10

10.1.


.

10.2.
.
,
, , ...

.

, U, ()
+Q Q. To
U:

Q = CU (10.1)

(10.1) C, Q U,

H ,
.
.
, ()
, ,
:

C = 0 S/d (10.2)

S , d
0 .
S.I, Coulomb (C)
Volt, (V), Farad (F, F = C/V). 0
8,85 10-12 F/m 8,85 pF/m.
, ,
.
R,
(10.2) f:

C = 0(S/d)f (10.3)

92
 d/R.
f d/R:

d/R
f
0,2 1,286
0,1 1,167
0,05 1,094
0,02 1,042
0,01 1,023

.
, C0 C ,
r = C/C0 (10.4)

. r 1 , 1
, 81!

r, r
C = r 0 ( S/d) =C
r 0 (10.5)

= r 0
0 (F/m).

10.2.1.
, .
, ,
. ,
, , :
P = e (10.6)

e
(
).
e /0 = r :
r 1 = r (10.7)

93
10.3.

(10.1), (10.2) (10.4),

- . :

.

.
.

:
() (),
100 .
() .

10.4.
.10.2.

. !
10.2

:
,
20 cm ( . 20.2 C)
0-200 V ( )
( V),
( , G )
100 M ( R)
( )

1. Berkeley, 2: -. (, 1978),
. 3, 7.
2. M. Alonso Finn, , 2, 2:
. (, 1981), . 16.
3. , , , , ,
(, 2010).

94
10.5.
10.5.1.
1. . . 10.2.
2. 2 mm.
3. 25 V (U = 25 V).
4. () ( )
. ,
, E, G.
U Q.
Q ,
.
5. , C
. Q ,
, .
U, Q, Q . Q = Q Q
Q C.
6. 4, 50-200 V 25 V.
.
7. C
5, 50-200 V 25 V.
.

U Q = Q + Q Q Q = Q Q
(V) (C) (C) (C)

10.5.2.
0,5 3 mm,
0,5 mm . , (..
145V) , Q Q, .
.

II

d Q Q Q = Q Q C = Q/U
(mm) (C) (C) (C) (pF)

95
10.5.3.
, 4 5 ( 10.5.1),
:
1. . ,
50-200 V ( U, Q.).
2.
.
( Q.).
III

U Q. Q. C. C. r
(V) (C) (C) (pF) (pF)

10.6.

10.6.1.
1. Q U , Q
U.
, C, C.
C C.
2. C (. 10.3).
3. .

10.6.2.

1. , C,
.
2. C 1/d .
3. .
(10.3).
4. .

10.6.3
1. ,
, (C.) (C.) ,
. (10.1) .
2. , . (10.4)
, r, .
3. r , r r.
4. ;

96