Well Test Analysis

-Type Curves-

By: Dr. Mostafa Ghasemi Baboli

Email:mostafa.baboli@utp.edu.my
Room No: J3-02-08
Ext:7375
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 References:

1. Horne, R.N. (1995), Modern Well Test Analysis, Petroway

2. Chaudhry A. (2004), Oil Well Test Handbook, Gulf

Professional Publishing

3. J. Lee, (1982), Well Testing, SPE, New York

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 Lesson Out come:

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

CO1: To understand and Calculate wellbore storage coefficient, permeability, and skin
factor from type curve matching.

CO2: To characterize the reservoir using type curve matching

CO3: Design solutions for complex Petroleum Engineering problems and design systems,
components or processes that meet specified needs with appropriate consideration for
public health and safety, cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

1. To analyze drawdown and build up test using analytical solutions.

2. To characterise the reservoir using type curves matching.
3. To apply the concept of superposition in well test.
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4. To apply the principle equations for well test analysis.
 Type Curve
A type curve, is a response expressed in a dimensionless variables,
which is a typical for the system e.g. A simple radial model with
wellbore storage.

In a type curve, The Axis are the dimensionless representation of

Pressure and dimensionless time.

In These parameters, the value of permeability (k) is accounted for ,

However the value of wellbore storage (C) is still a parameter.
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 Schematic of a Type Curve

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 Data interpretation or analysis methods

Interpretation of observed pressure and rate data based on mathematical

well/reservoir model involves inverse problem. i.e.,
Input
Real system Output-Observed
(production/inje
(reservoir) data (P vs Time)
ction rate)

Input
(production/inje Model (, k, s, C, Output-Model
ction rate) etc) data (P vs Time)

Matching of the observed data with the model data allows estimation of , k, s, C

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 Ranking of WTI methods (Gringarten, 2006 -SPE
102079)

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 0.234 141.2 1 10.06 3
= = + +
2 4
24

162.6
= 3.23 + 0.869

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 Fundamentals of type curves
Type curves are plots of theoretical solutions to flow equations.
Type curves can be used to estimate reservoir properties, identify the appropriate
reservoir model, and identify various flow patterns during a test.
Type curves are usually presented in dimensionless variables.

= (1)
.

where, p=pressure, psi slightly compressible fluid

r=radial distance, ft Laminar (Darcy) flow
t=time, hrs Small and constant fluid compressibility
k=permeability, md Isothermal conditions
=viscosity, cp Negligible gravity effects
=total compressibility, Homogeneous porous media
=porosity, fraction

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 Contd
.
, = + (2)

Rearranging Eq. 2 gives

.
= (3)

( )
= (4)
. ( . / )

= (5)

For a finite wellbore radius, Dimensionless variables:

( )
=
141.2
0.0002637
=

=
= ( , , , ) 0.894
=
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 Application of type curves
1. Rameys type curves
Slightly compressible fluid
Single-phase liquid flowing
Homogeneous
Uniform pressure in the drainage area of the wellbore before production
Infinite acing reservoir (no boundary effects during the flow periods of interest
for analysis)
Constant production rate at the surface
Infinitesimal skin that may be modeled with an apparent wellbore radius
Constant wellbore storage coefficient

It is developed for drawdown tests, but can be applied to Buildup test analysis

using equivalent time ( = ) under the following condition:

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for
 Rameys Type Curves

Are the plots of dimensionless pressure change PD Vs dimensionless time change tD

The most important data can be given from the Type Curve is skin factor and
dimensionless wellbore storage constant CD

Its clear that for infinite acting reservoir, specification of CD and s uniquely
determines the value of PD at a given value of tD

S is used to characterize the wellbore damage or stimulation.

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 Procedure
Step 1: plot ( ) vs. (drawdown) and (
@ ) vs. (buildup) on a log-log graph paper the
same size (scale) as the master type curve.

Step 2: if the data has a unit slope region (45 at early times),
choose any point ( ,( )) or ( , ( @ )) on
the unit-slope line and calculate the wellbore storage
coefficient :
= (RB/psi)
( )

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 Procedure contd

Then calculate the dimensionless wellbore storage

coefficient:
.
=
Step 3: Using type curves with as calculated in step 2,
find curve that most nearly fits all plotted data. Side the field
curve, keeping axes parallel, until the best match is obtained
with one of the curves of the master graph.

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 Procedure contd

Step 4: Pick any convenient match point and read its corresponding
coordinates: ( , ) and ( , ) for drawdown test or ( , ) for
buildup test.

Step 5: Calculate k and using the following equations:

= 141.2 (mD) (8)

.
= ( ) (9)

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 Rameys type curve

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 Application of Remeys Type Curve

Slightly compressible fluid

Single-phase liquid flowing

Homogeneous

Uniform pressure in the drainage area of the wellbore before production

Infinite acing reservoir (no boundary effects during the flow periods of interest for analysis)

Constant production rate at the surface

Infinitesimal skin that may be modeled with an apparent wellbore radius

Constant wellbore storage coefficient

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 Example 1: Determine k, s, and C and the time that wellbore storage is finished,
from the data and table below, which were obtained in a pressure drawdown test
on an oil well.
q=500 STB/D rw=0.3 ft

=0.2 h=56 ft
=0.8 cp Bo=1.2 RB/STB
Ct=10-5 psi-1 Pi=3000 psia
t, hrs Pwf, psi t, hrs Pwf, psi
0.0109 2,976 0.491 2,302
0.0164 2,964 0.546 2,256
0.0218 2,953 1.09 1,952
0.0273 2,942 1.64 1,828
0.0328 2,930 2.18 1,768
0.0382 2,919 2.73 1,734
0.0437 2,908 3.28 1,712
0.0491 2,897 3.82 1,694
0.0546 2,886 4.37 1,684
0.109 2,785 4.91 1,674
0.164 2,693 5.46 1,655
0.218 2,611 6.55 1,651
0.273 2,536 8.74 1,630
0.328 2,469 10.9 1,614
0.382 2,408 16.4 1,587

0.437 2,352
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