is much more serious than the effect of exposing samples
to each environmental factor in series. For example, the suggested test
method for humidity includes both high and low temperature exposure.
This combined environmental test is very important to components
whose proper operation is dependent on seal integrity. Temperature and
vibration is a second combined environmental test that can be significant
to some components. During design analysis, a careful study should be
made to determine the possibility of design susceptibility to a
combination of environmental factors that could occur at the planned
mounting location. If the possibility of this type of susceptibility exists, a
combined environmental test should be considered.
3.4 Effects of test sequence. It is recommended that temperature cycle
testing be performed first in order to condition the sample mechanically,
and that electromagnetic interference, EMI, testing be performed last
since component susceptibility can be affected by prior exposure to other
conditions. All other applicable tests should be done progressively in
increasing order of severity. (Reference: Society of Automotive Engineers
Standard J1211 JUN78, Recommended Environmental Practices for
Electronic Equipment Design)
3.5 General guidelines
3.5.1 Test conditions. Unless otherwise specified, each test shall be
conducted under the following conditions:
Ambient temperature: 25 C10 C
Supply voltage: 14.0 V DC0.5 VDC
3.5.2 Unique items. The following items are unique for given products
and/or applications and must be defined for the specific product:
3.5.2.1 Impaired function. In general, impaired function implies either
impaired performance of the component or component physical
degradation.
3.5.2.2 Detrimental corrosion.
3.5.2.3 Applicable level of test, exception to test, or modification of test.
3.5.2.4 Chemical types used in chemical tests.
3.5.2.5 Cause for rejection.
3.5.2.6 Specific order of test sequence.
3.5.3 Accuracy. Test conditions accuracy shall be within the following
limits:
Temperature: 2 C
DC voltage: 1%
AC voltage: 2%
Field strength: 5%
Frequency: 1%
Time0 to 50 h: 1 h
Timeover 50 h: 5 h
Relative humidity: 5%
Pressure: 5%
Distance: 1%
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 Table 1 Itemization of environmental factors

Environmental factors Paragraph Reference Environmental factors Paragraph Reference

Temperature 5.1 Electrical transient

Operating temperature 5.1.1 SAE J1211, Section 4.1, conditions 5.11 SAE J1211, Section 4.11
Fig. 2A Accessory noise 5.11.1
Storage temperature 5.1.2 SAE J1211, Section 4.1.1.5 Alternator field decay 5.11.2
Thermal shock 5.1.3 SAE J1211, Section 4.1.1.5.3 Batteryless operation 5.11.3
Inductive load switching 5.11.4
Altitude 5.2 SAE J1211, Section 4.6 Load dump 5.11.5 SAE J1113
Operating 5.2.1 Mutual coupling 5.11.6
Storage 5.2.2
Electrostatic discharge 5.12 DOD HDBK 263
Dust 5.3 SAE J1211, Section 4.5 IEC Publication 348
SAE J726 Surface 5.12.1
Connectors 5.12.2
Solar radiation 5.4
Ultraviolet effects 5.4.1 MIL STD 810C, Humidity 5.13 SAE J1211, Section 4.2,
Method 505.1, Procedure I Fig. 3A
Readability 5.4.2 Exposure 5.13.1
Soak 5.13.2 MIL STD 202F, Method 103B
Immersion 5.5 SAE J1211, Section 4.4
Mechanical shock 5.14 SAE J1211, Section 4.8
Wash 5.6 SAE J1211, Section 4.4 Operational 5.14.1 MIL STD 202F, Method
213B, Test Condition J
Particle impact 5.7 SAE J1211, Section 4.5 Handling 5.14.2
SAE J400 Shipping 5.14.3

Chemicals 5.8 SAE J1211, Section 4.4 Mechanical vibration 5.15

Spray exposure 5.8.1 Random 5.15.1 MIL STD 202F, Method
Brush exposure 5.8.2 214-1, Test Condition A
Sinusoidal 5.15.2 MIL STD 202F, Method
Salt exposure 5.9 MIL STD 202F, Method 101D 201A, 204D
ANSI/ASTM B117-73 Resonance search 5.15.3 SAE J1211, Section 4.7

Electrical steady
state conditions 5.10 SAE J1211, Section 4.10 Electromagnetic
Operating voltage 5.10.1 compatibility 5.16 SAE J1113
Over-voltage 5.10.2 Susceptibility
Reverse polarity 5.10.3 (component level) 5.16.1
Short circuit protection 5.10.4 Open-field 5.16.2
Memory retention 5.10.5 Emissions 5.16.3 FCC Docket 20780,
Starting voltage 5.10.6 Part 15, Subpart J
Power-up operational SAE J551
requirements 5.10.7 50/60 Hz E
field susceptibility 5.16.4 NBSIR 77-1311

Combined environments 5.17

4 Deviations Level 1. T max 125 C

4.1 Conflicting requirements. In the event that a conflict exists T min 40 C
between this Engineering Practice and a legal requirement, the legal Level 2. T max 85 C
requirement shall take precedence and test results shall accordingly note
T min 40 C
the legal requirement was used.

Level 3. T max 70 C
5 Description of environmental factors and test T min 30 C
methods
5.1.1.2 Application guidelines
5.1 Temperature
5.1.1 Operating temperature. Monitor the component, for impaired
function, under the conditions indicated in Fig. 1 with maximum load Engine compartments: Level 1
conditions applied. Pressurized cabs: Level 2
5.1.1.1 Level of severity Windowless operator stations: Level 3

2 ANSIASAE EP455 DEC1990 R2008 ASABE STANDARDS 2008


Figure 1 ambient temperature, 24 h cycle
Seasonal applicationsDeserve special design considerations
5.1.2 Storage temperature. With the component not operating, subject
it to an ambient temperature transition from 25 C to T (min) at an
average rate of less than 0.5 C/min and from T (min) to T (max) at the
same rate. Allow the component to soak at each temperature extreme for
at least 4 h. Return to ambient (25 C), at an average rate of less than
0.5 C/min. Upon completion, test for impaired function.
5.1.2.1 Levels of severity
Level 1. T max 125 C
T min 55 C
Level 2. T max 85 C
T min 40 C
5.1.3 Thermal shock. With the component not operating, subject it to an
ambient thermal shock transition from 25 C to 40 C at the minimum
rate of 4 C/min and from 40 C to 70 C at the same rate. Hold the
component at each temperature extreme for 1 h. Return to ambient
(25 C) at the minimum rate of 4 C/min. Upon completion, test for
impaired function.
5.2 Altitude
5.2.1 Operating. Monitor the component at the operating extremes, for
impaired function after exposure to those specified extremes for 1 h.
Range: Sea level to an elevation of 3 658 m. (Atmospheric pressure of
101.3 kPa to 62.1 kPa)
5.2.2 Storage (Non-operating, i.e., shipping). Monitor the component
for impaired function after exposure to the extremes specified for 1 h.
Range: Sea level to an elevation of 12 192 m. (Atmospheric pressure of
101.3 kPa to 18.6 kPa)
NOTE:The low pressure condition is often accompanied by low
temperature conditions.
5.3 Dust (inorganic). Test the component in a dust chamber containing
the equivalent of air cleaner fine dust (particle size as defined by SAE
Standard J726 MAY81, Air Cleaner Test Code). Sufficient air movement
must be provided to maintain a minimum suspended concentration of
0.88 g/m3 with the component positioned in its normal mounting
orientation. Run the test for a minimum of 24 h. Upon completion, test for
impaired function at elevated humidity (see paragraph 5.13) and inspect
for dust leaks.
5.3.1 Levels of severity
Level 1. Dust inside the component and/or impaired function caused by
the presence of dust.
Level 2. Impaired function caused by the presence of dust.
5.3.2 Application guideline. Determine the level of severity, dependent
upon the component location and function.
5.4 Solar radiation
ASABE STANDARDS 2008 ANSIASAE EP455 DEC1990 R2008
5.4.1 Ultraviolet effects. Expose the component to 43 to 75 W/m2 of
ultraviolet radiation (280 to 400 nm wavelength) at a distance of 0.75 m
from the light source for 300 h. Inspect for degradation beyond a
previously specified limit or impaired function after exposure.
5.4.1.1 Application guideline. Consideration should be given to the
filtering effects of windshield glass on the specified UV frequency
spectrum.
5.4.2 Readability. Observe information displayed on component for
legibility at both the maximum and minimum operating ambient light
levels. Test for impaired readability beyond a predefined acceptance
level.
Level 1. Max108 000 1 x exposed location/sunny day)
Min0 1 x
Level 2. Max36 000 1 x shaded location)
Min0 1 x
5.4.2.2 Application guidelines
Non-cab installations: Level 1
Cab installations: Level 1 or 2
5.5 Immersion. Allow the component (with applicable cables connected)
to reach a stable operating temperature, then immerse it in tap water at
a temperature of 18 C5 C to a component top surface depth of 460
mm. Orient the component in each of 3 orthogonal planes for 5 min in
each plane. Upon removal, immediately subject the component to a cold
soak of 10 C in its normal mounting orientation for 30 min. Return the
component to a dry air (40% R.H.) atmosphere of 25 C for 60 min. Test
for impaired function.
Level 1. Test for impaired function during, as well as after, immersion and
conditioning.
Level 2. Test for impaired function after immersion and conditioning.
5.5.1 Applications guideline. All components which may experience
submersion during normal service life.
5.6 Wash. Expose the component, in its normal mounting orientation, to
the appropriate wash conditions specified. Check for impaired function
after exposure.
Level 1. 7000 kPa (pump pressure) and 15.9 L/min high pressure wash
with spray nozzle held a distance of 0.1 m from the component surfaces
for a total of 2 min. Use a detergent degreaser and a water temperature
of 60 C. Examine for presence of entrapped water which could
potentially impair operation.
Level 2. 375 kPa (pump pressure) and 8.3 L/min spray wash held a
distance of 0.1 m from component for 10 min. Use a water temperature
of 15 C.
5.6.1 Application guidelines
Outside cab-mounting locations: Level 1
Inside cab-mounting locations: Level 2
5.7 Particle impact. With the component mounted in its normal
configuration expose to 470 cm3 of 1.28 cm diameter gravel as specified
in SAE Standard J400 JUN90, Test for Chip Resistance of Surface
Coatings, delivered from a 35 cm distance, at a muzzle pressure of 500
kPa. This exposure shall occur 12 times. Test for impaired function after
final exposure.
5.7.1 Application guideline. All components located in lower exterior of
equipment, or other areas which may be exposed to impact.
5.8 Chemicals. Use either spray or brush, whichever is appropriate for
the product application. If more than one chemical is specified, each
chemical should be applied to a different component under test.
5.8.1 Spray exposure. The component shall be mounted in its normal
orientation. Subject the normally exposed surfaces of the component to
the specified chemical sprayed at low pressure not exceeding 375 kPa,
at an angle of 45 deg to the surface of the component, for 2 min each
day for a total of 5 days. Check for impaired function or detrimental
3
corrosion during the test and at the end of a 100 h minimal interval
following final exposure to test conditions.
5.8.2 Brush exposure. Apply the specified chemical solution with a
brush until evenly coated over the normally exposed surface area.
Repeat once per day for 3 days. Check for impaired function or
detrimental corrosion during the test and at the end of a 100 h minimal
interval following final exposure to test conditions.
5.9 Salt exposure. With the component mounted in its normal
orientation expose it for 48 h to an atomized fog made from a 5%
aqueous solution of NaCl with a temperature of 35 C and pH between
6.5 and 7.2.
Level 1. Check for evidence of salt inside the component, impaired
function, or excessive corrosion immediately after the test and at the end
of a 100 h minimal interval following the test.
Level 2. Check for impaired function immediately after the test and at the
end of a 100 h minimal interval following the test.
5.10 Electrical steady-state conditions
5.10.1 Operating voltage. Test component for impaired function while
operating over the specified voltage range.
Level 1. 9 VDC to 16 VDC
Level 2. 10.5 VDC to 16 VDC
5.10.2 Over-voltage
Level 1. Test component for impaired function during 5 min operation at
26 VDC.
Level 2. Test component after operating at 26 VDC for 5 min.
5.10.3 Reverse polarity. Test component for impaired function, following
the application of 26 VDC to its power source for a 5 min duration.
5.10.4 Short-circuit protection. Test component for impaired function
after shorting each external lead to system ground and to 16 VDC for 5
min with appropriate protection systems in place.
5.10.5 Memory retention
Level 1. The permanent data memory of the component shall withstand
total loss of power for 1 year with no memory loss.
Level 2. The permanent data memory of the component shall withstand
reduction of power to 5 VDC for 5 s at its power source with no memory
loss.
5.10.6 Starting voltage. Test component for impaired function when its
power source voltage is 5.3 VDC, having just previously ramped up from
0 VDC.
5.10.7 Power-up operational requirements. Test component for
impaired function as its power source voltage is ramped from 0 to
minimum operating level at the maximum rate of 1 V/ms.
5.11 Electrical transient conditions
5.11.1 Accessory noise. Test component for impaired function when a
voltage of 14 + 1.5 sin(2ft) is applied to its power source. Time is
denoted by t . Frequency, f, is to be swept logarithmically from 50 Hz to
10 kHz over a 5 min period. Source impedance is 1 ohm.
5.11.2 Alternator field decay. Test component for impaired function
after power line exposure to a transient of 90 e t /0.038 V having a
source impedance of 15 ohms. This test shall be repeated at a rate of 0.2
Hz for 60 test cycles. The test shall be initiated as + 14 VDC power is
disconnected.
5.11.2.1 Application guideline. The level of severity must be
determined and is dependent upon the component location and function.
5.11.3 Batteryless operation. Apply a voltage of 6+ 12.6 sin(2ft) to Apparatus (Electrostatic Discharge). The test probe shall approach the
the power source for the component. Frequency, f , is to be swept from
500 Hz to 1.5 kHz over a 5 min period. The source impedance should be
2.5 ohms.
Level 1. Test component throughout exposure for impaired function.
Level 2. Test component for impaired function following exposure.
4 ANSIASAE EP455 DEC1990 R2008
5.11.3.1 Application guideline. The level of severity must be
determined and is dependent upon the component location and function.
The appropriateness or validity of this condition, being somewhat
application dependent, should also be determined.
5.11.4 Inductive load switching. Apply 14 300e t /0.001 V with a
source impedance of 20 ohms to the power source of the component at
a 1.0 Hz rate for 300 test cycles.
Level 1. Test component for impaired function during exposure.
Level 2. Test component for impaired function following exposure.
5.11.4.1 Application guideline. Determine the level of severity,
dependent upon the component location and function. Determine the
frequency and duration (number of cycles) of this test based on the
specific application.
5.11.5 Load dump. Apply 14 106e t /0.188 V to the power source of
the component with a source impedance of 2.5 ohms and 1.54 mH at a
0.01 Hz for 5 test cycles.
Level 1. Check for impaired function during test.
Level 2. Check for impaired function after test.
5.11.5.1 Application guideline. Establish the severity of the particular
application based on specific alternator characteristics and component
locations. Values should, therefore, be altered accordingly.
5.11.6 Mutual coupling
5.11.6.1 Power source lines
6
Level 1. Superimpose [450e t / ( 1410 ) ]sin(2 106 t ) V to the power
source for the component at a 10 Hz rate for 10 cycles. The source
impedance should be 50 ohms. Check for impaired function during test.
6
Level 2. Apply 14 + 200e - t / ( 1410 ) V to the power source for the
component at a 1.0 Hz rate for 300 test cycles. The source impedance
should be 50 ohms. Check for impaired function after test.
6
5.11.6.2 Signal/input/output lines. Apply 200e t / ( 1410 ) V to non-
power source lines at a 1.0 Hz rate for 300 test cycles. Source
impedance should be 50 ohms. Check for impaired function following
test.
5.11.6.3 Application guideline. Determine the level of severity,
dependent upon the component location and function.
5.12 Electrostatic discharge
5.12.1 Surface. Subject the component surface in its normal mounting
configuration to a 25 kV electrostatic discharge for a total of 10 pulses,
5 of each polarity. The test probe shall have a diameter of 14 mm and a
length of 80 mm and shall conform to International Electrotechnical
Commission Publication 348, Safety Requirements for Electronic
Measuring Apparatus (Electrostatic Discharge). The test probe shall
approach the component at a rate of 0.1 m/s until a discharge occurs.
Test points shall be specified. The test set-up shall be as shown in Fig.
2.
Level 1. Check for impaired function during test.
Level 2. Substitute a peak voltage of 15 kV in the test described in
paragraph 5.12.1. Check for impaired function after test.
5.12.1.1 Application guideline. Determine the level of severity,
dependent upon the component location and function.
5.12.2 Connectors. Subject the connector of the component, while it is
disconnected from its wiring harness, to a 25 kV electrostatic discharge
for a total of 10 pulses, 5 of each polarity. The test probe shall have a
diameter of 14 mm and a length of 80 mm and shall conform to IEC
Publication 348, Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring
connector at a rate of 0.1 m/s until the discharge occurs. Test points shall
be specified. The test set-up shall be as shown in Fig. 2.
Level 1. Check for impaired function after test.
Level 2. Substitute a peak voltage of 15 kV for the voltage specified in
the test described in paragraph 5.12.2. Check for impaired function after
test.
ASABE STANDARDS 2008
 Figure 2 Electrostatic discharge test set-up

5.12.2.1 Application guideline. Determine the level of severity,

dependent upon the component location and function.
5.13 Humidity
5.13.1 Exposure
Level 1. Subject component to the cycle in Fig. 3 for a minimum of 48 h.
Check for impaired function during this cycle with vapor pressure
controlled to prevent condensation.
5.13.2 Soak. Soak the operating component in 96% relative humidity at
38 C for a minimum of 240 h. Check for impaired function following the
soak.
5.14 Mechanical shock. Check for impaired function, loose parts, or
visible cracks upon completion of the following tests.
5.14.1 Operational. The component shall withstand a single 11 ms half-
sine pulse of 490 m/s2 in 3 mutually perpendicular axes using the
components normal mounting configuration as one reference plane.
5.14.2 Handling
5.14.2.1 Installation. Support component and the far end of the harness
at the same elevation, then release the component, allowing it to free-fall
without striking any objects, while still holding the far end of the harness.
This procedure shall be repeated 10 times. Evaluate component for
excessive stress to or failure of connectors, terminals, crimp points, strain
relief, etc. (Reference: SAE Standard J1211 JUN78, Recommended
Environmental Practices for Electronic Equipment Design)
5.14.2.2 Bench
Level 1. Drop the component a distance of 400 mm onto a hardwood
bench top at least 40 mm thick, repeat on all practical edges and faces.
Level 2. Place the component on a hardwood bench top at least 40 mm
thick. Using one edge as a pivot, lift the opposite edge of the component
45 deg and drop. Repeat this test, dropping the component once on all
practical edges and faces.
5.14.3 Shipping. The component in its shipping container shall be
dropped 1200 mm onto a 50 mm thick plywood surface backed by
concrete or a rigid steel frame.
5.15 Mechanical vibration. Because vibration parameters are highly
application dependent, application data should be used to determine the
operating and test specification. In lieu of this data, levels currently used
in ag-industry applications are provided. A combination of resonant
search test and one of the other methods detailed herein is
recommended. Monitor the functional performance of the component
under the specified vibration. The vibration level should be measured and
controlled at fixturing, near the component. Check for impaired function
during test and loose parts or fatigue cracks upon completion of test.
5.15.1 Random. Mount the component in its normal mounting
configuration. Vibrate for a minimum of 2 h in each of 3 orthogonal axes
at 52.4 m/s2 RMS overall acceleration and power spectral density of
2 m2/s3 from 50 Hz to 2000 Hz. Spectral density curve shall conform to
profile illustrated in Fig. 4.
5.15.2 Sinusoidal
Level 1. A logarithmic sweep from 10 Hz to 2000 Hz to 10 Hz over a
period of 20 min shall be performed for a minimum of 4 h in each of 3
orthogonal axes. The amplitude shall be a constant displacement of 1.5
mm peak to peak from 10 Hz to 40 Hz and at a constant acceleration of
35 m/s2 RMS from 40 Hz to 2000 Hz.
Figure 3 Humidity test, 24 h cycle
Level 2. Controlled displacement shall be 0.54 mm RMS with a
logarithmic sweep from 10 Hz to 55 Hz to 10 Hz at a rate of 2 min/sweep
for a minimum of 2 h in each of 3 mutually perpendicular axes.
5.15.3 Resonance search. Component is to be mounted in each of 3
mutually perpendicular axes. A low mass resonance detecting
accelerometer shall be mounted on component in the same plane as the
vibration exciter travel. A control accelerometer shall be mounted on the
vibration fixturing near the component and in the same plane as the
vibration exciter travel.
Sweep range: 10 Hz to 2000 Hz at the rate of 1 octave/min Acceleration:
39 m/s2 throughout sweep
Amplification factor constituting a resonance point: Q 5
Dwell time at resonance points: 5 min
5.16 Electromagnetic compatibility, EMC
5.16.1 Susceptibility (component level). Components shall be
positioned and connected as close as possible to their product
application. The component shall be tested at no less than 6 frequencies
per octave. If the component is found to have a resonant frequency (i.e.,
a point where susceptibility increases sharply), a test shall also be
performed about that frequency. The applicable ranges are 14 kHz to 1
GHz for vertical polarization and 30 MHz to 1 GHz for horizontal
polarization. Check for impaired function during these tests.
Modulation type:
Continuous Wave, CW-14 kHz to 1 GHz CW
Level 1. Use a field strength of 100 V/m in the frequency range from 14
kHz to 1 GHz.
Level 2. Use a field strength of 20 V/m in the frequency range from 14
kHz to 1 GHz, except 50 V/m in the following ranges:
Frequency range MHz
24 to 51
148 to 175
445 to 517
798 to 875
5.16.1.1 Application guideline
EMC Level 1 conformance should normally provide electromagnetic
interruption-free performance for electronic systems used in agricultural
applications worldwide.

ASABE STANDARDS 2008 ANSIASAE EP455 DEC1990 R2008 5

 Figure 4 Random vibration
EMC Level 2 conformance may possibly result in infrequent interruption
of intended performance. Consider the effects of amplitude modulation,
pulse modulation, and transmitter keying of the continuous wave on
component susceptibility levels.
5.16.2 Open-field test. Components shall be positioned on the mobile
equipment for which it was designed in its intended mounting
configuration. The antenna shall be positioned as follows:
Antennas radiating element to be in a plane perpendicular to the line of
travel of the vehicle in which the component is mounted.
Antennas radiating element to be in a plane parallel to the line of travel
of the vehicle in which the component is mounted.
Check for impaired function while using field strengths for open-field
testing the same as that listed in paragraph 5.16.1, Levels 1 or 2. Create
the specified field strength uniformly in a 3-dimensional empty open
space of sufficient size to enclose the vehicle. Move the vehicle into this
predefined space and test for susceptibility.
5.16.3 Emissions. Acceptable levels of radio frequency emissions are
Figure 5 Narrowband conducted emission limits
6 ANSIASAE EP455 DEC1990 R2008
regulated by the systems involved. Applicability of the appropriate
sections or subsections which follow must be determined.
5.16.3.1 Electronic systems which include electronic controls and
monitoring systems. Narrowband conducted emission limits,
normalized to 1 MHz bandwidth, BW, for the power supply and control
leads are specified in Fig. 5. Narrowband radiated emission limits,
normalized to 1 MHz BW, are specified in Fig. 6. Emissions test criteria
are given in Table 2.
For the following defined signal types, the power bandwidths and
correction factors are to be used:
Random noise signals: A signal is defined as having RMS voltage
proportional to the square root of BW change.
Impulsive signals: A signal is defined as having an RMS voltage
proportional to the corresponding BW change.
Narrowband or CW EMI: A signal is defined as having no change in
signal amplitude with a change in BW.
For a signal type identified as either random or impulsive EMI, the proper
Figure 6 narrowband radiated emission limits
ASABE STANDARDS 2008
 Table 2 Emissions test criteria

Tuned receiver, Spectrum

RCVR, (6 dB BW) analyzer (3 dB BW)
Frequency Narrowband Broadband Narrowband Broadband

14 kHz400 kHz 1 kHz 50 kHz 300 kHz 3 kHz

400 kHz30 MHz 10 kHz 50 kHz 3 kHz 30 kHz
30 kHz1000 MHz 100 kHz 1 MHz 100 kHz 300 kHz

BW correction factor shall be added to the measured signal strength

value in dB. This normalizes the measured data according to its BW
relationship.
Figure 8 Broadband radiated emission limits @ 1 m
For impulsive EMI:

BW factor20 Log (1 MHz/impulsive RCVR EMI BW)
or
BW factor20 Log (1 MHz/1.6 RCVR 3dB BW)
For random EMI:
BW factor 10 Log(1 MHz/RCVR noise BW)
[not necessarily the RCVR 3dB BW]
Allowable bandwidths are listed in Table 2.
5.16.3.2 Electrical systems which include blower motors, fuel
pumps, and electrical driven accessories. Broadband conducted
emission limits, normalized to 1 MHz BW, for the power supply and
control leads are specified in Fig. 7. Broadband radiated emission limits,
normalized to 1 MHz BW, are specified in Fig. 8. Emissions test criteria
are given in Table 2.
5.16.3.3 Engines employing spark-gap ignitions. This is for the
engine regardless of any other electrical or electronic systems involved.
Limits are specified in SAE Standard J551 JUN79, Limits and Methods of
Measurement of Radio Interference Characteristics of Vehicles and
Devices (201000 MHZ).
5.16.3.4 Entire vehicle with all electrical and electronic systems
installed. Limits are specified in Federal Communications Commission
Part 15, Subpart J, Volume II, FCC Rules and Regulations, Class A
Levels, and in SAE Standard J551 JUN79, Limits and Methods of
Measurement of Radio Interference Characteristics of Vehicles and
Devices (201000 MHZ).
5.16.4 50/60 Hz E field susceptibility. Components must be
positioned and connected similarly to the product application in which
they occur. Subject the component to a 50/60 Hz electromagnetic field
with a field strength of 30 kV/m. The field may be simulated within a
parallel plate structure where the voltage applied to the plates is
balanced. The recommended method of obtaining this field is with the
use of a ground center-tapped transformer. This provides voltages on the
plates equal in magnitude but 180 deg out of phase. The field strength
is measured in V/m and can be determined with the following equation:
Field strength=E/D
where
Evoltage measured across the plates
Dplate separation in meters
The device under test must not exceed 25% of the total plate separation
distance. The width of the parallel plates shall be no less than twice the
plate separation distance and of adequate length to test the device.
Component should be located equidistant between plates and supported
by material of a high dielectric characteristic. The entire parallel plate
structure must have a minimum spacing of 2 m from such structures as
walls or ground planes. Check for impaired function during test.
5.17 Combined environments. Conduct a combined environmental test
consisting of temperature, humidity, power, and vibration as per Fig. 9
and Table 3 for a minimum duration of 400 h. This test should be
conducted on components not previously exposed to environmental
factors described in paragraphs 5.15.16. Component shall be mounted
at a 45 deg angle in the Y-Z plane and also at a 45 deg angle in relation
to the mounting plane surface. Check for impaired function during test as
well as upon completion of test.

Figure 7 Broadband conducted emission limits Figure 9 Combined testing, 24 h cycle

ASABE STANDARDS 2008 ANSIASAE EP455 DEC1990 R2008 7

 Table 3 Combined testing random frequency vibration spectrum cabs manufactured during the 1980s. Since values may vary for each
specific application, the appropriateness of vibration spectrum should be
1/3 Octave Center Peak levels Equivalent confirmed.
band frequency M/S2 RMS PSD M2/S3 Cited Standards:

13 20.0 21.9 1.04 ASAE S390, Classifications and Definitions of Agricultural Equipment
14 25.0 2.46 1.04 SAE J400 JUN90, Test for Chip Resistance of Surface Coatings
15 31.5 2.76 1.04 SAE J551 JUN79, Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Inter-
16 40.0 2.60 0.741 ference Characteristics of Vehicles and Devices (201000 MHZ)
17 50.0 1.55 0.212 SAE J726 MAY81, Air Cleaner Test Code
18 63.3 1.46 0.212
References:
19 80.0 1.38 0.106
20 100.0 1.38 83.2103
1. ANSI/ASTM B117-73 MAR73. Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing. ASTM,
21 125.0 1.38 66 103 Philadelphia, PA
22 160.0 1.23 41.1103 2. DOD Handbook 263 MAY80. Electrostatic Discharge Control Handbook for
23 200.0 1.10 26.1103 Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies, and Equipment
24 250.0 1.23 26.2103 (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices). Department of Defense,
Washington DC
25 315.0 1.23 20.8103
3. FCC Docket 20780. FCC Rules and Regulations. Federal Communications
26 400.0 1.10 13.1103 Commission, Washington DC
27 500.0 0.87 6.55103 4. IEC Publication 348. Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus
28 630.0 0.69 3.32103 (Electrostatic Discharge). International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva,
29 800.0 0.69 3.32103 Switzerland
5. MIL STD 202F APR80. Test Methods for Electronic and Electrical Component
30 1000.0 0.65 1.84103 Parts. Military Standard, Philadelphia, PA
31 1250.0 0.62 1.33103 6. MIL STD 810C APR81. Environmental Test Methods. Military Standard, Phila-
32 1600.0 0.44 519106 delphia, PA
33 2000.0 0.39 337106 7. NBSIR 77-1311. 60 HZ E Field Measurements. National Bureau of Stan-
Overall average M/S2 RMS=6.73 dards, Washington, DC
8. SAE J1113 JUN78. Electromagnetic Susceptibility Procedure for Vehicle
Components (Except Aircraft). Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale,
PA
9. SAE J1211 JUN78. Recommended Environmental Practices for Electronic
Equipment Design. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA

5.17.1 Application guideline. Values listed in Table 3 represent

measurement levels encountered on the instrument panels of tractor

8 ANSIASAE EP455 DEC1990 R2008 ASABE STANDARDS 2008