PHYSICS FORMULAS

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-19 Rectangular Notation: Z = R jX where +j represents

Electron = -1.602 19 10 C = 9.11 10-31 kg
Proton = 1.602 19 10-19 C = 1.67 10-27 kg inductive reactance and -j represents capacitive reactance.
Neutron = 0 C = 1.67 10-27 kg For example, Z = 8 + j 6 means that a resistor of 8 is
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6.022 10 atoms in one atomic mass unit in series with an inductive reactance of 6.
e is the elementary charge: 1.602 19 10-19 C Polar Notation: Z = M , where M is the magnitude of the
reactance and is the direction with respect to the
2
Potential Energy, velocity of electron: PE = eV = mv
horizontal (pure resistance) axis. For example, a resistor of
1V = 1J/C 1N/C = 1V/m 1J = 1 Nm = 1 CV 4 in series with a capacitor with a reactance of 3 would
1 amp = 6.21 1018 electrons/second = 1 Coulomb/second
be expressed as 5 -36.9 .
1 hp = 0.756 kW 1 N = 1 TAm 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 In the descriptions above, impedance is used as an example.
Power = Joules/second = I2 R = IV [watts W] Rectangular and Polar Notation can also be used to
Quadratic b b 2 4ac Kinetic Energy [J] express amperage, voltage, and power.
Equation: x= KE = 12 mv 2
2a To convert from rectangular to polar notation:
[Natural Log: when eb = x, ln x = b ] Given: X - jY (careful with the sign before the j)
-3 -6 -9 -12 -15 -18
m: 10 : 10 n: 10 p: 10 f: 10 a: 10
Magnitude: X 2 + Y2 = M
Angle: Y (negative sign carried over
Addition of Multiple Vectors: tan = from rectangular notation
X in this example)
r r r r Note: Due to the way the calculator works, if X is negative,
Rr = Ar+ B +r C r Resultant = Sum of the vectors you must add 180 after taking the inverse tangent. If the
Rx = Ax + Bx + Cx x-component A x = A cos result is greater than 180, y ou may optionally subtract
360 t o obtain the value closest to the reference angle.
A y = A sin
r r r r
Ry = Ay + By + C y y-component
To convert from polar to rectangular (j) notation:
R= R x 2 + Ry 2 Magnitude (length) of R Given: M
Ry Ry X Value: M cos de
R = tan1 or tan R = Angle of the resultant agn
itu
M Y
Rx Rx Y (j) Value: M sin M

In conversions, the j value will have the

Multiplication of Vectors: same sign as the value for angles X
Positive direction: having a magnitude < 180.
Cross Product or Vector Product: Use rectangular notation when adding
i
and subtracting.
i j = k j i = k Use polar notation for multiplication and division. Multiply in
polar notation by multiplying the magnitudes and adding
i i = 0 the angles. Divide in polar notation by dividing the
j k
magnitudes and subtracting the denominator angle from
Dot Product or Scalar Product: the numerator angle.
j
i j = 0 ii =1 i
a b = ab cos
k
Derivative of Vectors:
Velocity is the derivative of position with respect to time:
d dx dy dz
v= ( x i + yj + zk ) = i + j+ k
dt dt dt dt
Acceleration is the derivative of velocity with respect to
time:
d dv dv y dv
a= ( v x i + v y j + v zk ) = x i + j+ z k
dt dt dt dt