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Since
we obtain
Hence
3.14
w , = ----- = 1.96 rad/sec
2 X 0.8
(P(2-lb force)
t
Figure 5-58
(a) Mechanical
vibratory system;
(b) step-response
curve.
The amplitude of the exponentially damped sinusoid changes as a geometric series. A t time
t = t,=.rr/w,, the amplitude is equal to e-(ul",l)n. After one oscillation, o r at
t = t , + 2.rr/w,, = 3n/w,,, the amplitude is equal to e-(""wg1)3"; after another cycle of oscillation, the
The logarithm of the ratio of successive amplitudes is called the logarithmic
amplitude is e-(u;"~)5".
decrement. Determine the logarithmic decrement for this second-order system. Describe a method
for experimental determination of the damping ratio from the rate of decay of the oscillation.
Solution. Let us define the amplitude of the output oscillation at t = t , to be x,, where
t, = t, + ( i - 1 ) T ( T = period of oscillation). The amplitude ratio per one period of damped
oscillation is
It is 3 function only of the damping ratio j . Thus, the damping ratio j can be determined by use
of the logarithmic. decrement.
In the experimental determination of the damping ratio 6 from the rate of decay of the oscil-
lation, we measure the amplitude x , at t = t , and amplitude x, at t = t , + ( n - l ) T .Note that
it is necessary to choose n large enough so that the ratio o x,/x, is not near unity.Then
Hence