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1 (a) transpiration - evaporation of water at the surfaces of the mesophyll cells followed by
loss of water vapour from plant leaves, through the stomata [1]
(b) translocation - movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem from regions of
production to regions of, storage / use in respiration or growth [1]
2 (soil) root hair; cortex (of root); xylem in root; (xylem in) stem; (xylem in) leaf;
mesophyll; air space; stoma (atmosphere) [5]
3 water evaporates; from cell wall of mesophyll cells; air inside leaf is saturated; water
vapour diffuses down concentration gradient; through stoma (into atmosphere) [4]
(b) increase (increase in rate of, evaporation / diffusion of water vapour) [1]
(c) decrease (decrease in concentration gradient for water vapour as air outside leaf is
more saturated when the humidity increases) [1]
5 stomata are, open during the day / closed at night; stomata are open to allow carbon
dioxide to diffuse in; closed at night to reduce water loss; NOT prevent
carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis; photosynthesis only occurs
during the day when there is light [4]
6 water loss in transpiration is greater than water gain from the soil; cells lose water;
become less turgid; cells do not give support; leaves droop; stem may not be upright
[3]
8 (a) air movement; temperature; light intensity / day and night [3]
9 long and thin; large surface area; cell membranes with carrier proteins; for ion uptake
by active transport; partially permeable membrane; for absorption of water by
osmosis; thin cell wall; short diffusion distance; cell sap with a high concentration of
solutes; creates low water potential (for absorption of water by osmosis) [4]
10 atmosphere has low water potential; there is a water potential gradient from xylem in
root to the atmosphere; evaporation of water from mesophyll; causes water
molecules to be pulled up the xylem / transpiration pull; cohesion between water
molecules; adhesion between water molecules and wall of xylem vessel [4]
11 source place where a substance starts its journey in plant transport tissue;
sink place where a substance ends its journey in plant transport tissue [2]
further information
some plant tissues can be a sink and a source at different stages in the growth of a plant
1 C
2 B
3 B
4 C
5 (a) xylem and phloem shaded differently. 1 mark for shading the two tissues correctly in
each transverse section, A, B and C [3]
(b)
[6]
(c) cut the stem; put stem into beaker containing water with a dye (e.g. food colouring);
leave for long enough for coloured dye to reach all the leaves; cut sections through
the stem and a leaf; compare with sections of another stem and another leaf stained
to show the xylem / prepared microscope slides of a stem and leaf [3]
(b) water from xylem; moves into mesophyll cell; enters cell wall; evaporates; to form
water vapour; diffuses through stoma; [5]
(c) light intensity changes; stomata open wider during the day; carbon dioxide diffuses in
(for photosynthesis); stomata close at night; to reduce water loss; NOT prevent water
loss [3]
7 (a)
use of figures for water absorption and/or water loss to support description;
each figure must include time and rate with units [4]
(d) water evaporates from mesophyll cells; cell walls (of mesophyll cells); water vapour
diffuses (out of the leaf) through the stomata; loss of water drags more water through
the leaf; cohesion between water molecules; chain of water molecules drawn up from
cut end of stem; transpiration pull; [4]