Solution:

From the transistor switching circuit shown in FIGURE 10.7

A bipolar transistor is connected to a resistive load.
The source voltage is VCC 40 V
Load resistance RL 10
In the saturation region, the transistor parameters are:
The collector-emitter voltage is VCE 0.1 V
IC

IB
Current gain is 5

a) The loop equation of the collector circuit is:

VCC VCE RL IC
RL IC VCC VCE
VCC VCE
IC
RL
Therefore, the Load current or collector current in the circuit is:
40 0.1
IC
10
39.9
IC
10
IC 3.99 A

b) The Load power in a transistor circuit is:

PL VCC IC
PL 40 3.99
PL 159.6 W
The losses in the collector-emitter circuit are:
PCE IC VCE
PCE 3.99 0.1
PCE 0.399
PCE 0.399 W

c) The base current in the circuit is:

IC
IB

3.99
IB
5
IB 0.798 A
The losses in the base-emitter circuit are:
PBE IB VBE
Since the base-emitter junction is just a diode in the forward bias, we can
assume that VBE is about 0.7V.
PBE 0.798 0.7
Therefore, PBE 0.5586
PBE 0.5586 W

d) The emitter efficiency of the circuit is:

IC
E 100%
IC IB
3.99
E 100%
3.99 0.798
3.99
E 100%
4.788
E 0.834 100%
E 83.4%
The input power in a transistor circuit is equals to Load power in a transistor circuit
Plus losses in a transistor circuit
PI PL PBE PCE
PI 159.6 0.5586 0.399
PI 160.5576 W

The efficiency of the circuit is

PL
100%
PI
159.6
100%
160.5576
0.99403 100%
 99.403 %