Passage of a Bill

Bill is essentially a proposed law by the legislative department. Each house may propose
a bill, when the House of Representatives proposes one, it shall be called a House Bill,
and when the Senate initiates a proposal, it shall be called a Senate bill.

Hodge-podged legislation refers to any proposed measure consisting of general or

more unrelated subjects, but is integrated in the proposal in order to guarantee support
from members of the Congress. The avoidance of logrolling legislation is to ensure
enough consideration and support from the members in regard to the passage of a bill
into law.

The passage of a bill into law follows strictly the procedures:

1. First Reading
2. Second Reading
3. Floor Debates
4. Printing and Distributions
5. Third Reading
6. Transmitted to the Other House
7. Submission to Joint Bicameral Committee
8. Approval of Consolidated Bill by Both Houses
9. Submission to the President
10. Veto Power of the President

Particularly:

a) Every bill must be presented and approved by the President;

b) In case, the President disapproves a bill, he exercises veto power and returns it,
with his objection, to the House where it originated;
c) In case the House, after such deliberation, considered the bill as proposed, a2/3
vote may carry its power to override the veto.

Components Parts of a Law

1. Title refers to the subject matter of the law, or the Act carried by the legislative
department, and the executive as well.
2. Preamble introduces the objectives for the enactment of the Act and explains
the general reasons for such legislation Act.
3. Enacting Clause refers to the collective and distinct will of both Houses to enact
an act or a bill. Enacting clause specifically states the reason for the legislation Act.
4. Body pertains to the total substance or content of the proposed bill.
5. Effectively Clause indicates the time at which the law shall take effect. Usually,
a law will be enforced next following the next 15-day publication requirement in a
newspaper of general circulation in the Philippines or in the Official Gazette, not
unless a date is fixed as to its effectively.
Taxation is a means of raising funds for the operation of the government, especially its
public services. The distribution of the tax burden should be equitable or fair. This means
a person has to pay taxes based on his ability to pay. Taxes should serve as tools in
facilitating economic stability and growth.

Basis of Taxation

1. The rule shall be uniform and equitable;

2. The taxation should be based on progressive income system;
3. The Congress may authorize the President to fix tariff rates, import and export
quotas, tonnage and wharf age dues, and other duties and imports, subject to the
limitation of the Congress;
4. Charitable institutions, churches and parsonages or convents appurtenant thereto,
mosques, non-profit cemeteries and all lands, buildings, and improvements
actually, directly, and exclusively used for religious, charitable, or educational
purposes shall be exempt from taxation.

Who are exempted from paying taxes?

Charitable institutions, churches and parsonages, or convents appurtenant thereto,

mosques, non-profit cemeteries, and all other facilities used for religious and educational
purposes.