5.

2 Phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi)

Materials

Slides
Saccharomyces budding
Penicillium conidiophores
Aspergillus conidiophores and sporangia
Peziza

Procedure

a Saccharomyces
1 The prepared slide of Saccharomyces had been examined.
2 Yeast that are undergoing the budding process had been tried to find.

b Penicillium
1 The prepared slide of Penicillium had been examined.
2 The formation of conidia on the slide had been noticed.

c Aspergillus
1 The prepared slide of Aspergillus had been examined.

d Peziza
1 A prepared slide of ascocarp of Peziza had been examined.
2 The number of spores present in the ascus was counted .

Discussion :

The second phylum that had been observed is Ascomycota. Prepared slide of
Saccharomyces budding was observed. It can be clearly seen that the specimen are unicellular
fungi. The cell are in round shape. The yeast that are undergoing budding process could
clearly been seen. The second prepared slide that had been observed was Penicillium
conidiophores. From the observation, it can clearly seen that it have brush-like structure
conidiophores is it asexual fruiting structure. The next prepared slide that had been observed
was Aspergillus conidiophores and sporangia. it could cleary be seen that the mycelium are
made of coenocytic hypae and the conidia produced at the end of a swollen tip. After that,
prepared slide of Peziza was observed. The elongated fingelike asci, which contain the dark-
colored, spherical ascospores can clearly be seen. It has 8 ascospores in the ascus. Finally,
preserved specimen had been observed that is Cookeina sp. it is orange in color. It has cup
like shape and there is hairy like thing on the surface of the fungi.
Ascomycota sprout from spores into hapliod mycelia. These mycelia can produce two
types of reproductive structures. First, they can produce conidiophores for asexual
reproduction. Conidiaphores may simply branch off from the mycelia or they may be formed
in fruiting bodies. Secondly, ascomycota produce structures for sexual reproduction called
gametangia. These structures are either male or female. The male gametangia may be
anything from a detached cell (called a spermatium) to a differentiated region called an
antheridium. The female structure is always a differentiated region known as the ascogonium.
Many Ascomycota form a fruiting body, or ascoma, similar to that of the Basidiomycota, but
with an important difference. The ascomycota fruiting body is composed mainly of entangled
monokaryotic hyphae from the male and female mycelia rather than of dikaryotic hyphae
formed from the joining of hyphae from the two mycelia, as in the basidiomycota. The only
dikaryotic structures in the fruiting body are those produced by the gametangia after
plasmogamy.