Proportioning Concrete Mix Design

Technological University of the Philippines
College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
TE 41
Technical Elective 1
Assignment #3
Castillo, Ervin James C.
13-205-086
January 18, 2017
Dr. Melito A. Baccay
Instructor
PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE
ACI 211-1 (STANDARD PRACTICE FOR SELECTING PROPORTIONS FOR
NORMAL, HEAVYWEIGHT, AND MASS CONCRETE)
Scope
This Standard Practice describes methods for selecting proportions for
hydraulic cement concrete made with and without other cementitious
materials and chemical admixtures. This concrete consists of normal and/or
high density aggregates (as distinguished from lightweight aggregates) with
workability suitable for usual cast-in-place construction (as distinguished
from special mixtures for concrete products manufacture). Also included is a
description of methods used for selecting proportions for mass concrete.
Hydraulic cements referred to in this Standard Practice are portland cement
and blended cement.
The Standard does not include proportioning with condensed silica
fume. The methods provide a first approximation of proportions intended to
be checked by trial batches in the laboratory or field and adjusted, as
necessary, to produce the desired characteristics of the concrete.
Background Data
To the extent possible, selection of concrete proportions should be
based on test data or experience with the materials actually to be used.
Where such background is limited or not available, estimates given in this
recommended practice may be employed.
The following information for available materials will be useful:

Sieve analyses of fine and coarse aggregates
Unit weight of coarse aggregate
Bulk specific gravities and absorptions of aggregates
Mixing-water requirements of concrete developed from experience with
available aggregates
Relationships between strength and water-cement ratio or ratio of
water-to-cement plus other cementitious materials, for available
combinations of cements, other cementitious materials if considered,
and aggregates
Specific gravities of portland cement and other cementitious materials,
if used
Optimum combination of coarse aggregates to meet the maximum
density grading for mass concrete
Procedure
The procedure for selection of mix proportions given in this section is
applicable to normal weight concrete. Although the same basic data and
procedures can be used in proportioning heavyweight and mass concretes,
additional information and sample computations for these types of concrete
are given.
1. Choice of slump. If slump is

not specified, a value
appropriate for the work can be
selected from Table 6.3.1. The
slump ranges shown apply
when vibration is used to
consolidate the concrete. Mixes
of the stiffest consistency that
can be placed efficiently should
be used.
2. Choice of maximum size of aggregate. Large nominal maximum sizes

of well graded aggregates have less voids than smaller sizes. Hence,
concretes with the larger-sized aggregates require less mortar per unit
volume of concrete.
3. Estimation of mixing water and air content. The quantity of water
per unit volume of concrete required to produce a given slump is dependent
on: the nominal maximum size, particle shape, and grading of the
aggregates; the concrete temperature; the amount of entrained air; and use
of chemical admixtures.
4. Selection of water-cement or water cementitious materials ratio.
The required w/c is determined not only by strength requirements but also by
factors such as durability. Since different aggregates, cements, and
cementitious materials generally produce different strengths at the same
w/c, it is highly desirable to have or to develop the relationship between
strength and w/c for the materials actually to be used.
5. Calculation of cement content. The amount of cement per unit volume
of concrete is fixed by the determinations made in Steps 3 and 4 above. The
required cement is equal to the estimated mixing-water content (Step 3)
divided by the water-cement ratio (Step 4).
6. Estimation of coarse aggregate content. Aggregates of essentially
the same nominal maximum size and grading will produce concrete of
satisfactory workability when a given volume of coarse aggregate, on an
oven-dry rodded basis, is used per unit volume of concrete.
7. Estimation of fine aggregate content. At completion of Step 6, all
ingredients of the concrete have been estimated except the fine aggregate.
Its quantity is determined by difference. Either of two procedures may be
employed: the weight method or the absolute volume method.
8. Adjustments for aggregate moisture. The aggregate quantities
actually to be weighed out for the concrete must allow for moisture in the
aggregates. Generally, the aggregates will be moist and their dry weights
should be increased by the percentage of water they contain, both absorbed
and surface.
9. Trial batch adjustments. The calculated mixture proportions should be
checked by means of trial batches prepared and tested in accordance with
ASTM C 192 or full-sized field batches.
ACI 211.2-98 (STANDARD PRACTICE FOR SELECTING PROPORTIONS

FOR STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE)
Purpose
The purpose of this standard is to provide generally applicable
methods for selecting and adjusting mixture proportions for structural
lightweight concrete. These methods are also applicable to concretes
containing a combination of lightweight and normal weight aggregate.
Factors affecting proportioning of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

Aggregates (Absorption and Moisture Content)
Aggregates (Gradation)
Water-Cement Ratio
Air-entrainment
Estimating first trial mix proportions

The best approach to making a first trial mixture of lightweight
concrete, which has given properties and uses a particular aggregate from a
lightweight aggregate source, is to use proportions previously established for
a similar concrete using aggregate from the same aggregate source.
Trial mixtures can be proportioned by either:
1. Method 1 (weight method, specific gravity pycnometer) - Lightweight
coarse aggregate and normal weight fine aggregate or,
2. Method 2 (volumetric method) - All lightweight and combinations of
lightweight and normal weight aggregates.
Adjusting mixture proportions
In proportioning normal weight concrete, the volume displaced or
absolute volume occupied by each ingredient of the mixture is calculated as
the weight in lb of that ingredient divided by the product of 62.4 lb/ft3 and
the specific gravity of that ingredient. Total volume of the mixture is the sum
of the displaced or absolute volume of each ingredient thus calculated plus
the volume of entrained and entrapped air determined by direct test.
Calculation of the absolute volume of cement, based on dry weight of
cement in the mixture, and calculation of air as the percentage of air
determined by test multiplied by total volume, are the same for both
lightweight concrete and normal weight concrete mixtures. The volume
displaced by normal weight aggregates is calculated on the basis of the
saturated surface dry weights of aggregates and the bulk specific gravities.
ACI 211.3R-2 (GUIDE FOR SELECTING PROPORTIONS FOR NO-SLUMP

CONCRETE)
Scope and Limits

ACI 211.1 provides methods for proportioning concrete with slumps
greater than 25 mm. This guide is an extension of ACI 211.1 and addresses
the proportioning of concrete having slump in the range of zero to 25 mm (1
in.). The paired values stated in inch-pound and SI units are the results of
conversions that reflect the intended degree of accuracy. Each system is
used independently of the other in the examples. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with this guide
Preliminary Considerations
The general comments contained in ACI 211.1 are pertinent to the
procedures discussed in this guide. The description of the constituent
materials of concrete, the differences in proportioning the ingredients and
the need for knowledge of the physical properties of the aggregate and
cementitious materials apply equally to this guide.
Selecting Proportions
Cementitious materials include the combined mass of cement, natural
pozzolans, fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and silica fume that
are used in the mixture.
As recommended in ACI 211.1, concrete should be placed using the
minimum quantity of mixing water consistent with mixing, placing,
consolidating, and finishing requirements because this will have a favorable
influence on strength, durability, and other physical properties. The major
considerations in selecting proportions apply equally well to no-slump
concretes as to the more plastic mixtures.
These considerations are:
Adequate durability in accordance with ACI 201.2R to satisfactorily
withstand the weather and other destructive agents to which it may be
exposed
Strength required to withstand the design loads with the required
margin of safety
The largest maximum-size aggregate consistent with economic
availability, satisfactory placement, and concrete strength
The stiffest consistency that can be efficiently consolidated
Member geometry
Proportioning Computations (SI Units)

Computation of proportions will be explained by one example. The
following criteria are assumed:
The cement specific gravity is 3.15
Coarse and fine aggregates in each case are of satisfactory quality and
are graded within limits of generally accepted specifications such as
ASTM C 33 and C 331
The coarse aggregate has a specific gravity, bulk oven dry, of 2.68,
and an absorption of 0.5%
The fine aggregate has a specific gravity, bulk oven dry, of 2.64, an
absorption of 0.7%, and fineness modulus of 2.80
PROPERTIES OF FRESH CONCRETE

Concrete remains in its fresh state from the time it is mixed until it
sets. During this time the concrete is handled, transported, placed and
compacted. Properties of concrete in its fresh state are very important
because the influence the quality of the hardened concrete.
Significance
The first 48 hours are very important for the performance of the
concrete structure. It controls the long-term behavior, influence ultimate
strength, elastic modulus, creep and durability.
Properties of Fresh Concrete
The fresh concrete has the following procedure:
1. CONSISTENCY - Consistency of a concrete mix is a measure of the

stiffness or sloppiness or fluidity of the mix. For effective handling, placing
and compacting the concrete, consistency must be the same for each batch.
It is therefore necessary to measure consistency of concrete at regular
intervals. Slump test is commonly used to measure consistency of concrete.
2. WORKABILITY - The workability of a concrete mix is the relative ease

with which concrete can be placed, compacted and finished without
separation or segregation of the individual materials.
Workability is not the same thing as consistency. Mixes with the same
consistency can have different workabilities, if they are made with different
sizes of stone the smaller the stone the more workable the concrete.
It is not possible to measure workability but the slump test, together
with an assessment of properties like stone content, cohesiveness and
plasticity, gives a useful indication.
3. SETTLEMENT AND BLEEDING - Cement and aggregate particles have

densities about three times that of water. In fresh concrete they
consequently tend to settle and displace mixing water which migrates
upward and may collect on the top surface of the concrete. This upward
movement of mixing water is known as bleeding; water that separates from
the rest of the concrete is called bleed water.
4. PLASTIC SHRINKAGE - If water is removed from the compacted concrete

before it sets, the volume of the concrete is reduced by the amount of water
removed. This volume reduction is called plastic shrinkage.
Water may be removed from the plastic concrete by evaporation or by
being absorbed by dry surfaces such as soil or old concrete or by the dry
wooden form work.
5. SLUMP LOSS - From the time of mixing, fresh concrete gradually loses
consistency. This gives rise to the problems only if the concrete becomes too
stiff to handle, place and compact properly.
Slump loss in concrete is caused due to the following reasons:

Hydration of cement (generating more heat)
Loss of water by evaporation
Absorption of water by dry aggregates
Absroption of water by surfaces in contact with the concrete
6. SEGREGATION - The separation of the concrete ingredients is called

segregation. In segregation, concrete ingredients are divided and rearranged
by order of density. The heaviest aggregates go down to the bottom while
the mortar goes up to the surface. This can be due to excessive vibration,
carriage and falls from greater height, etc. In good concrete, all ingredients
are properly distributed to make a homogeneous mixture.
Segregation can occur:

- Inside the concrete mixer for too long
- During the transport for shaking
- During the placing for falling from too distant
- During the pouring for too long vibrating
7. HYDRATION - When cement comes in contact with water, a chemical

reaction begins. This reaction is called hydration. If the mixing water dries
out too rapidly before the cement has fully hydrated, the curing process will
stop and the concrete will not harden to its intended strength. Hydration
occurs more rapidly at higher air temperatures. Hydration itself also
generates heat. This heat of hydration can be helpful during cold-weather
construction but harmful during hot-weather construction.
The chemical reaction between water and cement first forms a paste
which must completely coat each aggregate particle during mixing. After
some time, the paste begins to set and after a few hours it lost its plasticity
entirely and becomes harden concrete.
MIX DESIGN PROBLEMS
Problem (1) The 28-day compressive strength should be 34 MPa, The slump
should be between 75 mm and 100 mm and the maximum aggregate size
should not exceed 19 mm The properties of the materials are as follows:
Cement : Type I, specific gravity = 3.15
Coarse Aggregate: Bulk specific gravity (SSD) = 2.65; absorption
capacity = 0.5%; dry-rodded unit weight = 1605 kg/m3 ; surface
moisture = 1%
Fine Aggregate: Bulk specific gravity (SSD) = 2.60; absorption capacity
= 1.1%; fineness modulus = 2.70; surface moisture = 3%
Step 1: Choice of Slump

Slump = 75-100mm
Step 2: Choice of maximum size of aggregate
Max size = 19mm
Step 3: Estimation of mixing water and air content
From Table 10.9:

For non-air-entrained:
Mixing water quantity: 205 kg/m3
Vol. of Water = 0.205 m3
Air Content: 5.0%
Vol. of Air = (0.05)(1m3) = 0.05 m3
Step 4: Selection of water/cement ratio
From Table 10.3:
28-day compressive strength @ 34 MPa, interpolate from table.
34.5 - 34 0.48 -x
=
34.5 - 27.6 0.48-0.57 ; x = 0.487
Step 5: Calculation of cement content
weight of cement = weight of water/ water cement ratio

kg
205 3 kg
m 421.358 3
wt. of cement = = m
0.487
kg
421.358
Vol. of Cement = m3 = 0.134 m3
1000 3.15
Step 6: Estimation of coarse aggregate content
(From Table 10.5) Interpolate bet. 2.60 and 2.80:
2.70 - 2.60 x - 0.64

= = 0.63 m3
2.80 - 2.60 0.62-0.64
0.63 x 1605kg/m3 x 1 m3=1011.15 kg
1011.15 kg
1000 x 2.65 = 0.382 m3
Step 7: Estimation of fine aggregate content
Unit Volume 1m3 1.000 m3

Vol. of Mixing Water 0.205 m3
Vol. of Air 0.050 m3
Vol. of Type I Cement 0.134 m3
Vol. of Coarse Aggregate 0.382 m3
Vol. of Fine Aggregate 0.229 m3
Step 8: Adjustments for aggregate moisture
Adjustment for moisture:

Coarse Aggregate: 1011.15 x 1.01 = 1021.262 kg/m 3
Fine Aggregate: 0.229 x 1000 kg/m x 2.60 = 595.4 kg x 1.03 = 613.262

3
kg/m3
Amount of mixing water to be added:

Coarse Aggregate: 1011.15 x (0.01 - 0.005) = 5.056 kg/m 3
Fine Aggregate: 595.4 x (0.03 - 0.011) = 11.313 kg/m 3
Amount of mixing water needs to be added:
205 kg - 5.056 kg - 11.313 kg = 188.631 kg
FINAL TRIAL BATCH
Mixing Water
188.631 kg
Portland Cement
421.358 kg
Coarse Aggregate
1021.262 kg
Fine Aggregate
613.262 kg
For Cement:
1 bag=40kg=240.00
Total Cost=421.358x(240/40)Php/kg = Php 2528.148
For Coarse Aggregates:
1m3=Php700.00
Unit Weight= 1682 kg/m3
Total Cost=(1021.262kg)/(1682kg/m3)*(Php700.00)=Php 425.02
For Fine Aggregates:
1m3=Php700.00
Total Material Cost= Php 3221.135

Problem (2) Repeat problem 1 if the concrete is to be subjected to severe
exposure to seawater. Compare the material cost.

Slump = 75-100mm

Max size = 19mm
From Table 10.9:

For air-entrained:
Air Content: 6.0%
Vol. of Air = (0.05)(1 m3) = 0.06 m3
From Table 10.3:

34.5 - 34 0.40 -x
=
34.5 - 27.6 0.40-0.48 ; x = 0.406

kg
184 3 kg
m 453.429 3
wt. of cement = = m
0.406
kg
453.429
1000 3.15

2.70 - 2.60 x - 0.64

= = 0.63 m3
2.80 - 2.60 0.62-0.64
0.63 x 1605kg/m3 x 1 m3=1011.15 kg
1011.15 kg
1000 x 2.65 = 0.382 m3


Fine Aggregate: 0.230 x 1000 kg/m x 2.60 = 598kg x 1.03 = 615.940 kg/m3
3
Amount of mixing water to be added:

Coarse Aggregate: 1011.15 x (0.01 - 0.005) = 5.056 kg/m3
Fine Aggregate: 595.4 x (0.03 - 0.011) = 11.362 kg/m3
184 kg - 5.056 kg - 11.362 kg = 167.582 kg
FINAL TRIAL BATCH
Mixing Water
167.582 kg
Portland Cement
453.429 kg
Coarse Aggregate
1021.262 kg
Fine Aggregate
615.940 kg
For Cement:
1 bag=40kg=240.00
1m3=Php700.00
1m3=Php700.00
Total Material Cost= Php 3414.731, non-air-entrained costs Php

3221.135
Hence, concrete subjected to severe exposure to seawater is more
economical
Problem (3) Repeat problem 1 for max. aggregate size of 37.5 mm.
Compare the material cost.

Slump = 75-100mm
Max size = 19mm
From Table 10.9:

Air Content: 4.5%
Vol. of Air = (0.045)(1m3) = 0.045 m3
From Table 10.3:
34.5 - 34 0.48 -x
=
34.5 - 27.6 0.48-0.57 ; x = 0.487

kg
181 3 kg
m 371.663 3
wt. of cement = = m
0.487
kg
371.663
1000 3.15

2.70 - 2.60 x - 0.73
= = 0.72 m3
2.80 - 2.60 0.71-0.73
0.72 x 1605kg/m3 x 1 m3=1155.60 kg
1155.60 kg
1000 x 2.65 = 0.436 m3

Fine Aggregate: 0.220 x 1000 kg/m x 2.60 = 572 kg x 1.03 = 589.160

3
kg/m3
Amount of mixing water needs to be adjusted:
Coarse Aggregate: 1155.60 x (0.01 - 0.005) = 5.778 kg/m 3
Fine Aggregate: 572 x (0.03 - 0.011) = 10.868 kg/m 3
181 kg - 5.778 kg - 10.868 kg = 164.354 kg
FINAL TRIAL BATCH

Mixing Water
164.354 kg
Portland Cement
371.663 kg
Coarse Aggregate
1167.156 kg
Fine Aggregate
589.160 kg
For Cement:
1 bag=40kg=240.00
1m3=Php700.00
1m3=Php700.00

3221.135
Hence, concrete w/ max. aggregate size of 37.5 mm. is more
economical
Problem (4) Repeat problem 2 for compressive strength of 41 MPa.
Compare the material cost.

Slump = 75-100mm

Max size = 19mm
From Table 10.9:

For air-entrained:
Air Content: 6.0%
Vol. of Air = (0.05)(1 m3) = 0.06 m3
From Table 10.3:
41 - 34.5 x -0.40
=
41 - 27.6 x-0.48 ; x = 0.325

kg
184 3 kg
m 566.154 3
wt. of cement = = m
0.325
kg
566.154
1000 3.15

2.70 - 2.60 x - 0.64

= = 0.63 m3
2.80 - 2.60 0.62-0.64
0.63 x 1605kg/m3 x 1 m3=1011.15 kg
1011.15 kg
1000 x 2.65 = 0.382 m3

Coarse Aggregate: 1011.15 x 1.01 = 1021.262 kg/m3
Fine Aggregate: 0.194 x 1000 kg/m3 x 2.60 = 504.4 kg x 1.03 = 519.532

kg/m3
184 kg - 5.056 kg - 9.584 kg = 169.360 kg
FINAL TRIAL BATCH
Mixing Water
169.360kg
Portland Cement
566.154 kg
Coarse Aggregate
1021.262 kg
Fine Aggregate
519.532 kg
For Cement:
1 bag=40kg=240.00
1m3=Php700.00
1m3=Php700.00
Total Material Cost= Php 4048.955, seawater exposed costs Php

3414.731
Hence, concrete subjected to severe exposure to seawater is more
economical
Problem (5) Repeat problem 1 for slump value of 40mm. Compare the
material cost.

Slump = 40mm

Max size = 19mm
From Table 10.9:

Air Content: 5.0%
Vol. of Air = (0.05)(1m3) = 0.05 m3
From Table 10.3:
34.5 - 34 0.48 -x
=
34.5 - 27.6 0.48-0.57 ; x = 0.487

kg
190 3 kg
m 390.144 3
wt. of cement = = m
0.487
kg
390.144
1000 3.15

2.70 - 2.60 x - 0.64

= = 0.63 m3
2.80 - 2.60 0.62-0.64
0.63 x 1605kg/m3 x 1 m3=1011.15 kg
1011.15 kg
1000 x 2.65 = 0.382 m3


Coarse Aggregate: 1011.15 x 1.01 = 1021.262 kg/m3
Fine Aggregate: 0.254 x 1000 kg/m3 x 2.60 = 660.4 kg x 1.03 = 680.212

kg/m3
190 kg - 5.056 kg - 12.548 kg = 172.396 kg
FINAL TRIAL BATCH
Mixing Water
172.396 kg
Portland Cement
390.144 kg
Coarse Aggregate
1021.262 kg
Fine Aggregate
680.212 kg
For Cement:
1 bag=40kg=240.00
1m3=Php700.00
1m3=Php700.00
Total Cost= (680.212kg)/(1602kg/m3)*(Php700.00)=Php 297.221

3221.135
Hence, concrete w/ slump value of 40mm. is more economical
Problem (6) Repeat problem 1 for fineness modulus of the fine aggregates
3.00. Compare the material cost.

Slump = 75-100mm

Max size = 19mm
From Table 10.9:

Air Content: 5.0%
Vol. of Air = (0.05)(1m3) = 0.05 m3
From Table 10.3:
34.5 - 34 0.48 -x
=
34.5 - 27.6 0.48-0.57 ; x = 0.487

kg
205 3 kg
m 421.358 3
wt. of cement = = m
0.487
kg
421.358
1000 3.15
(From Table 10.5) Fine Aggregate Modulus of 3.00: 0.60 m3
0.60 x 1605kg/m3 x 1 m3=963 kg
963 kg
1000 x 2.65 = 0.363 m3


Coarse Aggregate: 963 x 1.01 = 972.630 kg/m3
Fine Aggregate: 0.248 x 1000 kg/m 3 x 2.60 = 644.8 kg x 1.03 = 664.144
kg/m3

Coarse Aggregate: 963x (0.01 - 0.005) = 4.815 kg/m3

205 kg - 4.815 kg - 12.251 kg = 187.934 kg
FINAL TRIAL BATCH
Mixing Water
187.934 kg
Portland Cement
421.358 kg
Coarse Aggregate
972.630 kg
Fine Aggregate
664.144 kg
For Cement:
1 bag=40kg=240.00
Total Cost=421.358 x (240/40)Php/kg = Php 2528.148
1m3=Php700.00
1m3=Php700.00

3221.135
Hence, concrete w/ fineness modulus of 3.00 for fines is more
economical

Proportioning Concrete Mix Design

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Proportioning Concrete Mix Design

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Technological University of the Philippines

Department of Civil Engineering

Castillo, Ervin James C.

January 18, 2017

Dr. Melito A. Baccay

The following information for available materials will be useful:

1. Choice of slump. If slump is

2. Choice of maximum size of aggregate. Large nominal maximum sizes

ACI 211.2-98 (STANDARD PRACTICE FOR SELECTING PROPORTIONS

Factors affecting proportioning of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

Estimating first trial mix proportions

ACI 211.3R-2 (GUIDE FOR SELECTING PROPORTIONS FOR NO-SLUMP

Scope and Limits

Proportioning Computations (SI Units)

PROPERTIES OF FRESH CONCRETE

Properties of Fresh Concrete

The fresh concrete has the following procedure:

1. CONSISTENCY - Consistency of a concrete mix is a measure of the

2. WORKABILITY - The workability of a concrete mix is the relative ease

3. SETTLEMENT AND BLEEDING - Cement and aggregate particles have

4. PLASTIC SHRINKAGE - If water is removed from the compacted concrete

Slump loss in concrete is caused due to the following reasons:

6. SEGREGATION - The separation of the concrete ingredients is called

Segregation can occur:

7. HYDRATION - When cement comes in contact with water, a chemical

MIX DESIGN PROBLEMS

Step 1: Choice of Slump

Step 2: Choice of maximum size of aggregate

Max size = 19mm

Step 3: Estimation of mixing water and air content

From Table 10.9:

Step 4: Selection of water/cement ratio

From Table 10.3:

28-day compressive strength @ 34 MPa, interpolate from table.

Step 5: Calculation of cement content

weight of cement = weight of water/ water cement ratio

(From Table 10.5) Interpolate bet. 2.60 and 2.80:

2.70 - 2.60 x - 0.64

0.63 x 1605kg/m3 x 1 m3=1011.15 kg

Step 7: Estimation of fine aggregate content

Unit Volume 1m3 1.000 m3

Step 8: Adjustments for aggregate moisture

Adjustment for moisture:

Fine Aggregate: 0.229 x 1000 kg/m x 2.60 = 595.4 kg x 1.03 = 613.262

Amount of mixing water to be added:

Fine Aggregate: 595.4 x (0.03 - 0.011) = 11.313 kg/m 3

Amount of mixing water needs to be added:

205 kg - 5.056 kg - 11.313 kg = 188.631 kg

FINAL TRIAL BATCH

Total Cost=421.358x(240/40)Php/kg = Php 2528.148

For Coarse Aggregates:

Unit Weight= 1682 kg/m3

Total Cost=(1021.262kg)/(1682kg/m3)*(Php700.00)=Php 425.02

For Fine Aggregates:

Unit Weight= 1602 kg/m3

Total Cost=(613.262kg)/(1602kg/m3)*(Php700.00)=Php 267.967

Total Material Cost= Php 3221.135

Step 1: Choice of Slump

Step 2: Choice of maximum size of aggregate

Step 3: Estimation of mixing water and air content

From Table 10.9:

Step 4: Selection of water/cement ratio