Cables & cable glands.

LV cables.

IEC 60228 "Conductors of insulated cables", gives guidelines on the minimum number of wires in a
stranded conductor for various cross-sectional areas.

HV cables.

In case of the HV cables, the conductor and insulation screens are added to prevent air filled cavities
which would lead to electric discharges.

HV cables: Screening - medium and high voltage cables have a metallic layer surround the

cores (either individually or collectively).

- conductor: non-metallic, semi-conducting layer

- insulation: non-metallic, semi-conducting layer and metallic screen

- collective: semi-conducting inner covering, and metallic screen (overall laid up cores)

Metallic Layers -
 - metallic screen : wires or tapes

- concentric conductor: electrical resistance dictated by regulation

- metallic sheath : typically lead or lead alloy tube

- metallic armour: flat wire, round wire or double tape (sometimes braided)

Separation sheath (bedding) - applied where underlying metallic layer and armour are of

different materials. Applied between laid up cores and armour of low voltage cables.

Oversheath - outer covering of the cable.

Geometric mean distances.

Given known spacing between conductors, the geometric mean distance is given by:

.
 .

d for the single cores the overall diameters.

d for the multicores LV cables the diameter of the core over the insulation.

d for the multicores HV cables the diameter over the insulation and including any insulation semi-
conducting layer and metallic screen.

Calculation of impedances.
Calculated in accordance with IEC 60909-2 'Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems - Part 2:
data of electrical equipment for short-circuit current calculations.

Single Due to the

conductors. inductance due to
its' own magnetic
field is given by:

Two conductors Mutual

in space. inductances.

.
Xt the total reactance of two conductors in parallel
(spaces.).
Multicore The distance varies
cables. between the
conductors in the
flat formations. Use
the geometric
mean distances.
.
* equation can be applied to single core and multicore cables
* equation can be applied to three three-phase (with and
without neutral), and single phase loads.
Zero sequence impedances.
The zero sequence impedance values as per the Carsons'
equations, as given in IEC 60909 3.
 .