Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Approach to taxonomy
Organizational classification
Functional classification
Process-oriented classification
Organizational
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Business functions
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Knowledge-level systems Management-level systems
Help the firm integrate new knowledge Serve the monitoring, controlling,
into the business decision-making, and administrative
Help the organization control the flow activities of middle managers
of paperwork Provide periodic reports rather than
Most widely used applications in instant information on operations
business today Principal questions
Are things working well? (Routine
monitoring)
What if? (Nonroutine decision making)
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Memo - Functions of an IS Typical TPS applications
ENVIRONMENT MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS:
Customers Suppliers
Suppliers Sales Management; Market Research;
ORGANIZATION Promotion; Pricing; New Products
INFORMATION SYSTEM MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS:
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Sales Order Info System; Market Research
System; Pricing System
FEEDBACK
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Knowledge work systems Office automation systems
Knowledge level Data workers
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MIS MIS
Report control oriented (summary and Management Information System
exceptions)
Different meaning from intro
Provide access to current performance and
historical data IS Serving the (middle) management level
Past & present data
Internal orientation Inputs: high volume data (from TPS)
Lengthy design process
Processing: simple models
Example: product unit performance, annual
Outputs: summary reports
budgeting Users: middle managers
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ORDER FILE
Use many models to analyze and condense
Materials Resource UNIT data
PRODUCT MIS
Sophisticated modeling tools
REPORTS
Planning System COST
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DSS Decision support systems EIS Executive info systems
Management level Support decision making at the
management top level
Non routine decisions
Inputs: low volume data
EIS are not designed primarily to solve
Processing: interactive specific problems
Outputs: decision analysis EIS provide a generalized computing and
Users: professionals, staff communications capacity that can be
applied to a changing array of problems
They filter, compress, and track critical data,
Example: contract cost analysis, production reducing time and effort required to obtain
information useful to executives
scheduling
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Interrelationships
ESS
KWS
TPS
OAS
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OPERATIONAL
LEVEL
SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN
MARKETING RESOURCES
Business functions
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Manufacturing and Production M&P examples
Activities deal with System Description Level
Planning, development, and maintenance of
Machine control Control action of Operational
production facilities machines
The establishment of production goals Computer-aided Design new product Knowledge
The acquisition, storage, and availability of design
production materials Production planning Decide when and Management
how many
Scheduling of equipment, facilities, materials,
and labor required for finished products Facilities location Decide where to Strategic
locate new facilities
Integrate and control the production flow
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Managing the financial assets, such as Account receivable Track money Operational
cash, stocks, bonds, and other
investments, in order to maximize the Portfolio analysis Design portfolio of Knowledge
investments
return
Budgeting Prepare short-term Management
Accounting function budgets
Profit planning Plan long-term Strategic
Maintaining and managing the firms profits
financial records/receipts, disbursements,
payroll, to account for the flow of funds
in a firm
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Process-oriented taxonomy
Business Process
Set of activities, for each: input, output,
role
Process Input / output: material, information,
knowledge
With objective of producing valuable
product or service
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CRM CRM
Business and technology discipline to
coordinate all of the business processes for
dealing with customers
from receipt of an order acquisition through
product delivery
From existing customer to new ones
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SCM Functions
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ERP EIS Examples
Enterprise Information System, Enterprise sales personnel might not be able to
Resource Planning
tell at the time they placed an order
Organizations often have several IS whether the items that were ordered
that do not talk to each other were in inventory;
customers could not track their
orders;
manufacturing could not communicate
easily with finance to plan for new
production
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ERP Example
A sales representative in Brussels enters a customer order
The factory in Hong Kong receives the order and begins
production.
The warehouse checks its progress on-line and schedules the
shipment date.
customer service representatives can track the progress of the
order through every step of the manufacturing process.
Updated sales and production data automatically flow to the
accounting department.
The system transmits information for calculating the
salespersons commission to the payroll department.
The system also automatically recalculates the companys
balance sheets, accounts receivable and payable ledgers, cost
center accounts, and available cash
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Exercise Exercise - 2
Draw a diagram of the production
Management at your agricultural chemicals corporation has been dissatisfied
with production planning. Production plans are created using best guesses of
demand for each product which are based on how much of each product has
been ordered in the past. If a customer places an unexpected order or
requests a change to an existing order after it has been placed, there is no planning process.
way to adjust the production plans. The company may have to tell customers
it cant fill their orders or may run up extra costs maintaining additional
inventory to prevent stock-outs. At the end of each month, orders are totaled
and manually keyed into the companys production planning system. Data
from the past months production and inventory systems are manually
entered into the firms order management system. Analysts from the sales
department and from the production department analyze the data from their
respective systems to determine what the sales targets and what the Analyze the problems this process
production targets should be for the next month. These estimates are
usually different. The analysts then get together at a high-level planning
meeting to revise the production and sales targets to take into account senior
creates for the company.
managements goals for market share, revenues, and profits. The outcome of
the meeting is a finalized production master schedule. The entire production
planning process takes 17 business days to complete. Nine of these days are
required to enter and validate the data. The remaining days are spent
developing and reconciling the production and sales targets and finalizing
the production master schedule.
Define new process
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Case Study Processi o funzioni
SI Politecnico per gestione studenti Nuova Iscrizione studente
Iscrizioni, esami, statini, piani studio, Calcolo carico didattico e piano di
orari .. studio
Registrazione esame
Funzioni? Iscrizione esame
Processi? Pagamento tasse
Orari
Livelli di SI? (strategico, etc) Allocazione aule
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Divisioni Divisioni
Sales and marketing Amministrazione centrale
Accounting Segreteria studenti
Pagamento tasse Pagamento tasse
Nuova Iscrizione studente Nuova Iscrizione studente
Calcolo carico didattico e piano di studio
Calcolo carico didattico e piano di studio
Manufacturing (logistics) Registrazioni esami, statini
Iscrizione esame, registrazione esame
Facolta
Allocazione aule
Human resources Allocazione aule, orari
Calcolo ore docenti
Finance
Dipartimenti
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Livelli
TPS segreteria centrale
Iscrizione studente, registrazione esame
IBM360+Oracle
MIS segreteria centrale
studenti iscritti per esame
studenti iscritti per corso di laurea
tasso di superi
ESS (strategia)
Attivare corso di laurea in XY?
Quanti studenti di ultimi 3 anni accademici hanno profilo
di esami tale da suggerire che si sarebbero iscritti al nuovo
corso di laurea? (soglia minima per attivazione = 50
studenti/anno)
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