Answers to Biology for IGCSE Chapter 1

Chapter 1 Summary Questions page 16.

(Suggested marks are given in square brackets)

1 excretion
removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism
(chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of
requirements

growth
a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size
or both

movement
an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or
place

nutrition
the taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions, containing
raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating
them

reproduction
the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

respiration
the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release
energy

sensitivity
the ability to detect or sense changes in the environment (stimuli) and to make
responses

1 mark each [7]

2 The first name (Homo) is the name for the genus

the second name (sapiens) is the trivial name [2]

3 meerkat Suricata suricatta

malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum
American crocodile Crocodylus acutus
maize Zea mays
Monarch butterfly Danaus plexihippus

1 mark each [5]

4 annelids soft body; segmented body; bristles; paddle-like extensions (on some)

arthropods segmented body; exoskeleton; jointed legs

molluscs soft body; not segmented; muscular foot; shell (in/on some)
 nematodes soft body; thread-like body; body tapers at either end ; no legs; not
segmented

at least 2 features for each group. 1 mark for each group [4]

5 arachnids body divided into two regions; four pairs of legs; no wings; no antennae;
several pairs of simple eyes; spinnerets

crustaceans body divided into two regions; two pairs of antennae; compound eyes;
gills; 5-20 pairs of legs

insects body divided into three regions; three pairs of legs; two pairs of wings; one pair
of antennae; spiracles (for breathing)

myriapods long bodies; many segments; body not divided into regions

at least 2 features for each group. 1 mark for each group [4]

6
class of vertebrate examples of external features of each class
Fish scaly skin; fins; gills; lateral line; nostrils
Amphibia moist skin; skin not scaly; two pairs of limbs;
larvae have gills; nostrils
Reptiles dry skin; scaly skin; two pairs of limbs;
nostrils
Birds scaly skin on feet/legs; feathers; one pair of
legs; one pair of wings; beak; nostrils
Mammals hair/fur; mammary glands; two pairs of limbs;
nostrils

1 mark for each class [5]

1 mark for each external feature to max of 3 for each class [15]

7
feature monocotyledon dicotyledon
cotyledons one two
flower parts in threes in fours or in fives
veins in leaves (in many) parallel branching
shape of leaves (in many) narrow wide

1 mark for each difference to a max of 3 [3]

8 dichotomous means divided into two [1]

9 viruses DNA/RNA/genetic material; protein coat; not cellular

bacteria cellular; no nucleus; cell walls; some have capsules; some have flagella;
can make spores

fungi mycelium; made of hyphae; hyphae (or cells in yeasts) have nuclei; produce
spores

1 mark for each feature to max 2 for each group [6]

10 viruses enter cells; viruses are reproduced by cells

bacteria divide rapidly when in suitable conditions; spores are produced to survive
harsh conditions

fungi hyphae grow over/into food; release enzymes into food; spores are carried by
wind to suitable source of food

2 marks for each feature to max 2 for each group [6]

Chapter 1 Exam-Style Questions page 16-17

Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

1 D
2 A
3 B
4 D

Short Answer Questions

5 (a)

organism phylum class

A Arthropoda Myriapoda
B Arthropoda Crustacea
C Arthropoda Myriapoda
D Arthropoda Insecta
E Arthropoda Arachnida

1 mark for identifying them all as arthropods, 1 mark for each correct class [6]

(b) all the organisms have an exoskeleton, jointed limbs and are segmented [3]

organism class examples of reasons for

identification
A Myriapoda many segments / many legs
B Crustacea between 5 20 pairs of legs /
body divided into two regions
C Myriapoda many segments / many legs
D Insecta one pair of wings / three pairs of
legs
E Arachnida four pairs of legs / body divided
into two regions

1 mark for each correct reason [5]

6
feature annelids nematodes arthropods molluscs
segmented body
jointed limbs
 exoskeleton
internal or
external shell

1 mark for each column to max 4 [4]

7 (a) vertebrate is animal with a, vertebral column / backbone; [1]

(b)three external features:

skin; one pair of eyes; two pairs of legs; mouth and anus; [3]

(c) fur/hair; mammary glands [2]

(d) a pair of eyes; nostrils [2]

8 (a)(i) A and B are dicotyledons; C is a monocotyledon;

(ii) A and B have branching / network of, veins; B has a main vein; C has parallel
veins; A and B have broad leaves; C has narrow leaves; [5]

(b) A is divided into leaflets; B has toothed edge; A and B have branching veins; C has
parallel veins; A and B have a leaf stalk (petiole); C is a narrow leaf; [5]

9 (a) Smutsia is the genus; S. gigantea is the species; (gigantea is the trivial name and
should not be used to denote the species) [2]

(b) tail; eyes; two pairs of limbs; [3]

(c) The pangolin has hair which is a mammalian feature; the females have mammary
glands; give birth to live young / internal development; [3]

(d)

feature viruses bacteria fungi

have nuclei

can make
capsules
produce spores

have hyphae

1 mark for each row to max 4 [4]

(e)(i) feeding hyphae grow in/on food; secrete enzymes; to digest food;
dispersal vertical hyphae produce spores; spore-case (sporangium) bursts to
release spores; spores are carried in the wind (to new sources of food); [5]

(ii) bacterium produces spores; which have a protective covering; [2]

(iii) virus enters cell; DNA/RNA has instructions for making new viruses; virus takes
over cell; directs cell to make new viruses; [3]